Domesticated Forms Research Articles

The unlimited joy, ‘once you start you can’t stop’: masculinity in domestic technology commercials in Turkey

Recently, studies have begun examining men’s interaction with domestic space to explore changing forms of masculinity and domesticity, arguing that housework has become a leisure activity for men, with domestic technologies serving as tools (toys) for them to engage with. In this article, we explore how men in Turkish television commercials of domestic technologies are portrayed and how these portrayals construct and reconstruct discourses of domesticity and masculinity. We aim to understand men’s relationship with masculinity, home and domestic work in these commercials. Alongside leisure and fun, we explore the construction of discourses of masculinity and domesticity through specific themes such as the naughty scientist, the self-seeking purchaser, and the flirtatious chef. We argue that seeing more men on screen does not democratise domesticity since the equal share of workload at home is still far from being realised even in these portrayals. We also argue that domesticity is aestheticized with the participation of men and technology. Finally, women are used as instruments by men in reconstructing their masculinity through heterosexuality.

Comparative characteristics of the development of germ cells in Siberian sturgeon and sterlet in the second year of cultivation, obtained using cryopreserved and native sperm in industrial farms

For the first time, the effect of cryopreservation in comparison with native sperm from domesticated forms of Siberian sturgeon and sterlet on the development of germ cells and the body as a whole in the offspring obtained in the second year of cultivation, taken during fertilization of eggs of Siberian sturgeon and sterlet in the conditions of the Konakovsky department of the Branch for the freshwater fisheries of the VNIRO (VNIIPRKH). The correlation of body weight with the mass of the left, right and gonad length is shown, the greater the body weight, the greater the mass and length of the gonads. In the early stages of the body’s development, body weight and the appearance of gonads correlate due to the presence of parenchymal and adipose tissue in the gonads, blood cells — histiocytes (a type of macrophages), which resorb cells unnecessary to the body, are clearly visible in the gonads. In females and males of Siberian sturgeon and sterlet, regardless of body weight, there is a consistent manifestation of the patterns of gametogenesis. In the experimental and control groups, the development of germ cells is similar, and anatomical differentiation of sex takes place. The Siberian sturgeon has the I stage of gonad maturity, the sterlet has the I, the beginning of the II stage of gonad maturity, they are species–specific and regular. No violations were noted, the appearance of hermaphrodite in sturgeons is a known fact and is not a violation, because the process of germ cell development in the “female” and “male” gonads is proceeding in a timely manner. The good quality of spermatozoa in domesticated forms of Siberian sturgeon and sterlet, which have passed several stages of breeding and are located in the Konakovsky department, is also important.

Psychological Dynamics of Domestic Violence Victims: A Qualitative Study

This study aims to understand the psychological dynamics experienced by victims of domestic violence through a qualitative approach. By focusing on the subjective experiences of victims, this study explores how domestic violence affects the mental and emotional state of victims, as well as the coping strategies they use to survive. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with a number of victims of domestic violence, which were then thematically analysed to identify common psychological patterns. The results showed that victims of domestic violence experience various forms of psychological trauma, including fear, depression, anxiety, and a sense of worthlessness. In addition, many victims also experience internal conflict between the desire to leave a harmful relationship and a sense of emotional or economic dependence on the perpetrator. The coping strategies used by victims vary, ranging from seeking social support to using defensive mechanisms such as denial and avoidance. This study highlights the complexity of the psychological experiences of victims of domestic violence and the need for intervention approaches that are more holistic and sensitive to the psychological needs of victims. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the development of more effective policies and services in supporting the recovery of victims of domestic violence.

Goldfish phenomics reveals commonalities and a lack of universality in the domestication process for ornamentation

Abstract Domestication process effects are manifold, affecting genotype and phenotype, and assumed to be universal in animals by part of the scientific community. While mammals and birds have been thoroughly investigated, from taming to intensive selective breeding, fish domestication remains comparatively unstudied. The most widely bred and traded ornamental fish species worldwide, the goldfish, underwent the effect of long-term artificial selection on differing skeletal and soft tissue modules through ornamental domestication. Here, we provide a global morphological analysis in this emblematic ornamental domesticated fish. We demonstrate that goldfish exhibit unique morphological innovations in whole-body, cranial, and sensory (Weberian ossicles and brain) anatomy compared to their evolutionary clade, highlighting a remarkable morphological disparity within a single species comparable to that of a macroevolutionary radiation. In goldfish, as in the case of dogs and pigeons in their respective evolutionary contexts, the most ornamented varieties are extremes in the occupied morphological space, emphasizing the power of artificial selection for nonadaptive traits. Using 21st century tools on a dataset comprising the 16 main goldfish breeds, 23 wild close relatives, and 39 cypriniform species, we show that Charles Darwin’s expressed wonder at the goldfish is justified. There is a commonality of overall pattern in the morphological differentiation of domesticated forms selected for ornamental purposes, but the singularity of goldfish occupation and extension within (phylo)morphospaces, speaks against a universality in the domestication process.

Foreign market network and internationalization of domestic firms: A systematic literature review

This study examined foreign market network and internationalization of domestic firms. It was carried out to identify the contemporary foreign-market networks available for domestic firms seeking internationalization; the ways in which foreign market network facilitates the internationalization of domestic firms; and the major barriers to the internationalization of domestic firms in contemporary extant literature. To that end, a systematic literature review methodology was adopted. Through a thorough search process supported by a set of stringent inclusion-exclusion criteria, 103 relevant articles were included in this review. The articles were analyzed using in-depth content analysis method augmented with descriptive statistics. The study found that the contemporary foreign-market networks for internationalization can be grouped into 18 categories. It was also found that foreign market network can enhance the internationalization agenda of domestic forms by providing access to distribution channels, risk mitigation, and enabling access to market knowledge and insights, among other key findings. Therefore, the study recommended the following, among others: Domestic firms seeking to internationalize should seek out foreign market networks using personal contacts, social media and the internet generally in order to gather substantial market intelligence about the countries to which they intend to expand their operations; and domestic firms can leverage foreign market networks by establishing strategic partnerships with local distributors, leveraging international trade associations, and utilizing cross-border collaborations to gain market insights, access distribution channels, and build relationships with key stakeholders, facilitating the successful execution of their internationalization strategy.

Do the right thing: Vigilant citizenship and the surveillance of race in Miami

Public vigilance campaigns and lateral surveillance programs in the USA have mobilized citizens for a broad range of security concerns: from post-9/11 perceived terrorist threats to more domestic forms of crime. Scholars have explained such efforts as an extension of state and police power, while others have shown that state surveillance reifies a broad range of historically racist and violent practices. This article brings together these explanations through a focus on vigilant citizenship: an ideal type of citizen who is watchful and reports anything suspicious to the authorities. Based on long-term ethnographic fieldwork with police officers and citizens in Miami, my work demonstrates how the policing of Blackness also involves more quotidian experiences and articulations of rights, responsibilities, and belonging. The empirical cases discussed here demonstrate how vigilant citizenship cultivates distrust, fear, and alienation, feeding into racist and violent practices by police officers and neighborhood watches. The conclusion suggests that the policing and surveillance of race become encoded in acts and experiences of vigilant citizenship, blurring the boundaries between the police and citizens.

Genetic Structure of Domesticated Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) Populations in the Central Siberian Plateau and Adjacent Areas

On the basis of 16 microsatellite markers, the genetic structure of the domesticated reindeer of two breeds, Evenk and Even, bred on the territory of the Central Siberian Plateau and adjacent territories, was studied. Genetic flows between modern domesticated reindeer populations of two breeds were analyzed. Significant differences were found between the Evenk taiga and Even breeds of domestic deer. Using a historical sample from the middle of the last century, a high degree of stability in time of the gene pool of domesticated populations was revealed. It has been established that genetic flows between wild and domesticated forms in the study area are insignificant. Statistically significant genetic differences between wild and domesticated reindeer populations are shown.

In silico search for and analysis of R gene variation in primitive cultivated potato species.

Pathogen recognition receptors encoded by R genes play a key role in plant protection. Nowadays, R genes are a basis for breeding many crops, including potato. Many potato R genes have been discovered and found suitable for breeding thanks to the studies of a wide variety of wild potato species. The use of primitive cultivated potato species (PCPS) as representatives of the primary gene pool can also be promising in this respect. PCPS are the closest to the early domesticated forms of potato; therefore, their investigation could help understand the evolution of R genes. The present study was aimed at identifying and analyzing R genes in PCPS listed in the open database of NCBI and Solomics DB. In total, the study involved 27 accessions belonging to three species: Solanum phureja Juz. & Bukasov, S. stenotomum Juz. & Bukasov and S. goniocalyx Juz. & Bukasov Materials for the analysis were the sequencing data for the said three species from the PRJNA394943 and PRJCA006011 projects. An in silico search was carried out for sequences homologous to 26 R genes identified in potato species differing in phylogenetic distance from PCPS, namely nightshade (S. americanum), North- (S. bulbocastanum, S. demissum) and South-American (S. venturii, S. berthaultii) wild potato species, as well as the cultivated potato species S. tuberosum and S. andigenum. Homologs of all investigated protein-coding sequences were discovered in PCPS with a relatively high degree of similarity (85-100 %). Homologs of the Rpi-R3b, Rpi-amr3 and Rpi-ber1 genes have been identified in PCPS for the first time. An analysis of polymorphism of nucleotide and amino acid sequences has been carried out for 15 R genes. The differences in frequencies of substitutions in PCPS have been demonstrated by analysis of R genes, the reference sequences of which have been identified in different species. For all the studied NBS-LRR genes, the proportion of substituted amino acids in the LRR domain exceeds this figure for the NBS domain. The potential prospects of using PCPS as sources of resistance to Verticillium wilt have been shown.

Securing the boundaries of wilderness in northern Alaska, 1892–1950

This paper examines the socio-ecological implications of reindeer-caribou hybridization during the rise and collapse of the reindeer industry in Alaska. Following their introduction in the late nineteenth century, reindeer populations increased dramatically as herds spread throughout the territory. As populations increased, domesticated reindeer often escaped from their herds and ran off with migratory caribou. By the 1920s, Alaskan wildlife managers and scientists came to view feral reindeer as a form of biological pollution and a threat to the health and purity of the region's wild caribou. Despite divergent evolutionary histories, reindeer and caribou are related at the subspecies level and can interbreed to produce hybridized offspring. I argue that managerial anxieties about reindeer-caribou hybridization were bound up with broader concerns regarding race and related efforts to protect ostensibly pure spaces of wilderness and nature. Throughout the paper, I consider managerial attempts to mitigate reindeer-caribou hybridization in northern Alaska, which included the demarcation and reinforcement of conceptual and spatial boundaries between wild and domesticated forms of life. However, between the late nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries, feral reindeer and hybridized caribou repeatedly demonstrated the violability of the biological categories and conceptual boundaries that wildlife managers employed as they sought to order life on the northern tundra.

Microsatellite-based analysis reveals Aedes aegypti populations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia result from colonization by both the ancestral African and the global domestic forms.

The Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) mosquito is the main vector of dengue, chikungunya and Zika and is well established today all over the world. The species comprises two forms: the ancestral form found throughout Africa and a global domestic form that spread to the rest of the tropics and subtropics. In Saudi Arabia, A. aegypti has been known in the southwest since 1956, and previous genetic studies clustered A. aegypti from Saudi Arabia with the global domestic form. The purpose of this study was to assess the genetic structure of A. aegypti in Saudi Arabia and determine their geographic origin. Genetic data for 17 microsatellites were collected for A. aegypti ranging from the southwestern highlands of Saudi Arabia on the border of Yemen to the north-west in Madinah region as well as from Thailand and Uganda populations (as representatives of the ancestral African and global domestic forms, respectively). The low but significant level of genetic structuring in Saudi Arabia was consistent with long-distance dispersal capability possibly through road connectivity and human activities, that is, passive dispersal. There are two main genetic groupings in Saudi Arabia, one of which clusters with the Ugandan population and the other with the Thailand population with many Saudi Arabian individuals having mixed ancestry. The hypothesis of genetic admixture of the ancestral African and global domestic forms in Saudi Arabia was supported by approximate Bayesian computational analyses. The extent of admixture varied across Saudi Arabia. African ancestry was highest in the highland area of the Jazan region followed by the lowland Jazan and Sahil regions. Conversely, the western (Makkah, Jeddah and Madinah) and Najran populations corresponded to the global domesticated form. Given potential differences between the forms in transmission capability, ecology and behaviour, the findings here should be taken into account in vector control efforts in Saudi Arabia.

RESEARCH OF THE RECREATIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE CITY AND SUBURBAN AREA – CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES

With the development of large cities, stable and dynamic development of recreational areas becomes relevant both directly in cities and in suburban areas for short-term stay of urban residents. The problems of organizing recreation in the city and suburban area were dealt with by specialists in architecture and urban planning, specialists in recreational geography and researchers noted that recreational activities are clearly differentiated geographically and are directly related to the natural properties of the territory. The methodological problem of such developments is their predominant orientation to commercial forms of recreational activities, in particular to tourism and to mass organized recreation, which has its own management and marketing. Other types of recreational activities – mass unorganized recreation and domestic forms of recreation and leisure – are practically considered in this context, experience not considered in this context, experience has shown that recreation is actually a complex phenomenon. A typical problem has become an intersectoral one, which requires the joint work of many specialists. The aim of the study is to deepen the concept of the recreational environment of the city and suburban area. Currently, the «city-suburban zone» system is considered as a single whole with its own connections, interdependencies and interactions, with its own principles of integrated and synergistic development. One of the main functions of the suburban area is recreation and recreation of the city’s population. There is a practical need to consider the recreational resources of the city and suburban area together and term this combination as the «recreational environment of the city». The recreational environment of the city and suburban area is considered as a multicomponent system that combines components – natural, historical and cultural, social, economic, manmade, environmental, legal, managerial, information environments. The recreational environment, formalized as a result of the overlap and interaction of the original environmental environments – natural, historical, cultural, and social, technogenic, economic, ecological is a set of resource components united by a common social function-ensuring the recreational needs of the population.

Documenting Cold War Truth: Human Rights Abuses and Spiritual Death in the USSR and the US

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Soviet activists in the USSR and members of the Black Panther Party in the United States emphasized the need to document the truth of domestic human rights abuses not in the land of the Cold War adversary but in their own. In the process, they contested the dominant misrepresentations of Soviet citizens and African Americans that obscured those routine human rights abuses. Members of both groups conceived of documenting this truth as essential to ultimately eliminating these domestic forms of state-sanctioned violence. They also spoke of the act of speaking the truth in word and deed as facilitating their own liberation from what they similarly identified as a devastating Soviet and American spiritual death in countries that were officially represented in the Cold War universe as the moral antithesis. The ‘woke’ or liberated individual was no longer a subservient, mask-wearing ‘Homo Sovieticus’ or ‘Negro’ who mouthed the lies of unbounded Soviet democracy and American freedom, but a genuine citizen and full human being who demanded respect for their human rights.

COVID-19 induced DV in Zimbabwe’s Southlea Park residential area in Harare

COVID-19 affected various communities across the globe in different ways. The study assessed the impacts of the COVID-19 lockdown on domestic violence in the Southlea-Park residential area in Harare. A mixed-methods research design was adopted as it allowed use of both qualitative and quantitative data collection approaches. Questionnaires, interviews, and observations were employed for data collection. The research showed that DV in the Southlea Park residential area emanated from drug abuse, juvenile delinquency, conflicts over decision-making between parents, prostitution, and food insufficiency, among others. The study indicated that most dominant forms of DV in Southlea Park during the COVID-19 lockdown period included physical, emotional, and verbal violence. The findings from this study indicated that males suffered more from verbal and psychological violence, while females suffered more from physical, economic, sexual, and emotional violence. The research concludes that COVID-19 had massive influence on domestic violence; however, the Zimbabwe Republic Police should ensure deployment of police officers in temporary camps within or close to residential areas that are far from police stations to ensure public safety during situations that trigger domestic and other forms of violence in residential areas, and the Ministry of Women Affairs, Community, Small and Medium Enterprises Development in Zimbabwe should ensure availability of agents responsible for ensuring against vulnerability of people to gender, domestic, and other forms of violence in all communities of the country, especially during situations that trigger violence.

DEVELOPMENT OF COMPOSITIONS AND TECHNOLOGY OF GELS CONTAINING PHYTOEXTRACTS

Relevance. Today, interest in the use of natural medicinal substances, medicinal products created on their basis and corresponding dosage forms continues to develop. This interest is associated with the unique properties of various phytocompositions, as well as with the intensive development of such classical sciences as biology, chemistry, and pharmacology. An urgent task is the development and introduction into production of original do-mestic dosage forms for external use, created on the basis of medicinal plant raw materials, which will solve the issues of successful pharmacother-apy for a number of diseases. The purpose of our research is to develop optimal compositions of gels based on Ginkgo biloba leaves and Rhodiola rosea rhizomes with roots of thick extracts, their biopharmaceutical studies in vitro for subsequent more in-depth pharmacotechnological studies. Material and methods. The object of our research is soft dosage forms developed on the basis of thick extracts of Ginkgo biloba leaves and Rho-diola rosea rhizomes with roots. Thick extracts were obtained by condensation in a rotary vacuum evaporator), into which the extracts and an alcohol-water-glycerin mixture 1:6:3 were placed. The ratio of thick extract and solvent mixture was 1:1. Mixing was carried out with a stirrer rotating no more than 30 rpm at room temperature until the mass was completely homogenized. The release of biologically active substances was studied by direct dif-fusion into agar and gelatin gels and by equilibrium dialysis through a semipermeable membrane. Results. Studies have shown that the most complete and rapid release of the active complex of the thick extract of Rhodiola rosea occurs from the Na-CMC base (TU 9199-001-07508109-2004). The highest degree of release of the active complex of the thick extract of Ginkgo biloba is observed from the chitosan base (TU 9289-067-00472124-03 Bioprogress LLC). Conclusions. In vitro biopharmaceutical studies were carried out to determine the level of release of the studied active substances of thick extracts of Rhodiola rosea rhizomes with roots and Ginkgo biloba leaves from various gel compositions, allowing to select the optimal composition of the dos-age form.

Gendered disciplinary apparatuses and carceral domesticities in Singapore’s labour-migration regime

It is widely acknowledged that Singapore’s labour-migration regime is unequal and bifurcated, with migrants that are categorised as foreign professionals afforded many more rights than those categorised as migrant workers. While migrant construction, process, and shipyard workers are expected to reside in dormitories or other shared accommodation, migrant domestic workers are mandated to live in their employers’ homes, where their gendered bodies are confined and disciplined. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, in this article I demonstrate that Singapore’s labour-migration regime is underpinned with a carceral logic that imposes bodily controls on domestic workers through policy, legal regulations, and practices which, I argue, constitute gendered disciplinary apparatuses. Moreover, by examining migrant domestic workers’ everyday experiences, I suggest that different dwelling spaces – namely, employers’ homes and shelters – can be conceptualised as carceral domesticities. Utilised by the state as carceral infrastructure, I show the ways in which these dwelling spaces become geographies of detainment and punishment, in/through which different actors become involved in disciplining intimacy, morality, and maintaining socio-racial order in the nation. Simultaneously, the carceral nature of the labour-migration regime produces forms of domesticity which relies on the containment of migrant workers.

Morphometric approaches to Cannabis evolution and differentiation from archaeological sites: interpreting the archaeobotanical evidence from bronze age Haimenkou, Yunnan

Cannabis grains are frequently reported from archaeological sites in Asia, and hypothesized centers of origins are China and Central Asia. Chinese early cannabis remains are often interpreted as evidence of hemp fabric production, in line with early textual evidence describing ritualistic hemp cloth use and hemp cultivation as a grain crop. Modern measurements on cannabis varieties show distinct sizes between fibre or oil/fibre and psychoactive varieties, the former having larger seeds on average than the latter. This paper reviews the current macro-botanical evidence for cannabis across East, Central and South Asia and builds a comparative framework based on modern cannabis seed measurements to help identify cannabis use in the past, through the metric analysis of archaeologically preserved seeds. Over 800 grains of cannabis were retrieved from the 2008 excavation of Haimenkou, Yunnan, Southwest China, dating to between 1650 and 400 bc. These are compared with other known archaeological cannabis and interpreted through the metric framework. This offers a basis for exploration of the seed morphometrics potential to infer cannabis cultivation and diversification in uses. At Haimenkou, cannabis seeds size mostly plot in the range of overlapping psychoactive/fibre types; we therefore suggest that the cannabis assemblage from Haimenkou is indicative of a crop beginning to undergo evolution from its early domesticated form towards a diversified crop specialized for alternative uses, including larger oilseed/fibre adapted varieties.

Weaving in the Threads

Weaving in the Threads

Crafts in the Time of Coronavirus

Crafts in the Time of Coronavirus

Architectures of Coloniality

The Owens Valley Paiute, traditional caretakers of the “Land of Flowing Water,” face continued threats to their livelihood due to decades of water extraction from the region by the city of Los Angeles. The precarious state of Indigenous lands and peoples across California is entangled with historical processes supported by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) and the off-reservation boarding school system. During the first half of the twentieth century, Paiute, Mission Indian and other Indigenous youth were sent to the Sherman Institute in Riverside, the last of twenty-five boarding schools to be built and operated by the BIA. Accompanying its Mission Revival style façade and the associated narratives of racial uplift, the school aimed to distance students from tribal affiliations, teaching them Anglo, heteropatriarchal forms of domesticity, and training them to become wage laborers in the farming, construction, and domestic service trades. After graduation, many students were employed by the federal government to convert tribal lands to agricultural plots and private property, while many others found low-wage, unskilled positions in the building and maintenance of Southern California’s expanding metropolis. This paper investigates the role of the Sherman Institute in the exploitation of Indigenous lands and labor for regional development, and therefore, the production of racialized precarity for Indigenous peoples. By engaging with Indigenous epistemologies, the paper works to stretch the limits of history/theory, to expose systems of confinement for their racialized underpinnings, and to introduce more fluid conceptions of land, property, and personhood.

Crop cultivation in the Talayotic settlement of Son Fornés (Mallorca, Spain): agricultural practices on the western Mediterranean islands in the first millennium bce

The Balearic Islands were colonised around the transition from the Chalcolithic to the Bronze Age, not earlier than 2300 cal bce and certainly much later than any central or eastern Mediterranean islands. The number of archaeobotanical records is low and consists mainly of cereals and a few pulses. We present here new results of our long-term study of Son Fornés, an archaeological site on Mallorca which was occupied since the beginning of the Iron Age Talayotic period (~ 850 cal bce) and until Roman times (123 bce onwards), in the Balearic Islands. In the Talayotic period of Son Fornés Hordeum vulgare var. vulgare (hulled barley) and Triticum aestivum/durum/turgidum (free-threshing wheat) were the main cereals grown and Vicia faba (broad bean) was the main pulse, while Avena sp. (oats) is considered to have been a weed but was nonetheless consumed and was probably in an early phase of being domesticated. For the subsequent post-Talayotic (ca. 550 − 250 bce), Classic I and Classic II, the Republican Roman occupation period (from 123 bce onwards) the databases are weak, displaying hulled barley as the main crop and broad bean as the main pulse. The archaeobotanical records of Ficus carica (fig), Olea europaea (olive) and Vitis vinifera (grapevine) represent wild or cultivated and domesticated forms. Prunus dulcis (almond) and Pinus pinea (stone pine) were found on Eivissa (Ibiza), pointing to a Phoenician introduction to the islands, while Phoenix dactylifera (date palm) and Castanea sativa (chestnut), found on Menorca, might have been brought in by the Romans. The number of crops being used on the Balearic Islands was limited when compared to sites of similar periods on the European mainland or the central and eastern Mediterranean islands. According to carbon isotope results of Δ13C, hulled barley grew under damper conditions than free-threshing wheat. The high δ15N values indicated that both crops were well-manured with animal dung during the entire occupation period.