Foreign Trade Activities Research Articles

ІНСТИТУЦІЙНІ ПАРАМЕТРИ ЗОВНІШНЬОТОРГОВЕЛЬНИХ ВІДНОСИН УКРАЇНИ В ПЕРІОД НЕПУ

Стаття присвячена дослідженню інституційних умов і чинників розвитку зовнішньої торгівлі України у міжвоєнний період. Виявлено характерні риси механізму державного регулювання вітчизняної зовнішньоторговельної діяльності у період воєнного комунізму. Охарактеризовано рівень включення України до системи міжнародних торговельних зв’язків у період нової економічної політики (НЕП). Обґрунтовано нормативно-правове забезпечення та специфіку впровадження радянського механізму державної монополії зовнішньої торгівлі 20-х рр. ХХ ст. Проаналізовано ієрархічну структуру та функціональне скерування державних органів управління та реалізації зовнішньої торгівлі СРСР, зокрема, Народного комісаріату зовнішньої торгівлі. Розкрито роль змішаних акціонерних товариств та державних монополістичних об’єднань (трестів та синдикатів) в інтенсифікації та розширені зовнішньоторговельної діяльності України. Визначено особливості впровадження механізму комерційної концесії в СРСР як спроби залучення іноземного капіталу до сфери вітчизняної зовнішньої торгівлі. Акцентовано увагу на специфіці регулювання та організації зовнішньоторговельних відносин союзних республік, зокрема, України, в рамках єдиного інституційного механізму СРСР. Охарактеризовано систему методів та інструментів митно-тарифного регулювання радянським урядом вітчизняної зовнішньоторговельної діяльності. Проаналізовано особливості митних тарифів СРСР, прийнятих протягом 20-х рр. ХХ ст. Висвітлено рівень експортно-імпортного обкладання основних груп товарів. Виявлено специфікупрактики використання транзитного мита на території України. Визначено чинники, параметри та масштаби розвитку на українських кордонах контрабанди як тіньового сегменту вітчизняної експортно-імпортної діяльності. Обґрунтовано напрями та методи боротьби радянського уряду з контрабандним бізнесом.

Support for regional export activities (cases of regions leaders in growth of export quota)

Foreign trade activity has a strong influence on the socio-economic development of the country. In turn, each of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation contributes, in accordance with the specifics of its location, existing on the territory of the natural resource potential. Due to the fact that the role of the regions in the implementation of the development strategy of the country’s foreign trade is increasing, it is necessary to investigate the problems of foreign trade regulation in order to achieve the required results. To assess the effectiveness of foreign policy conducted, the ranking of all Russian regions for 2010 – 2016 was carried out. in terms of the openness of the economy and the contribution of exports to the size of the gross regional product is estimated. The study analyzed the export activities of the leading regions in the growth of export quotas. Existing measures of state support of foreign trade in the Republic of Buryatia, Magadan region, Kamchatka, Primorsky and Khabarovsk Krai, Orenburg, Rostov, Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Murmansk and Kemerovo regions are considered. The article discusses the impact of government measures to support exports on regional development and suggests ways to adjust them. The study is based on general scientific methods of comparison, analysis and synthesis. As an information base, we used statistical data from state statistical bodies, a strategy for the socio-economic development of regions, and official data from the sites of regional state executive bodies.

Influence of sanctions on foreign trade of Russia

After the countries of the EU and the USA introduced sanctions against the Russian Federation in 2014, the topic of influence on the state by other states or international organizations became the focus of attention of both Russian and foreign researchers. For Russian scientists, the topic of sanctions has acquired particular relevance, since they are at the epicenter of both the sanctions and the response measures that followed. The article presents the history of the development of measures of influence on the state by international organizations or other states, the history of studies of the effectiveness of sanctions measures in the entire history of their application is considered. Currently, theRussian Federationis under the sanctions imposed by theUnited Statesand the EU, which, in response to these measures, responded by introducing an import substitution policy. Considering the entire history of the gradual increase in the sanctions list, the state in the field of foreign trade should also detect increasing signs of pressure that would be reflected in indicators of incorporation into world trade. The author makes a hypothesis about the weak impact of sanctions on the state as a whole, and, in particular, on foreign trade. To confirm this hypothesis, the dynamics of the main indicators of foreign trade activity during 2013–2017 is considered. and a change in the commodity structure of exports and imports. The study is based on data from the Federal State Statistics Service, using methods of economic and statistical analysis and comparison of indicators, which allowed to show the degree of impact of sanctions on the main indicators of foreign economic activity. Following the consideration of official statistics, expert opinions on the implementation of planned indicators of the import substitution policy, it is possible to confirm the hypothesis of the weak effect of sanctions on foreign trade.

Risks Related to Foreign Trade Activities and Their Mininmization When Entering into a Foreign Trade Contract

The access of Russian companies to foreign markets is associated with the introduction of a risk-based approach to foreign trade management. In this article, the authors aim to build an algorithm of the actions of companies to identify, evaluate and select methods of risk management in foreign trade transactions, to specify their scope and to justify practical solutions for their prevention and minimization under foreign trade contracts and contractual work. To solve this problem, the authors use theoretical and methodological advances in the theory of risks, contract theory, risk management standards, as well as the practice of export operations of Russian companies. The results of the study include specific proposals for managing risks arising on the part of a foreign counterparty, a home country and a country of expansion of Russian enterprises, as well as the risks encountered in the process of interaction with the bodies, regulating foreign trade transactions.

Policy of Foreign Economic Openness in the People’s Republic of China: Main Results and Prospects

The People’s Republic of China marks in December 2018 the 40th anniversary of the economic reform start. Its integral part was external economic openness of the country which replaced former Mao Zedong’s policy of autarky. The article deals with the main achievements of China’s foreign trade in goods and services and cross-border investment cooperation of the country during reform period. Shortcomings and problems in these spheres are shown. The article analyzes the formation of the second stage of foreign economic openness in China, which is associated primarily with the initiative to build land and sea “silk roads” and with the creation of a number of experimental free trade zones in the country. The possible prospects of further development of China’s foreign economic relations, taking into account various internal and external factors, are analyzed. Briefly summing up the results of China’s foreign economic openness policy in the years of reform, we can say that it has played a crucial and irreplaceable role in the modernization of the country and its transformation into one of the leading powers in the world, in absorbing norms and rules of the world market. China has become one of the world leaders in terms of trade, attracting foreign investment and investing abroad. Beijing has adapted itself well to the process of globalization of the world economy and has become one of its main beneficiaries. China’s official position is currently distinguished by its commitment to globalization, resistance to protectionism, and support of active economic cooperation in all areas. This position is quite natural, since foreign economic relations will remain one of the leading factors in China’s development for the foreseeable future. On the way to achieving the goal proclaimed by Beijing – to turn the country from a “big” trading power into a “powerful” – China has much to do in order to overcome the weaknesses revealed in its foreign trade and foreign economic relations in general, and also to take more fully into account the often fair claims and demands of its trade and economic partners. Beijing is working hard on a strategy for further development of foreign economic relations. Particular importance is attached to the formation of a wider network of trading partners along the routes of land and sea “silk roads”. It is necessary to significantly increase the share of China’s Western territories in country‘s foreign trade and investment activities abroad. Beijing is planning to form a group of multinational companies with Chinese capital, which have high international competitiveness. The development of products with high value added, the struggle for the high prestige of goods of famous Chinese brands, the search for new ways of trade in services and goods, the formation of new interstate free trade zones will be continued. In practical terms, one of the most important steps is the formation of pilot free trade zones in China itself. They are designed to work out the transfer of China’s foreign trade and investment activities to advanced international standards, to prepare further opening of the Chinese market (including financial, social, educational services) for foreign investors.

Counteraction to violations in the foreign trade activity in the system of competitiveness of the enterprises

Counteraction to violations in the foreign trade activity in the system of competitiveness of the enterprises

INVESTOR ASING DAN RETURN PASAR: APAKAH INVESTOR ASING MENDESTABILIZE BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of the presence of foreign investors on market returns on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. To see the impact of foreign investor trading activities, this study proposes three hypotheses that will be proven. The first hypothesis is that foreign investors will increase portfolio diversification or the so-called base-broadening hypothesis. The second hypothesis is that foreign investors will cause price pressures on stocks or the price pressure hypothesis. The third hypothesis is that foreign investors use certain strategies in their trading, namely the feedback trading strategy. Of the 401 companies selected 32 companies as samples. Furthermore, from the three hypotheses proposed, the only proven hypothesis is the price pressure. Thus, foreign investors can cause destabilize prices on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The destabilize implication is that investors are possible to use negative feedback trading strategies to make a profit. Keywords: base-broadening, price pressure, feedback trading

Обрабатывающие производства России: санкции, импортозамещение

В статье анализируется современное состояние обрабатывающих производств России в условиях санкций, вызвавших проблему импортозамещения. Рассмотрены показатели состояния и развития обрабатывающих отраслей, характеризующих масштабы и качество производства, а также факторы производства (труд и капитал) и внешнеторговой деятельности – результаты импортозамещения как политики повышения конкурентоспособности российской продукции с целью продвижения ее на мировой рынок. Делается вывод о том, что, хотя государство официально взяло курс на создание цифровой экономики и на прорыв в экспорте наукоёмкой и высокотехнологичной продукции, в реальности технико-технологическое развитие страны в условиях импортозамещения не ускорилось. Анализ можно расценивать как некий мониторинг экономических преобразований в России, вызванных санкциями и импортозамещением.

Динаміка та структура зовнішньої торгівлі Радянської України у міжвоєнний період

The article is devoted to the historical and economic research of the dynamics and structure of Soviet Ukraine’s foreign trade activities in the 1920–1930’s. A large decrease in the intensity of Ukraine’s foreign trade during the period of «war communism» is revealed. The dynamics and structural changes of the domestic export-import flows by the Black Sea-Azov ports and land customs in the early 1920’s are characterized. In particular, the commodity structure of Ukraine’s foreign trade is analyzed, and the domination of its agrarian and raw nature components is revealed. The basic geographical directions of domestic freight flows are revealed. The intensity of Ukraine’s foreign trade operations during the NEP is investigated. The dominant role of Odessa and Nikolaev ports, as well as Shepetivska land customs house in domestic export and import trade is revealed. The structure of freight flows from the Ukrainian territory is analyzed. It is revealed that the main export items were grain, crop and livestock products, ores, wood and others. It was found out that the geographical structure of domestic foreign trade was limited to the countries of Western Europe at the stage of the new economic policy. Raw materials and food were exported there, and machinery, equipment and consumer goods were imported. The changes in physical volumes of Soviet Ukraine’s exports and imports during the first and second five year periods are characterized. The author emphasizes the diversified nature of the domestic export-import flows, while the dominant role of agricultural products and raw materials was preserved. Extension of geographical directions of domestic foreign trade ties is pointed out. It is proved that the absence of own statehood and the monopolization of the foreign trade by the Soviet government were important factors limiting the development of domestic economic potential.

Austria as a Foreign Trading Partner of the Soviet Ukraine in the Early 1920s

The article reveals the circumstances under which trade relations between the Austrian Republic and the Ukrainian SSR were established in the early 1920s. The contractual and legal framework, organizational forms of commercial activity of the Ukrainian SSR in Austria are clarified. The author introduces the activities of Ukrainian trade representatives in Austria, namely S. Derevenskyi and Zuckerman. The organizational and staff structure of the trade mission of the Ukrainian SSR in the Austrian Republic is provided. The role of the trade mission of the Ukrainian SSR in Vienna in foreign trade activity of the Ukrainian SSR is revealed. The place of the Austrian market in export-import operations of the Ukrainian SSR is highlighted. The transit value of Austria and the Danube in the trade of the Ukrainian SSR with the countries of Central and South-Eastern Europe is indicated. The monetary equivalent indicates the volume of export-import operations and their subject. «The Ukrainian aspect» of the USSR trade mission’s activities in the Austrian Republic in 1923–1924 is noted. It was emphasized that the establishment of mixed Austrian-Ukrainian partnerships was important in trade with Austria. Among the Ukrainian goods exported to Austria were horsehair, soda, leather, guts, hair, medicinal herbs. Sickles, scythes, light bulbs, stationery (paper, pencils), typewriters, microscopes, automobiles, cigarettes and books were imported from Austria. It is proved that in establishing trade relations with Austria, the Council of People’s Commissars of the Ukrainian SSR (Radnarkom) counted on mutual interest, relative territorial proximity, ancient Ukrainian-Austrian historical ties, which dated back to the time of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. The establishment of trade relations between Austria and Ukraine was facilitated by the decision of the leadership of the Ukrainian Ministry of Foreign Trade, according to which Austria was referred to as a country ‘important for Ukraine’. Keywords: export, import, golden karbovanets, koruna, market, goods, trade mission, trade representative.

ЧЕХОСЛОВАЧЧИНА В ЗОВНІШНІЙ ТОРГІВЛІ УСРР (ПОЧАТОК 1920-х РОКІВ)

The article describes the circumstances under which the Soviet Ukraine established trade relations with Czechoslovakian Republic in the early 1920’s. The analysis of historiography of this scientific problem recovered the absence of the researches in modern Ukrainian historical science on the relations between Czechoslovakia and Soviet Ukraine in the early 1920’s. It’s established that the source database, including archival documents, allows a comprehensive answer to the task in the study. The contractual legal framework, organizational forms of trade activities of the Soviet Ukraine in Czechoslovakia have been clarified. It is stated that the inability to compete with the Germans in the Russian market caused the Czechoslovakians’ great interest in the Ukrainian market. There was a positive experience of Czechoslovakian-Ukrainian economic relations even before the First World War, which was to guarantee the resumption of trade relations between the countries in the early 1920s. This had been facilitated by shipping on the Danube to the Black Sea. 'Trade Representative Office' considered the logistics of trade (demanded goods, ways of delivery, placement of warehouses, sanitary and technical control). Persons of sales representatives were established (Y. Novakovsky, M. Lomovsky, I. Girsa, V. Benesh). The role of the Soviet Ukraine 'Trade Representative Office' in Prague in the foreign trade activities of the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic is revealed. The place of the Czechoslovakian market in the export and import operations of Soviet Ukraine has been determined. The interest of Czechoslovakian traders in Ukrainian raw materials, namely flax, hemp, wool and leather was noted. It is stated that the trade representatives of the Soviet Ukraine were exploring the possibility of selling other raw materials on the Czechoslovakian market, namely iron ore, coal, etc. It is found that the trading company has purchased in large quantities flour (wheat, rye), sugar (refinement, sand) and cereals (wheat, barley, rye, peas, oats). The Czechoslovakian traders and entrepreneurs were particularly interested in forming «mixed partnerships» with the Ukrainians (supplying railway equipment, making file sheets, production of medicines, glass and porcelain). Czechoslovakians also sought to obtain a concession for tractor cultivation of lands in Ukraine. At the same time, participation in the Ukrainian-Czechoslovakian trade «Vokoopspilka» was revealed. The participation of the Soviet Ukraine at the Prague International Exhibition in 1922 was covered, which became its first participation in international exhibitions.

МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ВПЛИВУ ТОРГІВЛІ З ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКИМ РЕГІОНОМ НА ВВП УКРАЇНИ ЗАСОБАМИ КОРЕЛЯЦІЙНО-РЕГРЕСІЙНОГО АНАЛІЗУ

Introduction. In today’s world of globalization of economic activity and liberalization of inter-regional and intra-regional trade, development and definition of promising directions of foreign trade relations, expansion of markets and diversification of sources of supply are of the utmost importance for most countries. For Ukraine, intra-regional cooperation remains one of the most promising and important areas of foreign trade relations. This is confirmed by the fact that exports of goods and services in 2018 European countries amounted to $ 26411.02 million or 55.7% of total exports. Imports of goods and services in 2018 from European countries amounted to $ 37056.07 million or 65% of total imports. Despite the fact that absolute export and import indicators in 2018 show a negative trend in view of the prolonged volatile political situation in the country, relative indicators continue to grow after the sharp decline of 2015 and are almost at the same level as before the war period. As a result, foreign trade relations with European countries are of great importance for Ukraine, contributing to the need for a thorough study, given the current trends in regional economic development. Purpose. Тo determine the effect of trade volumes with the countries of the European region on the GDP of Ukraine using correlation-regression analysis. Results. In the course of expansion of world integration processes, far-reaching directions of research are elaboration of attractive directions of foreign trade activity of Ukraine within the framework of intra-regional trade activity. The correlation-regression analysis showed that France is the most attractive country for selling Ukrainian products, because if export increases by 1% of Ukraine’s GDP it will grow by 1.12%. With increased exports to countries such as Germany, the United Kingdom and Russia, GDP fluctuations will be small but positive. Despite the geographical neighborhood with Poland, increasing exports to the country will help to reduce GDP by 0.2%. However, it we have on increase in imports of goods from Poland, Ukraine’s GDP will increase by 0.65%. A slight increase in imports are goods from Russia and Germany implies a slight increas e in GDP of Ukraine. Originary. Despite the considerable amount of work of both foreign and domestic scientists on this issue, it should be noted that the issues of impact of trade relations of Ukraine with the countries of the region on the domestic economy and GDP are still poorly understood. Conclusions. In the article it is proved that for the study of impact of trade of Ukraine with the countries of the region on the general level of economic development it is efficient to use multifactor econometric models. The results show that Ukraine’s GDP is significantly dependent on the dynamics of intra-regional trade in the European region. This is explained by the fact that a significant share of export-import operations in the total volume of international trade of Ukraine falls precisely in the countries of this region. Close interaction within the European region, relative proximity to domestic markets impact the need to intensify Ukraine’s foreign economic relations with European countries, provided that targeted trade policy is improved.

Контрольовані операції у сфері зовнішньоекономічної діяльності: сучасний стан оподаткування та облікового забезпечення

Контрольовані операції у сфері зовнішньоекономічної діяльності: сучасний стан оподаткування та облікового забезпечення

ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ТА СТРУКТУРА ІМПОРТУ АГРАРНО-ПРОДОВОЛЬЧОЇ ПРОДУКЦІЇ

ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ТА СТРУКТУРА ІМПОРТУ АГРАРНО-ПРОДОВОЛЬЧОЇ ПРОДУКЦІЇ

Price regulation of agrarian markets in the context of food security in Ukraine

The article deals with the problems of price regulation of the agrarian markets in the context of food security in Ukraine. The seasonal dynamics of the indexes on the consumer prices for the agricultural products are analyzed. The influence of the factors of foreign trade activity of Ukraine on the state of prices on the domestic market is determined. The conclusion on the need for increasing the state regulation of prices for agricultural products in Ukraine is made. The analysis of influence of the dynamics in the volumes of the export and import on the fluctuations of prices for agricultural products on the domestic market is carried out.

Направление «таможенный аудит»: внедрение в целях развития электронной таможни

Development of electronic customs is currently a relevant area of work for both the Eurasian Economic Commission and the Federal Customs Service (FCS) of Russia. It relates to the introduction of a “single window” mechanism, one of the blocks of which is electronic customs. The need of customs audit implementation in the work of customs services in the EAEU countries emphasizes its development being part of the block of electronic customs. However, the introduction of customs audit is restrained by uncertainty in its understanding. The article analyses the existing customs audit application practice for customs control of goods abroad. It is determined that in all researched countries customs audit is understood as a form of customs control. In the study, the authors develop possible approaches to implementation of customs audit in the activities of the Russian Federal Customs Service, namely a form of customs control (based on the experience of foreign countries), a subject type of business activity, and a special type of state control. Possible negative consequences of customs audit introduction in each case are analyzed. In addition, the authors prove that introducing a new form of customs control (customs audit) would be inexpedient. The results of the experiment on customs audit application conducted by the FCS of Russia are also analyzed in the article. The analysis reveals a lack of considerable positive results confirming the validity of introduction of customs audit as a business activity. The authors establish that the best decision at the moment would be the creation of a separate public authority engaged in customs audit. This would allow the workload of customs authorities in goods post-clearance control to be redistributed, and would ensure a wide use of authentic audit reports made by officials in categorizing the participants of foreign trade activities and granting them various simplifications and preferences. It would also expand the necessary cooperation between authorities and participants of foreign trade activities, realizing the principles of the single window system, and could eventually help replace the desk customs inspection.

ІТАЛІЯ В ЗОВНІШНІЙ ТОРГІВЛІ УСРР (ПОЧАТОК 1920-х РОКІВ)

The circumstances under which the Soviet Ukraine established trade relations with the Kingdom of Italy in the early 1920s are revealed. The contractual basis, organizational forms of trade activity of Soviet Ukraine in Italy have been clarified. Persons of sales representatives were established (V. Vorovskyi, A. Feinstein). The role of the Ukrainian SSR Trade Representation in Rome in the foreign trade activities of Soviet Ukraine is revealed. The place of the Italian market in export and import operations of Soviet Ukraine has been determined. After studying national historiography, it was found that the trade relations of the Ukrainian SSR in the early 1920s with the Kingdom of Italy were not the subject of scientific study in contemporary Ukrainian historians. In turn, it was found that in trying to forge trade relations with Italy, the Ukrainian adviser noted that she sought to rebuild the international influence, lost after the First World War through Great Britain and France. It was informed that after the conclusion of the Preliminary Trade Agreement on December 26, 1921, Soviet Ukraine and Italy exchanged trade representatives. The duties of Soviet Ukraine’s sales representative in Italy were first performed by Russian Trade Representative V. Vorovskyi and then by Russian Trade Representative A. Feinstein. There were 5 people employed in the Ukrainian SSR’s sales office in Italy. They thoroughly explored the Italian markets (Genoa, Milan, Roman). The article shows the interest of Italian traders in Ukrainian timber, coal, scrap metal, linen cake. It is noted that the sales representatives of Soviet Ukraine initially studied the possibility of selling on the Italian market of guts, skin, horse hair, wool. They then explored the possibility of selling cattle, wheat, barley, corn, caustic soda and soda ash. It was noted that together with Russian and Italian traders the Russian-Italian Trading Company was created, which had the task not only for export-import of goods, but also for obtaining concessions by the Italian entrepreneurs in Ukraine. It has been reported that Italian workers sent food aid (sowing grain) to Ukraine for the money raised.

Türkiye’de Yüksek Öğretim Mezunlarının Ülkenin Dış Ticaretine Etkisi: Eş Bütünleşme ve Nedensellik Analizi

Bir ülkenin gelişmesinde ve kalkınmasında önemli etkisi bulunan yükseköğretim kurumlarının hem nitelik hem de nicelik olarak geliştirilmesi büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bu sayede eğitimli gençlerin yetiştirilmesi mümkün olacak ve bu eğitimli gençler çalışma hayatına katılarak ülke kalkınmasına katkıda bulunabileceklerdir. 1971-2014 yıllar itibarıyla Türkiye’nin yükseköğretim yapısında meydana gelen gelişmelerin değerlendirildiği ve Yükseköğretim kurumlarından mezun olan gençlerin ülkenin dış ticaret faaliyetleri ve dış ticaret gelirleri üzerindeki etkilerinin Eş Bütünleşme ve Nedensellik Analizi ile incelendiği bu çalışmada, özellikle Türkiye’de üniversiteden mezun olan gençlerin sayısının, ülkenin dış ticaret gelirlerini hangi oranda etkilediği üzerinde durulmuş ve üniversite mezunlarındaki % 1’lik artışın ihracatı % 1.41 oranında artırdığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Foreign trade activities, investments and economic cooperation with external partners of Cambodia from 1993 to 2013

This study helps to clarify key governmental policies, analyzes the developmental manifestations of foreign trade, investment and economic cooperation in Cambodia from 1993 to 2013, with two phases (1993 - 2002) and (2003 - 2013). Although the size, level and structure of these sectors were different in each stage of development, but trade in Cambodia from 1993 to 2013 continued to grow by increasing exportation; attraction and and approach of investment were openly regulated; economic cooperation developed by maintaining and developing traditional cooperation, and expanding global partnerships, which was strongly influenced by China.

Georgia in the World Merchandise Trade: Main Trends and Problems of Development

Abstract Foreign trade is the main factor in the country's integration into the world economic system. It promotes the socio-economic development of states, especially developing countries. After the restoration of state independence, Georgia actively cooperates with different countries within the framework of bilateral and multilateral agreements. Its foreign trade activity is based on a high level of openness of the economy and liberal policy, features of the market economy and new vectors of development. Georgia has been a member of the World Trade Organization since 2000 and has one of the most liberal and competitive trade regimes across the world. Georgia's foreign trade turnover has a cyclical growth pattern with a combination of periods of its fall. Over the entire post-Soviet period, the country has a negative trade balance and a high dependence on imports. Export characterizes a high degree of concentration of geographical structure and low level of diversification. The article analyzes the current state of Georgia's foreign trade, shows the main indicators of the country's foreign trade for the period of 1994-2014, and examines the main trends in its development and the importance of export diversification to improve the efficiency of foreign trade.