Foreign Tourist Expenditure Research Articles

Calculating the Individual Expenses of Foreign Tourists in West Nusa Tenggara

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to investigate local tourism demand, specifically in West Nusa Tenggara Province. Unlike other studies that focus on the number of tourists who arrive, this article seeks to delve deeper into individual foreign tourist expenditures in West Nusa Tenggara. Method: Using qualitative research methods and a questionnaire as a tool. This study is involving 50 respondents using a random sampling technique. Result: The author discovers that visitor spending may be divided into various categories, including hotels, food and beverages, souvenirs, travel agencies, and local transportation. In addition, foreign visitors' spending in NTB ranges from IDR 250 thousand to IDR 125 million per trip. The average cost per person in Indonesia is IDR 5 million. The lowest daily spend per person is IDR 9,400, while the highest is IDR 11 million. Contribution: This study provides information on the actual spending of individual foreign tourists considering that the data available at institutions such as the Central Statistics Agency or the local Tourism Office has not been able to provide the latest data.

“The Golden billion” of tourism: ecological and economical limits study

In the article, based on the analysis of statistical indicators of the world and national tourism (in 112 countries), studying tourists impact on the destinations natural environment, the change in the indicator of average expenditures of a foreign tourist in the period 1995 - 2022 is assessed, its values are correlated with the dynamics of national inflation and fluctuations in the exchange rates of national currencies at the current moment considering temporary lags. An assumption is made regarding the limit value of one billion international tourist trips per year as a condition for economies of scale in the global tourism industry, a time lag of one year is determined as a condition for the impact of national inflation on the amount of foreign tourist expenditures, and the insignificance of the impact of the national currency exchange rate on the dynamics of tourism expenditures is substantiated.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE EXPENDITURE OF FOREIGN TOURISTS THE EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA

ABSTRACTTourist expenditure could determine the probability obtained by the country, which willaffect economic activities. This study examines the Length of stay, Accommodation, Travel Purpose,and Occupation that affect foreign tourist expenditure in Indonesia. The study uses secondary datafrom the Indonesia Ministry of Tourism from the year 2013 – 2016 of 34 countries with 136 totalsamplings. This study using quantitative research. Analysis of the data collected using multipleregression. The hypothesis testing analysis method uses the T-test, F-test, and coefficient ofdetermination (R2). This study says that all variables (Length of stay, accommodation, travelpurpose, and occupation) have a significant effect on daily tourist expenditure partially andsimultaneously; hence, Length of stay has a negative effect. The simultaneous effect was 58%,and 42% are affected by other variables.Keywords: Foreign Tourist Expenditure, Length of stay, accommodation, travel purpose,occupation

Modelling tourist expenditure at origin and destination

This article proposes a model of foreign tourist expenditure, based on expenditure in the country of origin (i.e. reservation of accommodation and transport) and on goods and services at the destination. The study focuses on two measures reflecting the two types of expenditure: the tourist budget share and the difference in growth rates between expenditure at origin and at destination. The random nature of each of these variables is taken into account. The tourist budget share is determined using a fractional response model, based on the beta distribution. This approach allows us to accommodate certain aspects of the empirical budget share distribution, such as skewness, and to represent the results as bounded between 0 and 1, but also to include covariates. The empirical analysis was conducted using data obtained by the Canary Islands Tourist Expenditure Survey, focusing on German and British tourists in particular. The results obtained show that the fractional regression model proposed represents the behaviour of the relevant variables reasonably well and surpasses the performance of the linear regression model.

Promotion and Economic Impact of Foreign Tourism

This study discusses the economic power and international fame of the Autonomous Community of Andalusia’s tourist sector. A review of the economics literature justifies our measurement of tourism’s economic impact on the tourist sector. The main contribution is an estimation of foreign tourist expenditure in Andalusia, the main Spanish tourist destination per number of overnights. Drawing on this estimate, the input–output methodology is applied to determine the global impact of this expenditure on the region. The study differentiates the three types of tourism of the region: coast, urban interior and rural interior.

Analysis of Determinants The Foreign Exchange Earnings of Tourism Sector In Indonesia

This research aims to analyze determinants of the number of foreign tourist, average foreign tourist expenditure, average length of stay foreign tourist, and dollar exchange rate against rupiah on foreign exchange earnings of tourism sector in Indonesia 2009 – 2013 periods. The data is secondary from Indonesia Statistical Agency, Bank of Indonesia, Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy, articles, journal, and result of previous researches. This research uses panel data regression analysis. The result shows that the number of foreign tourist, average foreign tourist expenditure, average length of stay foreign tourist and dollar exchange rate against rupiah are giving positive effect on foreign exchange earnings of tourism sector in Indonesia 2009 – 2013 periods. Average length of stay foreign tourist is a variable that mostly affecting on open foreign exchange earnings in Indonesia 2009 – 2013 periods. Based on the result, the government is targeting foreign tourist arrivals to Indonesia for foreign tourists bringing foreign currency so that the rupiah demand will rise and increase tourism foreign exchange. Government, investors and communities leveraging existing infrastructure so that the average length of stay of foreign tourists continues to increase so Enhancing tourism foreign exchange. Stability of rupiah should always be maintained.

Analysis of Determinants the Foreign Exchange Earnings of Tourism Sector in Indonesia

This research aims to analyze determinants of the number of foreign tourist, average foreign tourist expenditure, average length of stay foreign tourist, and dollar exchange rate against rupiah on foreign exchange earnings of tourism sector in Indonesia 2009 – 2013 periods. The data is secondary from Indonesia Statistical Agency, Bank of Indonesia, Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy, articles, journal, and result of previous researches. This research uses panel data regression analysis. The result shows that the number of foreign tourist, average foreign tourist expenditure, average length of stay foreign tourist and dollar exchange rate against rupiah are giving positive effect on foreign exchange earnings of tourism sector in Indonesia 2009 – 2013 periods. Average length of stay foreign tourist is a variable that mostly affecting on open foreign exchange earnings in Indonesia 2009 – 2013 periods. Based on the result, the government is targeting foreign tourist arrivals to Indonesia for foreign tourists bringing foreign currency so that the rupiah demand will rise and increase tourism foreign exchange. Government, investors and communities leveraging existing infrastructure so that the average length of stay of foreign tourists continues to increase so Enhancing tourism foreign exchange. Stability of rupiah should always be maintained.

Employment generation in tourism industry: an input–output analysis

Tourism sector is now considered as a harbinger of inclusive growth, especially after recognising its potential in generating employment (both directly and indirectly). Indian tourism industry contributes around 7.5 per cent towards employment. This paper aims at analysing the role of tourism industry in generating employment. Input–output method has been used to derive the employment multiplier and hence through this we endeavour to estimate the employment generated in tourism sector as a result of one additional unit of foreign tourist expenditures. Our results reveal that foreign tourist expenditure has a positive impact on the tourism sector by boosting employment generation both directly and indirectly. Based on the results obtained, this paper bears various policy implications.

Low Cost Carriers and Foreign Tourism Inflows: a Cointegrated VAR Analysis for Italy

This paper seeks to quantify the impact of the expansion of LCC on foreign tourism trends in Italy. We rely on a novel data set on the seats on flights by low cost carriers between foreign destinations and each Italian airport. Cointegrated vector autoregressive models are estimated for both Italy and its main geographical areas. A single equilibrium relation is uncovered, relating the level of LCC travel supply to the dynamics of the global business cycle, of relative consumer prices and of foreign tourist expenditure. According to our structural impulse response analysis, a positive shock to LCC travel supply determines an increase in Italy both for foreign tourist expenditure and for arrivals. The estimated response for per capita expenditure is positive at national level, but negative for two of the four macro regions. These findings suggest that focusing on arrival statistics may provide a partial view of the impact of LCC supply policies.

Climate Change and Its Impact on Tourism in the Manaslu Conservation Area, Nepal

The Hindukush Himalayan region including Nepal, a country reliant on tourism, is particularly sensitive to climate change. However, there are considerable gaps in research regarding tourism and climate change in Nepal. The present research assesses the impact of climate change on tourism in the Manaslu Conservation Area of Nepal. Seventy-six households were interviewed followed by three focus group discussions and five key informant interviews. The empirical data collected at the site are complemented by secondary information on climate and tourism. Local people perceived that temperature and rainfall have been increasing in the study site as a result of climate change. In response to gradually warming temperature and decreasing snowfall, there seems an urgent need for tourism promotional activities in the study area. This would spread the tourist base and increase foreign tourist expenditure in Nepal.

Tourism in Poland following EU entry

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine how tourism developed in Poland following EU entry. A particularly large increase in local government spending on tourism and foreign tourist expenditures have been observed for the study period in Poland. An increase in passenger volume at Polish airports has also been observed. Among the many factors influencing the situation in the domestic tourism market, regulations relating to EU entry and the inflow of grants from the EU were of leading importance. At the same time, Poland’s entry into the EU may accelerate some change processes, the effects of which may be observed in the future.

Assessing the importance of international tourism for the Turkish economy: A social accounting matrix analysis

The international tourism sector has grown rapidly in Turkey since the 1980s and Turkey ranks among the top ten countries in terms of tourist arrivals and receipts. Previous studies on international tourism in Turkey are partial equilibrium studies which emphasized the importance of the sector for foreign exchange earnings, employment creation, and economic growth. The social accounting matrix (SAM) modeling approach is superior to partial equilibrium analysis as it takes into account intersectoral linkages. This paper analyzes the contribution of international tourism to the Turkish economy using two SAMs for 1996 and 2002, respectively. Two analyses are conducted using the SAM impact model: (i) sectoral comparison of GDP elasticities, and (ii) SAM impact analysis of international tourism on output, value-added, and employment. The results show that the GDP elasticity of international tourism is relatively low and the impact of foreign tourist expenditures on domestic production, value-added (GDP), and employment in Turkey are modest. The results imply the possibility of leakage of foreign tourist expenditures out of the economy.

Forecasting Tourism-Generated Employment: The Case of Denmark

The empirical results from a forecasting competition show that the unrestricted vector autoregressive model is likely to generate the most accurate forecasts of international tourist expenditure in Denmark. This model is therefore estimated (using data for 1969–99) and is used to generate tourism expenditure forecasts for Denmark to 2010. The employment requirements (direct, indirect and induced) associated with these expenditure forecasts are then estimated using an input–output model. The forecasts of employment demands are shown across all industrial sectors, and linked to qualifications data in respect of the labour force. The major impacts of foreign tourist expenditure on employment in Denmark occur in the retail, hotel and restaurant sectors. Foreign tourist expenditure is also significantly associated with graduate employment.

Foreign Tourist Expenditures in Yugoslavia. Boris Vukonic. Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 13, no. 1, 1986, pp. 59-78. Pergamon Press, Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, New York 10523. $75 annual subscription

Foreign Tourist Expenditures in Yugoslavia. Boris Vukonic. Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 13, no. 1, 1986, pp. 59-78. Pergamon Press, Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, New York 10523. $75 annual subscription

Foreign tourist expenditures in Yugoslavia

This article examines the expenditures of foreign tourists in Yugoslavia, with particular attention to the results obtained from a survey of 1,000 foreign tourists vacationing on the Yugoslav Adriatic coast in 1983. Expenditures in relation to class, tourist destination, choice of accomodation, etc., are examined, focusing on factors which encourage tourist expenditures or can be considered as limiting growth. A content analysis technique was used to clarify the responses. This component of the study, which was essentially qualitative, was intended to provide insight into why foreign tourists in Yugoslavia buy, or fail to buy, particular goods while on vacation. The findings of this study will facilitate a better understanding of the way foreign tourists behave while on vacation in Yugoslavia. The findings will also help to create a new market strategy which could lead to more effective spending by tourists on vacation in Yugoslavia.