Foreign Publications Research Articles

BIM Technologies in Ukraine: State and Development Prospects

The work is devoted to the state and prospects for the development of BIM technologies in Ukraine. A review and analysis of domestic and foreign publications on the problem under study was carried out. The regulatory framework has been analyzed. It is argued that many problems of introducing building information modeling in the construction industry of foreign countries and, especially, Ukraine still require solutions. Several groups of specific problems associated with the implementation of BIM technologies are considered: in terms of design; in terms of construction; in terms of operation. The main activities for the successful implementation of BIM technologies in Ukraine are highlighted: combining best practices for the formation of regulations for BIM processes, taking into account international experience; a single data exchange unit for CAD integration and state coordination of this exchange; revision of existing budget standards; additional development of new cost estimates that take into account new technologies, new materials, machines and mechanisms; a unified coding system for enlarged units and structural elements of buildings in CAD systems with reference to estimate standards; unified classification of resources and services for construction in accordance with BIM technologies and harmonization with international standards; creation and maintenance of a database of regional prices for material resources; a unified open data format for transferring an information model of an object at different stages of design, construction, and operation into various software products; mandatory regulatory and financial support from the state.

Cooperation of Volodymyr Yastrebov with Foreign Periodicals

The published work is based on the results of an investigation connected with the study of the scientific heritage of the famous historian, ethnographer, archaeologist, local historian of the mid to late 19th century Volodymyr Mykolaiovych Yastrebov. His life and scientific heritage are still poorly known. In our view, this is caused with the absence of a personal archive of the scholar and the scattered nature of information about his life and activities. Therefore, a phased, detailed consideration of each specific area of V. Yastrebov’s research is crucial for conducting a comprehensive study of his life and scientific heritage. The scientist’s communication with foreign colleagues and the publication of his research materials among foreign scientists and in international periodicals are important components of V. Yastrebov’s scientific heritage and a significant stage in the scientist’s own academic path. The issue of Volodymyr Yastrebov’s collaboration with foreign academic colleagues, international publishing houses, and foreign scientific societies is considered in the article for the first time. The search for and analysis of V. Yastrebov’s published works in foreign editions have become the main focus of the submitted study. Additionally, an important task we have set for ourselves is to identify the reasons motivating the researcher to expand his scientific communication. An opportunity to publish the results of his ethnographic research despite fear of censorship and bans is one of the main reasons. Foreign publishing houses cooperating with the researcher are also identified in the article. The main problems Volodymyr Mykolaiovych has encountered in the process of such work are named, the chronological period during which the historian has scientific contacts abroad are determined, the number and content of the articles published in foreign journals are considered.

TO THE ANNIVERSARY OF VOLODYMYR MALASCHENKO

The article is dedicated to the 85th anniversary of the famous Ukrainian scientist in the field of mechanical engineering and machine dynamics, professor of the department of technical mechanics and engineering graphics of the National University "Lviv Polytechnic", doctor of technical sciences, academician of the Lifting and Transport Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Volodymyr Oleksandrovych Malashchenko. After the restoration of Ukraine's independence, Volodymyr Oleksandrovych was one of the organizers of the process of training highly qualified specialists. Many of the candidate's and doctoral dissertations were defended under his supervision or opposition, not only in mechanical engineering but also in lifting and transport machines, agriculture, printing, oil and gas engineering. He is the author of more than 600 works, including more than ten monographs, more than 100 patents, about 30 study guides (of which six are in French), and about 20 articles in foreign publications indexed by scientometric databases. Volodymyr Oleksandrovych is also the author of a complex of study guides on machine design, which are widely used in the educational process of almost all technical universities of Ukraine. He is a member of the editorial boards of the magazines "Lifting and Transport Technology", "Bulletin of NTU "KhPI", series of Engineering and CAD", a member of the program and organizational committee of the international scientific and technical conference "Problems of Quality and Durability of Gears and Mechanical Drive".

TO THE 60TH ANNIVERSARY OF USTINENKO OLEXANDR VITALIYOVYCH

The article is dedicated to the 60th anniversary of Head of The Department of Theory and Computer-Aided Design of Mechanisms and Machines of NTU "KhPI", Candidate of Technical Sciences, Oleksandr Vitalijovych Ustynenko. He is a well-known specialist of research of gears and mechanical drive. Oleksandr Vitalijovych is the author of more than 300 works, including monographs, study guides, articles in foreign publications indexed by scientometric databases. He is also the deputy chairman of the program and organizational committee of the international scientific and technical conference "Problems of Quality and Durability of Gears and Mechanical Drive", a member of the international scientific committee of the International BAPT Conference "Power Transmission" (Bulgaria) and Vice-Academician of the Academy of Technical Sciences of Ukraine

3C strategy for starting nutritional support in patients with critical conditions

Background. Protein-energy deficiency in critical conditions significantly affects the condition of patients, increasing the likelihood of infectious complications and death. It significantly increases the duration of their stay in the intensive care unit. Aim: to study the theoretical foundations for the development of a strategy for the start of nutritional support in patients with critical conditions in the intensive care unit. Materials and methods. The current domestic and foreign publications on the problem of malnutrition are analyzed. A strategy has been developed to launch nutritional support for patients with critical conditions based on evidence-based medicine. Results. The article discusses the 3C of the early onset of nutritional support in critical conditions using enteral nutrition. Timeliness implies earlier initiation of nutritional support in critical condition. The stepwise approach is to follow the algorithm of gradual recruitment of protein and energy in order to avoid repainting the patient during the first day of stay in the ICU. Specialization involves the use of hypernitrogenic mixtures with moderate caloric content, which are specially designed for patients in critical conditions. Conclusion. Our proposed strategy for starting nutritional support (timeliness, stepwise, specialization) fully follows from modern clinical recommendations and allows us to achieve better results in the treatment of patients with critical conditions in the ICU.

Chronic abdominal pain. A multidisciplinary approach in gastroenterology and psychiatry

Background. Chronic abdominal pain syndrome is one of the manifestations of gut-brain interaction disorders, which occupy a significant place among gastrointestinal pathologies, but remain insufficiently recognized in clinical practice. Centrally mediated abdominal pain syndrome (CAPS) is singled out as a specific manifestation of this disorder in modern literature. This disease encompasses a range of gastrointestinal and extra-gastrointestinal symptoms and is closely associated with psychological distress, neurological and psychiatric disorders. Given an increase in stress factors in the modern world and the constant distress of wartime in Ukraine, the diagnosis of CAPS requires from clinicians an understanding of the relationship between the central nervous system and gastrointestinal diseases at each link of the health care system. Purpose: to review publications on the pathogenesis, general principles of diagnosis and treatment of CAPS as an independent nosology in the category of the gut-brain axis disorders (GBAD), as well as to draw attention to the need for a comprehensive psychosomatic approach to the management of patients with this disease. Materials and methods. A search was made for articles covering functional gastrointestinal disorders and chronic abdominal pain in domestic and foreign publications. Twenty-five works were used for the period from 1982 to 2024. Among them, 8 % were published in Ukraine, and 92 % — abroad. The publications considered the following topics: chronic abdominal pain as such — 13 articles, diagnosis of functional disorders in the context of surgery — 3 articles, psychosomatic influence on gastrointestinal pathologies — 3 articles, neuromodulation pharmacotherapy — 2 articles, communication and psychotherapeutic strategies in the management of patients with GBAD — 4 articles. Discussion. The development of CAPS is caused by central sensitization. Due to the need to exclude organic pathology and in a long-term observation of the patient, as well as due to the association of the diagnosis with mental pathologies, a critical factor is a thorough history collection, focusing on the description of pain. Antidepressants are the basis of pharmacological therapy for CAPS, with tricyclic antidepressants play a leading role due to their pronounced analgesic effect in low doses, but selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are also important as the drugs of choice in patients with chronic pain and depressive states. The effectiveness of drug treatment is enhanced in comprehensive therapy and combination with psychotherapeutic intervention methods, which should be offered to patients as early as possible. Conclusions. CAPS as a representative of the GBAD group is a gastrointestinal pain disorder with a central determinant. Due to the growing clinical prevalence and complexity of this group of diseases, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive approach to their management based on the modern biopsychosocial model. The choice of therapy should include all the features of the occurrence and course of the disease, and psychopharmacological agents and psychotherapeutic interventions chosen should be justified and effective.

FUNCTIONS OF PROTECTION DEVICES IN THE FIRE SAFETY SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS

In this article, the goal of the research was achieved regarding the definition of regulatory requirements for fire safety of protection devices in 0.4 kV electrical wiring. This article describes the main functions of protection devices that affect the fire safety of electrical installations, identifies the possibilities of strengthening the functions of protection devices, and substantiates the approach to the formation of further research for the introduction of new functions of protection devices. The article describes the study of the development of automation of processes and the saturation of electronic and electrical equipment in industry and everyday life. Because of this, there is a high degree of increase in the risk of the emergency mode of operation of electrical conductors and the occurrence of burning and fire, which may lead to a rise in the number of accidents in the future. Analysis of Ukrainian and foreign publications shows that the direction of development of power supply systems is infrastructure: p2p market for households, electric car charging networks, demand response services, and the possibility of participation in frequency support in the network and operation in the virtual power plant mode. This will lead to a further increase in requirements for reliability, safety, and protection of power supply, in particular, an increase in the functions of protection devices. The development of digitalization, security, and cloud technologies is marked by constant growth and innovation that are aimed at increasing the efficiency and reliability of the protection of electrical networks. This article also describes some modern trends in surge protection devices as a component of low-voltage network protection devices in the fire safety system of electrical installations. Devices for the protection of low-voltage networks play an important role in ensuring the fire safety of electrical installations. Correct selection, installation, and regular maintenance of these devices significantly reduce fire risks and contribute to the facility's overall safety. Due to the rapid development of the complexity of electrical consumers and requirements for their protection, it is necessary to conduct further research on the introduction of new functions of protection devices to increase their reliability, accuracy, and safety.

Міжнародний імідж України крізь призму російської інформаційної пропаганди

Abstract. This article is devoted to the definition and analysis of the main methods of Russian information propaganda and the study of their real impact on creating a negative image of Ukraine in the international community. Analysis of the foreign press showed that the Western information space is a mixture of professional research, falsifications, propaganda, open manipulation and primitive claims. It is important to note that today there is a fairly large number of foreign publications which, while supporting the Putin regime, still consider Ukraine and Russia as inseparable objects and which almost always publish negative materials about Ukraine and its people. Such sources include some information resources of Serbia, France, Turkey, etc. Western observers can obtain more objective and truthful information from official representatives of the state, diplomats, and from influential world publications that provide high-quality analytics and expert opinions. Through the websites of organizations that provide analytical and statistical materials. Also, well-known bloggers, openly declaring their political preferences and support, can shape the opinion of some people. Among the main information methods used by Russia in the fight against Ukraine are the manipulation of history and current events, the distortion of historical facts and contemporary events, the creation of a negative identity of Ukraine in the eyes of the international public, speculation on facts, the production of fake news, etc. In general, the spread of Russian propaganda about Ukraine has a negative impact on its perception in the world. And this, in turn, can create significant obstacles to the preservation and support of Ukraine's sovereignty, as well as its international integration. To combat this phenomenon, it is important to continue to strengthen international cooperation in the field of information security and to openly highlight facts and truthful information about Ukraine. Keywords: propaganda; information space; political manipulation; falsification; negative image.

THE PROBLEM OF PEDAGOGICAL ABILITIES IN FOREIGN PSYCHOLOGY IN THE 1980S

The article discusses the problem of pedagogical abilities in psychology. Foreign publications of the 1980s on this issue are analysed. The following research areas are highlighted: abilities as conditions for the formation of teachers’ readiness for professional activity; various types of pedagogical abilities; self-efficacy as an integral characteristic of the qualities and abilities of a teacher. Theoretical and methodological foundations for developing the problem of pedagogical abilities in foreign psychology of the studied period are determined - sociological, organisational, pedagogical and psychological approaches.

The rehabilitation potential of the personality of a patient with stroke: determination of factors and components influencing the recovery

Improving the rehabilitation of patients with impaired cognitive and personal status is an urgent task, since such disorders can lead to disability and a decrease in the quality of life. These changes often occur because of acute vascular catastrophes, such as Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA). This article presents an analysis of native and foreign publications devoted to the study of emotional disorders in the early recovery period after stroke. The authors aim to verify the most congruent factors and components of the personality and emotions that affect the rehabilitation potential of patients with stroke. The results of this study can be used to develop more effective and adapted rehabilitation programs for patients with stroke. Taking into account these factors in the process of rehabilitation treatment, which affect the overall rehabilitation potential, medical professionals can develop more personalized and targeted treatment plans, which contributes to improving the quality of life of patients and their early return to normal activities.

Compass, oceans and world politics. Book review of the collective monograph ‘International relations: Facets of the present and the future’

The book under review is a collective monograph by the Russian International Affairs Council ‘International relations: Facets of the present and the future’, published in 2023. The reviewer emphasizes the high relevance of this work since all leading states (including Russia) are facing a need for a deeper rethinking of current trends in the development of international relations and establishment of new strategic priorities. The book under review differs from numerous recent Russian and foreign publications on the matter by a truly broad thematic scope and comprehensive approach. The monograph touches upon both the ‘classical’ factors of international relations (military power, energy, trade) and a number of new ones, which have acquired particular importance as the international system entered a period of profound transformation. These new factors include artificial intelligence, education, digital security, the climate crisis, ‘soft power’, etc. The reviewer concludes that this monograph can serve as a beacon in the raging ocean of modern world politics and as such may be of interest to both international experts and diplomats, as well as to a broad reading audience.

Indicators of mental adaptation disorders in combatants of the special military operation

Relevance. Participants of armed conflicts are exposed to extreme stress amid life-threatening situations, which can lead to mental adaptation disorders exacerbated by combat stress disorders. Combatants facing these conditions require psychological correction and psychotherapy.The objective is to assess the risk of mental adaptation disorders in combatants using traditional diagnostics and fasts screening methods.Methods. A cohort of 163 combatants who participated in the special military operation underwent clinical and psychological examination. The average age of subjects was 34.3 years, and the average time of service in the special military operation was 8.2 months. The combatants’ psychological status was evaluated using the Mississippi Scale (military version), the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. In addition, a set of screening methods, like PC-PTSD-5, PHQ9, and GAD-7, were used to evaluate the risk of mental maladaptation, depressive symptoms, and anxiety. In the course of examination, the reliability of responses was assessed using 10 adapted questions for sincerity evaluation obtained from a standardized personality assessment method. The present study shows the median value, as well as the upper and lower quartiles (Me [Q1; Q3]). The consistency of the studied indicators was evaluated using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.Results and analysis. The average sincerity score was 7 [6; 8] points, showing sufficient reliability of the examination results. The psychological test results re concordant with the overall transformation pattern in the functional and mental profile of stress exposed combatants, depending on the duration of exposure to combat conditions. The average Mississippi Scale scores were 71 [63; 84] points, and 2 [1; 3] points on the PC-PTSD-5, associated with absence of mental adaptation disorders and a low probability of PTSD, respectively. PTSD clinical symptoms were identified in 3.7% of the examined combatants (compared to 14.3% in foreign publications), and mental adaptation disorders were observed in 8.6%. All these methods showed moderate, positive, and statistically significant (r = 0.627; p < 0.001) consistency of obtained indicators. The average Beck Depression Inventory score was 7 [3; 12] points, and the PHQ-9 score was 5 [3; 8] points, suggesting absence or mild depression, respectively. The methods demonstrated strong, positive, and statistically significant (r = 0.799; p < 0.001) consistency among the indicators. The average Beck Anxiety Inventory score was 10 [4; 18] points, and the GAD-7 screening method score was 5 [2; 6] points, corresponding to low or moderate anxiety. For both methods, the consistency among indicators was moderate, positive, and statistically significant (r = 0.567; p < 0.001).Conclusion. The study justified the reliability of results obtained by traditional tests and screening methods, showing trustworthy indications for psychological correction (psychotherapy) in the examined combatants.

Military medicine of modern hybrid wars

During the hybrid armed conflict in which Russia became involved — the Special Military Operation — the medical service of the Armed Forces faced a number of challenges. This review analyzes foreign publications indexed in PubMed® concerning the conditions and factors affecting the activities of the medical services of armed forces, primarily those of NATO countries. It was revealed that a limiting factor for operational effectiveness is the staffing levels and qualitative composition of medical personnel, their preparedness to provide care for the specific pathologies of wartime, and maintaining these competencies in an up-to-date state. Important conditions for successful provision of medical care are preserving the integrity of medical facilities during targeted attacks on them, and the ability to use infrastructure in hostile or newly occupied territories. Prehospital care serves as a limiting factor in reducing lethality, with the main causes being fatal hemorrhages and head injuries from mine-blast trauma. Proper tourniquet application, rapid evacuation, and blood transfusions make the greatest contribution to reducing prehospital mortality. Among casualties, those with limb wounds are most significant, as they subsequently create the greatest social burden on the state, exceeding the “years lived with disability” parameter for all other disease classes, including oncological and cardiovascular diseases. In modern conflicts, the most dangerous in terms of lethality are mine-blast injuries (61.4–83.5%) and head injuries (20.9–59.0%), and in terms of subsequent disease burden, limb injuries (45.7%) constitute an absolute majority and are the point of focus for the main efforts of the medical services of the warring states’ armed forces. At the same time, there are no unified approaches regarding the place of application of qualified and specialized care among countries.

The morbidity of university students in conditions of modern educational process and impact of environmental factors: A publications review

The students morbidity becomes more and more serious problem due to increasing demands of modern educational process. There is a need to more carefully monitor implementation of medical care of students, to carry out regular preventive examinations, to provide students with appropriate psychological assistance to create environment conducive to learning. To resolve problem of student morbidity is important both for maintaining health of young population and for their favorable academic advancement. The article consider effect of such environmental factors as stress, lack of sleep, poor nutrition, low physical activity contributing into increase of students morbidity in conditions of modern educational process.The Russian and foreign publications were analyzed to identify the most significant ones to be included into review.

Composite Materials For Creation Of Anti-Icing Elements And Other Aircraft Systems

The relevance of the development is related to the safety of aircraft flights, which is significantly affected by aircraft icing. The reliability of the anti-icing system (AIC) is a prerequisite for all modern aircraft, as well as for high-altitude unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Icing of aircraft and UAVs is a very urgent problem, as evidenced by a large number of foreign publications and patents on proposals for methods of removing ice from metal and composite structures using nanomaterials. Icing can lead to a decrease in the lifting power of the aircraft and an increase in drag, and also affects the operation of the aircraft controls, reduces visibility from the cockpit, increases vibration and load on individual elements of the airframe, and negatively affects the operation of engines

Urban Planning of the Past in the Face of Potential Airborne Threats During World War II

This paper presents a theoretical review of scientific articles on urban planning under airborne attacks between World War I and World War II. Publications on this topic are few and belong to foreign researchers. Only a small part of works was translated and published in architectural journals of the USSR early in the 20th century.Purpose: The literature review of urban planning in the face of airborne threats.Methodology: The analysis of Russian and foreign publications and systematic analysis of the works of architects.Research findings: Since the 1930s, the problem of effective urban planning in conditions of airborne defense has been posed in the architectural environment. Despite widespread publicity and safe city pilot projects, none was fully realized.Value: The analysis of Russian and foreign publications shows that airborne threats cease to be a hot topic, despite continuing military conflicts.

Arthrodesis of the Distal Interphalangeal Joint of the Finger Using an Intramedullary Implant

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the joints of the hand is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in the elderly population. It is a complex, degenerative disease affecting all components of the joint. Surgical treatment is indicated when conservative therapy fails. The ultimate solution is arthrodesis of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint. Various methods of arthrodesis have been described, ranging from the use of K-wires or compression screw to different types of intra-articular (intramedullary) implants. The aim of this study is to evaluate the surgical outcomes of arthrodesis of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint of the fingers using intramedullary implants. Since 2011, arthrodesis of the distal interphalangeal joint using an intramedullary implant has been performed at our department 97 times in total, in 59 patients. 9 patients (15 cases of arthrodesis) were excluded from the study group due to their failure to complete the questionnaire, 1 female patient died. In the final group, 82 cases of arthrodesis in 49 patients (47 women, 2 men) were evaluated. In 72% of cases, the surgery was performed on the dominant hand. The mean age at the time of surgery was 58 years (median 59 years). The patients were indicated for surgery after the failure of all conservative treatment options. In addition to radiographs, also the hand function and pain were assessed based on the preand postoperative DASH score questionnaires. The surgical outcomes for all implants are satisfactory. In all 82 patients, the surgical wounds healed per primam. In one case, implant extraction was performed due to infection. Another complication was an unhealed fusion and formation of a non-union with minimum pathological mobility (the patient is satisfied with the outcome). In three patients, a fracture at the base of the distal phalanx was observed on postoperative radiographs, which fully healed within 3 months after surgery. The mean DASH score decreased from 41.95 preoperatively to 14.93 postoperatively. The mean time to healing of the arthrodesis observed on radiographs was 9.1 weeks. Currently, there are many different types of arthrodesis of the distal interphalangeal joint of the hand. Each method has its pros and cons. Arthrodesis using an intramedullary implant has the advantages of the older methods while minimizing postoperative complications. Our results are comparable to those reported in the foreign literature. Based on the evaluated outcomes, arthrodesis of the distal interphalangeal joint using an intramedullary implant can be considered valid. It definitely deserves to be included in the portfolio of surgical treatment of osteoarthritis of the DIP joints of the hand. According to our observation, the differences between various types of implants are minimal and their outcomes are comparable to those reported in foreign publications. The pain relief, restored finger function and fusion rate are comparable to, if not better than, those achieved by the older surgical methods. The advantage of this method is mainly easier implantation, fewer complications, and the possibility of implantation without the use of an X-ray image intensifier, which ultimately reduces the cost of surgery. The main disadvantage is the higher purchase price of the implant. osteoarthritis, distal interphalangeal joint, arthrodesis.

Features of refeeding syndrome in pediatric intensive care unit patients (literature review)

Introduction. Restoration of nutrition in patients with nutritional deficiency hospitalized in intensive care units is a complex process due to the high risk of the development of refeeding syndrome. Refeeding syndrome is insufficiently studied in children not only with regard to pathogenesis and intensive care, but also with regard to its influence on the further development of the child.Materials and methods. A non-systematic review of literature sources was performed. Domestic publications were searched in the database on the eLibrary website, foreign publications were searched in PubMed, Google Scholar, Cophrane Library, Cyberleninka, ResearchGate databases in the period 2017–2024. 73 full-text publications describing risk factors, peculiarities of mechanisms of refeeding syndrome development in children, clinical picture and methods of intensive therapy were analyzed.Results. The review analyzed and systematized the stratified risk factors, peculiarities of pathogenesis and clinical picture of refeeding syndrome in children depending on developing metabolic disorders. The connection of refeeding syndrome on the progression of nutritional deficiency is shown. The main methods of intensive therapy, including nutritional support for patients with high-risk and developed refeeding syndrome are determined.Conclusion. Currently, there is no unambiguous definition and diagnostic criteria for refeeding syndrome in children. Timely intensive therapy in cases of refeeding syndrome development allows to correct nutritional deficiency, to increase the survival rate of patients, can influence further growth and development of the child.

Abstracts of foreign publications

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Pain in the epigastral area: current aspects of differential diagnosis

Epigastric pain can have a variety of etiologies, including not only diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT): gastroesophageal reflux disease, hiatal hernia, gastritis and duodenitis, gastric and/or duodenal ulcers, polyps and stomach cancer, functional dyspepsia, but also other gastrointestinal diseases, somatic diseases of other organs and systems, vascular pathology, infections and invasions, medications and a number of other reasons. More than 10 years have passed since the publication of our previous article on the issues of differential diagnosis of pain in the stomach. In the Elibrary.ru information base, both in the period of time preceding the publication and to this day, we have not found similar publications. This explains its placement in full or in fragments on specialized gastroenterological sites and guidelines for differential diagnosis in gastroenterology. Over the past 10 years, new consensuses and clinical recommendations have been published on diseases and conditions associated with epigastric pain, and the number of publications on other diseases and conditions that were previously considered very rare, but which today must be taken into account when carrying out differential diagnosis, has increased. Several foreign publications on the problem in recent years were found in the PubMed electronic database. In this regard, we consider it appropriate to consider the current aspects of the differential diagnosis of epigastric pain from the perspective of today. The list of diseases and conditions presented in the review, in which epigastric pain occurs in the clinical picture, indicates that the differential diagnosis of this syndrome is an interdisciplinary problem and is of interest not only to the gastroenterologist and therapist, but also to doctors of other specialties.