Background. Minimal residual disease (MRD), as determined by immunophenotyping, is an indicator of therapy response and a marker of relapse in many hematological diseases. There are some foreign publications devoted to the assessment of the residual tumor population using multicolor flow cytometry in Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia (WM). A characteristic feature of WM is the infiltration of bone marrow by two tumor populations from one tumor clone: clonal B-lymphocytes and clonal plasma cells. The study of these two aberrant populations was only possible using flow cytometry. In 90 % of WM cases, the L265P mutation of the MYD88 gene is detected: it is a diagnostic marker and is much less common in other lymphomas. Aim. To investigate the residual tumor clone characteristics in WM patients, their correlation with progression, assess the relationship between the monoclonal immunoglobulin M dynamics and MRD status, as well as between the presence of the MYD88 mutation at onset and the rate of tumor clone reduction. Materials and methods. Patients underwent immunophenotypic analysis of bone marrow cells at disease onset and at follow-up time points post-induction using multicolor flow cytometry. The following antigens were investigated for B-cells: surface CD19, CD22, CD20, CD45, and CD27, as well as cytoplasmic λ and κ immunoglobulin M antigens. For plasma cells, the following were assessed: surface CD38, CD138, CD27, CD45, CD81, and CD19, along with cytoplasmic λ and κ immunoglobulin M antigens. Standard methods of descriptive statistics and graphical visualization were used to analyze the results. To evaluate the dynamics of aberrant cell populations, multivariate statistical methods were employed, accounting for repeated measures within the same participants. The same methods were applied to study the association of the MYD88 gene mutation with the dynamics of these parameters. Results. Heterogeneity of the residual tumor clone was revealed, which could be represented by three variants of tumor populations: only aberrant B cells; only aberrant plasma cells; and populations of B- and plasma cells. Different reduction rates of residual aberrant B- and plasma cells were observed after the end of induction therapy: in the 1st month after treatment, the number of aberrant B cells decreased 1.4 times faster than plasma cells. The long-term persistence phenomenon of trace immunoglobulin M secretion after induction therapy even in MRD-negative patients was revealed (70 % cases). A relationship was noted between the presence of L265P mutation of the MYD88 gene at the disease onset and the number of residual B cells. In patients without a MYD88 gene mutation at the disease onset, MRD-negative B-cell status was achieved by the first month after the end of induction. No relationship was found between the presence / absence of the MYD88 gene mutation and the residual tumor plasma cell population. Patients with MRD-positive status in any combination (only aberrant B cells; only aberrant plasma cells; and populations of B- and plasma cells) demonstrated a higher probability of disease progression compared to the MRD-negative group. Conclusion. The use of multicolor flow cytometry to detect residual neoplastic B-cell and plasma cell populations provides additional insights into the depth of remission, the rate of tumor cell reduction, and the heterogeneity of the residual malignant clone.

In children older than one year, intussusception is more often associated with a pathological leading point (PLP), which reduces the success rate of exclusively conservative interventions and increases the importance of timely surgical treatment, while maintaining heterogeneity of approaches and diagnostic errors that affect outcomes. A search and analysis of domestic and foreign publications in recent years was conducted, with priority given to clinical recommendations, systematic reviews, multicenter and large single-center series. Fifty-two publications were analyzed, and the search was conducted in eLibrary, PubMed, and Scopus. We included studies on patients older than one year that described the etiology, diagnosis, indications, and treatment outcomes, as well as organizational aspects of care. The clinical and instrumental signs of a probable pathological leading point and the ultrasound criteria for intestinal wall viability were summarized. It was shown that pneumatic/hydrostatic disinvagination under ultrasound or X-ray control is possible at an early stage, however, if it is ineffective, there are doubts about adequate perfusion, or there is a high probability of a pathological leading point, it is advisable to switch to diagnostic and therapeutic laparoscopy with mandatory removal of the PVT if present; situations requiring resection with restoration of continuity are outlined. Organizational conditions that reduce the proportion of emergency resections and complications (early availability of ultrasound, standardized routes, interdisciplinary interaction) are highlighted, as well as the role of machine learning algorithms and clinical predictive models as auxiliary decision support tools. An age-oriented, practice-oriented management algorithm for children older than one year is presented: from recognizing the signs of PVT and justifying the refusal of further attempts at disinvagination to the structure of laparoscopic intervention and requirements for the organization of care. Its application is intended to reduce the frequency of relapses and complications and improve immediate and long-term treatment outcomes.

This essay reviews recent scientific contributions relating to the social history of labor in Romania. The review starts from a series of recent publications by domestic and foreign publishers, signed by authors such as Călin Cotoi, Victor Rizescu, and Alexandra Ghiţ, and seeks to further contextualize them in combination with ideas formulated in foreign journals on the history of Central and Eastern Europe. My text thus aims to capture the main characteristics of these approaches, thereby contributing to the outline of possible lines of inquiry for combining empirical approaches of exploring the past with individual methodological developments stretching beyond the strictly national framework.

The article examines the reflection of the image of China and the Chinese on the pages of the magazine “Mir Bozhiy” at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. It was during this period that the policy of the great powers in China was undergoing serious changes, and the Qing Empire itself was entering a period of serious crisis associated with coups d’etat and rebellions, which contributed to the growing interest of the reading public in the events in the Far East. As a result of the analysis of the contents of the magazine issues, containing both original articles and brief reviews of articles from other domestic and foreign publications devoted to Chinese topics, it became possible to identify the main problems that worried Russian public opinion during that period. Above all, those were issues of economic cooperation with China and the problem of Chinese migration in the Far East. Introduction to the internal life of the Qing Empire, its political system and social structure occupy the largest volume of publications up to 1900. With the aggravation of the situation within the Boxer Rebellion and the beginning of foreign intervention, the main interest in the publications was focused on those events and the reaction of the population of the border regions of the Russian Empire to the occurrence. The defeat of the rebels returns to the pages of the publication the polemics about the role of foreign powers in Chinese events and criticism of the barbaric behavior of the “civilized Europeans.” By 1902, interest in Chinese topics in the publication weakens and gradually moves to a new threat posed by the Japanese Empire.

The increased interest in drugs containing substances derived from medicinal plant raw materials is a consequence of the search for new ways and methods of obtaining medicinal substances with fewer side effects compared to substances created synthetically. The composition of the skumpia tannic extract contains a large number of biologically active substances (BAS), where the leading place is occupied by flavonoids, phenolic carboxylic acids, glycosides, anthocyanins and terpenes. The analysis of domestic and foreign publications on the use of kozhevennaya scumpia as a source of valuable BAS for the needs of pharmaceutical and perfumery and cosmetics industries is presented. The analysis revealed that the substances con-tained in it are valuable, such as quercetin, kaempferol, which have anti-inflammatory effects, rutoside, which has angioprotective effects, rutin, which has antioxidant properties, hyperoside, which has antidepressant, sedative and anxiolytic effects, ferullic acid, which has cardioprotective, anti-arrhythmic effects. Russia has sufficient reserves of raw skumpia tannery to cover the needs of pharmaceutical production. As a result of a review of current scientific sources, it can be concluded that skumpia leatherworm has a rich chemical composition and is a promising medicinal plant for the production of BAS by industrial pharmacy in order to manufacture phytopreparations with wound-healing, antifungal, choleretic, immunomodulatory, sedative, antioxidant, cardioprotective and antitumor effects

Subject. The model of forming financial resources of enterprises and formalizing their management system. Objectives. The development of financial theory in terms of clarifying the content of the financial resource formation model. Methods. The study is based on a dialectical systems approach, methods of comparison, grouping, logical generalization, and general scientific methods. An analysis of domestic and foreign publications was conducted. Results. The presented model combines a system of principles for forming financial resources, the company's target objectives in financial resource management, an analysis of funding sources, an information base and factors, as well as the sequence of stages from forecasting to monitoring and control, which go beyond the financial resource formation model but are part of the management system. Conclusions. The development of financial theory in terms of refining fundamental categories can create a solid foundation for the formation of practical tools for managing financial resources.

Introduction. Coxarthrosis (osteoarthritis of the hip joint) is a socially significant degenerative and dystrophic disease characterized by chronic pain syndrome, progressive limitation of mobility and a significant decrease in the quality of life of patients. Within the modern healthcare system which is oriented toward short-term hospitalization, the effectiveness of treatment is influenced not only by medical parameters but also to a large extent by a range of psychological factors. The purpose of the study: systematization and analysis of modern scientific data on the influence of psychological factors (including personality traits, emotional and behavioral characteristics, socio-psychological features, and subjective illness perception) on the effectiveness of treatment of coxarthrosis, including surgical interventions and rehabilitation measures, followed by the evelopment of evidence-based recommendations for optimizing the treatment process. Methodology. A systematic analytical review of 46 peer-reviewed Russian and foreign publications for the period 1999–2024 was conducted, selected from the databases eLibrary, CyberLeninka, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. The inclusion criteria were: scientific validity, representativeness of the sample, validity of methods and relevance to the research topic. The analysis was performed within the framework of the biopsychosocial model and the principles of evidence-based medicine. Results and their analysis. Significant psychological predictors of treatment effectiveness were identified, such as personality factors, emotional disorders, cognitive characteristics, and sociopsychological aspects. Conclusion. The findings confirm the necessity of implementing a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of coxarthrosis. Promising areas of further research include the development of standardized psychological support protocols and the assessment of their effectiveness in Russian healthcare.

The article presents a literature review of modern Russian and foreign publications devoted to the study of prevalence, pathogenetic mechanisms, diagnostics and treatment of postprandial distress syndrome. It is shown that this variant of functional dyspepsia is the most common. In its pathogenesis, the leading role belongs to disorders of relaxation accommodation of the proximal stomach. Existing diagnostic criteria for functional dyspepsia variants are based on anamnestic data, which does not allow for their clear verification. For the purpose of differential diagnostics of functional dyspepsia, along with endoscopic examination, it is advisable to clarify the disorders of gastroduodenal motility and the profile of intestinal peptides regulating it. Modern approaches to the treatment of patients with postprandial distress syndrome include the use of prokinetics and neuromodulators against the background of diet therapy and non-drug correction.

Scholarly communication of data is important for advancement of science. This is done using scholarly journal platforms promoted and managed by publishers. Further, many of these journals are indexed in commercial databases such as WoS from Clarivate Inc. (Canada), SCOPUS from Elsevier Inc. (Netherlands) and several others. This inclusion is selective based on criteria defined by Clarivate Inc. and Elsevier Inc. in their capacity as private business entities. Moreover, inclusion is claimed to be representative by both parties. However, it is not comprehensive and they have large scale business activities in India. Furthermore, there is a huge hype among the scientific community and educational institutions for using data in these databases for selecting journals for scholarly communication. The WoS and SCOPUS databases have included about 300 Indian Journals. This accounts for about 1.4% journals in the database. Nonetheless, about 68% of these journals are closed access and it is managed by foreign publishers such as Wolter Kluwer, Springer, Elsevier, Francis and Taylor etc. This is a 2026 concern for technological embargo while balancing creativity and freedom of expression.

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Context and relevance.</strong> In modern conditions of war, violence and migration, the problem of the impact of traumatic experiences on children's mental health is acute. The research is aimed at analyzing the mechanisms of formation and overcoming of childhood trauma, including both direct and indirect forms of exposure. <strong>Objective.</strong> To analyze recent international studies on the characteristics of children's experience of direct and indirect traumatic events related to hostilities, violence, and forced migration. <strong>Hypothesis.</strong> Traumatic experience, regardless of the form of exposure (direct or indirect), has a significant impact on the mental health of children, while the nature of the consequences is determined by a complex of age, individual and socio-cultural factors. <strong>Methods and materials.</strong> A comprehensive analysis of scientific papers has been carried out, including national and foreign publications relevant to the issue under study. <strong>Results.</strong> The different effects of direct and indirect traumatic experiences have been revealed: the former more often leads to clinical post–traumatic stress disorder, the latter to subclinical manifestations, the critical role of age and individual characteristics in the formation of a response to trauma has been established, the importance of the socio-cultural context in the process of providing assistance has been determined, effective methods of dealing with childhood trauma have been identified, and prospects for further research have been identified. <strong>Conclusions. </strong>The need for a comprehensive monitoring and assistance system for children affected by direct and indirect traumatic experiences related to armed conflict, violence and forced migration, taking into account age, gender, personality and cultural characteristics, is shown.</p> <div class="XTranslate" style="all: unset;"></div>

The article examines the concept of resilient pedagogy as a response to the challenges faced by educational institutions during crises such as armed conflicts, pandemics, and large-scale social disruptions. The problem is defined as the urgent need to ensure continuity of education and the preservation of pedagogical quality under conditions of instability. The relevance of the study lies in the growing demand for adaptable teaching strategies that safeguard both the psychological well-being of learners and the professional sustainability of educators. The purpose of the article is to analyze comparative approaches to resilient pedagogy across different national and institutional contexts, with particular attention to international research and practices. The study aims to identify common strategies, highlight innovative methods, and propose a synthesized frame work for resilience pedagogy applicable to diverse educational environments. The research methods include comparative-historical analysis, bibliometric review of foreign publications, and case studies of higher education institutions in Europe, North America, and Asia. These methods allow for the identification of theoretical foundations, practical applications, and cross-cultural variations in resilience pedagogy. Comparative analysis reveals that institutions with embedded resilient strategies achieve higher levels of student engagement, teacher retention, and continuity of learning during crises. The author’s contribution lies in proposing a multidimensional framework that combines narrative, technological, and community-based approaches to resilient pedagogy. The conclusions emphasize the scientific novelty of resilient pedagogy as a proactive rather than re active educational paradigm. The findings have both theoretical and practical significance, offering recom mendations for policymakers, educators, and institutions seeking to strengthen their capacity to withstand crises while maintaining educational quality.

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Context and relevance.</strong> The article is devoted to the analysis of foreign publications from 2020-2025 on the study and provision of information security for humans and society in the context of growing cyber threats, radicalization and disinformation. <strong>Goal.</strong> To identify, based on a comparative analysis of foreign publications, trends in the broadened areas of scientific activity in the field of research on destructive influences in the digital environment. <strong>Hypothesis. </strong>The accumulated body of research should lead to the expansion of generalizations and the justification of comprehensive countermeasures that take into account modern digital trends and their impact on the lives of various groups of people. <strong>Methods and materials.</strong> The tools of a comparative approach to analyzing the results of foreign publications were used as the main research method. <strong>Results. </strong>Based on the study of the content of 67 studies published by scientists from 23 foreign countries, accents have been identified that allow us to navigate foreign approaches to the following issues: hybrid wars and the psychotechnologies used in them; the impact of negative information from the media and the Internet on people's perception, experiences and behavior; information security of employees in the workplace and psychologically sound measures. to increase it; destructive effects on employees of law enforcement agencies and law enforcement agencies; radicalization of youth under the influence of influences from social networks, as well as the influence of the digital environment on deviant and criminal behavior.<strong> Conclusions. </strong>The generalizations made on comparative analysis record the main trends, contradictions and further research prospects related to the problems of studying and countering destructive influences in the digital environment.</p>

In the context of accelerating sociocultural transformations, the growing penetration of digital technologies into everyday life, and the intensification of global information exchange the religious identity of contemporary Iranian society is undergoing complex and multidirectional change. Against this background, studying the dynamics of religiosity becomes not only relevant but essential for understanding broader processes of social consolidation, political legitimacy, and cultural continuity. Religiosity in Iran continues to function as a key component of collective identity, yet its internal structure, forms of expression, and mechanisms of transmission are transforming at an unprecedented pace. The main goal of the study is to identify the dominant trends in the changing levels and forms of religiosity among different social groups, with particular emphasis on the younger generation, which is most sensitive to global cultural influences and technological innovations. To achieve this goal, the research addressed several key tasks: 1) systematizing Iranian academic publications on religiosity over the specified period; 2) identifying conceptual models and methodological approaches used to measure religiosity; 3) determining major trends in the evolution of religiosity among various demographic and social categories; 4) analyzing the impact of digitalization, social networks, and online communication on the transformation of religious identity; 5) revealing dominant interpretative frameworks and future projections formulated by Iranian researchers. The study materials consisted of a corpus of 30 peer-reviewed scientific publications by Iranian scholars indexed in SID, Magiran, Noor, IranDoc, supplemented by foreign publications that provide comparative insights and methodological clarification. The primary research method used was a systematic review, which included targeted search, source selection, thematic coding, comparative examination, and secondary interpretation of scientific literature in both Farsi and English. This approach made it possible to reconstruct the main trajectories of academic discourse and identify stable patterns in the empirical data. The results of the study demonstrate that traditional forms of religiosity in Iran are gradually declining, while individualized and experience-based models of faith are gaining prominence. This trend is especially evident among youth, who increasingly distance themselves from institutional religious authorities and prefer more flexible, personalized modes of spirituality. Digital media plays a decisive role in this transformation by reshaping access to religious knowledge, diversifying channels of interpretation, and fostering alternative forms of community building. The conclusions of the study are as follows: 1) Iranian scientific discourse consistently records a shift from collective, traditional religiosity to more individualized and pluralistic forms; 2) researchers employ one of six major models for measuring religiosity, which reflects both the multidimensional nature of the phenomenon and its cultural specificity; 3) the most significant changes occur among young people, who demonstrate weakening institutional affiliation and increased value placed on personal religious experience; 4) digital platforms now act as key drivers of transformation in religious practices and identity formation; 5) Iranian scholarship outlines several future scenarios — ranging from the integration of religion into digital environments to the potential deepening of secularization.

The article analyzes the mechanisms of language nomination based on the material of a hybrid form of discursive space – educational and advertising discourse. This type of institutional discourse is described as borderline, including features of educational discourse with clear intersperses of an advertising or marketing component. The research material was a sample of titles, as well as advertising descriptions of English-language teaching aids for teaching English at various levels, posted on websites or in catalogs of foreign publishers. The main linguistic mechanisms of nomination are highlighted and described: affixation, conversion, metaphor.

The purpose of the study is to provide a theoretical review of contemporary foreign scientific publications dedicated to the simplification of English-language legal discourse. The material selected for the review is descriptive and systematic in nature, reflecting various approaches to defining simplification and text transformation strategies. The analysis of foreign publications was conducted within the framework of diachronic and functional approaches. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the periodization of the evolution of legal English, the identification of national characteristics of simplification processes, and the systematization of lexical and grammatical changes in legal English that correspond to the simplification processes occurring in today’s English-language legal discourse. The results of the analysis show that the issue of simplifying legal English is highly relevant to the English-speaking academic community. Despite differing understandings of the prerequisites for the development of simplification, most authors point to its objective nature, which is driven by the historical development of the English language under the influence of a complex set of extralinguistic factors. The problem of simplification is of particular significance in the context of ensuring the clarity and accessibility of legal texts for the general public.

Introduction. Transboundary and emerging infections of cattle and small ruminants, such as peste des petits ruminants, Schmallenberg virus infection, etc., pose a serious animal health and economic threat in the context of developing globalization. Given the current geopolitical situation, the need for modern domestically produced diagnostic systems is particularly acute. Such systems can be developed using genetic engineering methods. Objective. Analysis of domestic and foreign publications on the production of recombinant proteins of pathogens of transboundary and emerging infections of cattle and small ruminants. Creation of genetic constructs based on the processed data for further development of diagnostic tools, in particular ELISA test systems. Materials and methods. Using bioinformatics tools, codon composition of the sequences encoding the nucleocapsid proteins of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) and Schmallenberg virus (SBV) was analyzed and optimized. The optimized gene fragments were synthesized de novo and cloned into the pET-32b(+) expression vector. Successful insertion of the target sequence into the vector was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction analysis. Results . Information on ELISA test systems developed on the basis of recombinant antigens for the diagnosis of peste des petits ruminants and Schmallenberg virus infection is presented. The main technological aspects of obtaining recombinant antigens for their further use in a diagnostic system factored in the biological features of a particular pathogen are highlighted. Our proprietary methodology for creating protein expression vectors for the pathogens of the diseases under review is additionally described. Conclusion. The most promising recombinant antigens for use in ELISA test systems designed to detect antibodies against PPRV and SBV are full-length and truncated virion nucleocapsid proteins. Furthermore, the biophysical properties and antigenic structure of these proteins enable their production in Escherichia coli. It should be noted that production of significant amounts of functional proteins in soluble form may require their expression as part of fusion proteins with tags enhancing solubility and facilitating correct folding.

In the study, domestic and foreign publications and reports on the transformation and intellectualization of the geospatial industry as well as its integration into many fields of the economy were analyzed. By analysing economic indicators of several leading countries, the importance and role of the geospatial industry in the national spatial and socio-economic development were demonstrated. Examples of successful use of geospatial solutions for enhancing efficiency and sustainability of production are provided. It is concluded that a multi-purpose National High-Tech Geospatial Platform must be developed through real-time territorial monitoring systems and extensive research on continuous intelligent monitoring to enable timely situational awareness, evaluation, and efficient real-time control of resources, logistics, industrial assets, and operations

Background. This article provides an overview of existing studies on the role of instrumental diagnostic studies in the context of determining the rehabilitation potential of patients with diseases and conditions of the central nervous system (CNS). At the moment, there is no single unified method for determining the rehabilitation potential. Main content. This review provides a detailed assessment of Russian and foreign publications and studies to determine the possibility of using instrumental and neuroimaging studies in addition to existing clinical tools for determining the rehabilitation potential. The emphasis is on the analysis of data from the most common studies performed in acute CNS diseases, such as stroke and traumatic brain injury, requiring long-term rehabilitation. Conclusion. By taking into account all the factors that influence the overall rehabilitation potential of the patient during rehabilitation treatment, healthcare professionals can develop more personalized and targeted treatment plans, which will improve the quality of life of patients and their rapid return to normal activities.

The article analyzes national and foreign publications presented in Elibrary, PubMed and Cyberleninka scientific databases, mainly over the past five years, and also summarizes the data obtained, in which osteopathic techniques are considered not as an alternative but as an integrative component of the evidence-based non-drug therapy.

The article is devoted to the sarcopenic phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The purpose of this study was to study the current understanding of sarcopenia, to evaluate the manifestations of systemic and respiratory sarcopenia in COPD patients, the possibilities of diagnosis, prognostic markers and treatment according to domestic and foreign publications. Research methods: domestic and foreign literary sources on the topic of the studied issue are analyzed. The analysis of scientific publications was carried out using the database of the National Center for Biotechnological Information PubMed, the Chinese Library, eLibrary, as well as the database of the scientific electronic library CyberLeninka. The data was processed from sources published in 2024-2025. Results. In the course of the study, domestic and foreign sources on the topic of the issue under study were analyzed. The problem of sarcopenia, as well as sarcopenia in COPD patients, has been studied, and a holistic model of sarcopenia has been analyzed, taking into account modern diagnostic and treatment capabilities. Conclusions. In patients with COPD, sarcopenia occurs earlier than in healthy people and its frequency varies from 14 to 67% due to the complex effects on muscle condition of systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, lack of physical activity, hypoxia, malnutrition, hormonal imbalance and structural muscle remodeling. Manifestations of systemic and respiratory sarcopenia significantly worsen the prognosis of patients with COPD. Targeted treatment of sarcopenia in COPD includes nutritional support, a diet high in protein and vitamin D, pulmonary rehabilitation, exercise, and behavioral strategies.