Foreign Network Research Articles

Mobility Management Using the IP Protocol

Time critical applications, such as VoIP and video conferencing require Internet connectivity all of the time for better performance. Moreover, in case of vehicular networks, it is very common for mobile devices to move from one network to another. In such scenarios the sudden changes in the network connectivity may cause problems, which affects the data transmission rate. The movement of a mobile node from one network to another is also a challenge for the routers to maintain the routing information as well as to forward the data to the corresponding node. In all of the aforementioned scenarios, the switching between the networks with minimum latency improves the performance, i.e. in terms of mobility and availability of the network. The Mobile IP protocol serves the purpose of seamless handover of mobile devices from one network to another. A mobile node maintains its permanent IP address using the Mobile IP protocol while moving to a foreign network. When a mobile node establishes the connection with the foreign network the data packets transmitted from the home network are redirected to the foreign network. The Mobile IP protocol establishes a tunnel between the home network and the foreign network. The process of tunneling continues until the mobile node moves back to the home network or when the foreign network advertises the new IP address of the mobile node. With the increasing number of wireless devices the mobility is the key challenge. The devices with multiple interfaces such as mobile phone which uses 4G as well as WiFi, the urge for the availability of the Internet is also high. This paper provides a deep discussion about the Mobile IP protocol and its implementation. A network scenario is proposed with the configuration of the Mobile IP. According to the obtained results of the simulations, the Mobile IP protocol increases the availability of the network connection as well as it achieves the larger throughput when compared with the scenario without using the Mobile IP.

Domestic Spillovers and Foreign Networks in Exporting

As documented in the literature, exporting firms breaking into new markets can help alleviate risk and uncertainty by using various information channels. Such channels include spillovers, foreign consumer networks, and, potentially, foreign supplier networks. Novel to the literature, we jointly estimate the effects of these three channels. We show that each of these channels has statistically and economically significant effects on breaking into new markets and that omitting any of the channels in the estimation equation can bias (upwards) the marginal effects of the other channels by up to 150%. Each of these channels has a stronger magnitude of the effect than all other control variables combined, thereby increasing the probability of breaking into new markets by up to 50%. For a subset of our data, we were able to match importing and exporting firms and construct a more granular, firm-to-firm measure of the foreign consumer networks. The effect of our measure is three times greater (on breaking into new markets) than that of a more aggregate, firm-to-country measure. This implies that information is more likely to dissipate through the direct partners as emphasized by the networks literature.

ВИКОНАННЯ БІЛІНГВАМИ-ПОЧАТКІВЦЯМИ КОМБІНОВАНОГО ТЕСТУ ІЗ ЗАВДАННЯМИ СТРУПА, ПОФФЕНБЕРГА, СПЕРРІ РІДНОЮ ТА ІНОЗЕМНОЮ МОВАМИ

The disclosure of neurophysiological foundations of both native and foreign languages is an actual problem of modern science, since their understanding can have not only theoretical but also practical, including social significance. The Stroop effect, which allows to estimate the level of voluntary attention, is also widely used in the study of language functions. By the task of Poffenberger, it is possible to evaluate the interhemispheric transfer of information. The study used a combined test with the tasks of the Stroop, Poffenberger, Sperry with native (Russian or Ukrainian) and foreign (English) languages. Students studying English were the subjects surveyed, but the vast majority of them never lived in the English-speaking environment. Stimuli (the word "Green" or "Red" written in relevant or irrelevant color) were exposed on the right or left from the center of the screen. In the case of congruence the word and its semantic meaning should press one button by the ipsilateral hand ("yes"), while in the case of mismatch – the other button by the contralateral one ("no"). In previous studies, we found that the answer "yes" is faster than answers "no" for both right and left hands. Comparison of latent period of reactions of similar responses of both hands showed that answer "yes" is faster for the right hand and answer "no" – for the left one, so that the difference in latent period between "yes" and "no" for the left hand is shorter than for the right one. This points out to easily transfer of information from the left hemisphere to the right one than in the opposite direction. Current study found out that in case of performing the test in the native language, in comparison with the foreign one, latent periods of reactions were in the average 60-70 ms longer with the same number of errors, which can be hypothetically explained by fewer associations of words of the foreign language and simpler neural networks for their processing. When performing the test in native language, the number of errors for both hands is the same, whereas when performing the test in English the left hand carries fewer errors than the right one. Probably this indicates that the center of error control in the case of passing a test in a foreign language is situated in the right hemisphere.

Research on Power Network Security Technology and Protection

With the rapid development of information technology construction in the power industry, research on network security has become a problem that cannot be ignored. This paper introduces the use of information communication network equipment at home and abroad in power system; analyzes the security risks of foreign network equipment in power system, shows the risk of power system network and the urgent need for localization of network equipment and analyzes the security of internal network of power system Risks; specific measures for the safety control of network equipment in the whole process are proposed to provide reference for power system network security protection.

Predicate Offences of Money Laundering and Anti Money Laundering Practices in Bangladesh Among South Asian Countries

Abstract The purpose of the study is to identify the main reasons of money laundering in Bangladesh among the twenty seven predicate offences of money laundering prescribed by Bangladesh Bank and position of Bangladesh among South Asian Countries regarding anti-money laundering practices. Besides, an anti-money laundering model has been developed to combat against money laundering as 14 percent bankers think that only existing know your customer form and transaction profile of banking sector are not enough to detect money laundering. To conduct the study, 91 bankers have been surveyed to take response through structured questionnaire regarding their opinion about the predicate offences of money laundering and sufficiency of existing KYC form of banking sector to detect money laundering. From the responses, factor analysis, test of hypothesis, correlation and regression analysis have been conducted using SPSS software. The study identifies that predicate offences of money laundering can be minimized mainly through scrutinizing the activities of local criminals with foreign network and strict anti-corruption measures through automation in National Board of Revenue, strict policy adoption of criminal detection and support from foreign experts. Besides, regression model shows that only six predicate offences of money laundering explains 87.2 percent of money laundering that should get more emphasize to combat against money laundering. From the comparative analysis, it has been found that Bangladesh in holding better position just after India among six South Asian Countries according to Basel AML Index score. This study provides a complete understanding of the position of Bangladesh in case of money laundering and anti-money laundering practices. The integration of four domains, i.e. AML model development, factor analysis, econometric analysis and comparative analysis of AML index will provide insights to managers and policy makers about the money laundering scenario in Bangladesh.

Economic and Political Effects on Currency Clustering Dynamics

We propose a new measure named the symbolic performance to better understand the structure of foreign exchange markets. Instead of considering currency pairs, we isolate a quantity that describes each currency's position in the market, independent of a base currency. We apply the k-means clustering algorithm to analyze how the roles of currencies change over time, from reference status or minimal appreciations and depreciations with respect to other currencies to large appreciations and depreciations. We show how different central bank interventions and economic and political developments, such as the cap of the Swiss franc to the euro enforced by the Swiss National Bank or the Brexit vote, affect the position of a currency in the global foreign exchange network.

Joseph Grigulevich: A Tale of Identity, Soviet Espionage, and Storytelling

This paper explores the life of Joseph Grigulevich (1913–1988), a famous early Soviet illegal intelligence operative, who conducted various “special tasks” on behalf of Stalin’s foreign espionage network. These included the murder of dissident Spanish communist Andreas Nin (1938), a participation in the assassination of Leon Trotsky (1940), posing as a Costa Rican ambassador (1949–1952), and an abortive project to assassinate Joseph Bros Tito (1952). In contrast to conventional espionage studies that are usually informed by diplomatic, political, and military history approaches, I employ a cultural history angle. First, the paper examines the formation of Grigulevich’s communist and espionage identity against his background as a cosmopolitan Jewish “other” from the interwar Polish-Lithuanian realm. Second, it explores his role in the production and invention of intelligence knowledge, which he later used to jump start his second career as a prominent Soviet humanities scholar and a bestselling writer of revolutionary non-fiction.

Localized Islam(s): interpreting agents, competing narratives, and experiences of faith

This special issue investigates contemporary transformations of Islam in the post-Communist Balkans. We put forward the concept oflocalized Islamas an analytical lens that aptly captures the input of various interpreting agents, competing narratives, and choices of faith. By adopting an agent-based approach that is sensitive to relevant actors’ choices and the contexts where they operate, we explore how various groups negotiate and ultimately localize the grand Islamic tradition, depending on where they are situated along the hierarchy of power. Specifically, we outline three sets of actors and narratives related to revival of Islamic faith: (1) political elites, mainstream intellectuals, and religious hierarchies often unite in safeguarding a nation-centric understanding of religion, (2) foreign networks and missionaries make use of open channels of communication to propagate their specific interpretations and agendas, and (3) lay believers tend to choose among different offers and rally around the living dimension of religious practice. Contributions in this issue bring ample evidence of multiple actors’ strategies, related perspectives, and contingent choices of being a Muslim. Case studies include political debates on mosque construction in Athens; political narratives that underpin the construction of the museum of the father of Ataturk in Western Macedonia; politicians’ and imams’ competing interpretations of the Syrian war in Kosovo, Macedonia, and Albania; the emergence of practice communities that perform Muslim identity in Bulgaria; the particular codes of sharia dating in post-war Sarajevo; and veneration of saints among Muslim Roma in different urban areas in the Balkans.

A privacy preserving authentication scheme for roaming in ubiquitous networks

Ubiquitous networks enable mobile users to communicate with each other efficiently and independently without the need of inventing agent. This approach is proved to be delay and spectral efficient. Due to the nature of underlying Big data, such networks are prone to several security and privacy challenges. Because such gigantic data is not only difficult to store, maintain and manipulate but Big data’s open architecture makes the security threats inevitable. Therefore, incorporating authentication between mobile node and foreign network during roaming in ubiquitous networks has become a tedious task. Very recently, Farash et al. found a number of weaknesses in the schemes proposed by Wen et al. and Shin et al. Furthermore, Farash et al. proposed an enhanced scheme for roaming user in ubiquitous network. However, after thorough investigation, we show fragilities of Farash et al.’s scheme against (1) mobile user anonymity violation; (2) disclosure of secret parameter of mobile node; (3) session key disclosure; and (4) mobile node impersonation attacks. Therefore, we propose an improved scheme to fix these fragilities. We analyze the security of proposed scheme using popular automated verification tool ProVerif. The analysis confirms that the proposed scheme resists the known attacks while having quite low overhead as compared with Farash et al.’s scheme. Therefore, in order to get better performance proposed scheme is a suitable candidate to be employed along with supercomputing systems for dealing the security challenges of big data in ubiquitous networks.

Modeling the Steering of International Roaming Traffic

Telecommunications operators offering international roaming services need to decide to which foreign networks they should steer their customers towards, in order to benefit from the best wholesale commercial conditions. This operational managerial decision translates into a least-cost traffic routing problem for which five mixed integer linear programming models, corresponding to the most used commercial agreements in the industry, are hereby introduced. The models are based on a minimum cost flow problem over a layered network following an underlying year-planning managerial approach, with multi-period decision dependency and in the presence of uncertainty. A computational experiment is carried out using a comprehensive framework designed to generate structured semi-random instances that simulate realistic market and business scenarios. Results for this experiment are discussed according to business sustainability performance metrics and confirm the soundness of the models. Given the nature of the problem we consider that the computational effort required is low.

Outward foreign direct investment, offshore outsourcing and local network resilience in industrial districts

ABSTRACTThe internationalization of production activities is having a profound impact on regional economies. In this regard, it is generating externalities not only in the countries where production is offshored, but also in the domestic networks in which the internationalizing firms are located. Therefore, this paper investigates the effects of outward foreign direct investment and offshore outsourcing activities on domestic supplier populations in industrial districts (IDs). The aim is to evaluate the ability of these systems to react to the structural shocks associated with internationalization strategies. The results show that local network resilience is generally higher in advanced forms of IDs, where the role of large firms or service activities is more relevant.

Local Value Chain Development in Vietnam: Motorcycles, Technical Learning and Rents Management

ABSTRACTThis article analyses how foreign direct investment drives technological upgrading in the motorcycle industry in Vietnam. Using the analytical framework of rent management, the article evaluates the rent management mechanisms that provided the incentives and pressures for domestic firms to develop a local value chain by participating in the foreign supply network. This article offers a case study analysis of two periods: 1995–2000 and 2000–05. Two case studies examine the exchanges between lead firms and their suppliers; between multinational corporations and local firms; and among the state, private and foreign firms in the context of the value chain for motorcycle production. The analyses suggest that industrial upgrading has been predominantly driven by foreign direct investment starting in the early 2000s. In addition, market competition among Japanese and Chinese lead firms led to significant technical learning for domestic firms through collaboration with foreign firms despite the government’s failure to effectively monitor rents or implement industrial policies.

A novel and provably secure authentication and key agreement scheme with user anonymity for global mobility networks

Ubiquitous networks support the roaming service for mobile communication devices. The mobile user can use the services in the foreign network with the help of the home network. Mutual authentication plays an important role in the roaming services, and researchers put their interests on the authentication schemes. Recently, in 2016, Gope and Hwang found that mutual authentication scheme of He et al. for global mobility networks had security disadvantages such as vulnerability to forgery attacks, unfair key agreement, and destitution of user anonymity. Then, they presented an improved scheme. However, we find that the scheme cannot resist the off-line guessing attack and the de-synchronization attack. Also, it lacks strong forward security. Moreover, the session key is known to HA in that scheme. To get over the weaknesses, we propose a new two-factor authentication scheme for global mobility networks. We use formal proof with random oracle model, formal verification with the tool Proverif, and informal analysis to demonstrate the security of the proposed scheme. Compared with some very recent schemes, our scheme is more applicable. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Leveraging proxy mobile IPv6 with SDN

The existing Proxy Mobile IPv6 suffers from a long handover latency which in turn causes significant packet loss that is unacceptable for seamless realtime services such as multimedia streaming. This paper proposes an OpenFlow-enabled proxy mobile IPv6 (OF-PMIPv6) in which the control of access gateways is centralized at an OpenFlow controller of a foreign network. The proposed OF-PMIPv6 separates the control path from the data path by performing the mobility control at the controller, whereas the data path remains direct between a mobile access gateway and a local mobility anchor in an IP tunnel form. A group of simple OpenFlow-enabled access gateways performs link-layer control and monitoring activities to support a comprehensive mobility of mobile nodes, and communicates with the controller through the standard OpenFlow protocol. The controller performs networklayer mobility control on behalf of mobile access gateways and communicates with the local mobility anchor in the Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain. Benefiting from the centralized view and information, the controller caches the authentication and configuration information and reuses it to significantly reduce the handover latency. An analytical analysis of the proposed OF-PMIPv6 reactive and proactive handover schemes shows 43% and 121% reduction in the handover latency, respectively, for highly utilized network. The results gathered from the OF-PMIPv6 testbed suggest similar performance improvements.

Types of foreign networks and internationalization performance of Korean SMEs

Purpose The purpose of the study is to empirically analyze how various types of foreign networks influence the internationalization performance of Korean small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The specific aim is to investigate the impact of each network type (family and friends, clients (buyers, vendors, etc.), potential buyers contacted through an Internet search for export, acquaintances from trade shows and fairs and acquaintances from government organizations) on internationalization performance outcomes, such as financial performance, financial performance satisfaction and strategic performance. Design/methodology/approach To identify influential foreign networks, multiple regression analysis was conducted. The sample consisted of 484 exporting Korean SMEs. Findings The results emphasized the role of business networks with clients in enhancing financial performance, financial performance satisfaction and strategic performance of Korean SMEs in international markets. Originality/value The research contributes to the expansion of SME internationalization literature by identifying various types of foreign networks used in international markets and revealing their differential roles on the internationalization performance of Korean SMEs.

A Mobility Frame for 6LoWPAN WSN

In the mobility support standards, when a node moves between IP domains, it must be configured with a care-of address (CoA) and registers the new CoA with its home agent. As a result, before a target node is accessed its home agent must be first visited to acquire the information on the foreign network where the target node is located. Therefore, the mobility handover latency is prolonged due to the CoA configuration, and the communication latency is increased due to visiting a target’s home agent. This paper proposes a mobility frame for IPv6 over low-power wireless personal area network wireless sensor network and aims to reduce the handover latency and the communication latency. In this frame, a device managing sensor nodes is identified by a network prefix and can provide the geographical information on these sensor nodes, so the sensor nodes do not need to be configured with a CoA and can directly be accessed without visiting their home agent. In this way, the handover latency and the communication latency are reduced.

Formal Security Analysis of EAP-ERP Using Casper

Future wireless networks will exploit a variety of wireless technologies to provide ubiquities connectivity to mobile devices in the form of cellular, Wireless Local Area Networks, and femtocells. Inevitably, future wireless networks will be diverse in nature, employing a number of different techniques to associate the hand held devices that are deemed to use the network. Furthermore, mobile users seek for seamless connectivity, while roaming in the midst of different networks. This requires the mobile device and the wireless networks be capable of performing a vertical handover, when the mobile nodes find themselves in the vicinity of a foreign network. Regardless of the technological challenges in terms of security, data integrity and mutual authentication between participating agents remain a significant concern in heterogeneous networks. This paper explores these concerns by examining a number of solutions proposed for vertical handover, and identifies EAP Reauthentication Protocol (ERP) as a technology-independent flexible mechanism for a vertical handover. EAP-ERP satisfies the mobility requirements of future hand held devices while promising the desired security futures. In view of thoroughly exploring EAP-ERP, Casper/FDR has been used in this paper to analyze its security properties under various conditions. The results indicate that despite the initial perception, EAP-ERP lacks mutual authentication between agents, while the integrity of keying material is adequately protected.

A South African perspective on value-added tax on international mobile telecommunication services

The purpose of the article is to explore the VAT practices of mobile telecommunication service providers in South Africa. First, literature dealing with the general VAT principles in South Africa such as the VAT Act No. 89 of 1991 and that of other countries was considered, where after the Melbourne Agreement, which specifically deals with the VAT on international telecommunication services, was considered. As the provisions of the general VAT principles as portrayed in the VAT Act (89/1991) and those of the Melbourne Agreement differ, the tax managers at three major South African telecommunication service providers were interviewed to determine which principles they apply in practice. From the interviews conducted, it was clear that South African telecommunication service providers apply the principles of the Melbourne Agreement and levy VAT at 14% on international telecommunications services provided to its customers and VAT at 0% to foreign network operators for services rendered to non-residents while in South Africa. This is, however, contrary to the normal VAT principles that a service is zero-rated when a service is exported and consumed outside of South Africa and VAT levied at 14% when the service is provided to a non-resident present in South Africa at the time the service is rendered.

Performance and security enhanced authentication and key agreement protocol for SAE/LTE network

In recent years, Long Term Evolution has been one of the promising technologies of current wireless communication systems. Quality of service and data rate contribute for the robustness of the field. These two factors are the sum up of transmission rate, security delay, delay variation and some other communication factors. Despite its high data rate and quality of service, Long Term Evolution has some drawbacks as far as the security of this technology is concerned. Particularly, there are some security holes in authenticating users for access in the domain of Access Network. For instance, when User Equipment requests for attachment, the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) is sent over network without security protection, hence privacy does not hold. In addition, many parameters are generated by invoking a function with only one input key by which compromising this key results in the whole failure of the system security. So as to mitigate these and some other huge security problems, the researchers, propose an improved approach without adding extra cost so that it can be implemented within the same environment as the existing security system (Evolved Packet System Authentication and Key agreement). As one of the performance enhancements, fetching authentication vectors from foreign network is enabled instead of fetching from home network, which significantly reduces the authentication delay and message overhead. Generally, the purpose is to boost the security level and performance of the protocol keeping the architecture of the system as similar as the conventional security system. These has been exhaustively analyzed and verified under network as well as security verification and simulation tools.

ANÁLISE DA EVOLUÇÃO DA CONCENTRAÇÃO INDUSTRIAL NO VAREJO SUPERMERCADISTA BRASILEIRO ENTRE 1998 E 2013

O presente artigo teve como objetivo analisar e determinar a evolução da concentração de mercado do setor supermercadista brasileiro no período compreendido entre 1998 e 2013. O estudo constatou-se que houve aumento da concentração no setor supermercadista, impulsionado pela entrada de redes estrangeiras e pelo expressivo movimento de fusões e aquisições verificados a partir da década de 1990.