Foreign Born Research Articles

Impact of the Patient-Provider Relationship on the Survival of Foreign Born Outpatients with Tuberculosis

Managing tuberculosis in foreign born patients entails a complex interaction between patient and provider. Using a retrospective cohort study and survival analysis, this study evaluates the impact of patient and provider factors on the survival of foreign born outpatients with active tuberculosis. The primary outcome of the study is 1 year all-cause mortality. In our cohort, patient-provider language discordance was associated with an increased risk of death [HR: 2.33; 95% CI: 1.39-3.88], while receiving treatment from a tuberculosis experienced physician [HR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.22-0.77] and treatment in a dedicated tuberculosis clinic [HR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.29-0.98] was associated with a lower risk of death. Patient-provider communication and health systems factors played a large role in the survival of our cohort of foreign born tuberculosis outpatients. These findings suggest that language barriers and the provision of care by experienced providers in specialized clinic settings may have important effects on health outcomes.

Understanding the Workweek of Foreign Born Workers in the United States

I analyze the length of the workweek of foreign-born workers in the U.S. I concentrate on workers supplying long hours of work − 50 or more weekly hours and document that immigrants are less likely than natives to work long hours. Surprisingly, these differences are greatest among highly educated and salary paid workers, and persists even after conditioning for demographic characteristics. I explain these differences with two within occupation characteristics. First, relative to natives, immigrants are less likely to supply long work weeks if they work in occupations where the immigrant-native earnings differential is big. Second, immigrants are also less likely to supply long work weeks when they work in occupations with a wide dispersion of earnings. This second result is important, because the occupation dispersion of earnings has been used to characterize changes of the worker's earnings over the worker life cycle (Bell and Freeman, 2001; Kuhn and Lozano, 2008), and a good measure of the incentives to supply long hours of work.

Birthplace Is Associated with More Adverse Dietary Profiles for US-Born Than for Foreign-Born Latino Adults

Our objective was to examine the association between ethnicity and birthplace and the percent of energy from selected food groups among Hispanics, the largest growing segment of the US population. We used data from NHANES 1999–2004, collected from Mexican (n = 3375) and other Hispanic (n = 622) adults (18 y and older), classified as foreign born (FB) or US born (USB). Using University of North Carolina’s food-grouping system, we created 24 nutrient- and behavioral-based food groups. We examined percent consuming and per-consumer estimates using logistic and linear regression models, respectively. Predicted mean energy was estimated using marginal effect models. All models were controlled for gender, age, income, and education and were weighted to account for sampling design. FB Hispanics obtained more energy from food groups such as legumes, fruits, and low-fat/high-fiber breads, with differences accounted for by a greater percent consuming these foods rather than higher energy intake among consumers. Conversely, FB Hispanics consumed a lower percentage of energy from foods such as non-Mexican fast food and snacks and desserts. Speaking Spanish also was associated with greater consumption of legumes, rice, fruits, soups, and potatoes. Variation in diet may in part account for the difference in nutrition-related adverse health outcomes observed among USB Hispanics, particularly Mexicans. Targeted dietary interventions are needed to reduce health disparities associated with dietary intake.

Imagining Plantations: Slavery, Dominant Narratives, and the Foreign Born

This article examines the responses of over 1000 tourists to an exit survey at Laura Plantation, a tourist museum site located outside of New Orleans, Louisiana. Using Critical Race Theory, we evaluate visitor interest in slavery at the plantation compared to other, more dominant narratives commonly associated with promoting plantation history throughout the U.S. South. By separating the respondents on the basis of race and country of origin, we examined the relative importance of different narratives between these various socio-demographic groups. Findings from some white visitors were not surprising; they out-ranked other visitors groups in their interest in dominant narratives other than slaves. However, the responses from sub-groups of black and foreign born visitors were surprising in that the foreign born group was most interested in slavery at the plantation, even over that of some blacks.

Shared Ancestry, Evolving Stories: Similar and Contrasting Life Experiences Described by Foreign Born and U.S. Born Latino Parents

As the Latino population in the United States continues to increase, so does the necessity for in-depth knowledge about their life experiences. This qualitative study sought to privilege the voices of Latino parents by utilizing focus group discussions. Specifically, participants described the life experiences that have the greatest influence on their parenting efforts. Similar and contrasting themes were identified based on participant country of origin (i.e., foreign born vs. U.S. born). Findings described the participants' commitment to being good parents, as well as the ways in which their parenting efforts are influenced by experiences of adversity and discrimination, Latino cultural values, gender roles, and resilience. The results of this investigation can inform researchers and mental health professionals working with Latino families.

Mining the Treasures in Qualitative Research

In a first reading, the two articles comprising the Special Section “Qualitative Research to Inform Therapeutic Practice” seem to have little in common. The first, Vulvar Pain: A Phenomenological Study of Couples in Search of Effective Diagnosis and Treatment by Jennifer Connor, Bean Robinson, and Elizabeth Wieling (2008), examines a little known medical condition that may be affecting as many as 15% of women. The second, Shared Ancestry, Evolving Stories: Similar and Contrasting Life Experiences Described by Foreign Born and U.S. Born Latino Parents by Jose Ruben Parra-Cardona, David Cordova, Kendal Holtrop, Francisco Villarruel, and Elizabeth Wieling (2008), looks at the commitment to be good parents in two Latino populations. As I dwelled with these papers that I found so compelling, I realized that each utilized the research arena to challenge stereotypes and misguided beliefs. In so doing, each study has the power to bring new ideas and potential practices to the clinical arena. Both studies illuminate the ways that being a minority and experiencing discrimination shapes critical life experiences—sexuality and sexual relationships for women with vulvodynia and their husbands, and raising children for Latino parents. Both populations in these studies face troubling interactions with the very larger systems whose intended purpose is to help and to enable better lives—the medical system for women and their partners, and schools, social service and the workplace for Latino parents. The challenges for family therapists providing clinical services to couples struggling with the impact of vulvodynia on their relationship or Latino parents striving to be the best parents for their children include providing a safe place to acknowledge the impact of prejudice, erase blame toward self and partners, explore ways to persevere and flourish, and help to locate their dilemmas in a frame larger than the boundaries of their own relationships. The two studies are qualitative. As such, they offer us local knowledge and the voices of participants. Parra-Cardona and his colleagues suggest that their research process, focus groups, is itself an intervention, one that somersaults the usual power hierarchy of researcher and subjects. Citing work on focus groups with Latinos (Umana-Taylor & Bamaca, 2004), they tell us “focus groups can be empowering for people who hold less power in society and for those who have experienced discrimination, particularly because participants realize the role of researchers is to learn from their experiences rather than the researchers themselves being experts on the topic of conversation” (Parra-Cardona, Cordova, Holtrop, Villarruel, & Wieling, 2008). Connor and her colleagues reverse the usual research trajectory of small qualitative studies followed by larger quantitative investigations. After citing the few quantitative examinations of vulvodynia and its impact on women (none of the studies looked at the impact on partners or relationships), they proceed to utilize the qualitative method of transcendental phenomenology to “investigate the processes behind some of these quantitative findings” (Connor, Robinson, & Wieling, 2008). As one for whom numbers in quantitative studies always make me yearn for the voices of participants and their lived experiences, I am especially appreciative of this position and urge more of it. I am especially interested in the journal reviewing paired studies, which would give us both quantitative data on significant matters impacting family relationships coupled with qualitative and systemic investigations of the same circumstances, and leading us to speculate soundly and deeply on therapeutic implications and directions. Each of these studies call to our attention the myriad ways humans facing adversities—whether illness, migration, poverty, difference—develop resilient responses. For some, this includes a commitment to activism and to helping others facing similar circumstances. What are the ingredients that lead some to turn outward, serve as advocates and seek community, while others turn inward, guarding privacy, but potentially building a fence of greater silence and shame? I want to call for more studies examining this phenomenon in a variety of adverse situations for couples and families. Many found ways to develop a shared sense of meaning in their most important relationship. Since Family Therapy, regardless of specific model, should enable families to express and hold difference, leading to a larger context of shared meanings, we need more qualitative studies such as these two to point the way.

The prevalence and predictors of tuberculin positivity in subjects screened for reasons other than contact investigation.

No previous studies have estimated the rates of tuberculin positivity (TP) in noncontact populations within the same community, which is important for prioritizing and implementing preventive measures. To estimate the prevalence and predictors of TP in noncontact populations. A retrospective analysis of tuberculin results of noncontact populations screened in British Columbia from 1990 to 2002 was conducted. The period prevalence of TP in 59,791 screened subjects was 12.7% (95% CI 12.4% to 13.0%), 30.4% (95% CI 28.2% to 32.7%) and 60.9% (95% CI 60.3% to 61.6%) for Canadian-born non-Aboriginals (CBNAs), Canadian-born Aboriginals (CBAs) and foreign born (FB), respectively. After controlling for age and sex, independent predictors of TP included Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination (OR 19.6, 95% CI 17.9 to 21.5), country of birth (CBA: OR 2.87, 95% CI 2.44 to 3.37; FB: OR 3.67, 95% CI 3.34 to 4.03) and the following populations: correctional centre residents (OR 4.14, 95% CI 1.87 to 9.15), residents of long-term care and community care facilities (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.44 to 2.23), immigrants (OR 1.75, 95 % CI 1.50 to 2.04), health centre employees (OR 1.71, 95 % CI 1.56 to 1.88), volunteers (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.68), self-referred healthy subjects (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.48) and students (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.35). CBAs, FB and male subjects were less likely to react to tuberculin than CBNAs and female subjects among those vaccinated with Bacille Calmette-Guérin (P<0.05). Rates of TP correlate with disease rates by sex and origin. The continuation of tuberculin screening programs is warranted in noncontact populations with high TP rates, where unknown exposure to active cases is more likely to occur. Further research is needed to determine the reasons why a higher response to tuberculin occurs in BCG-vaccinated women and CBNAs.

Protective and Risk Influences of Drug Use among a Multiethnic Sample of Adolescent Boys

A measurement model was analyzed to demonstrate a differential distribution and cumulative exposure to psychosocial risk and protective influences of adolescent drug use among ethnically-diverse adolescent samples. The sample included U.S.-born (US) Latino (N = 837), foreign-born (FB) Latino (N = 447), White (N = 632), and African American (N = 618) adolescent boys. Psychological Distress, Peer Drug Use, and Adolescent Drug Use were significantly positively correlated with Peer Drug Use and Adolescent Drug Use. In contrast, Family, School, law abidance, and guilt were significantly negatively correlated with Peer Drug Use and Adolescent Drug Use. Multiple group analyses indicated significant similarities and differences among US and FB Latinos, and Whites. Implications for early prevention, multi-level interventions, and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Cancer stage at diagnosis, treatment, and survival among US- and foreign-born Asians and Pacific Islanders with gastric cancer

15018 Background: Asians and Pacific Islanders (APIs) have increased risk of developing gastric cancer, but whether cancer treatments and outcomes vary by birthplace is unknown. We examined the association between birthplace and cancer stage at diagnosis, treatment, and survival comparing API and non-Hispanic white (NHW) patients. Methods: We studied 6840 NHW and 4485 API patients diagnosed with gastric cancer from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program between 1992 and 2003. We used bivariable analyses to compare stage, receipt of adequate lymph node assessment and surgery across groups: US-born APIs, foreign-born (FB) APIs and NHWs. We used multivariable polychotomous logistic and proportional hazards regression models to determine differences between US-born and FB APIs compared to NHWs in cancer stage and survival, respectively. Models included age, marital status, tumor grade, location, and stage (survival only). Results: Of API patients, 29% were US-born, 49% FB and 22% of unknown birthplace. APIs were more likely than NHWs to present with earlier-stage diagnoses and receive surgery and adequate lymph node assessment (p&lt;0. 001). After adjustment, US-born [aOR=0.86 (0.75–0.93)] and FB APIs [aOR=0.76 (0.68–0.84)] were less likely to present at later stages than NHWs. Among APIs, FB patients had fewer lymph node assessed than US-born (p&lt;0.001), but were as likely to present with earlier stage disease and receive surgery. After adjustment, US-born [aHR= 0.90 (0.85–0.98)] and FB APIs [(aHR= 0.85 (0.78–0.92)] had higher survival rates than NHWs. Results were similar after adjusting for treatment. *p &lt;0.001 for comparison with NHW +p&gt;0.05 for comparison among API Conclusions: Compared to US-born APIs, FB API patients with gastric cancer present at later stages and are less likely to receive adequate surgical lymph node assessment. However, both US-born and FB API patients present at earlier stages and experience better survival than non-Hispanic white patients. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Return Migration, Investment in Children, and Intergenerational Mobility: Comparing Sons of Foreign and Native Born Fathers

Return Migration, Investment in Children, and Intergenerational Mobility: Comparing Sons of Foreign and Native Born Fathers

Wage Differentials Between Native and Foreign Born Canadians

The intent of this paper is to estimate the extent of male-female wage differential in a local labor market among the Native born and Foreign born Canadians

Targeting the Foreign Born by Race and Nationality: Counter-Productive in the War on Terrorism

Targeting the Foreign Born by Race and Nationality: Counter-Productive in the War on Terrorism

A Communist Front at Mid-Century: The American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born, 1933–1959. By John W. Sherman. (Westport: Praeger, 2001. xiv, 174 pp. $64.00, ISBN 0-275-97326-3.)

John W. Sherman's A Communist Front at Mid-Century provides a short (174 pages including notes, bibliography, and index) history of the American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born (acpfb). Relying on the ACPFB's papers at the University of Michigan, Sherman discusses its origins in the early 1930s, its heyday in the late 1930s and 1940s as an advocate and legal defender of immigrants, and its slide to insignificance in the 1950s under sustained political and governmental attack for its Communist links. In addition to sketching out the acpfb's organizational history, the chief question Sherman addresses is whether it was a Communist front in any meaningful way. His answer is an emphatic yes, and much of the book is devoted to that point. He argues that the initiative for founding the acpfb originated within the Communist Party, usa (cpusa) and that the acpfb was in reality only a nominally independent successor to the more explicitly partycontrolled National Council for the Protection of Foreign Born founded in 1923. The acpfb recruited an impressive letterhead of multiple vice-presidents and advisory committees sprinkled with prominent liberals, some veteran allies of the cpusa but many oblivious to the party's secret control. Sherman shows, however, that the various advisory committees had only vague responsibilities and no actual authority over the acpfb staff. And members of the staff were secret members of the cpusa or readily accepted party guidance.

Studying cancer incidence and outcomes in immigrants: methodological concerns.

The study of disease patterns in immigrant populations has become an increasingly important public health activity in the United States. For example, in 2000, 28.4 million foreign-born individuals resided in the United States, representing 10.4% of the population.1 The population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program represents an important resource for the study of cancer incidence and outcomes in immigrant and minority racial/ethnic populations. Information on birthplace, an indicator of migrant status, is routinely collected by SEER registries and is generally derived from a patient’s medical records or death certificate.2 Unfortunately, these data are problematic for 2 reasons. First, to our knowledge, birthplace information in these registries is not validated, and thus its accuracy is unknown. Second, birthplace information is missing for a substantial proportion of patients, and its level of completeness continually decreases.3 Despite these methodological problems, this variable continues to be used in analyses of cancer incidence among Asian subgroups and their descendants,4–11 examinations of the relationship of birthplace to tumor size and stage among Asians12 and Hispanics,13 and investigations of the effect of birthplace on breast cancer survival among Asians.14 Hoping to inform and improve the quality of future analyses of birthplace as it relates to cancer patterns, we outline here some of our ongoing research on the utility of the birthplace variable in the San Francisco/Oakland and San Jose/Monterey SEER registries and discuss the results of previously published studies in the light of our findings involving this variable. We found that 67% of patients diagnosed in the period 1988 to 1996 had complete birthplace information in the registries.2 This percentage varied by race/ethnicity, with Vietnamese and other Southeast Asians having the highest level of complete data (88.5%) and non-Hispanic Whites having the lowest (65.3%). The most significant factor associated with birthplace completeness was vital status; information from death certificates can supplement existing information by supplying missing birthplace data. In addition, completeness of the birthplace variable in the registries examined was not random but varied according to characteristics such as patient age, year of diagnosis, and hospital teaching status, ownership status, and size. Preliminary results from an ongoing study comparing registry data and selfreported birthplace revealed that the sensitivity and positive predictive value of birthplace data among specific Asian subgroups were quite high, indicating generally good validity (Table 1 ▶). Overall, however, Asians with no birthplace information were less likely to be foreign born than Asians with birthplace information (Table 2 ▶). This pattern was seen across all Asian subgroups except for Vietnamese, of whom the vast majority were foreign born. TABLE 1 —Validity of Registry Data Birthplace Information, by Asian Subgroup: Greater Bay Area Cancer Registry, 1988–2000 TABLE 2 —Birthplace Distribution (Percent Foreign–Born) Among Participants With Known and Unknown Registry Birthplace Information, by Asian Subgroup: Greater Bay Area Cancer Registry, 1988–2000 Therefore, incidence rates computed under the assumption that patients with no birthplace data have the same birthplace distribution as those with complete data4–11,15 will represent overestimates for foreign-born Asians and underestimates for US-born Asians. For example, in a survival analysis conducted by Pineda et al.,14 inflation of the hazard rate of death due to breast cancer was greater for US-born Asians than for their foreign-born counterparts, because patients with missing birthplace information were excluded from the analysis (and because complete birthplace data are more likely to be available for deceased patients than for patients who are alive). Similarly, in 2 recently published studies examining birthplace in relation to breast cancer tumor size and stage among Asians12 and Hispanics,13 24.2% of Asians and 37.3% of Hispanics with unknown birthplace data were excluded. As a result, the findings of these studies are subject to selection bias in that completeness of birthplace information was likely to be associated with the outcomes under investigation, given that breast cancer patients at advanced stages and with larger tumor sizes generally have worse survival rates than patients at earlier stages and with smaller tumor sizes. Inclusion of birthplace information in research designs can result in the identification of vulnerable subpopulations to be targeted for public health services, and such data can provide etiological insights as well. However, if this increasingly important information is to be useful, hospitals need to adopt policies aimed at improving its collection; the quality and completeness of birthplace data can be improved only at the level of the reporting facilities.

Exporting and importing criminality: Incarceration of the Foreign Born

Since previous studies have found that crime rates vary by immigrant group there is a need to dis‐aggregate immigrants by country of birth in order to obtain a more accurate representation of the relationship between migrants and crime. This study examines data from six countries (Australia, Canada, France, Italy, the Netherlands, and the U.S.A.) on the country of birth of their inmate populations. The following observations are reasonable conclusions from the data available. First, the percentages of each home country's inmate population that is foreign‐born varies remarkably. Second, in general foreign‐born inmates tend to come from regions outside the region within which the host country was located, though in most cases from regions that were proximate. Third, given the small number of countries reporting, it is intriguing that just a small number of countries and regions can account for such a high proportion of a home country's inmate population if one includes the numbers of a country's citizens who are housed in foreign prisons as part of that original country's inmate population. The paper concludes with a discussion of a number of policy implications that flow from these findings.

A communist front at mid-century: the American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born, 1933-1959

Preface Beginnings United Against Fascism: The Party and Its Popular Front Battling Deportations, 1935-1939 Turnaround: The Party and the Nazi-Soviet Pact Following the Line, 1939-1941 Crisis: From People's War to Cold War Winning the Peace, 1941-1948 Persecution: The Red Scare Defending the Comrades, 1949-1955 Endings The Vitality Principle Bibliography

Audiological Assessment of “We, the Foreign Born”

Audiological Assessment of “We, the Foreign Born”

The Clinical and Epidemiologic Characteristics of Foreign Born Latinos at An Urban Hiv Clinic

The Clinical and Epidemiologic Characteristics of Foreign Born Latinos at An Urban Hiv Clinic

English Fluency of Recent Hispanic Immigrants to the United States in 1980 and 1990

Previous articleNext article No AccessEnglish Fluency of Recent Hispanic Immigrants to the United States in 1980 and 1990Alberto Davila and Marie T. MoraAlberto DavilaUniversity of Texas—Pan American Search for more articles by this author and Marie T. MoraNew Mexico State University Search for more articles by this author University of Texas—Pan AmericanNew Mexico State UniversityPDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Economic Development and Cultural Change Volume 48, Number 2January 2000 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/452463 Views: 37Total views on this site Citations: 12Citations are reported from Crossref © 2000 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Joyce M. Northwood, Sherrie L.W. Rhine , Journal of Consumer Affairs 52, no.22 ( 2018): 317.https://doi.org/10.1111/joca.12150Veena S. Kulkarni, Xiaohan Hu English Language Proficiency among the Foreign Born in the United States, 1980–2007: Duration, Age, Cohort Effects , International Migration Review 48, no.33 (Jul 2018): 762–800.https://doi.org/10.1111/imre.12060Ilana Redstone Akresh, Douglas S. Massey, Reanne Frank Beyond English proficiency: Rethinking immigrant integration, Social Science Research 45 (May 2014): 200–210.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.01.005Yuval Arbel, Danny Ben-Shahar, Yossef Tobol The Correlation among Immigrant Homeownership, Objective and Subjective Characteristics, and Civic Participation: New Evidence from the Israeli Experience, Urban Studies 49, no.1111 (Dec 2011): 2479–2499.https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098011427187Ilana Redstone Akresh, Reanne Frank At the intersection of self and other: English language ability and immigrant labor market outcomes, Social Science Research 40, no.55 (Sep 2011): 1362–1370.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2010.05.007Michael McCarthy Spoken fluency revisited, English Profile Journal 1 (Sep 2010).https://doi.org/10.1017/S2041536210000012Robert W. Schrauf English Use Among Older Bilingual Immigrants in Linguistically Concentrated Neighborhoods: Social Proficiency and Internal Speech as Intracultural Variation, Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology 24, no.22 (Jan 2009): 157–179.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10823-009-9091-0Donald R. Haurin, Stuart S. Rosenthal Language, Agglomeration and Hispanic Homeownership, Real Estate Economics 37, no.22 (Jun 2009): 155–183.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6229.2009.00238.xIlana Redstone Akresh Contexts of English Language Use among Immigrants to the United States, International Migration Review 41, no.44 (Dec 2007): 930–955.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2007.00106.xAnthony P Mora, Marie T Mora, Alberto Dávila The English-Language Proficiency of Recent Immigrants in The U.S. During the Early 1900s, Eastern Economic Journal 33, no.11 (Jan 2007): 65–80.https://doi.org/10.1057/eej.2007.4Marie T. Mora, Alberto Dávila Hispanic Ethnicity, Gender, and the Change in the LEP-Earnings Penalty in the United States During the 1990s, Social Science Quarterly 87, no.s1s1 (Dec 2006): 1295–1318.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2006.00429.xMarie T. Mora English-Language Assistance Programs, English-Skill Acquisition, and the Academic Progress of High School Language Minority Students, Policy Studies Journal 28, no.44 (Nov 2000): 721–738.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.2000.tb02059.x

Are the Foreign Born a Source of Strength for U.S. Science?

We investigated whether foreign-born and foreign-educated scientists and engineers are disproportionately represented among individuals making exceptional contributions to science and engineering in the United States. Using six criteria, including election to the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering, we found that, in almost all instances, contributors are disproportionately foreign born and foreign educated.