Forced Expiratory Volume In 1s Research Articles

Identifying a Genetic Link Between Lung Function and Psoriasis.

The common genetic underpinnings of psoriasis and pulmonary comorbidities have yet to be explored. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with psoriasis and their relationship with pulmonary function using data from the UK Biobank (UKBB) and the Vanderbilt University Medical Center Biobank (BioVU). Out of the 63 psoriasis-associated SNPs identified in previous genome-wide association studies within the European population, we successfully identified 53 SNPs, including proxy SNPs in UKBB database. Following adjustments using age and sex, 31 SNPs displayed statistically significant associations with psoriasis. Among these, 16 SNPs exhibited significant associations with forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1), 14 with forced vital capacity (FVC), and 5 with the FEV1/FVC ratio in the UKBB. In the validation analysis using the BioVU database, 27 of the 31 psoriasis-associated SNPs were available for examination. Notably, the minor allele of SNP rs8016947 was confirmed to be significant, indicating a reduced risk for psoriasis and improved FEV1. Similarly, the minor alleles of SNPs rs17716942 and rs8016947 were associated with a reduced risk of psoriasis and enhanced FVC. However, none of the 5 SNPs significantly associated with the FEV1/FVC ratio in the UKBB displayed significance in the BioVU dataset. This study has unveiled genetic variants that bridge the realms of psoriasis and lung function. The genes associated with these variants, including IFIH1, Grancalcin gene (GCA), and NFKB inhibitor alpha gene (NFKBIA), regulate innate immune responses, which suggests that immunodysregulation, a central element in psoriasis pathogenesis, may also impact lung function, alluding to a "skin-lung axis."

Long-term, real-world effectiveness of biologics for severe uncontrolled asthma: The PROSPECT study.

Long-term, real-world effectiveness of biologics for severe uncontrolled asthma: The PROSPECT study.

Pulmonary function in relation to muscle endurance and functional capacity in children with bronchial asthma

BackgroundBronchial asthma is a major global health concern among children. It poses a significant global public challenge, causing around 22.8 million years of life lost to disability and 495,100 asthma-related deaths.ObjectiveThe goal of the study was to investigate the relationship between pulmonary function in children with bronchial asthma and both the muscle endurance of the deep cervical flexors and overall functional capacity.MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved sixty-four pediatric patients diagnosed with bronchial asthma, aged from 8 to 10 years old from both sexes. Their body mass index was from 5th percentile to less than 85th percentile for age, gender and height. They were evaluated and diagnosed by using spirometry. Pulmonary function (vital capacity(VC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1), forced expiratory volume in 1s / forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), muscle endurance, and functional capacity were assessed by using spirometry, pressure biofeedback, and 6-minutewalk test respectively.ResultsThe findings indicated a clear and significant positive association between pulmonary function measures, including (VC, PEF, FEV1 and the FEV1/FVC ratio), with both the cervical flexion test and the six-minute walk test (6MWT). These correlations were statistically significant, with p-values of ≤ 0.05.ConclusionPulmonary function is associated with endurance of cervical flexors and functional capacity in pediatric patients with bronchial asthma.

Machine-Learning-Based Computed Tomography Radiomics Regression Model for Predicting Pulmonary Function.

Machine-Learning-Based Computed Tomography Radiomics Regression Model for Predicting Pulmonary Function.

Exploring the pathophysiology of anemia in COPD: Insights from chest CT and longitudinal clinical data.

Exploring the pathophysiology of anemia in COPD: Insights from chest CT and longitudinal clinical data.

Impulse oscillometry-derived equation for prediction of abnormal FEV1/FVC ratio for COPD screening in Chinese population: a multicenter cross-sectional study.

Impulse oscillometry-derived equation for prediction of abnormal FEV1/FVC ratio for COPD screening in Chinese population: a multicenter cross-sectional study.

Bronchodilator responsiveness and future chronic airflow obstruction: a multinational longitudinal study.

Bronchodilator responsiveness and future chronic airflow obstruction: a multinational longitudinal study.

Long-term effects of dupilumab on chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: A step towards clinical remission.

Long-term effects of dupilumab on chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: A step towards clinical remission.

Quantity and quality of dietary carbohydrates, low-grade inflammation, and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung function.

Quantity and quality of dietary carbohydrates, low-grade inflammation, and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung function.

Improvement of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ in children with mycoplasma pneumonia through the combination of video scenario-based breathing training and antibiotics.

This study aims to investigate the effects of video scenario-based breathing training on interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in children with Mycoplasma pneumonia. A total of 106 children with Mycoplasma pneumonia treated in our hospital from February 2022 to April 2024 were selected. According to different nursing methods, children receiving routine intervention were assigned to the control group, while those undergoing video scenario-based breathing training were assigned to the training group. The serum inflammatory indexes, improvement time of clinical symptoms and lung function recovery were compared between the two groups before training, and at 1 and 2 weeks after training. Before training, there was no statistically significant difference in serum inflammatory and lung function indexes between the two groups (p > 0.05). After 1 and 2 weeks of training, the forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1), peak expiratory flow rate (PEF), and the ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) in both groups increased, with higher values in the training group than in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The time for cough disappearance, wheezing disappearance, lung rales disappearance and high fever abatement in the training group was lower than that in the control group, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). The levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ decreased in both groups, with lower levels in the training group than in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Video scenario-based breathing training can improve lung function, alleviate clinical symptoms and signs, and reduce serum inflammatory levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ in children with Mycoplasma pneumonia.

Effect of residual lung expansion on pulmonary function after lobectomy.

Pulmonary function after lobectomy is often higher than what is predicted. This occurrence could be related to postoperative expansion of the residual lung. The study aim was to determine if residual lung expansion affects pulmonary function after lobectomy. The participants in this retrospective study were 142 patients who had undergone lobectomy via video-assisted thoracic surgery. Computed tomography and pulmonary function tests were performed preoperatively and 1year postoperatively. Three-dimensional computed tomography volumetry was performed to assess lung volumes preoperatively and postoperatively, and the predicted postoperative forced expiratory volume in 1s was calculated. The residual lung expansion ratio was defined as the postoperative-to-preoperative residual lung volume ratio, and the postoperative forced expiratory volume in 1s ratio was defined as the measured-to-predicted postoperative forced expiratory volume in 1s ratio. The effect of the residual lung expansion ratio on the postoperative forced expiratory volume in 1s ratio as well as the factors affecting the postoperative forced expiratory volume in 1s ratio were evaluated. The median residual lung expansion ratio was 1.17 (interquartile range: 1.10-1.24), and the median postoperative forced expiratory volume in 1s ratio was 1.13 (interquartile range: 1.04-1.21). The residual lung expansion ratio significantly affected postoperative forced expiratory volume in 1s ratio (p < 0.001). After lobectomy, better residual lung expansion was associated with improved postoperative pulmonary function.

Epidemiology, microbiology and clinical impacts of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in adult patients with cystic fibrosis.

Epidemiology, microbiology and clinical impacts of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in adult patients with cystic fibrosis.

Total immunoglobulin E levels in induced sputum reflect asthma control status.

Most patients with severe asthma are sensitized to at least one allergen. Whether local immunoglobulin E (IgE) in induced sputum reflects asthma control status has not been investigated. Patients with asthma were classified as well controlled, partly controlled, and uncontrolled asthma (UCA) according to Global Initiative for Asthma 2022 guidelines. Lung function and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were evaluated. Induced sputum was collected and total IgE and Phadiatop (IgE to common inhalant allergens) measurements were performed. General clinical characteristics and pulmonary inflammation indicators were analyzed between the three groups of asthmatic patients. Univariate and multifactor ordinal logistic regression were used to model the relationship between pulmonary inflammation indicators and asthma control status. The ability of sputum total IgE in identifying different levels of asthma control was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Patients with UCA had worse lung function and airway inflammation as indicated by lower levels of forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1)%pred, FEV1/FVC, MEF75%pred, MEF50%pred and MEF25%pred, and higher levels of FeNO and sputum eosinophil% compared with the WCA group. In addition, higher levels of total sputum IgE and Phadiatop were found in patients with UCA than in patients with WCA and PCA. Univariate and multifactor ordinal logistic regression analysis indicated that sputum total IgE was the unique significant risk factor for poor asthma control (adjusted odds ratio=6.25; 95% CI, 1.07-36.55; p<0.05) among pulmonary inflammation indicators including different indices of pulmonary function test, sputum IgE and FeNO. Sputum total IgE levels showed a significant correlation with asthma control scores (r=0.53, p<0.001). Moreover, ROC analysis showed that the predictive value of sputum total IgE for patients with UCA was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.74-0.9). Sputum total IgE reflects levels of asthma control, and can be used as an indicator of UCA.

Assessing the utility of fractional exhaled nitric oxide-guided management in adult patients with asthma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Assessing the utility of fractional exhaled nitric oxide-guided management in adult patients with asthma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The discrepant effect of blood glucose on the risk of early and late lung injury: a national cohort study

BackgroundThe association between glycemic control and short-, and long-term lung health remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between glucose control and overall lung health in a national cohort.MethodsThe analysis included 5610 subjects from NHANES 2007–2012. We assessed the correlation of glycemic status with respiratory symptoms (cough, sputum, wheeze, and exertional dyspnea), lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1-s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC)), and obstructive or restrictive lung disease (RLD). Furthermore, we determined all-cause mortality in patients with restrictive lung disease by linking data to the National Mortality Index records up to December 31, 2019.ResultsThe study involved the examination of respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function tests, and mortality analyses encompassing 3714, 3916, and 173 subjects, respectively. Multifactorial regression analyses revealed that a 1% increase in blood glucose was associated with a reduction in effect sizes (β) for FVC and FEV1 by -1.66% (-2.47%, -0.86%) and -1.94% (-2.65%, -1.23%), respectively. This increase also exhibited correlations with an elevated risk of exertional dyspnoea, restrictive ventilation dysfunction, and all-cause mortality, presenting odds ratios (ORs) of 1.19 (1.06, 1.33), 1.22 (1.10, 1.36), and 1.61 (1.29, 2.01), respectively. Regarding glycemic control, patients with improved control demonstrated stronger associations with early lung damage, significantly correlating with reduced FVC (β -10.90%, [-14.45%, -7.36%]) and FEV1 (β -9.38%, [-12.90%, -5.87%]). Moreover, they experienced a notably higher risk of exertional dyspnoea (adjusted OR 2.09, [1.35- 3.24]), while the diabetic group with poorer glycemic control showed more significant connections with advanced lung damage. This group exhibited significant associations with an increased risk of restrictive ventilatory dysfunction (adjusted OR, 2.56, [1.70–3.86]) and all-cause mortality (hazard ratios [HRs] 2.65, [1.05–6.67]), all compared to the reference group with normal glycemic metabolism.ConclusionsElevated blood glucose exhibited an inverse correlation with both long-term and short-term lung health. A negative L-shaped relationship was observed between glycemic control and early lung injury, along with a linearly negative association concerning late-stage lung damage. Given the cross-sectional nature of this study, a longitudinal investigation is needed to validate our findings.

Baseline Characteristics of Dupilumab-Treated Patients with Asthma in the Real World: The RAPID Global Registry.

Patients with uncontrolled, moderate-to-severe asthma have a higher risk for exacerbations, negatively impacting lung function and quality of life. Dupilumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody, blocks interleukins 4 and 13, key and central drivers of type 2 inflammation. Dupilumab has been effective in the treatment of certain types of moderate-to-severe asthma across several clinical trials. We describe the characteristics of patients enrolled in RAPID, a global prospective registry, who initiated dupilumab (primary indication: asthma) in a real-world clinical setting. A total of 205 patients (aged≥12years) were enrolled between March 2020 and October 2021 and are included in this analysis. Data are shown as mean (SD) unless stated otherwise. Patients were aged 50.1 (17.4) years and were mostly female (65.4%) and white (74.1%). At enrollment, 24.4% reported being current/former smokers and 86.8% had moderate-to-severe asthma (Global Initiative for Asthma steps 3-5). A mean (SD) of 4.4 (6.4) severe asthma exacerbations were reported in the year before enrolling in the registry in 78 of 152 patients with available data. Patients had reduced lung function [pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1): 2.3 (1.1) L; pre-bronchodilator percent predicted FEV1: 70.3 (20.3) %] and poor asthma control [6-item Asthma Control Questionnaire: 2.4 (1.2); Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire: 4.1 (1.3)]. The median (Q1-Q3) blood eosinophil count was 305 (200-695) cells/µL and the mean (SD) fractional exhaled nitric oxide levels were 42 (35) ppb (range: 4-186ppb). Our findings suggest that most patients who enrolled in RAPID and initiated dupilumab in real-world clinical settings had a high disease burden, despite receiving current standard-of-care treatment at enrollment.

Effects of NUSS surgery on degree of flat thoracic cage, cardiopulmonary function, and bone metabolism in pectus excavatum patients of different ages.

This study was to explore the degree of flat thoracic cage (FTC), cardiopulmonary function, and bone metabolism of pectus excavatum (PE) children of different ages after NUSS surgery. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 90 children with PE who underwent minimally invasive pectus excavatum correction surgery (NUSS), divided into three age groups: group I (1-3years), group II (3-6years), and group III (6-12years), with 30 patients in each group. The study compared differences in thoracic flattening index, surgical-related metrics, pulmonary function, peripheral blood levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium, magnesium, zinc, and phosphorus, and complication rates among the groups. Preoperative ALP level increased with aging of the children (P < 0.05). After surgery, the FTC index and ALP level of all the three groups greatly decreased, but increased with aging (P < 0.05). The operating time, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative duration of analgesia also showed a trend of group III > group II > group I (P < 0.05). Postoperative levels of pulmonary function, including vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), maximum expiratory flow at 75% of vital capacity (MEF75), maximum expiratory flow at 50% of vital capacity (MEF50), maximum expiratory flow at 25% of vital capacity (MEF25), and maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF), were significantly higher than preoperative levels in group I (P < 0.05); but without significant changes in groups II and III (P > 0.05). Neglectable differences were found in peripheral blood Ca, Mg, Zn, and P levels before and after surgery and postoperative complications in three groups (P > 0.05). The degree of FTC worsened with aging; the younger the children receiving NUSS surgery are, the more obvious the improvement of postoperative PF.

Occupational exposure to aerosols in two French airports: multi-year lung function changes.

As differential exposure to airport-generated aerosols may affect employee lung function, the main objective of this study was to longitudinally evaluate spirometry measures among Air France employees. In addition, an exploratory exposure assessment to airport aerosol was performed in a small cohort of workers using personal monitoring devices. Change in lung function over a ~6.6-yr period was documented for office workers (n = 68) and mechanics (n = 83) at Paris-Roissy airport, France and terminal (n = 29), or apron (n = 35) workers at Marseille airport, France. Overall, an excessive decline in lung function was found for 24.75% of airport workers; excessive decline occurred more often for terminal workers (44.83%) as compared to mechanics (14.47%; P = 0.0056), with a similar tendency for apron workers (35.29%) as compared to mechanics (P = 0.0785). Statistically significant differences/tendencies were detected among the yearly rates of change for %-predicted values of forced expiratory volume in 1 s, forced vital capacity, peak expiratory flow, and from 25% to 75% forced expiratory flow. For the latter variables, the terminal and/or apron workers at Marseille generally had significantly faster lung function decline as compared to office workers and/or mechanics in Paris, although the latter were exposed to a higher level of elemental carbon. No relation between lung function decline and exposure to airport tarmac environments was evidenced. Multivariate exploration of individual variables representing sex, smoking, atopy, respiratory disease, residential PM2.5 pollution, the peak size of particles in lung exhalates or exhaled carbon monoxide at the time of follow-up failed to explain the observed differences. In conclusion, this study documents the first evidence of excessive lung function decline among certain airport workers in France, although the identification of emission sources (environmental factors, aircraft exhaust, etc) remains challenging.

Abstract 4139438: Prognostic Value of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in a Contemporary Pediatric Fontan Cohort

Background: Peak exercise capacity via cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) has been shown to have prognostic significance in adult Fontan patients. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the role of CPET in predicting death or need for transplantation in pediatric Fontan patients. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that patients with lower baseline exercise capacity would have worse outcomes. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of pediatric patients ≤ 18 years of age who had a lateral tunnel or extracardiac Fontan and underwent a CPET (respiratory exchange ratio ≥ 1.0) and spirometry between 2004 and 2022. Serial analysis was performed for patients with CPETs ≥ 2 years apart. Restrictive lung pattern was categorized as forced vital capacity (FVC) ≤ 80% predicted with a normal or increased forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1)/FVC, obstructive pattern as FEV1/FVC ≤ 80% predicted, and mixed pattern as FVC ≤ 80% predicted and FEV1/FVC ≤ 80%. Cardiovascular adverse events (CAE) included mortality or cardiac transplantation. Univariate regression analysis was performed. Results: A total of 114 patients were included. The mean age at baseline CPET was 12.9 ± 2.9 years and average age at Fontan operation was 3.3 ± 1.7 years. The baseline peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) was 31.7 ± 7.7mL/kg/min (83.5 ± 10.9% predicted) (Table 1). A total of 80/114 patients had reproducible spirometry with 51 (63.8%) being normal, 22 (27.5%) restrictive pattern, 6 (7.5%) obstructive pattern, and 1 (1.3%) mixed pattern. Serial CPETs were performed in 51 of 114 (44.7%) patients with a mean duration between CPETs of 3.5 ± 2.5 years. The percent predicted VO2peak changed by -0.73 ± 5.88% per year. A total of 15 out of 114 patients (13.2%) had CAE over a mean follow up of 7.8 ± 4.7 years. Each 1-minute increase in exercise duration achieved at baseline resulted in a 28.1% risk reduction in CAE. Conclusion: Exercise capacity is maintained during the adolescent years in a contemporary cohort of pediatric Fontan patients. A higher baseline exercise duration is associated with a lower risk for future CAE. A majority of pediatric Fontan patients had normal spirometry.

Effect of Tezepelumab on Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT)-22 Domain and Symptom-Specific Scores in Patients with Severe, Uncontrolled Asthma and a History of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps.

Tezepelumab blocks the activity of thymic stromal lymphopoietin, an epithelial cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). In a previous analysis, tezepelumab improved asthma and rhinosinusitis symptoms compared with placebo in patients with severe, uncontrolled asthma and a history of CRSwNP in the 2years before randomization in the NAVIGATOR study. This post hoc analysis of patients with a CRSwNP diagnosis at any time before randomization in NAVIGATOR enabled domain and symptom-specific analyses of Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT)-22 outcomes. Patients (aged 12-80years) with severe, uncontrolled asthma were randomized to tezepelumab 210mg or placebo subcutaneously every 4weeks for 52weeks. SNOT-22 total, domain, and item scores were assessed in patients with a history of CRSwNP. Annualized asthma exacerbation rate (primary efficacy outcome), pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1s, and Asthma Control Questionnaire-6, Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (standardized) for patients 12years and older, and Asthma Symptom Diary scores were also assessed in patients with and without a history of CRSwNP. Of 1059 patients with severe asthma, 165 (15.6%) had a history of CRSwNP. Tezepelumab treatment resulted in sustained improvements versus placebo in SNOT-22 total score throughout the 52-week study period [least-squares mean difference (95% confidence interval) - 11.08 (- 17.80, - 4.35)]. Tezepelumab improved all five SNOT-22 domain scores (sleep, nasal, function, ear/facial, and emotion) and the five SNOT-22 item scores of most clinical interest (decreased sense of smell/taste, nasal blockage, reduced productivity, waking up tired, and cough). Tezepelumab improved asthma-related clinical outcomes in patients with and without a history of CRSwNP. In patients with severe, uncontrolled asthma and a history of CRSwNP, tezepelumab improved rhinosinusitis symptoms across multiple domains, as well as asthma exacerbations, lung function, asthma control, and health-related quality of life. NCT03347279 ( https://classic. gov/ct2/show/NCT03347279 ).