Soluble Aβ oligomers are categorized as major agents of Alzheimer's disease progression, instead of insoluble fibrils. The binding affinity of Aβ peptides on the gold surface is associated with the biocorona due to the Vroman effect. This phenomenon can be used to screen and/or remove highly toxic amyloid pieces using gold nanoparticles. In this context, the binding process of Aβ40 and Aβ42 dimers to the gold nanosurface was investigated via atomistic simulations, including molecular dynamics (MD) and steered-MD (SMD) simulations. In particular, the obtained results indicate that the Aβ17-42 dimer exhibits a stronger binding affinity to the gold surface than the Aβ17-40 dimer in terms of the rupture force, pulling work, and Jarzynski's free energy analyses. During this process, the van der Waals (vdW) interaction energy plays an important role, and Aβ17-42 adopts a significantly larger value compared with Aβ17-40. The enlarged interaction is caused by the additional hydrophobic residues at the C-terminus, including Ile41 and Ala42. Furthermore, free energy landscape outcomes demonstrate that Aβ17-42 maintains a rigid β-hairpin during the dissociation process, while Aβ17-40 becomes a random coil.

Nomograms for predicting survival of elderly patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma: a secondary analysis of the CCTG CE.6 trial.

ABSTRACT Oscillating laser‐arc hybrid welding (OLAHW) integrates synergistic heat sources and a stirring effect from its high‐frequency oscillating beam, offering significant advantages in weld structure and adaptability. However, its broader industrial adoption is hindered by molten pool instability, collapse, and weld failure, especially when confronted with fluctuating gap conditions. To address these challenges and illuminate the welding instability mechanisms of OLAHW under gap variations, this study utilizes an experimental platform. Using a combination of experimental research and theoretical modeling, we investigated the effects of process parameters—laser power, welding speed, and scanning diameter—on weld appearance under different gap conditions. Furthermore, by analyzing the energy distribution and the force analysis of the molten pool root, we established a parameter normalization model and an equivalent force model of the molten pool. Based on this, the coupling regulation mechanism of “gap‐energy‐force” was clarified. The results show that dynamic regulation of laser power, welding speed, and scanning diameter can effectively suppress the melt pool instability caused by gap fluctuation, thus improving the weld appearance. This work provides a theoretical basis for real‐time parameter optimization of industrial welding.

Abstract Magnetic levitation systems, and in particular, superconducting bearings, are one of the possible practical applications of high-temperature superconductors. In recent years, windings from HTS tapes have been increasingly used as a material for manufacturing of superconducting bearings. Moreover, bearings can be made both on the basis of non-closed windings and closed windings, which are manufactured by making a central cut in the HTS tape. This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the load characteristics of radial bearings based on closed and non-closed HTS windings. The dependence of axial force on axial displacement in a wide range of temperatures, from 40 K to 77.4 K, has been investigated. Modeling of current distribution in a superconducting system using the finite element method and an analysis of the behavior of the axial force in the system have been carried out. The calculation results coincide with the experimental data with high accuracy. The results of measurements showed that the maximum axial force is higher for non-closed windings, but the differences become smaller as the temperature decreases. However, bearings based on closed HTS windings can be more advantageous in systems with low operating temperatures, in which large displacements from the equilibrium position are possible.

Analysis of pest and five forces porter in planning the company's system and strategy in business competition is very necessary. Where external business environment analysis can help as a reference in planning the achievement of a company's strategic goals. This research aims to identify factors influencing business competition among music education institutions using Porter's Five Forces analysis and PEST analysis, which will serve as input for music schools when developing strategies to increase their competitiveness. In this study, the author observed a music school to examine data and documents, and also interviewed the owner to gather the necessary information. The final results of the PEST analysis include an analysis of external factors affecting music schools. The analysis results from Porter's Five Forces analysis include analysis of new entrants, substitute products, consumers, suppliers, and industry competition. PEST and Porter's Five Forces analysis within the music school business will be helpful in identifying external factors affecting music schools, industry competition, new entrants, and substitute products. The recommendation from this research is that the results of the PEST analysis and Porter's Five Forces analysis are expected to provide input regarding external factors that may impact music schools, along with an analysis of industry competition. This will significantly support companies in implementing Information Systems and Information Technology planning.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors causing the decline in sales performance at Zamra Backyard using Porter’s Five Forces external analysis and VRIO internal analysis. A qualitative approach with a descriptive design through in-depth interview data collection techniques was conducted with the owner, operational manager, regular customers, and potential customers. Observation and documentation studies were also used as supporting data collection techniques in this study. The results of the VRIO analysis indicate that internal competitiveness is weak, especially in the quality of dishes which are considered mediocre, limited menu variety, less accessible locations, and inadequate parking facilities. Meanwhile, Porter’s Five Forces analysis shows highly competitive pressure, characterized by strong customer bargaining power, high threats of new entrants, increasing substitute products, and increasingly tight industry competition due to the large number of cafes with similar concepts and easier access. The implications of the study emphasize the need to improve menu quality and innovation, improve physical access, improve service quality, adjust prices based on customer value, and optimize digital promotions to restore Zamra Backyard’s competitiveness amidst the tight cafe industry.

In recent years, with the continuous development of technological innovation, the frequency of the combined application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with various industries has been on the rise, and the development of the UAVs industry has become an inevitable trend. This report will provide an industry analysis for the UAV industry. We will first give an overview for UAV industry, then discuss the attractiveness and potential of the industry, and using the Five forces analysis and the SWOT analysis to demonstrate the strength and weakness of the DJI Technology Co., Ltd as a leading company within the industry. By analyzing the case of DJI and introducing its current development status and product innovation points, this paper explores how DJI maintain its competitiveness by innovations and strategies. Based on those analysis, this paper aims to study what corporate strategies DJI adopts to enter overseas markets and become an outstanding enterprise in a highly competitive environment. This paper hope to provide experience and inspiration for the development of new enterprises that want to enter or have already entered the drone market in the future, namely core technological innovation, differentiation strategy, and achieving cost advantages. Furthermore, we also provide suggestions for DJI's future development direction.

Directed transport of bubbles is crucial for achieving precise microfluidic control, improving energy efficiency, and optimizing gas-liquid reaction processes. However, significant challenges still remain in achieving controllable and efficient directed transport of bubbles. Due to surface isotropy (in chemistry and morphology), contact angle hysteresis (CAH), and micro-defects on uniform solids, bubble-directed transport faces significant energy barriers and motion discontinuities. These limitations hinder spontaneous and precise bubble motion. As an innovative passive strategy, wettability gradient surfaces (WGS) induce asymmetric forces through surface energy gradients, directing bubbles along specific paths. Concurrently, the Laplace pressure difference (ΔP) induced by surface geometric gradients further enhances bubble-directed transport efficiency. This approach enables spontaneous, directional bubble motion without external force fields, offering advantages including low energy consumption, structural simplicity, and high controllability. It thus provides efficient, energy-saving solutions for diverse applications. This review initially introduces bubble wettability theory and presents the dynamic theory of bubble behavior through force analysis. It then discusses recent advances in the spontaneous directed transport of bubbles on surfaces with energy or geometric gradients, and offers an in-depth analysis of the synergistic and competitive mechanisms between surface energy and geometric gradients in driving processes. Subsequently, advanced methods for fabricating WGS (e.g., laser processing, electrochemical methods, self-assembly, additive manufacturing) are summarized. Potential applications in bubble collection, microfluidics, and heat transfer are also outlined. By integrating these aspects, this review aims to provide theoretical foundations and practical guidance for developing and optimizing WGS, thereby promoting technological innovation and expanding the applications of bubble-directed transport.

Tai Chi Chuan is a kind of Neijia Quanshu for Wushu. Swing force is the fundamental guarantee for its implementation of bringing in and losing balance, taking advantage of aggressiveness, and controlling Yang with Yin to defeat opponents. Based on the analysis of Tai Chi Chuan's swing force, this paper explores its value in maintaining, enhancing, and improving the spine function, establishing and improving Tai Chi Chuan's theory system of health care for the spine. Method: To interpret Tai Chi Chuan's swinging force in three dimensions: up and down, back and forth, left and right, and comprehensively analyze its maintenance and improvement of the normal physiological function of the spine from the perspective of health preservation. Tai Chi Chuan's swing force is a reciprocating motion by linking up segments with Dantian as the core, which acts downwards on the ground through the lower body and then passes up to the top of the head through the spine of the middle body, and then drives the upper body. When Tai Chi Chuan swings to exert force, linking up segments of the middle body depends on the movement of the spine, which has a health effect. Mainly manifested in: 1. When swinging, a line is required between the top of the head, the tail end, and the bottom of the foot, which helps to maintain the median and S curves of the spine and the firmness between joints; 2. When the swinging force is exerted, the internal movement of the spine runs through pulling the tendons of the spine, and then bringing the swells onto the peripheral muscles, which not only makes the spine movable, but also conducts the spines in turn, thus improving the motion function of the spine 3. The continuity of the spine is helpful to strengthen Qi and blood circulation of the Du meridian, Ren meridian, and connected meridians, thus enhancing the physiological function of the spine 4. When the swing force is exerted, the movement of the spine can promote the treatment and rehabilitation of spinal-related diseases. Tai Chi Chuan's swinging force has a good health effect on preserving, maintaining, and improving the normal physiological function of the spine, promoting the treatment and rehabilitation of spinal-related diseases, and preventing the occurrence of various spinal diseases.

Analysis of hydrodynamic forces on solid particles in mixing tanks using coupled CFD–DEM method: Influence of impeller pumping direction and speed on mixing dynamics

Locomotive syndrome (LS) is defined as reduced mobility due to locomotor dysfunction. The sit-to-stand (STS) movement is a fundamental daily activity, and biomechanical parameters derived from STS capture quantitative aspects of mobility. However, their association with LS severity remains unclear. We aimed to examine whether STS parameters are associated with LS severity in this cross-sectional study. We analyzed 1047 adults (619 males, 428 females; median age 54 years) who underwent musculoskeletal health screening. LS stage was classified into non-LS, LS1, LS2, and LS3 using the stand-up test, two-step test, and the 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale. STS performance was measured with the STS force analyzer, and three parameters were derived: maximum ground reaction force normalized to body weight (F/w), rate of force development normalized to body weight (RFD/w), and stabilization time (ST). Associations between LS stage and these parameters were assessed using ordinal logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index. Among participants, 47.0% were non-LS, 46.0% LS1, 5.8% LS2, and 1.1% LS3. Compared with non-LS, both F/w and RFD/w were significantly lower in LS1 and LS2, while ST was significantly longer in LS1. In ordinal logistic regression analysis, only RFD/w remained significantly associated with LS stage after adjustment (odds ratio: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.76-0.94; p = 0.002). Our findings revealed that only lower RFD/w was independently associated with LS severity, suggesting that RFD/w could complement conventional LS risk tests.

Background:A novel retropatellar tendon implant (LIFT) that is fixed deep to the patellar tendon proximal to the tibial tubercle may provide patellofemoral offloading benefits.Purpose/Hypothesis:The purpose of this study was to analyze the patellofemoral contact pressures from 0° to 60° of knee flexion in 3 states: (1) intact knee, (2) knee with the implantation of a retropatellar tendon implant, and (3) knee with a 45° anteromedialization tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO). It was hypothesized that the implant would significantly reduce the contact pressure between the patella and trochlea compared with the intact state and produce a similar offloading effect as an anteromedializing TTO.Study Design:Controlled laboratory study.Methods:Trochlear pressure sensors were placed in 7 cadaveric knees (6 donors). Patellofemoral contact area, contact pressure, peak force, and center of force were measured using a model for native quadriceps force on the patella. On each specimen, measurements were taken in an intact state, after implantation of a novel retropatellar tendon implant, and after a 45° anteromedializing TTO. Force data were collected from 0° to 60° of flexion in 15° increments and normalized to each specimen's intact state.Results:Compared with the intact and implant groups, the TTO reduced the contact area at 30°, 45°, and 60° of flexion. TTO reduced contact pressure compared with intact from 15° to 60° of flexion, and reduced contact pressure at 15° when compared with the implant. The implant reduced the contact pressure compared with the intact state at 30° and 45° of flexion. For peak force, TTO reduced the force seen in 15° to 60° of flexion compared with the intact condition, while outperforming the implant at 15° of flexion. The implant reduced the peak force compared with the intact condition at 30° of flexion. Center of force analysis revealed that the implant medialized the center of force at 45° and 60° of flexion.Conclusion:The main finding from our biomechanical cadaveric study was that the novel retropatellar tendon implant did not reduce patellofemoral contact area, contact pressure, and peak force as much as a 45° anteromedializing TTO. The implant does reduce peak and contact pressures in early degrees of knee flexion compared with native states.Clinical Relevance:An implant that allows for offloading patellofemoral contact pressures without the morbidity, complication profile, or postoperative rehabilitation associated with a TTO may aid in the treatment of patellofemoral chondral lesions and retropatellar knee pain.

Abstract This paper proposes an optimization of the single-tooth geometry to improve the performance of window milling cutters, addressing challenges such as high cutting forces, rapid tool wear, and difficult chip removal when milling high-hardness casings. Based on metal cutting theory and the Johnson-Cook isomorphic equation, a finite element model of single tooth-casing interaction is established. Combined with a cutting force analysis model, the study systematically investigates how the rake angle (γ) and side angle (λ) affect cutting force and chip morphology. Experimental validation using three-way force measurement shows that, at γ=-4° and λ=5°, the cutting force is minimized, force fluctuations are lowest, and specific cutting energy consumption decreases by 14%. The resulting chips form as short curls, which effectively improves chip removal and extends tool life. The results demonstrate that these optimized parameters are suitable for high-strength casing milling in deep and old wells, providing technical support for the renovation of old wells.

Effect of a soy protein isolate/sodium alginate-stabilized diacylglycerol pre-emulsion prepared by ultrasound-assisted homogenization on properties and structure of pork myofibrillar protein composite gel.

Abstract Piezoelectric/piezomagnetic nanoplates exhibit miniaturization, intelligence, and excellent mechanical-electromagnetic energy conversion capabilities, making them critical for the functionality of micro/nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and serving as the foundation for designing highly sensitive, compact nano-electromechanical systems. The strain gradient is a key parameter influencing the flexural effect. As the size decreases and deformation increases, the strain gradient in piezoelectric/piezomagnetic nanoplates rises rapidly, enhancing both the flexoelectric and flexomagnetic effects. This paper proposes for the first time a double-layer rectangular nano-laminates model consisting of a piezoelectric layer and a piezomagnetic layer, which simultaneously takes into account flexoelectric effect, flexomagnetic effect and surface effect. Through force analysis, the equilibrium equation of the nano-layered structure model is obtained, and then the control equation of the model is further derived. By substituting different boundary conditions, analytical solutions for the deflection and natural frequencies of the piezoelectric/piezomagnetic nano-laminates under bending are derived. The influences of surface effects, flexoelectric effects, flexomagnetic effects, boundary conditions, aspect ratios, and thickness ratios on bending deflection and natural frequencies are discussed. The surface effects, flexoelectric effects, and flexomagnetic effects impact the mechanical properties of the nano-laminates to varying degrees, and their influence is constrained by displacement boundary conditions.

Organic agriculture presents a promising pathway for sustainable farming, responding to the growing global demand driven by increasing health consciousness and environmental awareness. Owing to its diverse agro-climatic conditions and long-standing traditional farming systems, India possesses significant potential for growth in organic cultivation. However, the sector is constrained by challenges such as market concentration, price competitiveness, complex regulatory frameworks and limited product diversification in comparison to global competitors. This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of growth patterns, export instability and geographic concentration in India’s organic exports. Using quantitative methods, SWOT analysis and a detailed policy review, the research identifies actionable strategies to address current limitations. Porter’s Five Forces analysis assesses competitiveness, while key performance indicators (KPIs) track progress. The study proposes a strategic framework designed to streamline regulatory processes, diversify target markets and enhance value-added products within the organic products sector. These measures aim to enhance India's competitiveness and sustainability in the global organic marketplace. With the right strategies and policies, India can lead the global organic market, reach USD 5 billion in exports by 2030 and promote both ecological balance and rural development.

ABSTRACT Existing luminescent pressure sensors, including multi‐modal ones, rely on a single spectroscopic parameter at a time for optical readout, which limits their sensing accuracy and precision. This work presents the first example of a truly multiparametric luminescent manometer, simultaneously utilizing several parameters for optical readout—based on the photophysical analysis of Ce 3+ in a single‐crystal yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) host. The band energies, intensities, bandwidths and excited‐state lifetime of the Ce 3+ ‐doped YAG are studied under extreme conditions (>14 GPa), to assess its potential as a new‐generation optical pressure gauge. Both conventional single‐parameter and the proposed multiparametric approaches are applied to the same dataset to evaluate its sensing performance. This new, multiparametric approach, based on multiple linear regression (MLR), led to a 50‐fold increase in relative sensitivity and a 4‐fold reduction in pressure uncertainty compared to the best single‐parameter analysis. These results demonstrate that multiparametric analysis provides significantly enhanced accuracy and reliability in pressure sensing, without requiring changes to the material or experimental setup. This methodology is readily transferable and could be applied to a wide range of luminescent materials, laying the foundation for a new generation of high‐performance optical manometers for use in high‐pressure physics, materials science, and beyond.

ABSTRACT Polydopamine (PDA) is a mussel‐inspired material with remarkable adhesive properties and a wide range of applications. There has been significant interest in understanding the structure of the PDA coating itself, as well as the PDA/substrate interaction. In this study, the adsorption of model monomers and oligomers on defect‐free graphene is examined computationally. The adsorption of 5,6‐dihydroxyindole (DHI) and its oxidized form, dopaminechrome (DAC), on perfect graphene is studied using the DFT formalism under periodic conditions. Non‐covalent and covalent dimers adsorption is considered, taking into account different possible arrangements to establish the role of stacking configurations and aryl‐aryl, pyrrole‐pyrrole and aryl‐pyrrole valence bonds. A theoretical extension is developed to compute the adsorption energy for covalent trimers. The results show that adsorbates predominantly composed of DAC monomers are preferred candidates for the growth of an oligomeric structure. The reaction energy required to produce covalent dimers is thermodynamically more feasible when a free monomer reacts with a monomer that has already been adsorbed than when two monomers react as free species. A particular analysis of the interaction forces between monomers or dimers and perfect graphene is performed to predict the rupture of the adsorbate/substrate system.

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is a non-selective cation channel activated by heat, acidity and chemical ligands. While molecular dynamics simulations have shed some light on the cation permeation processes of TRPV1, the mechanisms in the native-state structure under near-physiological conditions remain unestablished. Therefore, the present study conducted molecular dynamics simulations of near-full-length human TRPV1 under a membrane potential of − 100 mV. During permeation events, sodium ions transiently interacted with three binding sites within the channel pore and moved toward the intracellular side. Potential of mean force analyses revealed that sodium ions in the selectivity filter reduced the energy barrier at the hydrophobic gate, facilitating permeation through cooperative interactions. Additionally, mutation of N677, a pre-gate binding site residue, reduced permeation events. Interaction analysis demonstrated that this residue plays an important role in efficient permeation by mediating moderately strong interactions with sodium ions through their coordinated water molecules. These findings highlight the importance of sodium ion accommodation at the selectivity filter and its interaction with N677 for ion permeation through TRPV1. Our data provide new insights into the gating and conduction mechanisms of TRPV1 under near-physiological conditions.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-025-29092-1.

Confectionery products, specifically jelly and gummy, require optimized structural, thermal, and nutritional properties for functionality and consumer acceptance. This study investigated the impact of furcellaran (FUR) and calcium L-threonate (Ca) on the physicochemical and the sensory properties of fish gelatin-based jelly (JFG). Furcellaran modestly enhanced gel strength and hardness, while its combination with calcium L-threonate produced synergistic improvements, with JFG-FUR-Ca achieving the highest gel strength (947.63 g) and hardness (78.14 N). Microstructural and intermolecular force analyses indicated that Ca2+ bridging between gelatin and furcellaran promoted ionic and hydrogen bonding, forming a dense and thermostable network. The combined incorporation of furcellaran and calcium L-threonate enhanced the rheological properties while preserving low syneresis. Sensory evaluation revealed minor reductions; however, overall acceptability was higher than 7. Calcium bioavailability after digestion through the gastrointestinal tract model remained high (70–80%), confirming effective calcium fortification. The synergistic incorporation of furcellaran and calcium L-threonate effectively improved the structural integrity, thermal stability, and calcium bioavailability of fish gelatin-based jelly, while maintaining acceptable sensory qualities, highlighting its potential as a functional calcium-fortified confectionery product.