Foot And Mouth Diseases Research Articles

Effect of Foot and Mouth Diseases Vaccination on Basic Semen Quality Parameter in Bali Cattle

This study aimed to determine the effect of post foot and mouth diseases (FMD) vaccination on the basic semen quality in Bali cattle bulls. The data used in this study were semen collection data of 25 Bali cattle bulls at the National Artificial Insemination Centre (NAIC), Singosari. The paired sample t-test was performed to compare the response variable of individual motility (%), abnormality (%), spermatozoa concentration (x 106 cells), and semen volume (mL) from regular semen collection in post and pre-vaccination groups. The results showed no significant difference in semen individual motility (t(74) = -1.72, p = 0.95), abnormality (t(74) = 2.06, p = 0.98), spermatozoa concentration (t(74) = -4.35, p = 1.00), and semen volume (t(74) = -0.11, p = 0.54) in Bali cattle bulls before and after vaccination. This study concludes that the FMD's vaccination program for Bali cattle bulls did not have the potential to reduce the basic semen quality for Bali Cattle frozen semen production.

Development of gold nanoparticles-lateral flow test as a novel field diagnostic assay for detecting foot-and-mouth disease and lumpy skin disease viruses.

Rapid diagnosis is a cornerstone for controlling and preventing viral disease outbreaks. The present study is aimed to develop a rapid field diagnostic test based on gold nanoparticles for the detection of lumpy skin diseases (LSD), and foot and mouth diseases (FMD) in animals with high sensitivity and specificity. FMD and LSD vaccines were used as a source of viruses' antigens for preparing monoclonal antibodies and conjugated with gold nanoparticles that characterized using various techniques such as UV-visible spectrometry, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for each serotype produced in experimental rats and used to capture antibodies for FMDV and/or LSDV. ELISA was used to screen 469 milk samples and 1165 serum samples from naturally infected cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats for validation of the lateral flow test (LFT). LSDV DNA was extracted from 117 blood and skin biopsy samples collected from naturally infected cattle during the 2019 outbreak. The specificity and sensitivity of GNP-LFT were evaluated and compared to Ag-ELISA, Western blot tests (WB), and PCR. A total of 95 FMDV positives out of 469 (20.25%) milk samples and 268 FMDV positives out of 1165 (23.3%) serum samples from natural infected cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats examined by ELISA to valid GNPS-LFT Viral LSDV DNA was detected in 60/117 (51.5%) and 31/60 (52.9%). While the GNPS-LFT assay results were 49/117 (41.9%) and 29/60 (48.3%) blood and skin biopsy samples, respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the GNP-LFT test were 72% and 82%, respectively. All vesicular fluid and epithelium samples collected from infected animals were identified as positive by the GNP-LFT and Ag-ELISA. Ag-ELISA, on the other hand, was 90% and 100%. While the developed GNP-LFT used LSDV polyclonal antibodies were similar to ELISA and IgG-WB with a sensitivity of 72.8% and a specificity of 88.8%, respectively. The GNPS-LFT is a novel immunoassay based on mono or polyclonal antibodies conjugated with gold nanoparticles that provides an accurate, rapid, specific, and sensitive tool for field rapid diagnosis of FMDV and LSDV.

A counterfactual experiment about the eradication of cattle diseases on beef trade

AbstractIn response to disease outbreak alerts in exporting countries, importing countries usually impose trade bans that vary in terms of product coverage and in terms of duration. We rely on a unique balanced panel dataset that covers four‐digit disaggregated beef products over the 1996–2013 period, to estimate the effect of a hypothetical removal of animal diseases outbreaks on trade flows. More specifically, we investigate how bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and the foot and mouth diseases (FMDs) affect beef trade flows. We use a sectoral structural gravity approach to measure direct, conditional, and full effects, allowing inward and outward multilateral resistance indices, expenditures, and factory‐gate prices to adjust to the eradication of animal diseases. The indirect channels through which BSE and FMD impact trade are important. Our counterfactual experiment suggests that Canada would secure substantial gains from BSE and FMD eradication.

Clinical analysis on 569 cases of hand, foot and mouth diseases complicated with nerve system damages

Objective To investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)complicated with central nerve system infection, in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment. Methods Total of 569 cases of HFMD complicated with central nerve system infection were enrolled. The results of pathogen detection and CSF examination were looked into, and epidemiological and clinical characteristics were analyzed retrospectively. Results HFMD of the central nervous system infections increased year by year, endanger the children's life, pathogen detection showed positive for enterovirus type 71(640/1077, 59.4%) and coxsackie virus infection in group A(158/1077,14.7%); Clinical manifestation: hand, foot and mouth, hips were rash(100.0%), fever(546/569,95.9.%), temperature higher than 38.5℃(74.7%,425/569), there were various signs and symptoms of nervous system damage,sleepiness(187/569,32.9%), limb jitter (347/569,60.1%), easily frightened(405/569,71.2%),irritability(130/569,22.8%), convulsions(2.4%,14/ 569), vomiting(67/569,11.8%),choking cough(2.8%,16/569), irregular breathing(0.5%,3/569); Laboratory examination:the central nervous system complications in different CFPro(P= 0.992), CFWBC(P= 0.994) and CRP(P= 0.786),no statistical difference in such aspects of brain stem encephalitis group in CFP(P= 0.001),PWBC(P= 0.000) and BG(P= 0.000),and the differences were statistically significant; Short- term, the combination of large dose of gamma globulin and methylprednisolone had definite efficacy. Conclusion HFMD complicated with central nervous system infections have some epidemiological and clinical characteristics, early diagnosis and treatment can reduce the incidence of severe cases and mortality. Key words: Hand, foot and mouth disease(HFMD); Central nerve system infection; Clinical analysis

Şap Hastalıklı Sığırlarda Nitrik Oksit Düzeyi Total Antioksidan ve Oksidan Kapasite

The aim of this study was to investigate total antioxidant (TAC), oxidant capacity (TOC) and nitric oxide levels (NO) in cattle with foot-and-mouth-diseases (FMD). Twenty Swiss Brown cattle aged between 24 and 48 months were used. Animals were divided into two groups as control (n=10) and FMD (n=10). Blood samples were collected from jugular vein and centrifuged. TOC and NO levels were found to be significantly higher in FMD group compared to those of control group. However, no significant differences were present in TAC levels between FMD and control groups. It was concluded that FMD increases serum NO levels and TOC, but do not affect TAC in cattle.

Detection the pathogens and analysis the clinical characteristics in children with hand, foot and mouth disease in Shanghai during 2009-2011

To investigate the epidemic characteristics of etiological agents and analyze the clinic differences in children with hand, foot and mouth diseases in Shanghai. Collection 551 specimens including vesicle fluid, stool and throat swabs to detect the pathogens. The positive rates were tested by RT-PCR assay with Enterovirus consensus primer and specific primer for Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and Coxsackie A16 (CoxA16), respectively. Out of 357 patients, the overall positive rate was 79.7%. CoxA16 infection was mainly popular in 2009, EV71 was mainly popular in 2011. The epidemic characteristics of enterovirus infection within 2009-2011 had significant differences (P = 0.005). The positive rate of vesicle fluid was highest. The concurrent rate of fever and tendency to be frightened had significant differences in three patients' groups. The count of the peripheral white blood cells and the ratio of the neutrophil in the patients with EV71 infection was higher than that in the patients with CoxA16 or PE infection. HFMD showed alternant epidemic characteristics at different times of enterovirus infection in Shanghai. Analyzing the differences of clinic characteristic of EV71 and CoxA16 infection is helpful to prevent and control EV71 infection.

Foot-and mouth diseases carriers.

Foot-and mouth diseases carriers.