Groundwater is among the most vital sources of freshwater, providing the primary supply for human consumption and for agricultural and industrial use. Although the construction of barrages enhances resource management and alleviates droughts and floods amid escalating population growth, it affects groundwater quantity and quality. As the most significant multipurpose water project on the Nile River, the new Assiut Barrage is crucial to the country's food self-sufficiency and to the livelihoods of nearly 6 million people. However, the environmental impacts of the new barrage on groundwater in the surrounding area are unclear. In this study, we monitored groundwater levels at 55 wells over 12 years, both before and during barrage construction, to clearly illustrate the barrage's effects on groundwater levels. Moreover, groundwater quality and associated health risks (HRA) were evaluated. This research demonstrated that the presence of water in a barrage's reservoir affects the groundwater level, particularly in the surrounding area. During the construction of the new barrage, groundwater levels declined in the upstream observation wells while increasing in the downstream districts. This fluctuation could be due to excessive groundwater withdrawals for irrigation in the upstream areas, while levels decrease in the downstream areas because of their urban rather than agricultural character. According to the groundwater quality index (GQI) model, 75% of upstream groundwater samples and 66.7% of downstream samples fall into the good category for irrigation. Our HRA findings indicated that both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks from dermal exposure to heavy metals (HMs) across all studied groundwater wells are negligible. This study provides a clear picture of the impacts of barrages on groundwater, with implications for similar conditions worldwide, including arid and semi-arid regions.

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a very important food in tropical countries. It is the second most consumed tuberous food crop after yam in Côte d’Ivoire. Grown for its tuberous roots and leaves, it contributes to food security and is a source of income for farmers. However, its cultivation faces pressure from pests and diseases (anthracnose) aggravated by soil infertility. This study was conducted to evaluate the application effects of Glomus intraradices (Gl.intr.) and Trichoderma sp (Tri.sp) on peroxidases activities, phenolic compounds synthesis and anthracnose control in cassava. Two cassava cultivars, YACE and TMS30572, were grown in greenhouses and in the field with Gl.intr and Tri.sp treatments at sowing. These fungi were applied individually and in combination (Gl.intr+Tri.sp). In greenhouses, Gl.intr and Tri.sp-treated plants were inoculated with the pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides 48 days after sowing. The results showed that in each cassava cultivar, the mycorrhization intensity (I) was statistically not different (p>0.05) for Gl.intr and Gl.intr+Tri.sp treatments. The mycorrhization frequency (F) varied in the same cassava cultivar, i.e., 28.34 and 34.33% respectively for Gl.intr and Gl.intr+Tri.sp in YACE, and 37.81 and 41.66% for TMS30572. Regarding anthracnose symptoms, the necrotic area and the distance travelled by C. gloeosporioides in infected plants were reduced from 3.65 to 1.87 and from 10.25 to 8.98 respectively in treated plants. The quantity of total phenols and peroxidases activities increased from 1.58 to 3.17 times in plants treated with Gl.intr and Tri.sp, depending on the organs and cultivars of cassava compared to control plants. The application of Gl.intr and Tri.sp would play a role in the resistance of cassava to anthracnose.

Abstract Traditional foods (often referred to as “country foods”) play a critical role in Indigenous culture, nutrition, food sovereignty and food security. Policies that prioritize store‐bought food are often viewed as undermining these foods. We provide evidence that two recent policy reforms that subsidize store‐bought food in the Northwest Territories do not appear to negatively impact traditional foods. Our analysis uses community surveys conducted in the Northwest Territories that measure the importance of consumption and production of traditional country food along several margins. Using a difference‐in‐differences methodology, we show that two transitions associated with the Nutrition North Canada subsidy program—the transition from Food Mail to Nutrition North from 2011 to 2012 and the expansion of subsidy eligibility to new communities in 2016—had a zero or positive impact on these outcomes. We use price and quantity data from multiple sources to provide evidence on mechanisms and find support for an interpretation based on country foods having a high income elasticity and low substitutability with store‐bought meat and other foods.

The agricultural sector traditionally occupies a special place in the socio-economic development of the Kyrgyz Republic. In a certain sense, agriculture forms the basis of the country's food security, provides employment for a significant part of the population, and at the same time remains one of the most vulnerable areas of the economy. When it comes to investment and innovation, the agricultural sector is often perceived as conservative, slow to respond to changes. Nevertheless, this is where government incentive mechanisms play a crucial role, since without systemic support, the market itself is unable to ensure sustainable technology renewal and capital inflows.

ABSTRACT The conversation around sustainable food in Canada’s Arctic today is inherently connected to the logistics of transportation. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork (2022–2025), this research examines how control over Nunavut’s transport systems shapes food sovereignty and Nunavut’s sustainable foodways, asking whose interests current infrastructures serve and how to strengthen culturally appropriate access to food. Based primarily on participant observation, semi-structured interviews and focus groups, this article foregrounds community perspectives on hunting, sharing, and logistics. While country food remains central to wellbeing, identity, and daily practice, grocery stores are stocked with foods shipped up from the “South.” The article proposes reorienting transport toward inter-community connectivity, raising country food cargo priority, investing in year-round freezers, and long-term support for paid harvester programs as infrastructure for sustainable foodways. Ultimately, achieving food sovereignty in Nunavut requires infrastructure sovereignty and collaborative decision-making led by Nunavummiut.

Unveiling the genus Taraxacum: From folk medicine to chemodiversity-driven pharmacological and toxicological outcomes-A systematic review.

Background: Gari, a fermented and toasted product from cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) serves as a major staple food in Nigeria and many West African countries. Standard gari despite its popularity and economic importance is deficient in protein and micronutrient composition, necessitating incorporation with other locally available produce. This study investigated the effect of African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) and sprouted maize (Zea mays) incorporation on proximate composition, functional, pasting and sensory properties of gari. Methodology: Cassava, African yam bean and sprouted maize were processed into mash and blended in varying ratios (100:0:0), (97:1.5:1.5), (95:2.5:2.5), (90:5:5), (87:6.5:6.5), (85:7.5:7.5), (80:10:10), (77:11.5:11.5), (75:12.5:12.5), (70:15:15), (67:16.5:16.5), (65:17.5:17.5), (60:20:20), (57:21.5:21.5), (55:22.5:22.5), (50:25:25), (47:26.5:26.5), (45:27.5:27.5), (40:30:30), (35:32.5:32.5) respectively prior to fermentation and toasting and represented as samples A to T. Standard analytical methods were used to determine the proximate composition. Functional, pasting and sensory properties were evaluated using established procedures.Results: Proximate composition shows moisture content value range of (7.43 to 10.40%), ash (1.95 to 3.75%), fat (0.75 to 2.65%), fibre (2.02 to 4.31%), protein (2.95 to 20.98%) and carbohydrate (60.88 to 81.93%). Bulk density, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, swelling index, emulsion capacity and foam capacity values ranged from (0.508 to 0.775g/cm3), (3.05 to 5.85g/ml), (2.15 to 4.52g/g), (1.52 to 2.58), (23.33 to 32.99%) and (5.21 to 9.89%) respectively. Pasting viscosities (peak, trough, breakdown and set back) varied significantly (p<0.05) with range of values (338.16 to 387.25RVU), (121.42 to 141.74RVU), (212.26 to 246.21RVU), (390.21 to 435.36RVU) and (252.77 to 305.06RVU), respectively. Peak time and pasting temperature ranged from (4.53 to 6.12 Minutes) and (79.14 to 87.50 0C) respectively. Sensory properties revealed that gari produced from 100% cassava which served as control was the most preferred by a 30 man semi trained panelist with an overall acceptability score of 7.48 followed by sample C (97% cassava mash+1.5% African yam bean +1.5% sprouted maize mash) with score 7.36. Conclusion: The incorporation of sprouted maize and African yam bean significantly (p<0.05) improved the nutritional, functional and pasting qualities of gari.

The relevance of the study is determined by systemic problems in land use and the need to ensure the country's food security. The research focuses on the agricultural lands of five federal subjects in Asian Russia: Republic of Tuva, Republic of Buryatia, Tyumen Oblast, Novosibirsk Oblast, and Khabarovsk Krai. The aim is to identify the key reasons for the withdrawal of land from agricultural use and to develop measures for optimizing its utilization. The study employed methods of comparative and statistical analysis of state land registry and monitoring data for the period 2021-2025. The results revealed a significant variation in the proportion of unused land, ranging from 3.07% in the Republic of Tuva to 24-30% in the other studied regions. Environmental challenges in agriculture are intensifying under current conditions. Advances in biological and chemical processes have significantly expanded the possibilities for agricultural activity. This has led to an increase in geo-ecological problems: aridity, flooding, soil salinization, waterlogging, permafrost, desertification, dust storm formation, mudflows, wildfires, etc. It was established that the primary reasons are natural and climatic constraints (droughts, waterlogging, permafrost), organizational and economic factors (low profitability, machinery shortages), the consequences of the 1990s land reform, and imperfections in the legislative framework. Key proposed measures include: improving the monitoring system, developing land reclamation, providing economic incentives for agricultural producers, conducting a land inventory, and strengthening liability for the misuse of land. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that its conclusions can be used by state and municipal authorities to develop targeted programs for bringing abandoned lands back into economic circulation and enhancing the efficiency of the macro-region's agricultural industrial complex.

The modern development of the agricultural sector in the Russian Federation is impossible without ensuring the rational use and protection of land resources, which are an essential component of the country's natural and economic potential. In recent decades, the issue of agricultural land degradation, including particularly valuable areas with high fertility and significance for the country's food security, has become particularly relevant. Large-scale processes of erosion, pollution, salinization, compaction, and soil depletion lead to a decrease in agricultural productivity, a reduction in agricultural profitability, and a deterioration in the ecological state of agricultural landscapes. In this regard, the authors propose measures to prevent soil (land) degradation based on increasing humus in arable soils and ensuring its balance in the process of agricultural production. The formation of humus balance is proposed to be carried out on the basis of a scientifically based selection of crops in crop rotation, the application of the necessary agrotechnical methods of soil cultivation. In particular, without expanding the area under crops that produce humus-forming stubble, the authors propose using a reclamation crop rotation with barley as a green manure crop. Research conducted by the authors in the Voronezh region showed that the yield of oil radish is more than twice that of lupine, white mustard, and rye, and in favorable climatic conditions, it reaches 500-600 kg/ha in 75-80 days, while its seed yield is 10-18 kg/ha. The calculations presented by the authors show that the proposed reclamation crop rotation allows for the accumulation of + 6.04 t/ha of humus per year, compared to the conventional field crop rotation of – (– 0.51) t/ha. According to the authors' calculations, the costs of organizing and implementing a reclamation crop rotation with the introduction of a green manure crop into the crop rotation structure will amount to 22,500 rubles per year, while the restoration of degraded soils throughout the Voronezh region, where the humus content is low, will require 63,828 million rubles and 8 years of implementation of the authors' proposals. The paper also notes that the presence of humus and its quantity is not always a factor or indicator of the quality and/or demand for soil or land for agricultural production. The presence of pollutants in humus plays a negative role in increasing its quantity, so the costs of eliminating humus pollution should be assessed based on the loss in quality and production volumes on such land. In general, the balance of humus, when soil fertility is actively used for agricultural purposes, can act as a key regulator of differential rent and determine its cadastral assessment.

ABSTRACT The potential of livestock in food and nutritional security in lower income countries is undermined by lack of high-quality and sufficient animal feeds. Despite livestock feed research and development efforts, the livestock feed challenge persists with limited adoption of feed innovations partly because gender considerations attracted little attention in feed research and development. Gender dynamics and norms govern intra-household roles and control of benefits from livestock leading to gender-differentiated feed-related needs, challenges, and opportunities that vary depending on context. In this framework, we identify key stages of feed and forage research programs, and propose key gender research questions at all stages that, if investigated, would provide insights into how we can develop feed interventions that respond to gendered needs and opportunities. The questions mostly explore gender roles, gendered control over resources and benefits, gendered access to information, and gendered decision-making about adoption in feed systems. The questions aim to (1) increase the relevance of feed innovations to increase adoption and livestock productivity and (2) leverage feed innovations to support gender equality.

The volume of wastewater produced during the secondary processing of cassava into cassava products is significant. This growing concern is not intended to undermine the importance of cassava as a staple food in many countries; instead, it is linked to the way wastewater is handled, which is considered deficient. This review is based on secondary data gathered from over 50 studies published between 2005 and 2025 on different treatment methods for cassava wastewater. It compared the Removal Efficiency (RE) of two existing Cassava Wastewater Treatment Systems: one with Recirculation (CWTS-R) and the other without Recirculation (CWTS-WR). The REs were based on four studied physicochemical parameters: Suspended Solids (SS), COD, turbidity, and cyanide. The trend for the REs was: pH 56 > 33.4; SS 45 > 42.3; COD 47 > 43.2; Turbidity 56 > 25.2; and Cyanide 40 > 38.3 for CWTS-R and CWTS-WR. The data obtained revealed that the REs for the CWTS-R were higher across all studied physiochemical parameters than those for the CWTS-WR. The contaminants removal abilities of the CWTS-R and CWTS-WR were significantly different. The increase in the REs might not be unrelated to the addition of a pump that redirects cassava wastewater back to the starting treatment points when the set threshold limits for these parameters are exceeded. Optimizing the operations of the existing CWTS-R and CWTS-WR is recommended to improve efficiency.

Fish species recognition is essential for ecological studies, fishery management, and marine biology. Accurate detection and categorization are critical for preserving biodiversity, allowing scientists to track species distribution, identify invasive species, and analyze the effects of environmental changes. The fish sector is essential to any country's food and agriculture. Identification of species by the morphology process is both inaccurate and costly. However, the manual process of measuring important details like species identification, length, and quantity is difficult to capture, which shows the need for automation. The merging of automated systems and artificial intelligence has revolutionized this industry. Recent advancements in image detection systems based on machine learning and deep learning have been explored across various domains. Yet, applying state-of-the-art deep model Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to identify the fish species’ complexity of season and location, and limited public datasets pose a challenge for the detection. Machine learning and deep learning use artificial neural networks to simulate how humans think and learn, efficiently automating similar monitoring applications such as species identification on land and in water. You Only Look Once (YOLO) is a state-of-the-art method for object detection based on deep learning. The goal of this study is to develop a deep learning system for recognizing fish species using the YOLO paradigm. The Fish-Pak dataset, which includes information on tropical fish farming in Pakistan, consists of 915 images against 6 targeted classes, freely available at the Mendeley data source. To ensure the suggested YOLO architecture's improved performance on the Fish-Pak data collection, we will conduct an experimental comparison with other versions of YOLO v3 and V4. The total accuracy of fish species identification using the proposed methods is 99%, with an mAP of 99.65%, top performance results as compared to existing literature.

In the current political and economic conditions, ensuring the country's food security comes to the fore. Animal husbandry is an important component of food security, as a source of supply of diverse and highquality food products to the population. The effective development of this industry is impossible without the introduction of intensive technologies, the element of which is to maintain a high level of productivity and animal health. To achieve these goals, it is necessary to steadily reduce the incidence of infectious and noninfectious diseases in animals by improving their diagnostic and treatment methods. One of the diseases characterized by the difficulty of timely diagnosis is genital mycoplasmosis of cattle, the study of which is an urgent task. The article examines the effect of some methods of therapy of dry cows with genital mycoplasmosis on the degree of infection and vital characteristics of the calves obtained from them. During the experiment, it was found that the use of the antibiotic traksovet for the treatment of cows, as well as its combination with the immunomodulator thymalin, leads to a marked decrease in mycoplasma infection of their offspring. In the early postnatal period, the offspring of cows who received treatment, compared with their peers from mothers who were not treated, showed a lower lag in body weight gain in the first month of life, as well as significantly reduced rates of diarrhea and bronchopneumonia, with a particularly positive effect in the group where complex therapy was used.

ABSTRACT In many countries, foods from aquatic sources provide an important source of protein and key micronutrients. However, aquatic food systems can be impacted by hazards, which drive inefficiencies. Such inefficiencies have consequences for the environmental, economic and social sustainability of food. When directing hazard management resources, it is critical to understand which components of the food system are of most importance to producers, consumers and other interested parties along the value chain. In this paper, we use South Africa as a case study in characterising the aquatic food system. To do this, we created a framework combining production and consumption statistics from the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations with research from global search engines and an in‐country publication database. Using this framework, we found that South Africa's aquatic food system is dominated by pelagic and demersal finfish fisheries, such as those for Southern African anchovy ( Engraulis capensis ) and Cape hakes ( Merluccius spp). Aquaculture in South Africa predominantly consists of non‐cephalopod molluscs, freshwater fish and some aquatic plants. Although these groups account for approximately 3% of aquatic production in South Africa, they were the focus of over 60% of research from global search engines. In contrast, research from the in‐country database focused on finfish fisheries, which contribute 60 times more production volume compared to aquaculture. Therefore, while statistics from the FAO gave a good first overview of the aquatic food system in South Africa, in‐country research was invaluable in gaining a holistic understanding of the food system. When applied across the network of food sectors in a country, the approach outlined here, combining production, consumption and research values, provides a framework for practitioners requiring a nuanced overview of a country's food systems, as well as highlighting investment, knowledge and data gaps to target future research.

This article examines the theoretical basis for the Federal Law "On Private Farms" and private farms. A private farm is a form of non-entrepreneurial activity aimed at the production and processing of products. All produced or processed goods are the property of the individuals running their private farm. The owner of a private farm can sell any surplus through the market. The sale of this agricultural commodity is not considered commercial and is not subject to taxation. The strategically planned Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation reflects the key objectives of the country's state economic and social policy. The concept of food security for the Russian Federation is characterized by sustainable economic and social development, where the main indicator is the country's food independence. The country also guarantees every citizen access to food products of appropriate quality and not less than the approved consumption standards for life. An analysis of statistical data revealed that private subsidiary farms have made a significant contribution to the implementation of the Russian Federation's doctrinal guidelines, producing 70% of the country's potatoes, 22% of meat, 72% of vegetables, 35% of milk, and 25% of eggs. In total, private subsidiary farms produced 2.1 trillion rubles worth of agricultural products in 2023. Private subsidiary farms are not stagnating; they form the foundation for the formation of peasant farms and small agricultural organizations with up to 50 employees. Owners of private subsidiary farms are forming a group of self-employed and individual entrepreneurs, which significantly contributes to a sharp increase in agricultural production and a substantial increase in the taxable base.

Relevance. The development of cooperation in modern conditions is one of the factors of economic growth, countering the pressure of anti-Russian sanctions, ensuring the country's food security, creating new jobs, and activating entrepreneurial initiatives of citizens. The purpose is to analyze the attitudes of Volga region residents in organizing/joining consumer cooperatives. Objectives : assessment of the factors of motivation of the population to organize / join consumer cooperatives, analysis of readiness to join cooperative associations, study of the most popular forms of support for cooperative initiatives in the regional context. Methodology. The main research method is a questionnaire survey of residents of the Volga Federal District (N = 1,320 respondents). The sample was formed taking into account such features of representation as the type of settlement (city, village), gender and age of the respondents. Results. The attitudes of the Volga region residents regarding the organization / joining of consumer cooperatives are generally characterized by a positive tone. So, 16.4% of respondents would like to organize or become a member of a consumer cooperative themselves, another quarter of the surveyed residents chose the answer option "rather yes than no" (26.0%). The highest level of interest in cooperation is typical for residents of the Republic of Mari El. Most respondents generally consider their level of knowledge necessary to work in cooperation to be sufficient. The study revealed the interest of potential cooperators in participating in institutional associations (in particular, joining the Union of Consumer Societies). Conclusions. The motives of Volga region residents to join cooperatives can be systematized in the following areas: status-social ("to start your own business"), financial ("to find a new source of income"), communication ("association with like-minded people") and social ("to provide people with high-quality goods"). The most popular form of cooperation support is organizational and economic assistance related to solving problems of logistics, marketing, access to warehouses, and areas for the sale of goods.

As essential prebiotics in breast milk, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are critical for infant health including guiding the development of the gut microbiota, fine-tuning immune responses, and strengthening the intestinal barrier. These functions support the potential of HMOs to confer health benefits in adults as well. 2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL), a major trisaccharide in human milk, is a well-tolerated infant nutrient that is approved as a novel food in many countries. To date, 2'-FL can be efficiently synthesized by various cell factories via de novo and salvage pathways. Key strategies for increasing the 2'-FL titer include enhancing the GDP-l-fucose supply, introducing highly active α1,2-fucosyltransferases, and using diverse carbon sources to expand production flexibility. This review explores the health benefits of 2'-FL, along with key advances in the engineering of microbial cell factories and α1,2-fucosyltransferases for its production, concluding with a forward-looking perspective on priority research areas for enhancing its application.

Wheat is a staple food for India and rotates with rice and basmati for the country's food security, with Uttar Pradesh being the highest-producing state. Production of wheat is forecasted accurately for agricultural planning, procurement and policy recognition. Here, the univariate time series (ARIMA) model for forecasting wheat production in Uttar Pradesh is used for the period 2023-2030 using area, yield and production data from 1997 to 2022 taken from the Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare and Government of India. On initial observation, there was a continuous increase in production mainly through yield increases, while the area remained stagnant. After ensuring stationarity with all other diagnostics guaranteed, the model selected to fit was ARIMA (1,1,1). The forecasts indicate that production will continue slowly increasing to 41.64 million tonnes in 2030 as against 38.54 million tonnes in 2022. In addition, the model proved highly accurate had excellent predictive capability and was statistically significant. Undoubtedly, the findings stress the importance of yield-driven growth, with some providing suggestions for the government planners and policymakers. However, the results also indicate a possible productivity plateau which calls for renewed emphasis on climate-resilient varieties, precision farming and input-use efficiency. This study further contributes to the growing literature on agricultural forecasts and offers a replicable model for other major producing regions.

Contamination of agricultural products such as maize by fungi is a significant concern worldwide, as it can compromise food safety and quality. In recent years, the use of microorganisms as natural food preservatives has gained interest. Probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their metabolites are considered a promising strategy to reduce fungal growth and limit other food contaminants. This study aimed to characterize, screen and compare the probiotic properties and antifungal activity of LAB of maize origin. A total of 23 LAB isolates obtained from untreated maize grains were identified through 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Weissella viridenscens (34.7%), Pediococcus pentosaceus (34.7%), Enterococcus durans (17.4%), Leuconostoc citreum (9%), and Enterococcus faecium (4.3%). All isolates demonstrated acid, phenol, and bile salt tolerance; surface hydrophobicity; and antagonistic activity against selected bacterial foodborne pathogens. Notably, Enterococcus sp. showed the strongest inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 5211 (21 mm inhibition zone) and Staphylococcus aureus (17 mm inhibition zone), whereas Pediococcus sp. exhibited the highest antagonistic effect against Listeria monocytogenes (18.7 mm inhibition zone). Furthermore, E. durans and P. pentosaceus demonstrated the strongest antifungal activity, effectively inhibiting the growth of Alternaria tenuissima (F22FR) and Fusarium oxysporum (F44FR), respectively. Overall, all the LAB strains isolated from this study showed considerable potential for use in the food industry as probiotics, starter cultures for functional food fermentations, bio-preservatives and biocontrol agents against toxigenic fungi and pathogenic bacteria, with E. durans standing out for its exceptional performance. Future research will explore the ability of these isolates and/or their enzymes to degrade mycotoxins commonly found in maize, a staple food in many African countries.

Soft winter wheat is a valuable strategic grain crop that not only supports the country's food security but also helps to support its economy through grain exports. Therefore, research on increasing the profitability of winter wheat production is always relevant. The purpose of our research was to improve the technology of cultivating winter soft wheat in the chestnut soil zone of the Lower Volga region. The experiments on improving the technology of cultivating winter soft wheat in black fallow on chestnut soils were conducted at LLC KFH "Larin S.Yu." in the Oktyabrsky District of the Volgograd Region from 2018 to 2021. On average, over the three years of research, the lowest plant height of winter wheat was observed on the shallow disc treatment variant with the BDT-3 without fertilization, and it was 82 cm. The highest plant height on average over the three years of research was observed on the chisel treatment variants with the Rancho working bodies with the third and fourth fertilizer options, and it was 105 cm. The highest grain weight in the ear was obtained in the variant with deep chisel tillage using the Rancho working bodies with ammophos at sowing and early spring fertilization with ammonium nitrate, and in the variant with ammophos at sowing, early spring fertilization with ammonium nitrate, and foliar fertilization with urea during the earing phase. On average for 2019-2021, on these variants, the grain weight in the ear was 1.32 grams. The highest biological yield in all years of research was on the variant of deep chisel processing with the "Ranch" working bodies with ammophos at sowing and early spring fertilization with ammonium nitrate and on the variant with ammophos at sowing, early spring fertilization with ammonium nitrate and foliar fertilization with urea in the earing phase. On average for 2019-2021, the biological yield on these variants was 3.97 t/ha. The lowest biological yield of winter wheat was noted on the variant of shallow disc treatment without the use of fertilizers and averaged 2.66 t/ha over 3 years of research.