Diverse Food Research Articles

Distribution and determinants of glycosylated hemoglobin in adolescents - Results from a nationwide population-based survey in Germany.

The role of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in youth is largely unclear. The aims of this study are to investigate the distribution and potential determinants of HbA1c among a population-based sample of adolescents. The German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) Wave 2 includes a nationwide representative sample of 0-17-year-old participants. For this evaluation, data from a randomly selected subgroup aged 14-17 years and without diagnosed diabetes was included (n = 857). Percentile-based HbA1c values (measured at laboratory in whole blood samples by high performance liquid chromatography) were calculated to examine HbA1c distribution. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to investigate factors (age, sex, parental socioeconomic status, body mass index (BMI), birth weight, smoking, alcohol consumption, healthy food diversity, sport activity, oral contraceptive use) associated with HbA1c. The mean HbA1c level was 5.2% (minimum: 3.9%, P10: 4.8%, P50: 5.1%, P90: 5.5%, maximum: 6.7%). Overall, 2.8% of adolescents had an HbA1c value in the prediabetic range (5.7-6.4%) and 0.1% had an undiagnosed diabetes (≥6.5%). Multivariable regression analysis showed an inverse association of age with HbA1c (17 vs. 14 years: ß: -1.18; 95% CI -2.05, -0.31). Higher HbA1c values were observed for higher BMI-standard deviation scores (SDS) (ß: 0.24; 95% CI -0.04, 0.52) and smoking (ß: 0.73; 95% CI -0.12, 1.57), but these tendencies were non-significant. In sex-stratified analysis, smoking and birth weight were significantly associated with HbA1c in boys. Among adolescents without diagnosed diabetes in Germany, HbA1c values ranged from 3.9% to 6.7%. To ensure health in adulthood, the influence of determinants on HbA1c levels in younger age should be further investigated.

Transcriptotype-Driven Discovery of Apigenin as a Therapy against Cholestatic Liver Fibrosis: Through Inhibition of PANoptosis and Following Type-I Interferon Responses.

Cholangiopathies lack effective medicines and can progress into end-stage liver diseases. Mining natural product transcriptome databases for bioactive ingredients, which can reverse disease-associated transcriptomic phenotypes, holds promise as an effective approach for drug discovery. To identify disease-associated transcriptomic changes, we performed RNA-sequencing on bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced cholestatic liver fibrosis mice, as well as PBC and PSC patients, and found that PANoptosis and activation of type-I interferon (IFN) signaling were observed in BDL mice and patients with PBC and PSC. We then established a transcriptotype-driven screening system based on HERB and ITCM databases. Among 283 natural ingredients screened, apigenin (Api), which is widely distributed in varieties of food and medicinal plants, was screened out by our screen system since it reversed the expression pattern of key genes associated with PANoptosis and type-I IFN responses. In BDL, Abcb4-/-, and DDC-fed mice, Api effectively ameliorated liver injuries, inflammation, and fibrosis. It also protected cholangiocytes from bile acid-stimulated PANoptosis, thus alleviating damage-associated molecular pattern-mediated activation of TBK1-NF-κB in macrophages. Additionally, Api directly inhibited type-I IFN-induced downstream inflammatory responses. Our study demonstrated the pathogenic roles of PANoptosis and type-I IFN signaling in cholestatic liver fibrosis and verified the feasibility of transcriptotype-based drug screening. Furthermore, this study revealed a novel anti-inflammatory mechanism of Api and identified it as a promising candidate for the treatment of cholestatic liver fibrosis.

Potential of Underutilized Sago for Bioenergy Uses

Sago is a plant that grows naturally in some areas in Southeast and South Asia. Despite having multiple advantages, the usage of the sago palm is primarily from its starch content and is commonly used as an alternative replacement for white rice and wheat flour, the two most prominent staple foods, in several regions. Additionally, people are now more aware of how the total area of sago forests has decreased as monoculture, cash crops, or other food crop development have replaced it. This condition may endanger the ecology and the sustainability of food diversity. To support the bioeconomy principles, various utilizations of sago by turning it into higher value-added biomass need to be explored. The paper aims to review the potential utilization of sago as biomass and bioenergy as a value-added product after processing it for food. A literature review method in Scopus and PubMed databases was used to answer the research objective. Sago palm can be converted into bio-energy resources like biomass-biogas, bioelectricity, bioethanol, and biohydrogen. Together with the advancement in the processing of sago starch, sago waste from bark, pulp, fiber, or hampas is transformed into different products, e.g., plywood and particle board, sago craft from sago bark and fiber; thus, sago waste or sago hampas is a prospective bioenergy commodity. In conclusion, sago provides advantages beyond food diversity, such as lowering household food insecurity and promoting sago's use for biomass and bioenergy.

Microbial Composition and Diversity of High-demand Street-vended Foods in Ecuador

Developing countries such as Ecuador carry a heavy food safety burden but reports on the microbiological quality of their foods are scarce. In this investigation, the microbial diversity of 10 high-risk and mass-consumption street-vended foods including bolones, encebollado, food dressings, ceviche, chopped fruits, fruit juices, fruit salads, cheese, raw chicken, and ground beef in Quito, Guayaquil, and Cuenca, three major population centers in Ecuador, were evaluated using 16S rRNA gene High Throughput Sequencing. In total, 1,840 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were classified into 23 phyla, 253 families, 645 genera, and 829 species. In the tested food samples, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the most abundant phyla accounting for 97.41% of relative abundance (RA). At genus level, 10 dominant genera were identified: Acinetobacter (12.61% RA), Lactococcus (12.08% RA), Vibrio (8.23% RA), Weissella (7.43% RA), Aeromonas (6.18% RA), Photobacterium (6.32% RA), Pseudomonas (3.92% RA), Leuconostoc (3.51% RA), Klebsiella (3.49% RA), and Cupriavidus (2.86% RA). The highest microbial diversity indices were found in raw chicken, encebollados, fruit salads, and fruit juices from Guayaquil and Cuenca. From sampled foods, 29 species were classified as food spoilage bacteria and 24 as opportunistic pathogenic bacteria. Two groups associated with human diseases were identified, including 11 enteric species and 26 species of fecal bacteria. The occurrence of recognized and opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, as well as enteric and fecal microorganisms, in the street-vended foods indicated extensive risks for the consumers’ health. This study demonstrated the application of culture-independent amplicon sequencing in providing a more comprehensive view of microbial safety for street-vended food, which could be a useful tool to facilitate the control of foodborne diseases.

Ketahanan Pangan Rumah Tangga Petani Di Lahan Sawah Tadah Hujan (Studi Kasus Di Desa Sendangagung, Giriwoyo, Wonogiri)

<p><em>Various problems in the agricultural sector include land conversion, climate change, water shortages, high input prices, and declining agricultural land productivity. Reduced production will affect farmers' income, which will impact the food security of farming households. The research aims to determine the proportion of food expenditure to total expenditure and assess the food security of farming households. The research location was chosen purposively, namely in Giriwoyo District, where most of the agricultural land is rain-fed. The sampling method used simple random sampling with a total of 30 farming households as respondents. Analysis of farmer household food security using cross-classification of food expenditure shares and energy adequacy levels. Energy and protein consumption levels were calculated using the 24-hour recall method. The research results explain that the average proportion of food expenditure to the total expenditure of farmer households is 55.61%, which shows that the level of farmer welfare is quite high. The food security conditions of rice farming households are based on levels, namely food security at 80%, food insecurity at 16.67%, and 3.30% of farming households are declared food deficient. To maintain or increase the food security of farming households, local food diversification is needed so that farming households do not only depend on rice as a source of carbohydrates. Counseling needs to be carried out to increase knowledge regarding the consumption of nutritious, diverse, balanced, and safe food.</em></p>

Dietary proteins: from evolution to engineering.

Because of the indispensable amino acids dietary proteins are the most important macronutrients. Proper growth and body maintenance depends on the quantity and quality of protein intake and proteins have thus been most crucial throughout evolution with hominins living in quite diverse food ecosystems. Developments in agriculture and food science have increased availability and diversity of food including protein for a rapidly growing world population while nutrient deficiencies resulting in stunting in children for example have been reduced. Nevertheless, the developing world and growing population needs more protein of high quality - with around 400 million tons per annum estimated for 2050. In contrary, protein consumption in all developed countries exceeds meanwhile the recommended intakes considerably with consequences for health and the environment. There is a growing interest in dietary proteins driven by the quest for more sustainable diets and the increasing food demand for a growing world population. This brings new and novel sources such as algae, yeast, insects or bacteria into play in delivering the biomass but also new technologies such as precision fermentation or in vitro meat/fish or dairy. What needs to be considered when such new protein sources are explored is that proteins need to provide not only the required amino acids but also functionality in the food produced thereof. This review considers human physiology and metabolism in the context of protein intake from an evolutionary perspective and prospects on future protein production.

Arbuscular mycorrhiza convey significant plant carbon to a diverse hyphosphere microbial food web and mineral-associated organic matter.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) transport substantial plant carbon (C) that serves as a substrate for soil organisms, a precursor of soil organic matter (SOM), and a driver of soil microbial dynamics. Using two-chamber microcosms where an air gap isolated AMF from roots, we 13CO2-labeled Avena barbata for 6 wk and measured the C Rhizophagus intraradices transferred to SOM and hyphosphere microorganisms. NanoSIMS imaging revealed hyphae and roots had similar 13C enrichment. SOM density fractionation, 13C NMR, and IRMS showed AMF transferred 0.77 mg C g-1 of soil (increasing total C by 2% relative to non-mycorrhizal controls); 33% was found in occluded or mineral-associated pools. In the AMF hyphosphere, there was no overall change in community diversity but 36 bacterial ASVs significantly changed in relative abundance. With stable isotope probing (SIP)-enabled shotgun sequencing, we found taxa from the Solibacterales, Sphingobacteriales, Myxococcales, and Nitrososphaerales (ammonium oxidizing archaea) were highly enriched in AMF-imported 13C (> 20 atom%). Mapping sequences from 13C-SIP metagenomes to total ASVs showed at least 92 bacteria and archaea were significantly 13C-enriched. Our results illustrate the quantitative and ecological impact of hyphal C transport on the formation of potentially protective SOM pools and microbial roles in the AMF hyphosphere soil food web.

Diversification in subsistence pattern of animal resources in the Hengduan Mountains: Multi‐isotopic evidence of Yingpanshan and Guijiabao site (5300–4000 cal. BP), China

AbstractThe Hengduan Mountains are located on the southeastern edge of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau, where farmers began to settle 6000 years ago. Animal husbandry plays a significant role in the sustenance economies of agricultural civilizations. It is unclear how Neolithic people acquired animal resources in the Hengduan Mountains. We explore animal geographical origins and feeding practices using the strontium, carbon, and oxygen isotope composition of tooth enamel at the Guijiabao and Yingpanshan sites during the Neolithic Age in the Hengduan Mountains. Multi‐isotopic evidence demonstrates that animals originate from several different regions with diverse foods. Guijiabao domestic dogs and pigs with a mixed C3/C4 diet share a similarly broad dietary spectrum with humans as enclosed animals, but the other pigs are wild boars with a C3 diet, likely free‐range animals or directly captured as meat resources. Yingpanshan dogs and pigs are both domestic animals with a mixed C3/C4 or C4‐based diet, but pigs with different 87Sr/86Sr ratios are likely raised by dispersed feeding modes. The inhabitants had diverse approaches for obtaining animal resources, including husbandry, hunting, and exchange. Diverse animal subsistence patterns are closely related to the complex geographical environment, reflecting the adaptation of farmers living in the high mountain valley regions.

Inverse Association between the Global Diet Quality Score and New-Onset Hypertension in Adults: A Nationwide Cohort Study

BackgroundThe Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) is a simple and practical dietary metric associated with a number of chronic diseases. The GDQS included various foods related to blood pressure, especially diverse plant-based foods that have shown to lower blood pressure. However, studies on the role of the GDQS in reducing the risk of new-onset hypertension and whether its performance differs from that of other dietary metrics are lacking. ObjectiveWe aimed to examine the association between the GDQS and new-onset hypertension and to compare its performance with that of other dietary patterns, including the Plant-based Diet Index (PDI), alternate Mediterranean diet (aMED) score, Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010, and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score in Chinese adults. MethodsWe included a total of 12,002 participants (5644 males and 6358 females) aged >18 y from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1997–2015). Dietary intake was estimated using average food intakes from 3 consecutive 24-h dietary recalls. Multivariable relative risks (RRs) were computed for hypertension using modified Poisson regression models. ResultsWith ≤18 y of follow-up (mean 8.7± 5.4 y), we ascertained 4232 incident cases of hypertension. Compared with participants with a low GDQS score (<15), the multivariable-adjusted RR of hypertension was 0.72 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.62, 0.83] among participants with a high score (≥23). A 25% increment in the GDQS was associated with a 30% (RR, 0.70; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.76) lower risk of new-onset hypertension, which was comparable with the RRs of new-onset hypertension associated with every 25% increment in the PDI (RR, 0.84; 95% CI: 0.76, 0.93), DASH score (RR, 0.84; 95% CI: 0.78, 0.91), and aMED score (RR, 0.89; 95% CI: 0.84, 0.93). ConclusionA higher GDQS was associated with a lower risk of new-onset hypertension, with comparable associations of new-onset hypertension with PDI, DASH, and aMED scores in Chinese adults.

Peningkatan Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang Gizi Seimbang Pada Balita

Balanced nutrition is daily food intake whose types and amounts of nutrients are in accordance with the body's needs. Fulfillment of nutrients obtained from daily food must pay attention to the principles of food diversity, physical activity, clean living behavior, and maintaining a normal body weight to prevent nutritional problems. To increase the knowledge of mothers under five regarding balanced nutrition, especially mothers under five in RW 02 Sirnagalih Village. This activity was carried out using a sampling method by sampling 25 respondents to obtain research results, so in this study used T test analysis in the pre test and post test with a p value &lt;0.05. The results of statistical test calculations using a computerized system, namely using the SPSS application, obtained a value of t = -3.361 and p = 0.003 (p&lt;0.05). The research results showed that respondents' knowledge increased after completing the counseling compared to before the counseling. The results obtained were 40% knowing about balanced nutrition then it became 72% after counseling. From community service activities in the field of theory/material delivery the results are quite good and acceptable. The results of this research can be concluded to provide health education to increase the knowledge of mothers of toddlers regarding balanced nutrition in RW 02 Sirnagalih Village.

Pengaruh Konsentrasi Sari Buah Kurma (Phoenix dactylifer) terhadap Mutu Minuman Jeli Karika Kurma

Karika is one of the typical fruits of Dieng, Wonosobo, Central Java. Karika has a high water content, so it is included in the fruit that does not last long when stored fresh. Characteristics of Karika fruit which is sour and slightly bitter and has sap that can cause itching, making Karika unpalatable to be consumed directly. To increase the usability of Karika fruit, food diversification is carried out by making Karika kurma jelly drink with the addition of Sukkari date juice as a sugar substitute sweetener. This study aims to examine the effect of the concentration of date palm juice (Phoenix dactylifera) on the quality of Karika kurma jelly drink. This type of research is an experimental study with a completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor and five levels of three repetitions. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA at level α 0.05 if there was a significant difference, then the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was continued. The ANOVA test results showed that all parameters were significantly different. The more addition of the concentration of Sukkari date juice causes an increase in the value of viscosity, total dissolved solids, pH and total sucrose sugar, and decreases the value of syneresis. The results showed that the best treatment was the addition of 27.5% concentration of Sukkari date palm extract with a viscosity characteristic of 1204.67 Cps, total dissolved solids 8.53 (ºBrix), syneresis for 24, 48 and 72 hours respectively of 0 .18%, 0.32% and 0.52%, pH levels were 4.92, and sucrose levels were 2.93. The quality scores for color, aroma, taste and texture were 2.88 (dark yellow), 3.41 (rather strong), 3.19 (slightly sweet), and 2.81 (slightly chewy) with hedonic ratings like the parameters color, aroma, taste and texture.

Benefits of farmer managed natural regeneration to food security in semi-arid Ghana

Promoting Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) aims to increase the productive capacities of farmer households. Under FMNR, farmers select and manage natural regeneration on farmlands and keep them under production. While FMNR contributes to the wealth of farming communities, its contribution to household food security has rarely been researched. We, therefore, used a mixed-methods approach to address the research gap by measuring FMNR’s contribution to food security among farmer households in the Talensi district of Ghana. We adopted the Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) and Food Consumption Score (FCS) to estimate food security status among 243 FMNR farmer households and 243 non-FMNR farmer households. Also, we performed a Chi-square test of independence to compare the frequency of each food group (present vs not present) between FMNR adopters and non-FMNR adopters to establish the relationship between adopting FMNR and consuming the FCS and HDDS food groups. Our results reveal that FMNR farmer households are more food secure than non-FMNR farmer households. The HHDS of the FMNR farmer households was 9.6, which is higher than the target value of 9.1. Conversely, the HHDS of the non-FMNR farmer households was 4.3, which is lower than the target value of 9.1. Up to 86% and 37% of the FMNR farmer households and non-FMNR farmer households fell within acceptable FCS; 15% and 17% of FMNR farmer households and non-FMNR farmer households fell within borderline FCS. While none of the FMNR farmer households fell within poor FCS, 46% of non-FMNR farmer households fell within poor FCS. Adopting FMNR is significantly related to consuming all food groups promoted and benefiting from FMNR practices. The paper recommends enabling farmers in semi-arid environments to practice and invest in FMNR for long-term returns to food security.

Generational Differences in Food Choices and Consumer Behaviors in the Context of Sustainable Development.

(1) Background: This study examines diverse food choices and sustainable consumption behavior across four generations of Poles: Baby Boomers, Generation X, Generation Y, and Generation Z. (2) Methods: The research employed an online survey with a quota sample of 1000 individuals, representing the Polish population in terms of gender, residence, and education (categorized into two groups). (3) Results: For Poles, the crucial factors in food selection were product quality (69.0%), price (68.6%), and information about the product's composition (41.0%). Older cohorts (Baby Boomers and Generation X) prioritized food quality, while younger generations (Generation Y and Generation Z) emphasized price. Statistically significant differences emerged between generations regarding the product's country of origin, with older generations emphasizing its importance more. The oldest group (Baby Boomers) considered ecological certification most important. As much as 85.9% of Poles checked product expiration dates while buying products, and 82.8% bought only as much as they needed. Baby Boomers most often exhibited these two behaviors and can be considered the most responsible among all generations. (4) Conclusions: This article highlights the importance of comprehensive sustainability efforts in the context of food choices. It takes into account the socio-cultural and historical circumstances of each generation that influence their consumer habits.

Chemoprotective Properties of the Mediterranean Diet for Skin Cancer

The Mediterranean diet (MD) has proven itself protective against many diseases, including cancer. A Mediterranean diet comprises whole grains, vegetables, fruits, fish, extra virgin olive oil, red wine, and legumes. Foods studied within this diet contain high levels of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds. The diversity of healthy foods and numerous nutritional benefits maximizes chemoprotection with a variety of protective substances. The Mediterranean diet has high concentrations of polyphenols and offers chemoprotective properties including carotenoids, vitamins, and flavonoids. These phytochemicals contain antioxidant properties that prevent DNA damage. High levels of omega-3 within this diet have been studied to slow down cancer development, cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, survival, inflammation, and metastasis. The consumption of extra virgin olive oil has been found to lower the incidence of dermatological diseases. Wine-making byproducts inhibit the growth of A431 skin cancer cells and induce cytotoxicity and apoptosis only to cells with morphological changes. Our review addresses the chemoprotective properties of how a Mediterranean diet pertains specifically to skin cancer. The Mediterranean diet has many beneficial effects on dermatological health and chemoprotection against skin cancer. The impact of chemoprotection from a Mediterranean diet allows for development of a nutritional approach to minimize skin cancer incidence and skin cancer metastasis via dietary changes.

Cereal β-d-Glucans in Food Processing Applications and Nanotechnology Research

Cereal (1,3)(1,4)-β-d-glucans, known as β-d-glucans, are cell wall polysaccharides observed in selected plants of grasses, and oats and barley are their good natural sources. Thanks to their physicochemical properties β-d-glucans have therapeutic and nutritional potential and a specific place for their functional characteristics in diverse food formulations. They can function as thickeners, stabilizers, emulsifiers, and textural and gelation agents in beverages, bakery, meat, and extruded products. The objective of this review is to describe the primary procedures for the production of β-d-glucans from cereal grains, to define the processing factors influencing their properties, and to summarize their current use in the production of novel cereal-based foods. Additionally, the study delves into the utilization of β-d-glucans in the rapidly evolving field of nanotechnology, exploring potential applications within this technological realm.

Hubungan Keragamanan Makanan dengan Status Gizi Balita Usia 1-5 Tahun

Food diversity is a major problem for all developing countries, including Indonesia. Dietary diversity is associated with the risk of stunting and other nutritional problems. Stunting will have a negative impact on children's thinking, memory, school performance and work productivity in the future. In an effort to reduce the high stunting rate in Sumberwungu Village, the Government was distributing additional food in the form of snacks but it was not in accordance with nutritional needs. The aim of this research was to determine whether the nutritional status of toddlers aged 1-5 years was related to diversity in Sumberwungu Village, Tepus, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. This type of research uses a retrospective methodology and is an analytical observational study. The sample in the research was 34 toddlers who experienced nutritional problems. Food diversity data was collected using the IDDS questionnaire with a non-consecutive 2x24 hour recall method. The data analysis used in this research is univariate and bivariate analysis. Bivariate analysis in this study uses the Kendal-Tau test to determine the relationship between food diversity and the nutritional status of toddlers. The results of data analysis showed that there was no relationship between food diversity and nutritional status in toddlers aged 1-5 years (z score BB/U p= 0.898, z score TB/U p= 0.941, and z score BB/TB p= 0.913).

Modelling a sorghum logistics as a substitution of wheat to encourage food diversification program and enhance the productivity of local crops

the current diet trend in Indonesia suggests noodles made from wheat as the alternative to rice. This condition leads Indonesia to import the wheat as much as 11.5 million tonnes per year. In fact, Indonesia has become the world’s second largest wheat importer and ranks among East Asia’s largest staple food importers, mainly for wheat. The distribution of wheat commodity is being hampered due to the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, both of whom are major wheat suppliers in global market. As a solution, President of Indonesia, declaring a means to utilise other crops or implementing food diversification by using sorghum. Sorghum is a grain that able to thrive in tropical and dry areas, such as Indonesia and is possible to substitute that of some wheat. This final project aims to plan door to door sorghum logistic model whenever used as a substitution of wheat in a dry noodle factory located in Sidoarjo Regency by acquiring the lowest cost and a scheduling of sorghum deliveries to fulfil daily demand of the factory itself. The method applied to model the logistic planning is Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) to determine which scenario giving the most minimum cost. The result of the analysis performed showing that the operational pattern chosen is port to port with voyage charter option obtained a freight cost of Rp17.549.076.988 or a unit cost of Rp558.571 /ton. The scheduling model shows that scenario of warehouse renting in every field is chosen and by doing the sensitivity analysis giving the total cost of Rp11.566.026.812 which includes trucking cost, warehouse cost, and stacking cost. The result shows the overall cost of the sorghum logistic model is Rp29.115.103.800 or equal to Rp926.708 /ton. Furthermore, the partial substitution of sorghum flour for wheat flour results in an 9,81% rise in production costs

Physical quality of goat milk yogurt with the addition of pineapple and purple sweet potato

It is necessary to eliminate the rancid smell of goat milk by fermentation technology through yogurt-making plus pineapple juice and purple sweet potato juice stabilizer. Adding pineapple juice and purple sweet potato is a food diversification by utilizing agricultural production and maintaining environmental sustainability. The study sought to enhance consumer enthusiasm for ingesting goat milk yoghurt by incorporating pineapple juice and purple sweet potato. This study used a factorial experiment in RAL 3 x 3 with 3 replications. Factor I pineapple juice dose consists of N1 = 5%, N2 = 10%, and N3 =15%. Factor II dose of purple sweet potato juice consisted T1: 0.2% (T1), T2: 0.4% and T3: 0.6%. Control goat milk yogurt without adding pineapple and purple sweet potato juice. The parameters studied consisted of. swell ability and solubility, syneresis, viscosity and WHC (Water Holding Capacity). The results of the study the addition of 15% pineapple juice (N3) and 0.6% purple sweet potato (T3) produced the best physical quality of goat milk yogurt increasing the swelling power, solubility, water holding capacity, viscosity with respective values of 10.73%, 3.08%, 90%, and 352.93% and decreasing syneresis with a value of 15.73%.

Elevated blood pressure among children born to women with obstructed labour in Eastern Uganda: a cohort study

BackgroundGlobally, high systolic blood pressure accounts for 10.8 million deaths annually. The deaths are disproportionately higher among black people. The reasons for this disparity are poorly understood, but could include a high burden of perinatal insults such as birth asphyxia. Therefore, we aimed to assess the incidence of elevated blood pressure and to explore associated factors among children born to women with obstructed labour.MethodsWe followed up children born to women with obstructed labour aged 25 to 44 months at Mbale regional referral hospital that had participated in the sodium bicarbonate trial ( Trial registration number PACTR201805003364421) between October 2021 and April 2022. Our primary outcome was elevated blood pressure defined as blood pressure (either systolic or diastolic or both) ≥ the 90th percentile for age, height, and sex in the reference population based on the clinical practice guideline for screening and management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios between selected exposures and elevated blood pressure.ResultsThe incidence of elevated blood pressure was (39/140, 27.9%: 95% (CI: 20.6–36.1)). Participants aged three years and above had twice the odds of elevated blood pressure as those aged less than three years (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.46: 95% CI (1.01–5.97). Female participants had 2.81 times the odds of elevated blood pressure as their male counterparts (AOR 2.81 95% CI (1.16–6.82). Participants with reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate had 2.85 times the odds of having elevated blood pressure as those with normal estimated glomerular filtration rate (AOR 2.85 95% CI (1.00–8.13). We found no association between arterial cord lactate, stunting, wealth index, exclusive breastfeeding, food diversity and elevated blood pressure.ConclusionOur findings show a high incidence of elevated blood pressure among children. We encourage routine checking for elevated blood pressure in the pediatric population particularly those with known risk factors.

Protocol for the Gut Bugs in Autism Trial: a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial of faecal microbiome transfer for the treatment of gastrointestinal symptoms in autistic adolescents and adults

IntroductionAutism (formally autism spectrum disorder) encompasses a group of complex neurodevelopmental conditions, characterised by differences in communication and social interactions. Co-occurring chronic gastrointestinal symptoms are common among autistic individuals and...