Follicle Stimulating Hormone Beta Gene Research Articles

Common and female-specific roles of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptors N and N2 in mice reproduction

Simultaneous knockout of the neuroendocrine marker genes Ptprn and Ptprn2, which encode the protein tyrosine phosphatase receptors N and N2, causes infertility in female mice while males are fertile. To elucidate the mechanism of the sex-specific roles of Ptprn and Ptprn2 in mouse reproduction, we analyzed the effects of their double knockout (DKO) on the hypothalamic-pituitary–gonadal axis. In DKO females, delayed puberty and lack of ovulation were observed, complemented by changes in ovarian gene expression and steroidogenesis. In contrast, testicular gene expression, steroidogenesis, and reproductive organs development were not significantly affected in DKO males. However, in both sexes, pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) beta gene expression and LH levels were reduced, as well as follicle-stimulating hormone beta gene and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) gene, while the calcium-mobilizing and LH secretory actions of GnRH were preserved. Hypothalamic Gnrh1 and Kiss1 gene expression was also reduced in DKO females and males. In parallel, a significant decrease in the density of immunoreactive GnRH and kisspeptin fibers was detected in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus of DKO females and males. The female-specific kisspeptin immunoreactivity in the rostral periventricular region of the third ventricle was also reduced in DKO females, but not in DKO males. These data indicate a critical role of Ptprn and Ptprn2 in kisspeptin-GnRH neuronal function and sexual dimorphism in the threshold levels of GnRH required to preserve reproductive functions.

Effect of ESR, FSHB and PRLR Genes on Sperm Traits of Landrace and Yorkshire Boars in the Tropical Environmental Conditions of Vietnam

Background: Fertility traits in pigs made a restricted progress through traditional selection. Applying marker assisted selection could improve these traits. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of candidate genes Estrogen Receptor (ESR), Follicle Stimulating Hormone Beta (FSHB) and Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) on sperm quality traits of Landrace and Yorkshire boars under tropical conditions in Northern Vietnam.Methods: A total of 6306 ejaculates from 140 boars (92 Landrace and 48 Yorkshire) were collected to estimate sperm ejaculate volume (VOL), spermatozoon motility (MO), sperm concentration (CO) and total number of spermatozoon in ejaculate (NT). Ear tissue samples were collected for genotype identification of SNP present in ESR, FSHB and PRLR genes using PCR-RFLP technique. A mixed model was used to test the effect of different genetic and non-genetic factors on the sperm quality traits.Result: The genotype frequencies of ESR, FSHB and PRLR were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for each breed. Age of boars and month of the year had significant effect on all the sperm quality traits (P less than 0.01) while effect of breed was found to be non-significant on all the sperm quality trait. FSHB gene significantly (P less than 0.05) affected VOL, MO and CO. Boars with BB genotype showed positive effect on VOL but negative effect on MO and CO in comparison with AA genotype boars. ESR gene showed only effect on VOL while PRLR affected only MO. Boars with AA and AB genotypes of ESR gene had a significantly higher VOL than those with BB genotype (P less than 0.05). For PRLR gen, AB genotype was associated with higher MO than AA genotype (P less than 0.05). These results suggest a possibility of using the existing polymorphisms in ESR, FSHB and PRLR genes to improve some sperm traits of Landrace and Yorkshire boars.

Associations of Polymorphisms in Four Candidate Genes with Carcass and/or Meat-Quality Traits in Two Meat-Type Chicken Lines

The associations between polymorphisms of five genes, calpain 1 ( CAPN1 ), follicle stimulating hormone beta (FSHB), follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), and retinol binding protein 7 (RBP7), and live weight, carcass composition, and meat-quality traits were estimated from two meat-type chickens lines (n = 311). Except for the variants of the FSHR gene, 11 SNPs of the other four genes and two diplotypes of PPARG were associated with one or more traits excluding shear factor (SF). SNP C31566680T of the CAPN1 gene was significantly associated with live weight (LW) carcass traits. The SNP A4580859C of FSHB gene was significantly associated with breast muscle weight (BrW) and LW. One of the PPARG SNPs, C5070948T, was associated with intramuscular fat content in breast (IMF br ). Diplotype P1 of the PPARG gene was significantly associated with LW and all carcass traits. P3 were significantly associated with abdominal fat weight (AbFW). SNPs in RBP7 were only associated with BrW. These results indicate that the four genes were associated with these traits and have promise as genetic markers for future marker-assisted selection. Supplementary materials for this paper are available online.

Polymorphism in exon 3 of follicle stimulating hormone beta ( FSHB) subunit gene and its association with litter traits and superovulation in the goat

The polymorphism in follicle stimulating hormone beta ( FSHB) subunit gene was detected by PCR-SSCP and PCR-RFLP methods in 780 does from four goat breeds including Boer, Matou, Black and Boer–Matou crossbred (BM). The associations of FSHB genotypes with litter size (LS), litter weight at birth (LWB) and gestation length (GL) as well as superovulation performances were analyzed in relatively lower-prolific Boer and higher-prolific Matou breeds. A 1514 bp linear DNA sequence of goat FSHB gene covering the complete 3 exons was cloned by four pairs of primer. A new mutation (A2645G, GenBank Accession no: S64745) locating in exon 3 causing an amino acid change from glutamine (Gln) to arginine (Arg) at residue 115 was identified, which resulted in three genotypes named AA, AB and BB. The three genotypes were detected in the four studied goat breeds. The higher-prolific Matou breed had the highest frequency of genotype AA. Association analysis showed that Boer and Matou does with AA genotype have the largest LS both in average and in parities from first to fourth ( P < 0.05). Furthermore, Boer does with AA genotype had the heaviest LWB compared to other two genotypes ( P < 0.05). Matou does with AA genotype have more numbers of ova harvested, large follicles and corpus lutea on ovaries after superovulation than those with BB genotype ( P < 0.05). Therefore, these results suggest that the FSHB gene is a candidate gene that affects reproduction traits in goats.

Polymorphism in the first intron of follicle stimulating hormone beta gene in three Chinese pig breeds and two European pig breeds

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is a pituitary gonadotropin that plays a key role in the regulation of gonadal function in mammal. The gonadotropic hormones are composed of two subunits, the common alpha subunit and the hormone-specific beta subunit, which determine the binding to specific receptors and induction of biological response. The aim of this study was to investigate the polymorphism of the first intron of FSH-β gene present in different pig breeds and its influence on the expression of FSH-β gene. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood of three Chinese local pig breeds and two European pig breeds. The first intron of FSH-β gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the PCR product was then determined by sequencing. The correlation between the expression level of FSH-β gene and the sequence polymorphism was evaluated by RT-PCR using 29 heterozygous pig breeds. Three patterns of the PCR amplified fragments were observed in five different pig breeds. They are 500 bp, 220 bp, and 500/220 bp in length representing three different genotypes with respect to the size of the first intron of FSH-β gene. After sequencing the whole intron 1 of FSH-β, we have found that the different size of the PCR amplified fragments was attributed to an insertion element, which was only found in the larger fragment. The insertion, specific in pig genome, showed high similarity to short interspersed nucleotide elements (SINE). Moreover, The Chinese pig breeds, Xiang, Nuogu and Kele pig, exhibited a statistically significant higher frequency of the allele with this SINE in FSH-β gene than the European pig breeds did. To elucidate whether the SINE insertion affects the expression of FSH-β gene, 29 heterozygous Chinese and European pig breeds were tested by RT-PCR. The results confirmed that the major transcript in the heterozygous pigs was from SINE− allele but not detected from SINE+ allele. These data suggested that the SINE insertion negatively regulated the expression of FSH-β gene and the dominant character related to propagation was gained from the SINE− allele of FSH-β locus in heterozygous breeds of pigs.

Mutations in the follicle-stimulating hormone-beta (FSH beta) and FSH receptor genes in mice and humans.

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), a dimeric glycoprotein synthesized in the anterior pituitary gland, is important for the production of sex steroids and gametes. FSH-beta (FSH beta) and FSH receptor (FSHR) knockout mice display impaired ovarian follicular development and infertility in females and small testes, oligospermia, and fertility in males. Humans with FSH beta gene mutations tend to have a more severe phenotype than those with FSHR gene mutations, although infertility and varying degrees of impaired sex steroid production occur in both types of mutations. Data from human and mouse mutations in the FSH beta and FSHR genes suggest that FSH is necessary for normal pubertal development and fertility in males and females.

Regulation of beta-chain mRNA of ovine follicle-stimulating hormone by 17 beta-estradiol.

17 beta-Estradiol (E2) rapidly and reversibly decreases the synthesis of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in primary dispersed cell cultures of ovine pituitaries. Similarly, E2 also causes a decrease in the messenger RNA for the beta subunit of ovine FSH (FSH beta-mRNA) as measured in an in vitro translation assay. These results are consistent with the concept that E2 directly regulates either transcription of the FSH beta gene or processing of FSH beta-mRNA in sheep. Of additional interest is the observation that pituitary cultures from various species respond differently to E2 in terms of FSH synthesis. For example, E2 stimulates FSH synthesis in rat pituitary cultures, has no effect in similar rabbit cultures, and inhibits FSH synthesis in ovine cultures. Thus, a set of eukaryotic 'mutants' may exist to aid studies of the effect of E2 on FSH synthesis and secretion.