Hyperplasia Of Follicles Research Articles

Effects of Chronic Topical Application of 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-Acetate on the Skin and Internal Organs of SENCAR Mice

Repetitive topical applications of 2 micrograms 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) twice weekly for 37 to 52 weeks induced a sustained epidermal hyperplasia, hyperplasia of hair follicles, and increased dermal cellularity in SENCAR mice. In addition, after 52 weeks of protracted promoter treatment most animals developed generalized amyloidosis involving liver and spleen, as well as interstitial nephritis. Severe pyelonephritis and papillary necrosis were also frequently seen. Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia was also a frequent finding. Chronic administration of TPA is not an innocuous treatment affecting only the interfollicular epidermis. The general effect of the promoter on the animals was a marked decrease in their longevity, probably through impairment of the immune system.

Effects of chronic topical application of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on the skin and internal organs of SENCAR mice.

Repetitive topical applications of 2 micrograms 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) twice weekly for 37 to 52 weeks induced a sustained epidermal hyperplasia, hyperplasia of hair follicles, and increased dermal cellularity in SENCAR mice. In addition, after 52 weeks of protracted promoter treatment most animals developed generalized amyloidosis involving liver and spleen, as well as interstitial nephritis. Severe pyelonephritis and papillary necrosis were also frequently seen. Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia was also a frequent finding. Chronic administration of TPA is not an innocuous treatment affecting only the interfollicular epidermis. The general effect of the promoter on the animals was a marked decrease in their longevity, probably through impairment of the immune system.

Lymphocyte status of lymph node and blood in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex disease.

Blood lymphocytes and lymph nodes from three patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and two cases with AIDS-related complex (ARC) were studied during the course of the disease. The lymph node histomorphology could be grossly categorized into three stages: follicle hyperplasia, follicle degeneration and the depleted stage. In the first stage, follicles show large and sometimes irregular-sized germinal centres and narrow B-cell mantles. Dendritic reticulum cells in the germinal centres reveal disruption of their fine dendritic processes; often indentations are visible, filled with small B- and T-lymphocytes of follicle mantle and paracortical origin. These lesions may be the first signs of follicle degeneration, in which only hyalinized remnants of follicle centres are found. The changes in the paracortex are less prominent than those in the follicles. The disturbance in the numerical balance of T-cell subsets of helper-induced and suppressor-cytotoxic phenotypes is less than that found in the blood. In some cases the paracortex reveals a high density of T6-positive elements resembling interdigitating cells, suggestive of continuous antigen exposure. We found follicle hyperplasia in ARC, follicle degeneration in one case of ARC and in full-blown AIDS, while the depleted stage was found in lymph nodes at autopsy of AIDS patients. Lymph node changes do not completely correlate with the changes in the blood lymphocyte pool. Investigations on lymph nodes may be of value in the assessment of the prognosis of the disease.

Entamoeba histolytica: Lymphoreticular Changes in Gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) with Experimentally Induced Cecal Amebiasis

Antibody responses and changes in the lymphoreticular tissues of gerbils with experimental cecal amebiasis were studied from 5 to 60 days PI. Changes in the cecum consisted of lymphoid follicle hyperplasia and depletion of lymphocytes, followed by follicle atrophy and histiocytosis. Mesenteric lymphadenopathy, and histologic alterations in the lymph nodes paralleled the progressive development of amebic cecal lesions. Early in the infection (5 to 10 days PI) mesenteric lymph nodes showed cortical follicle hyperplasia, blastogenesis in the paracortical areas (PCA) and intense lymphoblast and plasma cell activity in the medullary cords. At 20 to 30 days PI, the cortical follicles, the PCA and the medulla were depleted of lymphocytes and there was histiocytosis throughout the organ. At 60 days PI, lymphocyte repopulation took place in the PCA, and cortical follicles had active germinal centers. Spleen follicles did not increase in number as the infection progressed, but became hyperplastic. Antibody titers to ameba were low throughout the cecal infection but rose whenever amebic metastasis to the liver occurred. The results of this study indicate that lymphocytes from the submucosal lymphoid follicles and the draining lymph nodes may control the pathogenesis of the infection. Lymphoreticular tissue alterations could result from antigenic stimulation and migration of cells to the sites of infection.

The histopathologic features of lithium-associated thyroiditis

The case of a 62-year-old woman with lithium-associated thyroiditis is presented. Lithium can produce goiters associated with hypothyroidism and, less commonly, hyperthyroidism and euthyroidism. The characteristic histopathologic features of the affected thyroid gland included fibrosis, lymphoid follicles with atrophy, and hyperplasia of thyroid follicles. The pathogenetic mechanism appears to be immunologic, with lithium acting as a haptene with a thyroid antigen to induce an "autoimmune" type of thyroiditis.

Studies on the Radioreceptor Assay of TSH

In the radioreceptor assay system for TSH, serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) from some patients with Graves' disease has been shown to inhibit the binding of labelled TSH to its receptor sites. In order to clarify the properties of these TSH-binding inhibitor immunoglobulins (TBII) in patients with Graves' disease, TBII were measured in sera from 31 untreated and 51 131I-treated patients, and their relation to clinical and laboratory findings was studied. TBII were detected in 18 (60%) out of 31 patients with untreated Graves' disease. TBII levels in these patients correlated well with thyroidal 99mTc uptake at 30 min and also with the grade of epithelial hyperplasia of thyroid follicles. There was no significant correlation between TBII and serum T3, serum T4, free T4 index, antibody titers against thyroglobulin and microsomes, or association of exophthalmos. There were many patients with Graves' disease whose sera contained high TBII levels but no detectable bioassayable thyroid-stimulating activity (LATS), and in these patients a close correlation was observed between serum levels of TBII and bioassayable LATS-protector activity. In patients with Graves' disease who had been treated by 131I from 5 to 17 years before, the incidence of TBII was very low at 20% (10/51). All except two cases having TBII were found to be still thyrotoxic. Thus, TBII were detected in 8 out of 10 thyrotoxic patients and in only 2 out of 18 euthyroid and none of 23 hypothyroid patients. These findings suggest that TBII in patients with Graves' disease were in close association with human thyroid stimulating activity, and that TBII might be useful as an indicator for checking the effectiveness of the treatment.

Detection and properties of TSH-binding inhibitor immunoglobulins in patients with Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

TSH-binding inhibitor immunoglobulins (TBII) have been detected in patients with Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis by using the radioreceptor assay of TSH. In untreated Graves' patients, TBII levels correlated well with thyroidal 99mTc uptake at 30 min and the grade of epithelial hyperplasia of thyroid follicles. There were many Graves' patients whose sera contained high TBII levels but no detectable bioassayable thyroid-stimulating activity (LATS), and in these patients, close correlation was observed between serum levels of TBII and bioassayable LATS-protector activity. TBII were detectable in 2 (10%) of 20 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, both of whom were clinically hypothyroid. The serum or IgG fraction from one of them, however, did not contain any significant LATS, LATS-protector, or human thyroid adenylate cyclase-stimulating activity and caused inhibition of adenylate cyclase stimulation by TSH. In that patient, TBII may be acting to block TSH binding to TSH receptors, thus causing TSH unresponsiveness and hypothyroidism.

Clinical, haematological and pathological studies in donkeys experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei.

Donkeys experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei showed dullness, weakness, fever, inappetence, conjunctivitis, tachycardia and polydyspnoea soon after detectable parasitaemia. The parasitaemia was generally low with transient high peaks except in the terminal stage when there was sustained high parasitaemia. A moderate anaemia was present as from the second week of infection but it was not progressive. There was a marked leucopoenia within 24 h of patent parasitaemia. Death occurred 2 to 2 1/2 months after infection and at necropsy there was severe emaciation as well as mild serous effusion. Histologically, there was a nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis, cranial neuritis, extensive haemosiderosis, hyperplasia of follicles in lymph nodes and spleen and giant cell reaction in lymph nodes. Trypanosomes were present in the cerebrospinal fluid, the eye and serous effusions. These observations are similar to those previously reported in other animals infected with T. brucei.

Effect of some antithyroid drugs on the corpuscles of Stannius and thyroid gland of the catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch)

The histological changes in the corpuscles of Stannius (CS) and the thyroid gland were studied after administration of two antithyroid drugs, viz., thiourea and thiouracil in the catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). Injections of thiourea resulted in hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and hyperaemia of the thyroid follicles, whereas thiouracil treatment produced stimulatory changes in the thyroid gland up to 30 days only. After a prolonged immersion in thiourea solution the hypertrophied thyroid follicles underwent atrophic changes. Despite pronounced alterations in the thyroidal activity no significant changes could be discerned either in the granularity or in the cell and nuclear diameters of the CS. It, therefore, seems that a lack of thyroid hormone has no apparent effect on the CS of the catfish.

Morphological and biochemical investigation of the organs of immunogenesis during intracerebral growth of transplanted glioblastoma multiforme in albino rats

Morphological changes in the organs of immunogenesis (thymus, lymph glands, spleen) were studied and the RNA content of these organs determined biochemically in 92 rats during growth of a transplanted intracerebral glioblastoma multiforme (strain No. 101/12). The response of the lymphoreticular organs was shown to depend on the stage of the disease. On the 6th day after transplantation of the tumor, for instance, activation of the reticuloendothelial part of the thymus, hyperplasia of the lymphoid follicles in the lymph glands, and activation of nucleic acid synthesis were observed, whereas in animals with a developing tumor death of the lymphoic elements and a decrease in RNA sysnthesis were found. Morphological investigation of the spleen showed a gradual reduction in its cell population.

A case of SLE occurring after splenectomy with ITP as an initial symptom

The patient was a woman, 35 years old, who showed marked thrombocytopenia and decreases of megakaryocytes since 2 years. Hemorrhagic disorders was recovered by blood transfusion and adrenocorticosteroid treatment. As marked thrombocytopenia and hemorrhagic diathesis, which developed thereaffer, were not ameliorated by similar therapy, splenectomy was performed. Although a rise in platelets was observed, she showed increased sedimentation rate of erythrocyte, generalized lymph nodes, erythema and swelling of joint with pain after 4 months. Laboratory examination revealed increases of γ-globulin and IgG in serum protein, positiv CRP and RA test, LE cells and ANF. Finally, she died with evidence of mental and neurologic dysfunction.In the extipated spleen, hyperplastic follicle and angitis (3-4 grades) hyperplasia of media, and interruption of collagen in blood vessels were found, although onion skin lesion was not detected.In the cutaneous tissue, small vessels were surrounded by infiltrated lymphocyte.From clinical course, it is considered that ITP develop, preceeding by several months other obvious manifestation of SLE which occurred after splenectomy.

Influence of hydrocortisone on the microscopic changes produced by Naja nigricollis venom in kidney, liver and spleen

The effects of N. nigricollis venom, in sublethal multiple doses, on the kidney, liver and spleen were demonstrated in mice. The kidney showed degenerative changes in the tubular system together with cellular infiltration. In the liver, there was vacuolization and fatty degeneration of the parenchymal cells, together with round cellular infiltration around the bile ducts. The microscopic changes in the spleen consisted of hyperplasia of the lymph follicles as evidenced by the large number of lymphoblasts. After hydrocortisone, the renal tubules exhibited more vacuolization and round cell infiltration. The changes induced by the venom in the liver were ameliorated by hydrocortisone. In the spleen, hydrocortisone caused a marked increase in the number of megakaryocytes.

Morphological and Functional Differentiation of Isolated Parafollicular and Follicular Epithelial Cells of the Rat Thyroids during Culture

Thyroid follicular epithelial cells (E-cells) and parafollicular cells (P-cells) were isolated by a new method from rats pretreated with thyroxine. The dissociated cells were centrifuged on the discontinous gradients of dextran A composed of 8 layers from 5% to 40%. The E-cells were found microscopically to be concentrated in 15% layer, while the P-cells in 25 or 30% layer. Each pellet of two kinds of cells was almost free of contamination by other kind of cells. Only the P-cells were responsible for calcitonin production according to bioassay. Both the isolated E-and P-cells certainly differentiated to reproduce the follicles in the control media-199. The new follicle formation from the isolated E-cells was stimulated by TSH, but not by calcium and iodide. On the other hand, the new follicle formation from the isolated P-cells was also facilitated by calcium, calcium and iodide in combination, or TSH. Especially the combined treatment with calcium and iodide resulted in a remarkable hyperplasia of follicles and the typical hyperfunctional picture with an increase of calcitonin content, but with a negligible 131I uptake. Calcium, calcium plus iodide and TSH commonly provided the P-cells with the deceptive appearance analogous to the stimulated E-cells. The functions of the both cells were, however, never converted reciprocally during culture under any condition.

The Response of the Lymphoid Tissue to Corneal Heterografts

The experiments here described demonstrate morphological changes in the lymphatic tissue of rabbits with corneal xenografts (heterografts) at the time of advanced graft reaction. These changes consist of hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles and enlargement of germinal centers of conjunctiva, lymph nodes, and spleen, as well as lymphocytic reaction in the liver. In rabbits in which the rejection was delayed for two more weeks, with low doses of azathioprine similar but milder changes were observed in the lymphatic tissue before graft rejection, indicating that such systemic alterations can develop in the presence of avascular corneas.

Estudo imunocitológico do fígado, baço e gânglio linfático de pacientes na forma hepatoesplênica da esquistossomose mansônica, utilizando a microscopia de fluorescência

Os autores estudaram amostras de fígado, baço e linfonodos de 45 pacientes portadores da forma hépatoesplênica da esqúistossomose mansônica, utilizando a técnica de imunofluorescência para detecção de antígenos em tecidos. Os casos que dispunham de dados clínicos e laboratoriais mais completos foram divididos em 3 grupos, de acôrdo com a idade, tendo sido tentada uma correlação entre a gravidade da doença e os achados imunológicos no baço e fígado. A correlação se mostrou positiva quanto ao baço e, sobretudo, nos grupos de crianças e adultos jovens. O estudo imunocitológico dos fígados à luz U.V. demonstrou a presença de células fagocitárías fluorescentes nos espaços porta, faixas de fibrose e, mais raramente nos sinusoides. A distribuição e freqüência das células fluorescentes, excetuados os granulomas, mostrou-se irregular e incaracterística. Estudo semelhante no baço demonstrou uniformidade de distribuição das células fluorescentes, predominantemente nos cordões de Billroth e nos sinusoides; menos freqüentemente nas trabéculas. Os folículos linfóides aparecem desprovidos de células fluorescentes. Do exame de numerosos granulomas em fígado e linfonodos, foi realizado um estudo evolutivo desta lesão. Os diversos aspectos imunocitológicos permitiram estabelecer cinco fases neste processo. As células fluorescentes são fagocitárias e reconhecíveis como polimorfonucleares neutrófilos e histiócitos; células redondas pequenas e algumas células alongadas não puderam ser identificadas. O material fluorescente dentro do ôvo ou no interior do citoplasma dos fagócitos aparece na forma de grumos e de finos grânulos com fluorescência verde-maçã brilhante. Os principais aspectos defendidos pelos autores podem ser sumariados como segue: o baço é mais uniformemente representativo do estado imunológico vigente nesta doença; as lesões fibroplásticas do fígado guardam relação direta com reações imunológicas; o infiltrado inflamatório dos espaços porta e das Jaixas de fibrose é especifico, pelo menos em parte; o granuloma esquistossoviótico é um processo reacional específico frente ao material antigênico contido no ôvo; o material antigênico demonstrado pelo método usado na esquistosomose mansônica é particulado (o método não permite demonstrar antígenos solúveis).

184. Tumor-like hyperplasia of lymph follicles in the intussuscepted ileum

184. Tumor-like hyperplasia of lymph follicles in the intussuscepted ileum

The significance of the lymphoid apparatus of the bronchial tree in the development of leukemic foci in the lungs associated with transplanted leukemia in mice

In studying the transplantable hemocytoblastic leukemia in mice changes in the lungs were traced from the 1st to the 12th day of the development of this affection. As a rule, no leukemic infiltrates occurred in the lungs in leukemia of affected mice. Leukemic infiltrates from hemocytoblasts are formed only in cases when there is a marked hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles of the bronchial tree in the presence of inflammatory process in the lungs. Leukemic infiltrates are nestlike in nature, are located in the usual sites of lymphoidal accumulations and with a partial atelectasis of the lungs may acquire a pseudodiffuse appearance. There was no conformity between the development of leukemic changes in the transplantation focus and in the pulmonary tissue.

Long term studies of the rat reticuloendothelial system and endocrine gland responses to foreign particles

Changes in morphology and responses of macrophages to a single intravenous injection of carbon or thorium dioxide (Thorotrast) were studied in rats. Localization of C particles is described in detail, although an identical response of macrophages to ThO/sub 2/ was observed. In lever, C particles were observed in Kupffer cells lining the sinusoids of the hepatic lobule 24 hr after injection. At 48 hr the concentration of C increased within the hepatic lobule. The increased uptake of C by individual Kupffer cells eventually led to conglomeration of these macrophages and apparent sinusoidal occlusion. Only a minimal amount of C particles was observed in the lungs at one month, but migration of Claden macrophages to lung from liver began one month after the injection and quickly ceased shortly afterward. There was a relative increase in the particles demonstrated in the spleen as the experiment progressed. Administration of the reticuloendothelial blocking agents resulted in morphological changes in the thyroid gland, anterior pituitary, and adrenals. Both C and ThO/sub 2/ produced a hyperplasia of the thyroid follicles. Concomitantly, there was a marked increase in the number of thyrotrophic cells of the anterior pituitary, suggesting thyrotropin production or release. There was also an increasedmore » infiltration of a sudanophilic positive substance into all the zones of the adrenal cortex. (H.H.D.)« less

Lymphosarcoma: the effects of therapy and survival in 1,269 patients in a review of 30 years' experience.

Excerpt INTRODUCTION A review has been completed of the experience with lymphosarcoma at the Memorial Center for Cancer and Allied Diseases during the last 30 years. This has been a comprehensive s...

Giant follicular lymphoblastoma: its treatment with radioisotopes.

Excerpt Giant follicular lymphoblastoma was first identified as a distinct disease entity by Brill, Baehr and Rosenthal in 1925.1Their original description was "benign giant follicle hyperplasia," ...