Folklorists Research Articles

SOME SCIENTIFIC AND THEORETICAL ISSUES OF ESTH-FOLKLOROISTICS

Esth-folkloroistics is one of the structural branches of integrative folklore studies. It provides for the re-artistic reproduction of aesthetic objects within the framework of the art of speech. The wide range of research possibilities of folklore as a source of integrative science today and the dynamics of integrative justifications in the art of speech led to the formation of this term. Therefore, the presentation of a new scientific and methodological concept of national-level esth-folkloroistics studies will be one of the most innovative and relevant synergistic studies in accordance with modern trends in the humanitarian sphere. At the same time, attention should be paid to a number of topical issues: identification and systematization of types of folklorism; consideration of the level of folklorization of literary works. In particular, the problem of the National Art of speech is the disclosure of the theoretical nature of the "feedback" built on the relationship "written literature –oral literature"; the formulation of the concept of "initiatory environment". To demonstrate the possibility of connecting the concepts of initiative creative –author's oral literature with the discussion of foreign experiences; to propose innovative ways of teaching the theory of esth-folkloroistics based on modern concepts ofeducation. The implementation of such tasks will form the basis for the formation of the scientific theoretical status of esth-folkloroistics in the national scientific system, with the definition of qualitative integration value-content, and not quantitative indicators of folklore.

CRITERIA FOR DIFFERENTIATING KAZAKH FOLK PROSE TEXTS

This paper deals with the analysis of Kazakh folk prose texts and provides the criteria for performing functions such as aesthetic, didactic, and practical education of genres. Through this study, distinct attributes and cultural significance within Kazakh folk prose were uncovered, fostering a profound comprehension of literary heritage. To achieve this, various global folklore studies approach is employed to explore the enchanting appeal of Kazakh folk prose, particularly within the realm of fairy tales, and its ability to impart invaluable life lessons. Furthermore, non-fictional prose was revealed to serve as a conduit for conveying practical knowledge concerning Kazakhstan’s natural environment and historical past. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the unique nature and features of Kazakh folk prose, it is imperative to adopt an inclusive approach that takes into account both its cognitive and artistic dimensions. Scholars who have delved into the genres of Kazakh folk prose and their artistic functionalities have made substantial contributions to our holistic comprehension of this cherished legacy, shedding light on its cultural implications, and showcasing the collective wealth of the Kazakh people. By dissecting these notions, this study unveils the efficacy of a comprehensive grasp of the literary heritage, encompassing its cultural significance and nuanced delineation of invaluable ideas. We are of the conviction that this endeavor will kindle the ardor for safeguarding and distinguishing the prose legacy within Kazakh folklore, propelling onward investigations and a heightened reverence for this illustrious literary lineage.

Genre Classification and the Current State of Turkmen Musical Folklore

The aim of the article is to characterise the existing classification systems of Turkmen musical folklore, as well as to outline new ways of studying folklore genres to determine their typological characteristics. Results. Turkmen music is part of a single common Turkic culture, and its musical folklore is distinguished by a variety of genres and forms. Having studied the currently available systems for classifying the musical folklore genres, the author suggests classifying Turkmen folk songs not only based on their functional features but also by grouping them by timbre and methods of sound production. Scientific novelty. The study of folklore heritage allows us to penetrate into the deep layers of the artistic consciousness of the people and identify the features of their spiritual life. The issues of studying the musical heritage of the Turkic peoples are the focus of attention of many researchers, who agree that the formation of folk genres of Turkmen music, as well as the entire Turkic culture, is based on the life cycle, with its gradation by age (children, adolescents, adults), whose attitude reflects the corresponding genres of musical folklore. Conclusions. In the modern space, it is almost impossible to find examples of genuine folklore in its purest form. The change in the forms of human life, social formations, the development of professional arts, the departure from applied functions, and the oral method of transmitting traditions — all this led to the inevitable modification and disappearance of many genres of folklore. In such a situation, the study of folklore and the search for its origins become an important task for contemporary folklore studies. The multi-layered expressive means of folklore heritage requires an integrated approach to its study, taking into account the analysis of timbre and intonation, words and rhythm, melody and general compositional structure, as well as the technique of performing folk art samples.

“Gender Portrait” of the Composer Mykola Lysenko

The aim of the article is to analyse the manifestations and features of the gender component in compositional, pedagogical, cultural and social activities, folklore studies, and performance, as well as in Mykola Lysenko’s private life. Results. It is revealed that womanhood was a significant factor in shaping the psychology, worldview, and artistic universe of M. Lysenko. He, in turn, influenced/captivated women with musical talent and wholehearted dedication to the national cause. The article highlights the nature of the artist’s relationship with his female family circle, acquaintances, female colleagues, co-authors, and performers, on the basis of which the following, thoroughly positive, gender paradigms are defined: filial and parental (more broadly — family) love, responsibility for female students and choristers, collegial and professional respect, appreciation of women’s views, actions, and creative achievements, representation of the latter in his work, and respect for women’s social and pedagogical efforts. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the first-ever research on musical and anthropological issues, dedicated to reconstructing the comprehensive gender portrait of a prominent cultural and historical figure who, along with national beliefs and artistic priorities, influenced society with his own example of cultural relations between genders. Conclusions. The gender discourse of Mykola Lysenko’s life and work showed his exceptionally positive attitude towards the opposite sex, which manifested itself, on the one hand, in the absence of gender stereotypes, pejorative interpretation, or levelling, and on the other hand, in respect for women of different ages, social and professional status. This was facilitated by his thorough upbringing, European education, and the artist’s individual psychological and mental qualities such as communication skills, friendliness, empathy, humanity, decency, nobility, and others.

Role of Elements of Ukrainian Folk Costume in Cossack Folklore Heritage

The purpose of the article is to study the diversity of elements of traditional Ukrainian clothing and their symbolic content in the folklore of the Cossack period; to conduct a substantive analysis of folk art samples in terms of their classification and references to the component parts of the costume. The research methodology is based on an interdisciplinary approach. To solve the tasks set, a number of scientific methods were used, namely: historical and chronological, method of comparison and generalisation, art historical analysis, using the principles of systematicity and historicism. The source base was the heritage of Cossack folklore – lyrical, epic, and lyric-epic works. Scientific novelty. The folklore heritage of the Cossack era – the works of the Cossacks themselves and oral folklore about the Cossacks – was studied in view of the presence in their numerous samples of references to elements of traditional costume as the personification of the material and spiritual culture of Ukrainians, where each part of the integral set of clothing performs utilitarian, aesthetic, ritual, ethno-patriotic, and other functions. This applies to such common costume components as shirt, hat, belt, outerwear, and shoes. They were not only everyday items but also symbols of individual events in Cossack life. Conclusions. The analysis of the national folklore heritage of the Cossack era – the works of the Cossacks themselves and oral folklore about the Cossacks – has testified to the presence in their numerous samples of references to elements of traditional costume as the personification of the material and spiritual culture of Ukrainians, where each part of the complete set of clothing plays utilitarian, aesthetic, ritual, ethnopatriotic, and other functions. It has been found that references to such elements of traditional clothing as headwear, underwear and outerwear, jewellery and footwear were used by the people in songs, dumas, legends, fairy tales, proverbs, and sayings to emphasise social status, romanticize, and heroise characters and events.
 Key words: folk costume, traditional clothing, ritual, Cossacks, Cossack folklore, oral folk art.

Theoritical Implementation As Folklore Digital Reconstruction In Malay Literature Education

Folklore encompasses a variety of aspects, whether narratives or in other formats, and it needs to be moulded into a more creative and innovative form in line with the revolution of this century. Folklore which conveys messages underlying the expression of feelings of society can be categorised into two forms, i.e. narratives and non-narratives or the ones that are told in prose and poetry. The intrinsic values and lessons in the storytelling of folk tales are sub-primary elements in folk literature that can create deep learning in learners. For literary works to have a significant impact on literary education, they must take into account the evolving interests and demands of today's learners. In addition to emphasising the value of folklore teachings offered to secondary students, folklore education should be prioritised in the adult education curriculum. Folklore research has been done from a variety of angles, primarily qualitative ones in the language and semantic domains. Despite this, several literature reviews noted that some folklore studies using other methodologies are still insufficient. Therefore, this concept paper outlines theoretical adaptation, which can be implemented in folklore studies particularly to develop a new module. The aspects of the discussions are based on theoretical andragogy literature reviews by Knowles (1996), and Vygotsky Social Constructivism (1978), which can be applied in folklore learning. As a suggestion, this theoretical discussion will serve as the foundation for literary studies in transition to digital reconstruction using Richey and Klien's (2007) Development and Design Research (DDR) to design and build a new innovative module, a model, guideline, a framework or even an instrument, particularly as an added value in teaching and facilitation in the field of the Malay literature education.

GAZI BURHANADDIN’S “DIVAN” AND ITS RESOURCES

The sources of the XIV century Azerbaijani poet Qazi Burhanaddin's creativity are diverse and rich. These resources are mainly: 1. Oral folklore 2. Written all-Turkic poetry 3. Religious sources, Quran motifs 4. Sufistic philosophy Oral folk literature is defined as the main and primary source for the poet's creativity. As we investigate, it becomes clear that the work of Yunus Amre, one of the representatives of Turkish-language poetry, had a serious impact on the worldview of the poet. The reason for this is primarily Yunus Emre's creativity, including It is shown that the Sufism poetry of XIII,XIV centuries became widespread. The influence of the poet by Nizami Ganjavi's poetry was also emphasized. As well as his excellent religious education and the demands of the time, the motifs of the Qur'an also acted as a source for the poet's creativity. The question of reflection of the Sufism philosophy, which became the object of controversy in the artist's poetry for a long time, was also clarified. As a result, it has been proved by facts that Sufism philosophy plays the role of a source for the poet's creativity.

“Let Me Tell You Some Stories, and You Will Record Them”: Dan Ben-Amos and the Study of Jewish Folklore and Ethnology

Abstract: Dan Ben-Amos (1934–2023) was associated with groundbreaking work beginning during the 1960s on concepts of context and performance and the paradigm shift in folkloristics with his groundbreaking essay “Toward a Definition of Folklore in Context.” His odyssey from Israel to the United States, including formative experiences as a youth absorbing ideas about social reality and Jewish folklore as counterculture, has a profound influence on an equally profound shift in the understanding of Jewish experience as well as on the globalization of folkloristics as a discipline. In addition to interpreting his culminating work of the Folktales of the Jews series of books, this essay shows the continuation of his legacy in other projects he initiated or envisioned.

«…Я всю жизнь ждал радикального изменения в образе моей жизни»: переписка академика И.И. Мещанинова с В.В. Виноградовым 1942–1958 гг.

The article is dedicated to the 140th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding Russian scientist, organizer of Soviet science, first academician-secretary of the Department of Literature and Language of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Hero of Socialist Labor I.I. Meshchaninov (1883–1967). It reflects little-known events in Russian linguistics of 1942–1958. The letters of the greatest linguists of the XX century — academician I.I. Meshchaninov and professor (later academician) V.V. Vinogradov are published for the first time. They set out the facts of the personal life of scientists and the activities of academic institutions during the evacuation and peacetime. The presented selection of epistolary materials tells about the work of V.V. Vinogradov in Tobolsk: an attempt to found there a Research institute for the study of languages, folklore, literature and history of the peoples of Siberia and I.I. Meshchaninov’s response to this idea, about a new book on lexis and phraseology, conveys the scientist’s anxiety about his wife’s Moscow apartment, etc. The prospects of V.V. Vinogradov’s relocation to other cities and his restoration in the staff of the Institute of Language and Thinking of the USSR Academy of Sciences are discussed. Judging by the events described, I.I. Meshchaninov took a lively part in the fate of a disgraced colleague and tried to help him overcome hardships. The letters of the 1950s describe events related to the preparation for the elections of academicians and corresponding members of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The epistolary also includes the names of many famous philologists whose destinies were somehow connected with the personality of I.I. Meshchaninov: S.P. Obnorsky, V.F. Shishmaryov, D.V. Bubrikh, A.V. Mirtov, etc. The published documents are of interest to historians of Soviet linguistics, linguoculturologists, sociolinguists. The letters reveal the rare circumstances of the work of research teams in a difficult time for the country, show linguists from an unusual side, report new biographical details, filling in the gaps in the historiography of the XX century. The article focuses the attention of modern researchers on the need to study archival data and introduce original materials into the theory and practice of general linguistics in order to recreate the annals of Russian science.

ШОТЛАНД ЖӘНЕ ҚАЗАҚ ТОПОНИМИКАЛЫҚ АҢЫЗДАРЫН САЛЫСТЫРМАЛЫ ЗЕРТТЕУ

This study compared place names of Scotland and Kazakhstan, and explored their etymology by means of analyzing their word structure, and by considering toponymic legends related to these particular toponyms. The data of the study are 42 place names (20 Scottish, and 22 Kazakh place names). Using a range of theories and methodologies from folklore studies, linguistics, history, and cultural anthropology, the article identifies common themes, motifs, and narrative structures present in the legends. The analysis reveals several themes that appear in both Scottish and Kazakh toponymic legends, including heroism, bravery and selflessness, remembrance, history and tradition, taboo, respect for ancestors and beliefs, and the idea of sacrifice. Comparative study of motifs in folklore helps understand the similarities and differences between cultures. The narrative structures of toponymic legends in Scotland and Kazakhstan tend to be short and exciting, highlighting the influence of various cultures and languages. Overall, the article provides observations into the societies and cultures in which these legends originated, as well as the ways in which these stories were passed down and preserved over time, and suggests a historical connection between Scotland and Kazakhstan.

DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATION OF FAIRYTALE DISCOURSE IN WORLD AND UZBEK FOLKLORE

In the article the classification of tales, the stages of studying fairy tales in world and Uzbek folklore are widely discussed. In addition, the article describes the main characteristics of fairy tales and their stages of development. This research considers the field of folklore as the main subject of its study. Further goal of the work is to study fairy tales on a large scale and to make a contribution to folklore studies. In the present article, the author deeply analyzed the classification of fairy tale discourse through examples.

Благопожелание чаю в современной калмыцкой лирике: фольклорный аспект

Introduction. The article examines the genre of tea well-wishes in contemporary Kalmyk lyric poetry through the prism of folklore tradition. The fact that the theme has been somewhat understudied from the latter perspective makes the work relevant enough. Goals. The article aims to investigate the folklore aspect in Kalmyk poets’ narratives addressing Kalmyk tea. Materials and methods. The paper analyzes related Kalmyk- and Russian-language poems by contemporary Kalmyk poets representing different generations. The study shall examine a number of folklore genres, such as tea well-wishes, proverbs, sayings, and three-part (ternary) poems. The main methods employed are historical-literary, historical-functional, comparative analysis ones, and that of descriptive poetics. Results. In modern Kalmyk lyric poetry, the mentioned genre is represented by a number of poems dealing with ethnic foods. These are texts in Kalmyk and Russian created by poets of different generations — elderly and young ones. In terms of genre, literary tea well-wishes — like the latter’s folklore analogues — largely tend to synthesize different patterns: these often resemble yöräls (well-wishes) and magtals (praises), sometimes — tea well-wishes proper (Kalm. цәәд тәвх йөрәл) and farewell well-wishes (Kalm. хаалhин йөрәл). Conclusions. Tea well-wishes authored by Kalmyk poets describe offerings to ancestors, deities, as well as treats to guests, which reveals the primacy and undeniable significance of tea in rituals, rites, and hospitality. In the folklore tradition, representative texts addressing Kalmyk tea have been created mainly by elderly and middle-aged poets fluent in mother tongue, familiar with oral folklore, customs, rituals, and beliefs of ancestors.

Благопожелание чаю в современной калмыцкой лирике: фольклорный аспект

Introduction. The article examines the genre of tea well-wishes in contemporary Kalmyk lyric poetry through the prism of folklore tradition. The fact that the theme has been somewhat understudied from the latter perspective makes the work relevant enough. Goals. The article aims to investigate the folklore aspect in Kalmyk poets’ narratives addressing Kalmyk tea. Materials and methods. The paper analyzes related Kalmyk- and Russian-language poems by contemporary Kalmyk poets representing different generations. The study shall examine a number of folklore genres, such as tea well-wishes, proverbs, sayings, and three-part (ternary) poems. The main methods employed are historical-literary, historical-functional, comparative analysis ones, and that of descriptive poetics. Results. In modern Kalmyk lyric poetry, the mentioned genre is represented by a number of poems dealing with ethnic foods. These are texts in Kalmyk and Russian created by poets of different generations — elderly and young ones. In terms of genre, literary tea well-wishes — like the latter’s folklore analogues — largely tend to synthesize different patterns: these often resemble yöräls (well-wishes) and magtals (praises), sometimes — tea well-wishes proper (Kalm. цәәд тәвх йөрәл) and farewell well-wishes (Kalm. хаалhин йөрәл). Conclusions. Tea well-wishes authored by Kalmyk poets describe offerings to ancestors, deities, as well as treats to guests, which reveals the primacy and undeniable significance of tea in rituals, rites, and hospitality. In the folklore tradition, representative texts addressing Kalmyk tea have been created mainly by elderly and middle-aged poets fluent in mother tongue, familiar with oral folklore, customs, rituals, and beliefs of ancestors.

Cultural Conservation of Wong Kejawen Religion (Folklore Study of the Kejawen Community in Sidorejo Village, Batang Regency)

The Kejawen tradition in Sidorejo is one of the cultural icons in Batang Regency. The Balekambang site is one proof of the existence of Javanese culture in Sidorejo. Various traditions are also passed down by the Kejawen people to future generations for their culture. This research was made to examine the cultural conservation carried out by the Kejawen people in Sidorejo through folklore studies. The research method used is qualitative with an ethnographic study approach. Data triangulation was used with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The results showed that the Javanese people still follow the ancestral tradition. Balekambang site and the tradition of bathing by burning offerings as a form of cultural conservation carried out by the brand. Meanwhile, the surrounding community in Sidorejo Village does not question the existence of a tradition that is preserved by the kejawen people so that it shows an attitude of tolerance, concern, and can preserve the conservation value of the kejawen people.

Folklore Study: The Folk Language of Karo

Folklore is a part of culture that is passed down through generations among specific groups. Folklore is generally spread orally and has identifying characteristics such as traditional dissemination, variations in different versions, and anonymous authorship. Folklore takes various forms, including oral folklore, partly oral folklore, and non-oral folklore. The Karo language's oral folklore has specific dialects and distinctive features such as slang, jargon, colloquialism, and unique naming conventions. Keywords: folklore, types of folklore, characteristics of folklore, Karo language

From the Soviet Folksong Research: Between Free Choice and Obligation

The history of the Soviet folkloristics has been underresearched until now. Usually, attention in centered only on the main directions and results of the works carried out during that period. In these folksong studies, these include creating classification system for folksong genres, as well as editing and publishing so-called fundamental sources of folklore – the multivolume collection of the “Book of Lithuanian Folk Songs”. So far, the generation of the Soviet-period folklorists or research activities of its representatives, especially the options and alternatives that were available to them, have hardly been discussed, if at all. The 100th anniversary of Pranė Jokimaitienė, which was celebrated last year, encouraged to take a look at her folklore studies precisely in the context of the Soviet ideological demands, which were relevant to this sphere of research. However, her case is rather exceptional, since the biography of this scholar, who grew up during the interwar period in the independent Lithuania, was for various reasons completely inappropriate to the Soviet regime. Therefore, a fresh look at the folklore studies by P. Jokimaitienė written during the Soviet-period, and observations in the field of possible ideological tensions that can be discerned in them enables to identify a very strong person who, while moderately using the “inner censor” tool that was common in the public discourse, at the same time managed to resist any moral compromises.
 The interpretation of research works by P. Jokimaitienė proposed in the article allows us to draw a conclusion that, while following the unified Soviet program for folklore research, she never did anything superficially – both investigating the folksong composition as a social or artistic discourse and writing popular texts on folklore. Most of her arguments are well documented and constructive, while her notion of folksongs is based on philological assumptions and still relevant to the Lithuanian folkloristics today.

Approaches to the Lithuanian Folk Ballad in the Second Half of the 20th Century

This historiographic survey strives to demonstrate the considerable attention that the Lithuanian folk-ballads received in the second half of the 20th century. The historiographic material is presented systematically, while employing contextual data as well. Thus, Jonas Balys continued in emigration his interwar research of the ballads; in 1954 he published the catalogue of the “Lithuanian Narrative Folksongs”, and continued to keenly follow latest developments in Lithuania and review folklore studies. In Germany, Erich Seemann published in 1951 his research on the connections between the German and the Lithuanian folksongs, where he also discussed migration of ballads. On this side of the Iron Curtain, Pranė Jokimaitienė reflected on the works by Balys and other colleagues. In the monographs published during the Soviet-period, ballads were to some extent touched upon by Danutė Krištopaitė (1965), Jadvyga Čiurlionytė (1966), and Donatas Sauka (1970). In 1966, Vladimir Toporov published an article on the structure of the Lithuanian ballads. In 1968, a comprehensive study by Jokimaitienė was published, establishing in our folkloristics the canonic paradigm of ballad research, which has remained valid till the present day. The author of this article seeks to reveal the various ways of the paradigm of ballad research becoming entrenched in Lithuanian folkloristics during that time. The mosaic of approaches to Lithuanian ballads shows the prevalence of the above-mentioned paradigm as a process which several folklore researchers were engaged with. Insights and studies from that period have remained relevant to the contemporary ballad researchers.

The Contribution of Nice Fracile to the Study of the Musical Folklore of Vojvodina

"The immediate motive to produce this study is the marking of significant anniversaries in the field of ethnomusicology, both in the personal life of famous ethnomusicologist Nice Fracile and in the activities of the Academy of Arts of the University of Novi Sad. By reviewing the moments from the life and professional experience of this ethnomusicologist, an insight and a guide is offered into the possibilities of creativity and advancement of an individual, who has made a significant scientific contribution to local, regional and world ethnomusicology by studying the musical tradition of his community, and later the wider area as well. Keywords: Ethnomusicology, musical folklore, Nice Fracile, Vojvodina."

THE INFLUENCE OF FOLKLORE COMPETENCE FORMATION ON THE PROCESS OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE CULTURAL STUDIES SPECIALISTS

Folklore studies is a branch of science that studies folklore, i.e. oral traditions, customs, songs, fairy tales, proverbs, legends and other forms of folk art. Competence in folklore studies involves the skills and knowledge necessary to understand, analyze and interpret folklore.

Песенный фольклор народов Дагестана как проблема научно-исследовательского знания

The subject of the article is a review of scientific publications by musicologists and folklore scholars concerning the musical creativity of the Dagestani peoples, as well as the history of the study of song folklore. The research methods are: theoretical analysis of scientific literature, system (complex) method, including description, com-parison, analysis and generalization. It is deemed that the accumulation and publication of works in the field of song folklore of the Dagestani peoples constituted a vast field of research activity of national composers, musi-cologists, folklorists. They have carried out a comprehensive study of folk art, developed a concept of local and all-Dagestan peculiarities of its main types and genres, analyzed epic, historical, heroic, lyrical, labor, and ritual songs. The article describes historical sources of song folklore of the Dagestani peoples, its melodic organiza-tion, traditions of performing interpretation, intra-tonality of tunes, peculiarities of instrumental accompaniment of folk songs. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that with all the genre, thematic, instrumental variety of ethnic groups works living in the republic, Dagestani folklore can still be considered as a single formation, the constit-uent parts of which are characterized by similar features.