Focal Areas Research Articles

The Impact of Heat Exposure on the Health and Performance of Soccer Players: A Narrative Review and Bibliometric Analysis

The impact of heat exposure on the health and performance of soccer players is a widely discussed topic. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the international literature that has addressed this issue. To achieve this objective, we initially conducted a bibliometric analysis and a literature review of the main topics that emerged through bibliometric techniques. For the bibliometric analysis, we employed VOSviewer software (version 1.6.20.0) and used documents found in the Scopus database. The analysis ultimately included 133 documents published in 66 sources. Key journals and authors were identified, highlighting significant contributions to the field. Science mapping revealed collaboration networks and research focus areas such as physical health, safety, soccer performance, dehydration and hydration, physiological mechanisms and monitoring, nutrition, fluid intake, and cooling techniques. Based on the key areas highlighted in the identified clusters, which emerged from the co-occurrence analysis of the author keywords, the following three topics were developed in the literature review: (a) the physiology and health of football players; (b) performance impacts; and (c) strategies to prevent negative consequences. The review showed that high heat exposure can reduce the physical and cognitive performance of athletes and prove detrimental to their health. To mitigate the negative consequences, appropriate hydration strategies, heat acclimatization, and cooling techniques have been proposed. Our findings provide the international scientific community with comprehensive knowledge of the existing literature, laying the foundation for future research while simultaneously offering coaches and athletes the necessary theoretical knowledge to help improve safety and performance.

What kind of education research was funded by the government in China? A decade-long investigation (2010–2020)

PurposeThe key purpose of this study is to systematically examine the landscape of education research funded by the National Plan of Educational Research Funding (NPERF) in China. The study aims to: (1) identify the thematic focus areas that reflect the national education agenda, (2) analyze the general funding patterns of education research projects and (3) gain insights into the distinctive nature of the research agenda in China. The study employs a rigorous data-driven approach to offer valuable insights into the dynamic discourses within the field of education research in China, which has received relatively little attention despite its potential significance.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, we utilized word co-occurrence analysis and corpus-based frequency analysis to analyze the research projects funded by the National Plan of Educational Research Funding (NPERF) from 2011 to 2020.FindingsThe key characteristics of these projects highlight the focus on higher education research, addressing the interests of specific cohorts of students, teachers and disadvantaged populations. Furthermore, these projects demonstrate a remarkable responsiveness to the policy needs of the country and a robust inclination toward an international comparative framework.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings offer valuable insights into the landscape and features of funded education research in China, revealing a strong emphasis on addressing practical needs and enhancing the capacity of the education system in the country.Originality/valueThis paper presents a systematic examination of the topics covered in funded research under the National Plan of Educational Research Funding (NPERF) scheme from 2011 to 2020. It contributes to the advancement of understanding regarding knowledge traditions and practices in the Chinese context. Methodologically, this paper is the first in the literature to be prototyped with a word co-occurrence analysis approach to systematically investigate the funded education research in China. Additionally, it includes the development of a comprehensive corpus list to uncover the key characteristics of the funded projects. The analysis provides unique insights into the priorities and directions of education research supported by the Chinese government, which are of potential interest to international readers.

The Platformisation of Cancel Culture

Cancel culture claims, narratives and practices now play out in predominantly platformed spaces, spanning from progressive publics and accountability practices to reactionary/anti-woke/far right publics. We argue that platform affordances, architectures and cultures serve as a nodal point to bring together a disparate set of practices, discourses and ideological positions to facilitate polarized, reactionary, and or strategic networked publics in the context of digital politics and the (re)emergence of culture wars. Papers within this special issue speak to our argument in varying ways. They explore the mechanisms, sentiments, tolerances, and practices in local and global contexts. They consider how certain practices manifesting as social justice interventions apply to negatively impact marginalized groups, theorize the role of and power of platforms in propelling cancelations, and track the rituals associated with cancel culture on platforms. In doing so we encompass perspectives and case studies from the global majority to inform what has to date been a largely Western area of focus and scholarship.

EP142 - "Unravelling the Enigma: Navigating the Diagnostic Dilemma of Abdominal Toxoplasmosis"

Abstract Introduction Abdominal toxoplasmosis, an infrequent yet medically significant manifestation of Toxoplasma infection, primarily caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Although toxoplasmosis can affect various organs, its occurrence in the abdominal region introduces unique diagnostic complexities, presenting symptoms such as abdominal pain, gastrointestinal disruptions, and systemic complications. Case Report In a notable case, a middle-aged patient presented with perplexing gastrointestinal symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and irregular bowel habits. With a history of anaemia and thrombocytopenia necessitating transfusions and yielding inconclusive bone marrow biopsies, the patient underwent OGD and colonoscopy with biopsies during initial management, revealing a hiatus hernia and diverticulosis that did not explain the symptoms. Despite being discharged pending biopsy results, subsequent normal findings failed to clarify. Upon readmission with persistent gastrointestinal complaints, a CTAP revealed two suspicious neoplastic focal areas of small bowel wall thickening and enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes. The MDT discussions ensued to rule out malignancy, leading to a follow-up PET scan suggesting nodal disease, raising concerns about lymphoma, small bowel adenocarcinoma, or carcinoid tumour and recommended an ultrasound-guided lymph node biopsy, 5 HIAA if asymptomatic, and diagnostic laparoscopy if symptomatic or obstructed. Subsequent core biopsy of a neck lymph node unveiled appearances consistent with toxoplasmosis, prompting treatment with anti-parasitic drugs. The patient awaits capsule endoscopy, and a follow-up CT scan displayed a reduction in bowel lesions and lymph nodes. Conclusion This case highlights the swift and precise identification of toxoplasmosis, resulting in an optimal patient outcome. The clinical manifestations of toxoplasmosis are diverse and lack distinct characteristics, making it challenging to definitively diagnose, particularly in immunocompetent individuals.

Regulatory Compliance and Risk Management in Pharmaceuticals and Healthcare

Purpose: This study aims to examine the evolving regulatory landscape and its impact on compliance and risk management within the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries. It seeks to identify effective strategies for maintaining data integrity and traceability in accelerated pharmaceutical development (APD), and to understand how these strategies improve patient care and healthcare system responsiveness. Methodology: The research involves a comprehensive review of current regulations, emerging trends, and industry practices. It utilizes an analysis of regulatory updates, risk management frameworks, and case studies to illustrate successful compliance strategies and the challenges faced by organizations. Findings: The study highlights key regulatory requirements, identifies common risks and mitigation strategies, and provides insights into effective practices for ensuring data integrity and traceability. It demonstrates that robust compliance and risk management practices contribute to enhanced patient outcomes and improved healthcare system efficiency. Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy, and Practice: This research offers a detailed examination of the intersection between regulatory compliance and risk management, providing a valuable framework for understanding and addressing the complexities of the pharmaceutical and healthcare sectors. It contributes to theory by integrating recent regulatory changes with practical risk management approaches, informs policy by highlighting critical areas for regulatory focus, and offers actionable recommendations for industry practitioners to optimize compliance and data management processes.

Pathological and oxidative stress responses of Mytilus galloprovincialis to Vibrio mediterranei infection: An in vivo challenge

Since the identification of Vibrio mediterranei as a causative agent in mass mortalities of pen shells across the Mediterranean, elucidating its pathogenicity, virulence, and interactions with other bivalves has gained importance. While the cellular and immune responses of bivalves to various Vibrio species have been extensively studied, the infectious characteristics of this Vibrio species, particularly in the context of pen shell outbreaks, remain unclear for other bivalves. Therefore, to evaluate its pathogenicity, we investigated the histological and oxidative effects on the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis), a key species in aquaculture. Two distinct infection setups were established: one involving the inoculation of seawater with the bacterial isolate and another involving direct injection of the bacteria into the mussels. After a 24-h exposure period, histological evaluations were conducted on the mantle, gill, and digestive gland tissues of the mussels. Additionally, measurements of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and lipid peroxidation levels were performed in the gill and digestive gland tissues. Oxidative responses were significantly elevated in both infection setups compared to the control group, with the directly injected samples exhibiting the highest oxidative responses (p < 0.05). Histological findings indicated that tissue-specific responses to host-pathogen interactions were consistent under both infection conditions. Notable observations included intense hemocytic infiltration in tissues, epithelial hyperplasia, and vacuolization in the gills, as well as focal necrotic areas in the digestive gland. The findings of this study indicate that V. mediterranei, a relatively novel pathogen, can provoke significant acute immune responses and tissue-level reactions in M. galloprovincialis, a species that is both widely distributed and vital to the food chain. These insights into the potential susceptibility of mussels underscore the need for further comprehensive research and inform the development of effective management strategies.

Diversity, functional redundancy, and vulnerability of reef fish communities of the Saudi Arabian coast, in the northern Red Sea

In light of the current development of several giga-projects along the Saudi Red Sea coast, understanding the health status of coral reefs is paramount to developing baselines and management strategies to minimize the human impact on these ecosystems. Here, we present an assessment of the diversity, functional redundancy, and vulnerability for coral reef fish communities in the northern Red Sea. The focus area of our study falls within the marine jurisdiction of the NEOM giga-project. We performed fish surveys with three different methods aiming to cover a wide set of habitats and thus capture a comprehensive picture of the regional diversity: i) standardized belt transects, ii) roving diviersity surveys, and iii) collection of cryptobenthic fish. Our results showed a highly variable community composition along the ten surveyed sites highlighting Sindalah as an essential site for piscivore species, Al Muwaileh as an important site for herbivores, and Sanafir-Tiran as the most diverse site. Functional diversity analysis revealed similar levels of redundancy, over-redundancy, and vulnerability among sites. Functional richness, evenness, and divergence did not vary substantially between sites and, in general, indicated that the fish communities in the selected sites present mid to low levels of functional diversity. We further compare regional-scale and site-specific functional assessments. Notably, some of the species groups that are functionally redundant at the regional scale represented vulnerable functions at the site level. These results call to attention the need to create site-specific conservation strategies and not to solely rely on regional diviersity assessments as the basis for management decisions.

Experiences and Lessons Learned From Surging the Governmental Public Health Workforce During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the United States relied on the public health workforce to control the spread of COVID-19 while continuing to provide foundational public health services. Facing longstanding staffing shortages, state, tribal, local, and territorial (STLT) public health agencies (PHAs) used various strategies and supports to surge the workforce in response to the pandemic. The study explored (1) the types of strategies and supports STLT PHAs used to surge the public health workforce during the pandemic, (2) assessments of surge strategies and supports, and (3) approaches to using the range of surge strategies available. We conducted 27 semi-structured interviews in 2023 and performed thematic analysis. Interviewees included STLT public health officials, leaders of organizations that directly supported the COVID-19 workforce surge, and public health workforce experts indirectly involved in the workforce surge. To surge the workforce, interviewees relied on partnerships, staffing agencies, the National Guard, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Foundation's COVID-19 Corps, the Medical Reserve Corps, and other strategies. Interviewees valued strategies that rapidly engaged staff and volunteers at no cost to their PHA and flexible funding from the federal government to support surge efforts but noted shortcomings in the strategies and supports available. Interviewees described using multiple strategies simultaneously but noted challenges in implementing these strategies due to inadequate planning and insufficient staff and resources. The study underscores the need for STLT PHAs to establish mechanisms to surge the workforce as part of ongoing planning for emergency preparedness. Focus areas include building administrative and hiring capacity within STLT PHAs and sustaining partnerships and contractual agreements that helped fill staffing gaps during the pandemic. To support efforts to build workforce capacity to meet future surge management needs, STLT PHAs should consider creative solutions to attract and retain staff, as well as opportunities to engage students in public health work.

Sustainable Urban Planning: A Comparative Study of Green City Initiatives Around the Worldqq

Sustainable urban planning has become increasingly imperative in addressing environmental challenges and promoting resilient, livable cities globally. a comparative study of green city initiatives across different regions, examining strategies, successes, and challenges in integrating sustainability principles into urban development. Key focus areas include sustainable infrastructure, green spaces, energy efficiency, waste management, and community engagement. By analyzing case studies and current practices, this study aims to identify best practices and lessons learned from leading green cities, highlighting innovative approaches that enhance urban sustainability and quality of life for residents. Ultimately, the research underscores the importance of holistic planning approaches and collaborative governance in achieving sustainable urban futures amidst urbanization pressures and climate change impacts.

Advancing thermoelectric potential: strontium telluride under compression strain analyzed with HSE hybrid functional and Wannier interpolation

In the present era, the energy sector is undergoing an intense transformation, which encourages numerous research efforts aimed at reducing and reusing energy waste. One of the main areas of focus is thermoelectric energy, where telluride compounds have attracted researchers due to their remarkable ability to convert thermal energy into electrical energy. We focused this study on finding out how well strontium telluride (SrTe) can be used to generate thermoelectric power by testing it under up to 10% compression strain. We have used advanced computational approaches to increase the accuracy of our results, specifically the HSE hybrid functional with the Wannier interpolation method. This method is primarily employed to analyze electronic properties; however, our research extends its utility to investigate thermoelectric characteristics. Our findings provide accurate predictions for both electronic and thermoelectric properties. The above method has successfully achieved a significant improvement of 58% in the electronic band gap value, resulting in a value of 2.83 eV, which closely matches the experimental results. Furthermore, the Figure of Merit 0.95 is obtained, which is close to the ideal range. Both the band gap value and the thermoelectric figure of merit decrease when the compression strain is increased. These findings emphasize the importance of using SrTe under specific conditions. The findings of this work provide motivation for future researchers to investigate the environmental changes in the thermoelectric potential of SrTe.

Strategic insights from a Delphi study: enhancing employment for multiply marginalized people with disabilities.

The employment landscape for multiply marginalized people with disabilities presents significant challenges, exacerbated by intersecting identities such as race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender identity, poverty, and geography. Recent studies highlight the compounded employment disparities faced by this group, including discriminatory hiring practices, inadequate accommodations, and uneven gains in employment during the COVID-19 public health emergency. Our study employed a three-round Delphi process with 20 diverse experts across 14 states across the United States (U.S.) to formulate recommendations for improving employment experiences for multiply marginalized people with disabilities. The panel's insights were gathered through surveys administered online, with each round designed to refine the collective recommendations. This iterative process aimed to build a consensus on the most effective policy and practice recommendations for improving employment outcomes within this population. The Delphi study identified key areas for strategic focus, including emergency preparedness, education and training, transportation, assistive technology, workplace accommodations, and combating discrimination and stigma. Notable recommendations included improving emergency preparedness training, enhancing employment education, increasing funding for accessible transportation and assistive technology, and promoting inclusive hiring practices. The study also emphasized the need for policies supporting telework and simplifying disability-related benefits. The findings highlight the critical role of tailored strategies to address employment challenges faced by people with disabilities from marginalized communities. Meaningfully and fully implementing these recommendations would create a more inclusive environment that improves employment outcomes for multiply marginalized people with disabilities.

Performance evaluation of integrated Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket reactor with trickling filter used for municipal wastewater treatment and effluent reuse potential for agriculture

Effluent reuse is a rapidly growing field of research where assessing the quality of effluent is one of the focus areas. This research examines the viability of using wastewater in agriculture by testing an integrated Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor with a trickling filter (TF) system during the dry season. Compliance monitoring was conducted for 30 days from May 11 to June 9 of 2021. Samples were collected, handled, and analyzed following standard wastewater analysis procedures for biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), volatile suspended solids (VSS), cations, anions, heavy metals, E. coli, and helminth egg. The UASB-TF system in Kality wastewater treatment performed well in removing COD, BOD5, and TSS with average removal rates of 80.5%, 82.9%, and 80.9%, respectively, compared well with similar treatment configurations. The effluent quality satisfied the national inland discharge limit with a residual concentration of 125.1 mg/L for COD, 61.7 mg/L for BOD5 and 85.8 mg/L for TSS. On the other hand, high concentrations of chromium, nitrate-nitrogen, and helminth egg count restricted effluent reuse for agricultural purposes due to high health risks and environmental contamination. We found out that discharging industrial sewage into the domestic sewer network could inhibit microbial growth and affect the biological treatment processes. Furthermore, adopting integrated treatment systems in developing countries might face operational challenges and monitoring nitrate, helminth egg, and heavy metals would help provide timely operational feedback. An appropriate tertiary treatment unit—constructed wetlands or polishing ponds—is therefore needed to be introduced to ensure effluent reuse for agricultural purposes.

Concurrent ependymal and ganglionic differentiation in a subset of supratentorial neuroepithelial tumors with EWSR1-PLAGL1 rearrangement

Neuroepithelial tumors with fusion of PLAGL1 or amplification of PLAGL1/PLAGL2 have recently been described often with ependymoma-like or embryonal histology respectively. To further evaluate emerging entities with PLAG-family genetic alterations, the histologic, molecular, clinical, and imaging features are described for 8 clinical cases encountered at St. Jude (EWSR1-PLAGL1 fusion n = 6; PLAGL1 amplification n = 1; PLAGL2 amplification n = 1). A histologic feature observed on initial resection in a subset (4/6) of supratentorial neuroepithelial tumors with EWSR1-PLAGL1 rearrangement was the presence of concurrent ependymal and ganglionic differentiation. This ranged from prominent clusters of ganglion cells within ependymoma/subependymoma-like areas, to interspersed ganglion cells of low to moderate frequency among otherwise ependymal-like histology, or focal areas with a ganglion cell component. When present, the combination of ependymal-like and ganglionic features within a supratentorial neuroepithelial tumor may raise consideration for an EWSR1-PLAGL1 fusion, and prompt initiation of appropriate molecular testing such as RNA sequencing and methylation profiling. One of the EWSR1-PLAGL1 fusion cases showed subclonal INI1 loss in a region containing small clusters of rhabdoid/embryonal cells, and developed a prominent ganglion cell component on recurrence. As such, EWSR1-PLAGL1 neuroepithelial tumors are a tumor type in which acquired inactivation of SMARCB1 and development of AT/RT features may occur and lead to clinical progression. In contrast, the PLAGL2 and PLAGL1 amplified cases showed either embryonal histology or contained an embryonal component with a significant degree of desmin staining, which could also serve to raise consideration for a PLAG entity when present. Continued compilation of associated clinical data and histopathologic findings will be critical for understanding emerging entities with PLAG-family genetic alterations.

Survey of source code vulnerability analysis based on deep learning

Amidst the rapid development of the software industry and the burgeoning open-source culture, vulnerability detection within the software security domain has emerged as an ever-expanding area of focus. In recent years, the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, particularly the notable progress in deep learning for pattern recognition and natural language processing, has catalyzed a surge in research endeavors exploring the integration of deep learning for the enhancement of vulnerability detection techniques. In this paper, we investigate contemporary deep learning-based source code analysis methods, with a concentrated emphasis on those pertaining to static code vulnerability detection. We categorize these methods based on various representations of source code employed during the preprocessing stage, including token-based and graph-based representations of source code, and further subdivided based on the types of deep learning algorithms or graph representations employed. We summarize the basic processes of model training and vulnerability detection under these different representation formats. Furthermore, we explore the limitations inherent in current approaches and provide insights into future trends and challenges for research in this field.

Scorecard Approach to Eliminate Onchocerciasis in Venezuela.

In the Americas, onchocerciasis has been eliminated in 11 of 13 endemic foci by mass administration of ivermectin. The remaining at-risk population resides in a contiguous cross-border transmission zone located in the Amazon jungle in northwest Brazil and southern Venezuela, known as the Yanomami Focus Area. Here, we describe the development and implementation of a data-driven tool, called the Scorecard Approach (SCA), for the 393 communities that comprise the Venezuela South Focus. The SCA was first applied in 2018 and is reassessed on an annual basis. This operational strategy seeks to prioritize communities with low ivermectin coverage while taking into account the nature and variation of other epidemiological and logistical variables. Numeric scores are assigned for each factor and added together to yield a composite score for each community that is categorized as high, medium, or low priority. In this way, the SCA serves as a valuable and comprehensive strategy for planning, monitoring, and maximizing programmatic efficiency. In addition, it has allowed the country to face the main challenges of this endemic area: its remoteness, its large areas of territory to cover, the semi-nomadic nature of the Yanomami people, and their continuous cross-border movements. For 2022, the SCA categorized 54 (13.7%), 108 (27.5%), and 231 (58.8%) communities as high, medium, and low priority, respectively. The results presented here show that prioritizing communities at risk and with greatest needs increases the feasibility of interrupting the transmission of onchocerciasis by 2025 in the last endemic focus in the Americas.

Unsupervised end-to-end multiscale neural network for multi-focus MicroLED image fusion

MicroLED has a broad application prospect in visible light communication, medical detection, and other fields, owing to its small size, high integration, and long service life. However, capturing a full-focus image during microscopic visual inspection of MicroLED is challenging due to the significant thickness of the chip. To address this problem, an end-to-end neural network named MMLFuse is proposed for MicroLED image fusion, which uses unsupervised learning to directly generate fused images from two original images. Firstly, we introduce the Spatial Pyramid Pooling Mixing (SPPM) module for rapid extraction of partially focused image features. The extracted features are then used to obtain a weight map, which is further refined using a moving window smoothing technique. This refined weight map is employed for feature fusion, and the fused image is reconstructed based on the fused features. Specifically, the network uses a two-stage training strategy with different loss functions for each stage to improve the convergence speed of the model and the quality of the fused image. In particular, mask loss is designed in the second stage to ensure that the network pays more attention to the focus area during training to accurately match the corresponding input image. Experimental results demonstrate that MMLFuse achieves superior performance on the MicroLED dataset compared to other classical methods, highlighting its effectiveness and potential in the field.

The Urban Heritage of the Diósgyőr–Vasgyár Ironworker’s Colony

The following research was conducted mainly with the motive for creating an urban heritage proposal in Hungary, in the city of Miskolc. The area of focus was the former ironworker’s colony of the Diósgyőr-Vasgyár region. The historical urban development of the ironworker’s colony is examined here. Emphasis is given to to the preservation of the unique architectural styles and urban fabric of the colony. Additionally, an assessment is undertaken about the colony's building conditions and a plan was created for strategic preservation. It is to be combined with adaptive interior building modifications for the purpose of improving living standards for occupants. The research also takes into account meeting modern-day living needs in the space of historical urban heritage preservation.The urban heritage legislation of Hungary that is relevant to this research has also been outlined here. The ultimate objective is to simultaneously preserve the colony's historical prestige and satisfy contemporary needs thus making this research a very useful guide for situations involving urban heritage conservation within evolving urban settlements.

Trends and Collaborations in Livestock Extension Research: A Bibliometric Analysis (2015-2024)

This study employs bibliometric analysis to investigate trends in livestock extension research from January 2015 to June 2024, utilizing data sourced from the dimension.ai database. The analysis encompasses a comprehensive review of publication trends, research categories, influential journals, collaborative networks among authors, and the impact of seminal studies. The findings reveal a notable increase of 51.55 per cent in scholarly interest and publications over the years, indicating growing attention towards enhancing livestock productivity, sustainability, and socio-economic outcomes. Key research domains such as agricultural, veterinary, and food sciences emerge as predominant areas of focus, with significant contributions observed in interdisciplinary fields like environmental sciences and human geography. Network analyses using tools like VOSviewer highlight robust collaborative relationships among researchers, identifying central figures and clusters that drive collaborative research efforts in livestock extension. The study also identified “Climate change vulnerability, adaptation and risk perceptions at farm level in Punjab, Pakistan” published in 2016, with nearly 294 citations as top-cited article and other affiliations, emphasizing their pivotal roles in advancing knowledge and practices within the field. Overall, this bibliometric analysis provides valuable insights into the evolving landscape of livestock extension research, demonstrating how such analytical approaches contribute to understanding research trends, fostering interdisciplinary collaborations, and guiding future research directions in agricultural sciences.

Challenges in Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review of Current Controversies.

Liver transplantation (LT) remains one of the most effective treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and significantly enhances patient survival. However, the application of LT for HCC faces challenges owing to advancements in cancer-specific treatment modalities and the increased burden of patients' comorbidities. This narrative review explores current controversies and advancements in LT for HCC. Key areas of focus include the management of comorbidities and patient education by advanced practice nurses, impacts of frailty on waitlists and post-LT outcomes, selection criteria for LT in the era of new downstaging tools, role of radiology in patient selection, and implications of potential immunotherapy use both before and after LT. Additionally, the importance of immunosuppression management with strategies aimed at minimizing rejection while considering the risk of HCC recurrence and the role of surveillance for HCC recurrence is highlighted. This review also underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for optimizing outcomes in patients with HCC undergoing LT.

Optimizing Prussian Blue Analogues for Potassium‐Ion Batteries: Advanced Strategies

Potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs), with the merits of abundant resources and low cost, have rapidly garnered attention as a potential candidate for large‐scale energy storage. Among the various contenders, Prussian Blue analogues (PBAs) are considered the most suitable cathode materials owing to their relatively easy and economical synthesis as well as the open 3D framework which facilitates fast potassium ions intercalation without causing drastic volume expansion. Despite these advantages, integrating PBA as a cathode material for PIBs presents substantial challenges, which hinder their further practical applications. Herein, a fundamental review on the development and advance of PBAs in PIBs is presented with the elucidation of their synthesis methods, structural characteristics, and optimization strategies. Particularly, key areas of focus include regulating crystal structures, doping transition metals, engineering interfaces, and employing innovative techniques such as high‐entropy approaches are highlighted. Finally, critical perspectives for future development of PBAs toward practical potassium‐based energy storage devices are proposed.