The capability of people to engage in meaningful activities declines with the progression of major neurocognitive disorders. Cognitive strategies can help them pursue such activities, thus maintaining their dignity. They build on procedural memory and implicit retrieval, both preserves abilities, to automate the correct action sequences during learning, with repetition and while providing cues. However, few studies have implemented cognitive strategies especially in seniors' residences. Thus, the feasibility of their implementation remains unknown. This study aims to document the facilitators and barriers to the implementation of cognitive strategies with people living with neurocognitive disorders housed in a private seniors' residence. This participatory action research included training and coaching to allow care staff to integrate personalized cognitive strategies with nine residents. Qualitative interviews with 20 care staff and a focus group with 2 managers were conducted. Key facilitators identified included personalized approach rooted in life history, team awareness and engagement, alignment with organizational values, and a calm, home-like environment. Barriers included the rapid progression of neurocognitive disorder symptoms related to comorbidities, staff shortages and turnover, and disparities between organizational decisions and clinical practice. The results showed encouraging avenues to integrate cognitive strategies in long-term care settings when the care team is supported by adequate training and coaching.

Purpose This article examines the contexts, challenges, and notion of women's entrepreneurship through an indigenous cultural and gender framework. The aim is to provide indigenous voices to the diversity of entrepreneurship research from non-Western perspectives. This approach enables us to highlight the experiences of indigenous women entrepreneurs in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach This article uses a qualitative research approach to examine indigenous entrepreneurial practices. Data were collected through interviews with 15 Nigerian indigenous women entrepreneurs, who were purposively selected. In addition, focus groups were conducted to generate further data and validate participants' responses. Through thematic analysis, we developed an empirically derived framework for gender and indigenous entrepreneurship culture. Findings Inductive themes emerged from thematic analysis, revealing 7 Ms gender framework of indigenous women's entrepreneurship related to money, management, market, motherhood, meso-environment, macro-environment, and mobilisation of resources. Moreover, the findings reveal enabling elements of indigenous cultural entrepreneurship frameworks, such as the Ajo or Adeshe/Esusu traditional savings schemes, which promote “indigenous sources of capital,” and informal entrepreneurial learning that nurtures future entrepreneurial leaders. Research limitations/implications This study uses data from a single country, geographical area, and specific populations, which may limit the scope of the empirical findings. Future research could expand the parameters or combine qualitative and quantitative methods to provide a more in-depth analysis of different contexts and relationships. Originality/value Entrepreneurship research has been criticized for its non-inclusive theories, overreliance on Western philosophies, and failure to integrate indigenous knowledge from the Global South. This article makes an original contribution to knowledge by exploring the relationship among indigenous culture, gender, and entrepreneurship in a non-Western context.

ABSTRACT This article describes the findings of a research project exploring the importance of friendship for people with an experience of first-episode psychosis. Data collection methods included analysis of 46 surveys completed by service users with the Early Intervention in Psychosis service, two focus groups with Early Intervention staff, and one interview with an independent advocacy organization. The importance of friendship and the barriers and enablers to friendship are discussed using a socio-ecological framework. Implications for practice development include increasing a focus on friendship within assessment and support planning, enabling contexts for friendship, and education and outreach with the wider community.

Purpose This study aims to extend the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model by integrating connective action theory (CAT) to examine the factors that influence social media adoption in contexts where these platforms facilitate perceived crowd support and collective agency, potentially leading to the bypassing of official channels. Design/methodology/approach A semi-structured questionnaire was distributed to 642 university students in Malaysia. In designing the questionnaire, a systematic literature review, focus group discussions and a pilot test were conducted. The cross-tabulation technique and the partial least squares structural equation model were applied. Findings Despite general awareness, youth exhibit low engagement with e-government systems and prefer reporting issues via social media, revealing a gap in the UTAUT model. For digital natives, traditional UTAUT factors are insignificant; instead, transparency, technological trust and crowd support predict the behavioural intention to use e-government systems. This indicates a mismatch between institutional platforms, which are seen as opaque and cumbersome, and youth expectations for immediacy and visibility. Research limitations/implications The study’s sample is limited to university students, which restricts its generalisability to the broader youth population with diverse backgrounds and digital literacies. Furthermore, reliance on cross-sectional, self-reported survey data provides statistical relationships but lacks depth. Future research should include non-student youth, use longitudinal designs to track evolving attitudes, and adopt a mixed-methods approach to gain richer qualitative context and better understand user perceptions and behaviours. Practical implications Governance must transition to a “glass-box” model, featuring trackable complaint dashboards, automated feedback and amended data protection laws to include government bodies. To rebuild trust, conduct independent security audits and invest in reliable infrastructure. Platforms should integrate moderated social features – like public forums and issue upvoting – to foster communal engagement and meet the demand for visibility. Redefine success metrics from process to outcome-oriented (e.g. resolution time). Proactively engage youth by leveraging platforms like TikTok and Instagram for awareness, and enable official reporting through social media channels to integrate public discourse into structured systems. Originality/value This study uses CAT to reframe the non-adoption of e-government as a potential rational shift towards viral connective action on social media. This integrated framework provides a novel explanatory lens for understanding why institutional platforms struggle to compete with the logic of socially-mediated engagement. It further contributes practical design insights for developing more transparent, trusted and socially responsive e-government systems.

Delirium is a serious underrecognized health condition in hospitalized older adults. The current qualitative study used dimensional analysis to increase understanding of the clinical reasoning processes used by acute care nurses to assess for delirium. Ten focus groups with experienced medical, surgical, and intensive care nurses (N = 39) from quaternary, community, and academic medical centers discussed their application of clinical reasoning processes to assess/detect delirium symptoms. Transcripts were inductively analyzed. Trustworthiness was checked with a subset of participants (n = 12). Findings illustrate how nurses apply clinical reasoning to recognize and respond to delirium symptoms and navigate clinical and social structures to maintain patient safety. Clinical context and social structures are important conditions influencing nurse reasoning and judgment. Further process improvement and research efforts should explore strategies to enhance interdisciplinary shared knowledge within a supportive environment to improve the detection and care to lessen the severity and duration of delirium for vulnerable patients.

This study examines the experiences of faculty supervisors involved in training clinical psychologists to address cases of intimate partner and family violence (IPV). The aim is to generate practice-based knowledge that contributes to strengthening training processes and promoting ethical and effective supervision practices, enabling supervisors to respond to the needs of both the student and the clinical case. This qualitative study employed experience systematization as its methodological approach. Five focus groups were conducted with professors from various universities in Bogotá, Colombia, all with experience supervising IPV cases. The inquiry focused on their pedagogical practices and the clinical competencies they identified in students. Among these competencies, the ability to interrupt violent patterns, reduce their recurrence, work within interinstitutional networks, read relational contexts, and maintain reflective and collaborative attitudes stands out. Regarding pedagogical practices, findings show that, beyond therapeutic orientation, the use of individual and group supervision formats, co-therapy, and modelling are essential strategies for supervising IPV cases. The study concludes by highlighting the importance of fostering reflexivity and expanding theoretical frameworks to enhance the understanding and intervention of these cases.

The rapid expansion of digital technologies has significantly influenced the lives of children and youth, leading many to seek nutrition education through digital platforms. This study aims to assess the usability and acceptability of Ajyal Salima, a nutrition awareness digital platform targeting children aged 9-11, in four Arab countries. A qualitative study was led across four countries: Lebanon, Bahrain, Palestine, and Jordan. Semi-structured focus groups discussions (FGDs) were held separately with children (21 FGDs; n = 145) and parents (16 FGDs; n = 98), complemented by In Depth Interview (IDIs) with teachers (n = 19) and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) with program staff (n = 8). All interviews and focus groups lasted approximately 40 minutes. Data was analyzed thematically using NVivo software, resulting in four main themes. Four major themes emerged: platform's usability, content enjoyment, changes in children's habits and recommendations to improve the platform. Overall, parents and teachers found the digital experience positive and useful and the content appropriate for children, particularly younger age groups. Challenges included registration difficulties, technical problems, internet accessibility, low parental involvement, and difficulties integrating the platform into teachers' schedules. The platform's animations were less effective in sustaining children's attention amid evolving digital standards. To enhance the platform's effectiveness, recommendations include simplifying the registration process, enhancing content interactivity, aligning the platform with school curricula, and equipping teachers with supportive resources. Fostering stronger school-family partnerships and engaging parents through community initiatives may be considered to maximize the platform's potential to promote healthier eating habits and improve nutritional awareness among children and their families, across the region.

ABSTRACT This qualitative study investigates how service-learning experiences shape teacher candidates’ understanding of students, families, and communities from diverse backgrounds. Using semi-structured interviews and focus groups, this study explores how volunteer activities at a youth service organization in the same community foster opportunities to gain knowledge of their students’ lived experiences, aiding in the ability to employ responsive practices in the classroom. Findings show that this knowledge is connected in three primary ways: 1) overcoming misconceptions, 2) shifts in power dynamics, and 3) accessing and building non-school relationships. This study highlights the potential of service-learning to increase teacher candidates’ cultural competence, improve relationship building, and support responsive educational practices. Implications for teacher education programs and policies are also discussed.

Abstract Animal agriculture faces increasing moral and societal scrutiny. The GEroNIMO project aims to address challenges such as sustainability, welfare, and genetic diversity through genomic innovations. The ongoing debate about genome editing is mostly driven by experts from few disciplines with an emphasis on technical and science-based arguments resembling consequentialist reasoning without making systematic comparisons. To increase the range of arguments and stakeholders, we conducted eight focus groups ( n = 70) in Germany, the Netherlands, France, and Slovenia, representing rural and urban groups. Furthermore, we discussed alternative or complementary technologies to genome editing such as cultivated meat to both allow for systematic comparisons and to scrutinise the extent to which attitudes towards specific food technologies rely on general attitudes towards food technology. Guided by Critical Applied Ethics and Moral Foundation Theory, we identified underlying moral intuitions of the participants without uncritically adopting their arguments. Across all groups, benefits for animal welfare, fairness and transparency in economic motives, and trust in institutions emerged as key conditions for responsible use of genome editing in animal agriculture. While these concerns were broadly shared, participants from the Netherlands and Germany expressed relatively more openness towards technological food innovation, compared to those from France and Slovenia, within the scope of this qualitative study. Our findings highlight the need to understand the cultural and intuitive dimensions of moral reasoning for effective public engagement and responsible development of emerging food and breeding technologies. In particular, concerns rooted in feelings of disgust deserve deeper scrutiny rather than being addressed with harm-based arguments, which fail to address the moral roots of disgust.

Perinatal mental health (PMH) problems are common, in particular among perinatal women from migrant backgrounds. Despite global recommendations for universal screening, implementation remains inconsistent and inequitable. To better understand these inequities, this study aimed to explore healthcare providers' experiences and needs regarding screening and referral for perinatal depression and anxiety among women from migrant backgrounds in Flanders, Belgium. A qualitative study design was employed, conducting focus groups with primary care and community-based healthcare providers. Participants were recruited through a purposive sampling strategy using newsletters, social media, and email. Discussions were recorded, verbatim transcribed, and analysed using inductive framework analysis. To ensure credibility, a member check survey was conducted. Based on the analysis of five heterogeneous focus groups (n = 20 in total), four themes and seven subthemes were identified: (1) complexity of interactions between healthcare providers and migrant women: underscoring (a) the impact of cultural and language barriers and (b) the importance of a trusting relationship; (2) screening in its context: highlighting (c) the ambivalence around screening and (d) the impact of organisational and financial factors on implementation; (3) accessible referral: stressing (e) the importance of person-centred, culturally and linguistically appropriate services; and (4) PMH in its proper context: addressing (f) the role of stigma, taboo, PMH literacy, and understanding, and (g) the involvement of women's partner, family and broader network. These findings underscore the complexity of screening and referral practices among all (expectant) mothers, particularly among women from migrant communities, and simultaneously offer a foundation to develop and implement screening and referral protocols. Ideally, these protocols should be co-designed with perinatal service users to ensure equitable practices for all.

Abstract Gamification is a well-established strategy for increasing students’ motivation and engagement. With the aim of building a sense of community among incoming Chemistry undergraduates, we previously developed an interactive game, CHEMmunicate, where teams of students compete to draw organic structures using only yes/no questions. In addition to their social benefits, the sessions also had a positive influence on students’ learning of organic chemistry with “post-game discussions” of fundamental concepts in particular providing a useful tool for reinforcing and revising key material from the core lectures. In contrast to the rounds of CHEMmunicate, however, these informal, non-competitive discussions did not incorporate elements of gameplay and thus did not fully benefit from the well-established advantages of game-based learning. In this work, we have reimagined the “post-game discussion” element of the sessions, introducing competitive online quizzes alongside rounds of CHEMmunicate. Working in their teams, students compete to answer questions related to the molecules they have just drawn with points being awarded for giving the correct answers in the fastest time. Here, we provide information and tips for those interested in incorporating similar sessions into their own teaching practice. Moreover, through analysis of anonymous questionnaires and a focus group, insights into students’ experiences are discussed.

ABSTRACT Domestic, sexual and gender-based violence (DSGBV) encompasses physical, sexual and psychological violence. The pervasive nature and severe consequences of DSGBV, spanning physical injury, emotional trauma and psychological harm, have established it as a significant public health concern. In Ireland, DSGBV continues to represent a significant societal challenge. Ireland ratified the Istanbul Convention in 2019, incorporating its four pillars of prevention, protection, prosecution and coordinated policies into its third national strategy called Zero Tolerance. This qualitative study examines Ireland’s progress in aligning with the Convention, drawing on the perspectives of stakeholders across the DSGBV sector. Data were collected through four focus groups and analysed using reflective thematic analysis, with findings mapped against the Convention’s four pillars. While the study highlights notable advances, including legislative reform, expanded refuge spaces and enhanced victim services, substantial gaps remain. Challenges persist in public education, judicial processes, resource allocation, professional training, data integration and inter-agency coordination. Addressing these deficits is crucial to strengthening Ireland’s systemic response and ensuring the effective translation of policy into practice. The findings offer valuable sectoral insights, highlighting both the progress made and the critical areas that require further development to meet the Convention’s standards.

Drug users often face legal issues, but there is limited data in Nigeria. The study examined the relationship between drug use and crime among patients at an addiction treatment center in a neuropsychiatric hospital in Nigeria. The study adopted a mixture of retrospective and qualitative methods. The quantitative design involved retrieving the alcohol/drug and forensic records of 100 patients, who had received addiction treatment, using their Addiction Severity Index (ASI) filled out at admission. The qualitative aspect entailed conducting a focus group discussion (FDG) with 5 purposively selected participants on admission. While the ASI data were subjected to descriptive analysis, the FGD data were subjected to thematic analysis. It showed that patients used various substances and committed different types of crimes, but most weren't involved in serious crimes or legal proceedings. The focus group discussion revealed a possible link between drugs and crime, citing economic motivation, impaired self-control, and psychological impact as contributing factors. The study suggests that addressing this issue requires a holistic approach, including addiction treatment, economic support, and mental health care, beyond just law enforcement. The findings highlight the need for comprehensive interventions to tackle the complex relationship between drug use and crime.

Climate change has significantly disrupted the food systems and livelihoods of low-resource rural communities, particularly in Southern Zambia's Agroecological Region I. Agroecological Region I, receives mean annual rainfall of less than 800 mm with an increasing reliance on rain-fed agriculture. This study evaluates the vulnerability of food system livelihoods to climate change in Kazungula, Gwembe, Chirundu, and Siavonga districts using the LVI-IPCC framework outlined in the sixth assessment report (IPCC-AR6) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The LVI-IPCC for the respondents was formed by combining its three components; exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity from 195 rural households, who were selected using a stratified random sampling method. LVI was employed to identify the differential vulnerability of the four districts to climate change effects. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was employed, in which quantitative household survey data ( n = 195) were first used to construct the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) and LVI-IPCC metrics, followed by focus group discussions and key-informant interviews to contextualise and interpret observed vulnerability patterns. Results show that households across all districts perceived climate change primarily through erratic rainfall, droughts, rising temperatures, and shifting rainfall seasonality, with perceived climate risk intensity varying significantly by district due to differences in livelihood sensitivity and adaptive capacity rather than hazard exposure. With regards to vulnerability, Siavonga had the highest vulnerability (LVI-IPCC = 0.0711) due to high exposure and limited adaptive capacity, while Kazungula had the lowest vulnerability (0.022). Dependence on rain-fed crop production was the main factor affecting sensitivity across districts. Farmers perceived rising temperatures, erratic rainfall, and reduced yields, confirming the consistency between the measured and perceived risks. These findings indicate that the impacts of climate on food systems stem from interconnected biophysical and socioeconomic pressures. It is crucial to strengthen the adaptive capacity of smallholder farmers in this region through irrigation interventions, livelihood diversification, and integrating early warning systems and climate-information services. The study provides evidence to guide district-level adaptation planning and facilitates the development of context-specific strategies that increase the resilience of food systems in Agroecological Region I and similar regions in Southern Zambia.

Purpose: This program aims to enhance the capacity of coastal communities in managing marine ecotourism potential while maintaining the sustainability of coral reef ecosystems. Research Methodology: The implementation methods include socialization, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), technical training, and hands-on practice in the creation and installation of BioReefTek media and spiderwebs as tools for coral growth, involving 48 participants (fishermen and Mitra Analaut) on November 8, 2025. Results: The activities resulted in a significant increase in community knowledge and participation in marine conservation, with a 90% improvement measured through pre-test and post-test evaluations. The FGD produced important recommendations regarding the need for synergy between education, conservation, and nature-based economic development. The active role of the Anana Laut Community was a key element of the program’s success through local innovation and cross-sector collaboration involving the community, academics, government, and private sector. Conclusions: This program demonstrates the effectiveness of a holistic approach in integrating simple technology with local wisdom for the sustainability of coral reef ecosystems. Limitations: The limitation of this community service lies in the use of the BioReefTek method, which requires experimentation with more complex methods for coral ecosystem restoration. Contributions: This program contributes to the preservation of coral reefs, which are better preserved and experiencing improved growth. It also impacts the increased fish catch for fishermen.

This qualitative study investigates the practices of oral health therapy and dental students who took part in an elective narrative dentistry course. The use of narratives as a teaching method is underpinned in this work by the writing of Arthur Frank, where he promotes storytelling to counteract the diminishing effects of disease and ill-health. Students enrolled in professional dental courses were invited to take part in a voluntary short learning programme based on the concept of narrative dentistry involving didactic instruction, class discussion and a writing task. In total, 25 students enrolled in the course. Data analysis involved triangulation of field data from the online module and on-line zoom classes, focus group discussion and students' narratives. The analysis was guided by principles outlined by Arthur Frank on diminished lives. The themes arising from analysis were (1) narrative dentistry making overlooked human factors in students' routine practice visible; (2) narrative dentistry as a teaching tool for students to see loss and grief connected with dental disease; and (3) narrative dentistry as a teaching tool which enables students to express a hope for care. The narratives created by the participants and engagement with the learning activities suggest that narrative dentistry courses can provide students with a way to make sense of patient experiences in dental care, help to facilitate reflection on empathy and connect students with understanding of what it might mean to provide person-centred dentistry.

This study examines CodeMentor-AI, an AI-powered tool that delivers immediate, adaptive and context-aware feedback on programming tasks. It supports iterative practice and self-managed learning to better prepare ODL learners for graded assessment. In a pilot focus group with eight ODL programming students, participants reported rapid assistance, clear understanding, practical gains, sustained engagement and motivation, and increased confidence to tackle the graded assessment and collectively strengthened self-managed learning.

IntroductionDespite being the fastest-growing ethnic group in the United States, Asian Americans, encompassing all ethnic subgroups, remain notably underrepresented in Parkinson's Disease (PD) research and clinical trials. This qualitative study seeks to address this gap by exploring how Asian Americans experience PD diagnosis, treatment, care, and research participation.MethodsIn-depth interviews were conducted with ten Chinese and Vietnamese people with Parkinson's disease (PWP), nine family care partners, ten providers, and a focus group discussion was conducted with three community advocates in the Greater Boston area. Data were coded using a behavioral model that organizes health services utilization into three domains - predisposing, enabling, and need factors. Resulting themes were then mapped onto an access-to-care framework that conceptualizes access as influenced by both health system characteristics and individuals' abilities to seek, reach, afford, and engage in care.ResultsWe identified individual- and systems-level barriers that present before and after the initial establishment of care, and additional barriers that inhibit research participation among Chinese and Vietnamese PWP. Barriers to delayed diagnosis and reduced quality of care included linguistic and physical inaccessibility to healthcare services, limited health literacy about PD symptoms, cultural beliefs, dissatisfaction with care, shame, and stigma. Outreach from researchers who share a similar ethnicity as PWP may help enhance research participation.ConclusionsOur findings help fill important research gaps regarding the diagnosis and treatment of Asian American PWP. Recommendations for improvements include the need for linguistically- and culturally-tailored health education, outreach, and services to better support Asian American PWP.

Stroke recovery involves adapting to physical impairments, emotional distress, and uncertainty about the future. Survivors of stroke may rely on spirituality and spiritual wellbeing practices to cope with illness. However, how survivors of stroke experience spiritual wellbeing remains unexplored. This study aimed to explore spiritual wellbeing in survivors of stroke and identify associated practices. A convergent parallel mixed methods study using virtual focus groups with survivors of stroke and caregivers and survey data on spirituality using the All of Us research database was completed from October 2023 to February 2025. The framework method was used for qualitative data analysis and a 7-item spirituality survey completed by survivors of stroke was analyzed from the All of Us research database using descriptive statistics. Data sets were integrated through joint displays to assess coherence. A total of 41 participants completed 6 focus groups. In this context, spirituality was defined as trust in a higher power and maintaining emotional balance. Focus groups identified spiritual wellbeing practices, including mindfulness, prayer, and spending time in nature. These findings converged with survey data (n=5428), with 70% of respondents endorsing connection with god/higher power. Spiritual practices extended beyond religious services, as 51.7% of respondents reported they did not attend religious services as a practice. Spending time in nature was a common practice, with 90.4% of respondents feeling spiritually touched by nature at least occasionally. Spiritual wellbeing and its practices are important to survivors of stroke and can serve as a foundation for targeted interventions in poststroke care. Future research should investigate spiritual wellbeing in diverse populations to develop tailored interventions for survivors of stroke.

This study explored the experiences, perspectives and confidence of teaching and research staff of discussing race and ethnicity, and associated equalities matters, at a post-1992 university in North West England, UK. In particular, it studied whether colleagues, who were largely white, had the understanding and personal skills to deliver on race equity in teaching and learning in a Higher Education Institution (HEI). Further, it examined whether there was a disconnect between the intention of an HEI working towards the Race Equality Charter (REC) mark and the detrimental effects this may have on its minoritised ethnic staff. The study was based on focus groups and interviews of 43 academic staff as participants using Critical Race Theory (CRT) and Intersectionality as the theoretical lens. These address discrepancies between institutional declarations and realities within higher education, which is important, as HEIs are increasingly positioning themselves as committed to diversity and equity, while the practical implementation often remains inconsistent. The findings demonstrate that the white participants were not confident, competent or pro-active enough to effect any meaningful change in race equity. At the same time, the minoritised ethnic participants often felt the burden of having to relive the trauma and pain of racism and take the lead in any race equity initiatives. In sum, the study demonstrates that HEI initiatives that purport to tackle systemic racism through decolonisation and the REC mark have little chance of effecting institutional change if the staff do not have the confidence, competence and necessary skills to make it happen.