Purpose This study aims to extend the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model by integrating connective action theory (CAT) to examine the factors that influence social media adoption in contexts where these platforms facilitate perceived crowd support and collective agency, potentially leading to the bypassing of official channels. Design/methodology/approach A semi-structured questionnaire was distributed to 642 university students in Malaysia. In designing the questionnaire, a systematic literature review, focus group discussions and a pilot test were conducted. The cross-tabulation technique and the partial least squares structural equation model were applied. Findings Despite general awareness, youth exhibit low engagement with e-government systems and prefer reporting issues via social media, revealing a gap in the UTAUT model. For digital natives, traditional UTAUT factors are insignificant; instead, transparency, technological trust and crowd support predict the behavioural intention to use e-government systems. This indicates a mismatch between institutional platforms, which are seen as opaque and cumbersome, and youth expectations for immediacy and visibility. Research limitations/implications The study’s sample is limited to university students, which restricts its generalisability to the broader youth population with diverse backgrounds and digital literacies. Furthermore, reliance on cross-sectional, self-reported survey data provides statistical relationships but lacks depth. Future research should include non-student youth, use longitudinal designs to track evolving attitudes, and adopt a mixed-methods approach to gain richer qualitative context and better understand user perceptions and behaviours. Practical implications Governance must transition to a “glass-box” model, featuring trackable complaint dashboards, automated feedback and amended data protection laws to include government bodies. To rebuild trust, conduct independent security audits and invest in reliable infrastructure. Platforms should integrate moderated social features – like public forums and issue upvoting – to foster communal engagement and meet the demand for visibility. Redefine success metrics from process to outcome-oriented (e.g. resolution time). Proactively engage youth by leveraging platforms like TikTok and Instagram for awareness, and enable official reporting through social media channels to integrate public discourse into structured systems. Originality/value This study uses CAT to reframe the non-adoption of e-government as a potential rational shift towards viral connective action on social media. This integrated framework provides a novel explanatory lens for understanding why institutional platforms struggle to compete with the logic of socially-mediated engagement. It further contributes practical design insights for developing more transparent, trusted and socially responsive e-government systems.

The rapid expansion of digital technologies has significantly influenced the lives of children and youth, leading many to seek nutrition education through digital platforms. This study aims to assess the usability and acceptability of Ajyal Salima, a nutrition awareness digital platform targeting children aged 9-11, in four Arab countries. A qualitative study was led across four countries: Lebanon, Bahrain, Palestine, and Jordan. Semi-structured focus groups discussions (FGDs) were held separately with children (21 FGDs; n = 145) and parents (16 FGDs; n = 98), complemented by In Depth Interview (IDIs) with teachers (n = 19) and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) with program staff (n = 8). All interviews and focus groups lasted approximately 40 minutes. Data was analyzed thematically using NVivo software, resulting in four main themes. Four major themes emerged: platform's usability, content enjoyment, changes in children's habits and recommendations to improve the platform. Overall, parents and teachers found the digital experience positive and useful and the content appropriate for children, particularly younger age groups. Challenges included registration difficulties, technical problems, internet accessibility, low parental involvement, and difficulties integrating the platform into teachers' schedules. The platform's animations were less effective in sustaining children's attention amid evolving digital standards. To enhance the platform's effectiveness, recommendations include simplifying the registration process, enhancing content interactivity, aligning the platform with school curricula, and equipping teachers with supportive resources. Fostering stronger school-family partnerships and engaging parents through community initiatives may be considered to maximize the platform's potential to promote healthier eating habits and improve nutritional awareness among children and their families, across the region.

Drug users often face legal issues, but there is limited data in Nigeria. The study examined the relationship between drug use and crime among patients at an addiction treatment center in a neuropsychiatric hospital in Nigeria. The study adopted a mixture of retrospective and qualitative methods. The quantitative design involved retrieving the alcohol/drug and forensic records of 100 patients, who had received addiction treatment, using their Addiction Severity Index (ASI) filled out at admission. The qualitative aspect entailed conducting a focus group discussion (FDG) with 5 purposively selected participants on admission. While the ASI data were subjected to descriptive analysis, the FGD data were subjected to thematic analysis. It showed that patients used various substances and committed different types of crimes, but most weren't involved in serious crimes or legal proceedings. The focus group discussion revealed a possible link between drugs and crime, citing economic motivation, impaired self-control, and psychological impact as contributing factors. The study suggests that addressing this issue requires a holistic approach, including addiction treatment, economic support, and mental health care, beyond just law enforcement. The findings highlight the need for comprehensive interventions to tackle the complex relationship between drug use and crime.

Climate change has significantly disrupted the food systems and livelihoods of low-resource rural communities, particularly in Southern Zambia's Agroecological Region I. Agroecological Region I, receives mean annual rainfall of less than 800 mm with an increasing reliance on rain-fed agriculture. This study evaluates the vulnerability of food system livelihoods to climate change in Kazungula, Gwembe, Chirundu, and Siavonga districts using the LVI-IPCC framework outlined in the sixth assessment report (IPCC-AR6) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The LVI-IPCC for the respondents was formed by combining its three components; exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity from 195 rural households, who were selected using a stratified random sampling method. LVI was employed to identify the differential vulnerability of the four districts to climate change effects. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was employed, in which quantitative household survey data ( n = 195) were first used to construct the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) and LVI-IPCC metrics, followed by focus group discussions and key-informant interviews to contextualise and interpret observed vulnerability patterns. Results show that households across all districts perceived climate change primarily through erratic rainfall, droughts, rising temperatures, and shifting rainfall seasonality, with perceived climate risk intensity varying significantly by district due to differences in livelihood sensitivity and adaptive capacity rather than hazard exposure. With regards to vulnerability, Siavonga had the highest vulnerability (LVI-IPCC = 0.0711) due to high exposure and limited adaptive capacity, while Kazungula had the lowest vulnerability (0.022). Dependence on rain-fed crop production was the main factor affecting sensitivity across districts. Farmers perceived rising temperatures, erratic rainfall, and reduced yields, confirming the consistency between the measured and perceived risks. These findings indicate that the impacts of climate on food systems stem from interconnected biophysical and socioeconomic pressures. It is crucial to strengthen the adaptive capacity of smallholder farmers in this region through irrigation interventions, livelihood diversification, and integrating early warning systems and climate-information services. The study provides evidence to guide district-level adaptation planning and facilitates the development of context-specific strategies that increase the resilience of food systems in Agroecological Region I and similar regions in Southern Zambia.

Purpose: This program aims to enhance the capacity of coastal communities in managing marine ecotourism potential while maintaining the sustainability of coral reef ecosystems. Research Methodology: The implementation methods include socialization, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), technical training, and hands-on practice in the creation and installation of BioReefTek media and spiderwebs as tools for coral growth, involving 48 participants (fishermen and Mitra Analaut) on November 8, 2025. Results: The activities resulted in a significant increase in community knowledge and participation in marine conservation, with a 90% improvement measured through pre-test and post-test evaluations. The FGD produced important recommendations regarding the need for synergy between education, conservation, and nature-based economic development. The active role of the Anana Laut Community was a key element of the program’s success through local innovation and cross-sector collaboration involving the community, academics, government, and private sector. Conclusions: This program demonstrates the effectiveness of a holistic approach in integrating simple technology with local wisdom for the sustainability of coral reef ecosystems. Limitations: The limitation of this community service lies in the use of the BioReefTek method, which requires experimentation with more complex methods for coral ecosystem restoration. Contributions: This program contributes to the preservation of coral reefs, which are better preserved and experiencing improved growth. It also impacts the increased fish catch for fishermen.

This qualitative study investigates the practices of oral health therapy and dental students who took part in an elective narrative dentistry course. The use of narratives as a teaching method is underpinned in this work by the writing of Arthur Frank, where he promotes storytelling to counteract the diminishing effects of disease and ill-health. Students enrolled in professional dental courses were invited to take part in a voluntary short learning programme based on the concept of narrative dentistry involving didactic instruction, class discussion and a writing task. In total, 25 students enrolled in the course. Data analysis involved triangulation of field data from the online module and on-line zoom classes, focus group discussion and students' narratives. The analysis was guided by principles outlined by Arthur Frank on diminished lives. The themes arising from analysis were (1) narrative dentistry making overlooked human factors in students' routine practice visible; (2) narrative dentistry as a teaching tool for students to see loss and grief connected with dental disease; and (3) narrative dentistry as a teaching tool which enables students to express a hope for care. The narratives created by the participants and engagement with the learning activities suggest that narrative dentistry courses can provide students with a way to make sense of patient experiences in dental care, help to facilitate reflection on empathy and connect students with understanding of what it might mean to provide person-centred dentistry.

Malaria poses considerable risk to pregnant women and their unborn babies. Despite the known effectiveness of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy using sulfadoxine pyrimethamine(IPTp-SP) and long-lasting insecticide nets (LLINs), their use is hindered by several challenges. This study, therefore, assessed factors associated with utilisation of malaria preventive services (MPS) among pregnant women attending primary healthcare centres in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, using a mixed-method approach. This was a mixed-method cross-sectional study design conducted among 200 pregnant women in ten selected healthcare facilities across two Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Ile Ife, Nigeria. While the quantitative data was collected from pregnant women using a semi-structured adapted questionnaire, qualitative data was collected from health workers and pregnant women using key informant interviews (KIIs) and focused group discussions (FGDs), respectively. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS version 25.0, with logistic regression used to determine the factors influencing utilisation of LLINs and IPTp-SP. Thematic analysis of qualitative data was conducted using ATLAS.ti. Less than half (34%) of the respondents had good knowledge of malaria preventive services (MPS). While 62.5% of the respondents owned LLINs, only 47.5% reported current utilisation. Utilisation of at least one dose of IPTp-SP was at 50.8% and 7% for three or more doses. The multivariable analysis showed a statistically significant association between IPTp-SP uptake and occupation, good knowledge of malaria preventive services and gravidity. Factors that influenced utilisation of MPS include out-of-stock commodities, lack of money, late and irregular ANC attendance due to insufficient funds for transportation, the distance to healthcare facilities, and pregnant women's preference for visiting mission houses (faith-based homes where spiritual and maternity services are provided) over attending antenatal care (ANC), and insufficient training of healthcare providers. Modalities to maintain constant availability of malaria preventive commodities at ANC clinics should be put in place. In addition to the conventional awareness programmes, optimal utilisation of MPS can be achieved through the integration of unconventional healthcare providers such as faith-based and traditional birth attendants into malaria in pregnancy preventive initiatives. Also, educational interventions and continuous health workers training are crucial.

IntroductionDespite being the fastest-growing ethnic group in the United States, Asian Americans, encompassing all ethnic subgroups, remain notably underrepresented in Parkinson's Disease (PD) research and clinical trials. This qualitative study seeks to address this gap by exploring how Asian Americans experience PD diagnosis, treatment, care, and research participation.MethodsIn-depth interviews were conducted with ten Chinese and Vietnamese people with Parkinson's disease (PWP), nine family care partners, ten providers, and a focus group discussion was conducted with three community advocates in the Greater Boston area. Data were coded using a behavioral model that organizes health services utilization into three domains - predisposing, enabling, and need factors. Resulting themes were then mapped onto an access-to-care framework that conceptualizes access as influenced by both health system characteristics and individuals' abilities to seek, reach, afford, and engage in care.ResultsWe identified individual- and systems-level barriers that present before and after the initial establishment of care, and additional barriers that inhibit research participation among Chinese and Vietnamese PWP. Barriers to delayed diagnosis and reduced quality of care included linguistic and physical inaccessibility to healthcare services, limited health literacy about PD symptoms, cultural beliefs, dissatisfaction with care, shame, and stigma. Outreach from researchers who share a similar ethnicity as PWP may help enhance research participation.ConclusionsOur findings help fill important research gaps regarding the diagnosis and treatment of Asian American PWP. Recommendations for improvements include the need for linguistically- and culturally-tailored health education, outreach, and services to better support Asian American PWP.

To explore the perceptions, challenges and strategies of caregivers in managing screen time among children younger than 5 years in the urban and rural areas of Tamil Nadu, India. Qualitative study using focus group discussions (FGDs). Rural Health and Training Centre in Vayalanallur, Thiruvallur district and Urban Health and Training Centre, Thiruvanmyur in Chennai district, Tamil Nadu, India. 54 caregivers (27 rural, 27 urban, 46 mothers, 6 grandmothers, 2 fathers) of children younger than 5 years whose screen time exceeded WHO age-specific recommendations participated. Six FGDs were conducted, each with 8-10 participants. FGDs were conducted in familiar community locations near the participants' homes to ensure comfort and accessibility. The audio recordings were transcribed verbatim in Tamil and translated into English and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Coding was manually performed by two independent researchers. Six major themes emerged: (1) circumstances leading to screen exposure, (2) perceived advantages, (3) perceived disadvantages, (4) challenges in reducing screen time, (5) methods adopted to reduce screen time and (6) strategies for sustaining reduction. Safety concerns, lack of play space and the need to manage household chores were commonly cited reasons for screen use. Although most caregivers were aware of the potential harms, screens were often used to feed or pacify children. Emotional resistance from children, inconsistent family norms and grandparents' screen use were common barriers. Caregivers employed strategies, such as limiting access, engaging in outdoor play and enrolling children in structured activities. Urban-rural differences were minimal, and thematic saturation was achieved after six FGDs. Caregivers face multiple, structural and family level challenges in managing screen time among young children. Awareness and interventions need to be tailored to address family dynamics, caregiver fatigue and lack of alternatives. Health providers, community workers and policymakers should collaborate to offer structured support, promote screen-free engagement and ensure child-friendly spaces in urban and rural communities.

In-depth qualitative case study with semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and open-ended answers from an online survey. Thematic analysis was applied. A COVID-19 Test, Trace and Protect Service in the UK was formed as a partnership between a local health board, Public Health Wales and public sector organisations. Senior managers from different partner organisations, as well as current and former staff members from various positions and teams, were recruited via the service's project management office. The study identifies a strong influence of situational strength on team functioning, whereby the pandemic situation fuelled the teams' commitment to the common purpose and promoted a shared identity across the teams. Further, the study highlights the key role of leadership in enabling MTS effectiveness through the establishment of effective governance structures, role-modelling (supporting that all voices are heard), and enhancing a psychologically safe working climate. Lastly, the study demonstrates the impact of social dynamics on team functioning, whereby team commitment, engagement and a shared team identity appeared to promote mutual support, communication and cooperation across component teams. Results hold lessons for managers tasked with leading fluid MTS: communication of a clearly defined overarching purpose and aim, alignment of individual team contributions to the overarching aim alongside feedback cycles and acknowledgement of individual team efforts, selecting team members with the ability to cope with volatile, uncertain and ambiguous circumstances; selecting team leaders with inclusive and compassionate leadership styles, the establishment of collaborative governance structures and the introduction of staff well-being measures for coping with work stressors.

This study develops a governance-specific framework for energy justice to address persistent inequities in renewable energy adoption within marginalized remote communities in Thailand. Focusing on Nong Prue Subdistrict, Kanchanaburi Province, the research employs a mixed-methods participatory design—including People Scorecards, Focus Group Discussions, and in-depth interviews—to examine how structural barriers, financial burdens, and institutional fragmentation constrain solar energy access in Western Thailand. Findings reveal that reliance on diesel generators imposes unsustainable economic and environmental costs, whereas solar systems offer viable alternatives if supported by inclusive governance, tailored financial mechanisms, and capacity-building. Integrating Diffusion of Innovations and Social Practice theories, the study advances energy justice scholarship beyond technocratic models by highlighting how constrained decentralization and fragmented authority mediate renewable energy transitions. The proposed model synthesizes distributive, procedural, and recognition justice with participatory planning, offering a context-specific pathway to alleviate energy poverty. This research underscores the role of community agencies in shaping just solar transitions, providing empirical evidence and theoretical innovation for policy and practice in the Global South.

This paper develops and applies an integrated risk-based counterparty due diligence framework for Pertamina’s crude segment, combining a structured questionnaire with Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process Fuzzy AHP and TOPSIS. The framework operationalizes four risk domains, legal compliance, corporate image, operational performance, and financial management, by converting qualitative judgments from experts and counterparties into probability–impact scores and normalized risk indices. Expert judgements gathered via a Focus Group Discussion are modeled using Fuzzy AHP to derive uncertainty-aware weights that emphasize operational 0.45 and legal compliance 0.30 risks, with financial management 0.20 and corporate image 0.05 playing supporting roles. These weights are applied to indicator-level indices from five crude counterparties CRD-01–CRD-05 to obtain composite risk scores, which are then processed using TOPSIS to compute closeness coefficients and produce a transparent ranking relative to an ideal low-risk profile. The empirical results show that all assessed counterparties pass minimum compliance screening and fall predominantly within Low to Moderate and Moderate risk bands, with operational and financial dimensions emerging as the dominant sources of residual exposure. The resulting Counterparty Risk Ratings provide a direct link to Pertamina’s risk appetite, enabling differentiated decision rules such as standard approval, conditional approval with enhanced covenants, or restricted engagement. The study demonstrates that integrating Fuzzy AHP and TOPSIS into counterparty due diligence can enhance the rigor, transparency, and defensibility of crude supplier evaluations, while also highlighting limitations related to sample size, reliance on subjective judgments, and opportunities for incorporating longitudinal and more objective performance data in future applications. The integrated use of Fuzzy AHP for deriving domain and sub‑criterion weights, combined with TOPSIS for ranking crude counterparties, allows Pertamina to move from qualitative checklists to a traceable, quantitative risk rating. This integration strengthens methodological rigor (through consistency‑checked expert weights), transparency (through explicit criteria and weights), and defensibility (through a documented link from raw scores to final ratings).

Proper orchard management is crucial for optimizing the productivity as well as quality of large cardamom. This study was conducted in Marsyangdi, Dudhpokhari, and Dordi rural municipalities, which were purposively selected to assess the cardamom orchard management practices by the rural farmers of Lamjung district, Nepal. Data were collected through household survey using semi-structured questionnaires, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Key Informant Interview (KII). Altogether 60 respondents were selected with a purposive random sampling method. Descriptive and inferential statistics were computed using STATA software. The results showed that the majority of the respondents were from Janajati ethnicity (95%), middle-age group i.e. 30-50 age (48.33%) and male (75%). Furthermore, most of them belonged to medium-sized family (73.33%) and were earning most of their income from agriculture (85%). Results of the study revealed the variation in the scale of adoption of different management practices among the sampling household. Most of the households practiced weeding (98.33%), pruning (51.6%) and applied farmyard manure (81.67%) while the least of them have irrigation facilities in their cardamom field (25%). Mulching was practiced by 30% and Bordeaux mixture was applied by 13.33%. The highest incidence of the borer pest and leaf blight disease was observed by the respondents. The chi-square test revealed that the factors such as age, gender and education level were significantly associated with the adoption of field management practices. Lack of inputs, irrigation facilities and greater infestation of diseases and pests were found to be the major problems for cardamom production. It is recommended that improving access to irrigation facilities, use of certified planting material, use of an appropriate dose of fertilizer, and proper diseases and pest management practices must be prioritized in the study area.

Flood disasters, as one of the major impacts of climate change, often exert significant pressure on rice-farming communities, particularly in sustaining production and ensuring food security. Strengthening the resilience of farmer groups in flood-prone areas requires targeted learning processes and well-structured social organization. These two aspects are essential in enhancing resilience through: a) The selection of rice varieties adaptive to climate change and b) The utilization of social institutions to address flood challenges. The Dosen Pulang Kampung (Dospulkam) program of IPB University was implemented in Ciuyah Village, Cirebon regency, to facilitate resilience improvement among rice farmer groups through an integrated training program. The training encompassed the selection of rice varieties and the enhancement of farmer group capacity in managing irrigation resources. The integrated training was conducted from 7‒9 July 2025. The method was conducted through focus group discussions (FGDs), small group discussions, lectures, field surveys, and the distribution of stimulus assistance in the form of IPB 9G seeds, IPB 13S seeds, and IPB 9G rice. Training participants were organized at two levels: group and village. At the community level, 23 community participants represented eight groups from the village; meanwhile, decision-makers, including the village government, the Combined Farmers Group, and village extension workers, were also involved. The results indicated that farmer groups developed a strong understanding of the use of IPB 9G as a climate-smart variety and optimized collective action through social institutions to address irrigation channel constraints. This program has contributed to enhancing the adaptive capacity of rice farmer groups to flood disasters caused by climate change.

ABSTRACT This study explores the effect of home visit intervention programs for at-risk students by analyzing the elements of a collectivist cultural setting. Qualitative data was collected from three in-depth interviews and four focus group discussions involving 17 informants. They comprised school administrators, school counselors, parents, and local opinion leaders. The thematic analysis of the data was carried out using ATLAS.ti. Firstly, the findings highlight the importance of cooperative persuasive strategies in implementing home-based interventions within a collectivist culture. These findings underscore the importance of collaboration between school counselors and the community. Through their home visits, teachers should serve as credible agents in helping at-risk students and their families. Secondly, the findings emphasize the role of community opinion leaders as collaborative partners of schools trying to reduce dropout rates among at-risk students. Thirdly, consistent outreach efforts are essential to build and maintain trust with students and their families. These strategies help create a dynamic learning environment for both change agents and at-risk students. School policies should prioritize active stakeholder collaboration to ensure the success of home visit educational interventions.

ABSTRACT Migration has long shaped agrarian livelihoods in Northern Ghana, where north – south mobility is a key strategy for managing environmental risk, economic precarity, and uneven development. Although previous studies show that migrant households often benefit from remittances and improved agricultural investment, less is known about how migration reshapes who gains access to agricultural services and under what structural conditions. Drawing on a mixed-methods study of 2107 agrarian households and 56 qualitative interviews and focus group discussions in the Upper West and Savannah regions, this paper examines how migration intersects with gender relations, regional inequalities, and institutional arrangements to structure access to agricultural services. Binary logistic regression and thematic analysis reveal that migrant households are more likely to access improved seeds, fertilizer, and markets, but these advantages are unevenly distributed. Women’s agricultural responsibilities increase in the context of male outmigration, yet persistent gendered barriers to extension services, credit, and market participation remain. Framed through a feminist political ecology lens, the study demonstrates that migration reorganizes rather than resolves agrarian inequality. The paper advances debates on migration and rural transformation in Northern Ghana by moving beyond remittance-centered explanations to show how mobility reproduces differentiated access to agricultural services across gender, household, and region.

ABSTRACT Background Household air pollution (HAP), from the use of polluting fuels for cooking, heating, and lighting, poses significant health and environmental risks, particularly in low-resource settings. The Community Household Air Pollution Prevention Programme (CHAP-PP) integrated a ‘household air pollution, health, and prevention’ module into Kenyan national Community Health Worker training, involving household-based education, awareness-raising, and discussions around air pollution, health, and clean energy. Objectives This evaluation examined residents’ perspectives on the programme, considering impacts on energy use and HAP exposures in the context of wider experiences and providing recommendations for improvement. Methods This qualitative descriptive study used semi-structured interviews and one focus group discussion with purposively selected household representatives, analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results Residents welcomed the programme, reporting enhanced knowledge around HAP-related risks, harm mitigation practices (e.g. improved ventilation), and clean fuels. The latter enabled clean fuel adoption for some, but residual challenges remained. Using the COM-B (Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behaviour) model we considered how the programme influenced communities’ clean fuel uptake. Participants proposed solutions to financial barriers precluding clean fuel use including subsidies, value-added tax removal, and ‘pay-as-you-go’ schemes for liquefied petroleum gas, some of which have since been implemented. Conclusions The CHAP-PP programme was felt to be successful, increasing HAP awareness and supporting harm mitigation and transitions to cleaner cooking. Findings have informed module rollout nationally and contributed to Kenya’s HAP prevention strategy. Ongoing efforts aim to improve affordability and scale clean cooking solutions, with future evaluations planned to assess long-term impacts on energy use and health outcomes.\\

Purpose: This study develops a mobile-based financial reporting system for mosques under ISAK 35 to improve the reporting quality and donor trust through real-time updates. Methodology/approach: Using the Rapid Application Development (RAD) method, this study covers system requirement analysis, design, implementation, and testing. Data were collected through observations, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with mosque administrators, and literature reviews. Usability was tested using black-box and task-based evaluations. Results: The system generates ISAK 35–compliant reports, including statements of financial position, comprehensive income, cash flow, and changes in net assets. This enables real-time recording and reporting, thereby improving transparency and efficiency. Usability testing showed that administrators found the system to be intuitive and useful, although some struggled with adjustment entries. The system also improves financial literacy and donor confidence. Conclusions: The ISAK 35–based mobile system strengthens mosque financial reporting and offers a practical and replicable model for nonprofit entities. Limitations: The system is limited by database capacity (200 MB, 500 rows), lacks integration with digital payment tools (e.g., QRIS), and does not fully support multi-user or multi-entity functions. Limited accounting knowledge among administrators also affects usage. Contributions: This study presents a digital financial management prototype that integrates ISAK 35 with mobile technology to build donor trust and improve responsible reporting. The model can be adapted for other nonprofits, such as churches, foundations, and NGOs.

BACKGROUND Intensive care unit (ICU) capacity is underdeveloped in sub-Saharan Africa, and outcomes for critical care lag behind higher resource settings. It is essential to understand local case-mix, processes of care and clinical outcomes in African ICUs to close these gaps. To this end, ICU registries are valuable tools for clinical research, quality improvement and capacity building. The Critical Care in Asia and Africa (CCAA) Network has specially developed a novel ICU registry for resource-limited settings. AIM To evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and perceived sustainability of the CCAA ICU registry in the Ethiopian clinical context. METHODS Eight months following the pilot implementation of the CCAA ICU registry at two academic medical centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, we conducted a qualitative evaluation. We conducted key informant interviews and focus group discussions with members of the ICU registry team, medical and nursing staff, and leadership team. We coded and analyzed transcripts deductively using a thematic content approach. RESULTS Emergent themes related to feasibility included data collection, data quality and factors necessary for success. Those related to acceptability included utility, accessibility and comparison to other methods. Those related to perceived sustainability included institutional future, ownership and expansion. Overall, respondents felt that the CCAA ICU registry was feasible and acceptable in their ICUs. They identified important threats to perceived sustainability including multiple channels of communication and infrastructure and human resource limitations, and proposed adaptations to address these threats. CONCLUSION The CCAA ICU registry is a promising tool for research and quality improvement in ICUs in sub-Saharan Africa, but successful implementation requires a clear understanding of regional and institutional influencing factors.

BackgroundWild edible plants (WEPs) are vital components of traditional food systems, supporting nutrition, health, and livelihood resilience in food-insecure and climate-vulnerable regions. In eastern Ethiopia, particularly the Somali Region, communities rely on WEPs to supplement diets and cope with seasonal food shortages. However, comprehensive documentation of species diversity, indigenous knowledge, and conservation challenges remains limited. This study assessed the diversity, use patterns, indigenous knowledge, and public health relevance of WEPs in Gursum District.MethodsAn ethnobotanical survey was conducted from February to December 2024 using semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, guided field walks, and market surveys. A total of 100 informants, including 25 key informants, were selected through purposive and snowball sampling. Plant specimens were collected and identified using standard taxonomic references, with voucher numbers assigned. Quantitative ethnobotanical indices and statistical analyses (ANOVA, regression) were applied to examine knowledge distribution across socio-demographic groups. Focus group discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed to complement quantitative findings.ResultsForty-four WEP species, representing 30 genera and 17 families, were documented. Fruits (61%) and leafy vegetables (27%) were the most commonly consumed plant parts, while tubers and roots (12%) served as important famine foods. Women, elders, married individuals, and illiterate informants demonstrated significantly higher WEP knowledge (p < 0.05). WEPs contributed to dietary diversity, micronutrient intake, income generation, and resilience during food shortages. Major threats to their sustainability included overharvesting, land-use change, climate variability, and erosion of indigenous knowledge.ConclusionWEPs play a critical role in supporting nutrition, health, and food security in Gursum District. Integrating indigenous knowledge with conservation, nutrition, and public health strategies is essential to safeguard these resources and enhance community resilience in semi-arid regions.