Fluorocarbon Resin Research Articles

Flexible, stimuli-responsive and self-cleaning phase change fiber for thermal energy storage and smart textiles

Smart textiles have emerged as potential part for wearable devices and protective systems. Integrating phase change materials (PCMs) into stimuli-responsive fibers offers exciting opportunities for smart clothing to realize instant energy conversion/storage and temperature regulation. However, the production of flexible and efficient smart energy storage fiber is still challenging. Here, flexible electro-/photo-driven energy storage polymer fiber with outstanding hydrophobicity and self-cleaning property is fabricated. The smart fiber is prepared by integrating conductive silver nanoflowers and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as well as hydrophobic fluorocarbon resin with a facile and novel wet-spun phase change fiber to gain high flexibility, excellent electrical conductivity , high enthalpy, tunable phase change temperature , extra shape stability and outstanding hydrophobicity. The highest elongation of the smart fiber is more than 500% and the enthalpies of the fibers varies from 98.6 to 124.5 J g −1 according to the adjustable content of phase change materials. The coordination of Ag nanoflowers and PEDOT:PSS enable the fiber outstanding electrical conductivity of 190 S/m 2 . The high electrical conductivity, excellent photo capture and good heat dissipation enable the fiber high electro-/photo-heat conversion efficiency (70.1% and 89.0%, respectively). The smart energy storage fiber with integrative properties could be woven into fabrics, providing a new option for smart textiles in wearable and protective systems. • A facile and novel wet spinning method was used to prepare phase change fibers. • Ag nanoflowers and PEDOT:PSS coating enabled the fiber high electrical conductivity. • The fiber exhibited photo-/electro-responses with high energy conversion and storage. • The smart energy storage fiber performed effective energy conversion underwater.

A chemically robust and self-healing superhydrophobic polybenzoxazine coating without fluorocarbon resin modification: Fabrication and failure mechanism

The decaying mechanism of air cushion on superhydrophobic surfaces deserves further investigation upon immersion conditions, which could contribute to a clear understanding to the non-wettability deterioration process. In this work, we constructed a chemically robust and self-healing superhydrophobic coating by spraying method of polybenzoxazine (PBA) particles and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) paste, without further modification by low surface-energy and toxic fluorocarbon resin. The size of PBA particles was regulated by adjusting the ball-milling rate to obtain a mixture of micro-nano particles, then the PBA particles were blended with PDMS and sprayed on a mild steel plate to fabricate all-organic superhydrophobic coatings. Laser confocal microscope and FT-IR spectra verified that the hierarchical micro-nano topography on PBA/PDMS coatings contributed more than the low surface-energy modification to the superhydrophobicity. Even after the superhydrophobicity of PBA/PDMS coating was damaged due to deterioration of the micro-nano structures, it could be easily healed by surface friction on the PBA/PDMS coatings thanks to its three-dimensional superhydrophobic property. Visualization monitoring on the air cushion trapped on PBA/PDMS coatings demonstrated that it failed from several points initially, then expanding to local up to the whole surface finally. It is expected that this work may provide a promising fabrication strategy of superhydrophobic coatings, as well as a preliminary understanding of the mechanism of superhydrophobicity loss.

Study on the antibacterial properties of BiOIO3/graphene oxide (GO) modified fluorocarbon resin coating (PEVE) under UV light

Study on the antibacterial properties of BiOIO3/graphene oxide (GO) modified fluorocarbon resin coating (PEVE) under UV light

Effects of Proppant Wettability and Size on Transport and Retention of Coal Fines in Saturated Proppant Packs: Experimental and Theoretical Studies

Hydraulic fracturing is the main stimulation technique that enables the economic production of coalbed methane reservoirs. However, massive invasion and retention of coal fines in proppant packs can clog the pore spaces and lead to an impairment of fracture conductivity. In this study, the effects of proppant wettability and size on retention of coal fines in proppant packs during the dewatering stage were investigated, for their optimization to achieve a long-term and effective control of fines retention. First, a series of transport and retention experiments of coal fines were performed on saturated proppant packs with different proppant sizes and wettabilities. Herein, standard quartz sand was used as the proppant carrier, and its surface wettability was modified to either hydrophobicity or stronger hydrophilicity by treatment with fluorocarbon resin and piranha solution, respectively. The experimental results indicated that both the retained amount and the deposition rate coefficient of coal fines decreased with increasing proppant hydrophilicity (or decreasing proppant hydrophobicity) and size. For the proppants treated with piranha solution, almost no coal fines were retained in proppant packs. Second, the forces/torques acting on coal fines in the vicinity of proppants were analyzed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for the influence of proppant wettability and size on fines retention. The effective filter surface (EFS) parameter was estimated by analyzing forces/torques to evaluate the filtration performance of proppant packs. Theoretical results illustrated that the EFS value decreased with increasing proppant hydrophilicity and size. The EFS value for proppants treated with piranha solution was near zero, which was due to the chemically “unfavorable” retention condition induced by piranha solution treatment. The EFS exhibited a similar tendency to the retention of coal fines observed in experiments, which validated the model. Finally, the recommendations on fines retention control in proppant packs were provided.

Multifunctional superhydrophobic coatings fabricated from basalt scales on a fluorocarbon coating base

Superhydrophobic coatings are increasingly being evaluated as anticorrosion interventions in exceedingly hydrated environments. However, concerns about their long-term durability and amenability to large-area applications in marine environments are still hindering commercial-scale deployment. This study is focused on development of easy-to-apply superhydrophobic coatings, with multifunctional capabilities, in order to extend the integrity and durability of the coatings in harsh marine environments. Here, a set of facile methods involving selective chemical etching using concentrated NaOH, as well as fluorination with perfluoropolyether methyl ester were adopted to fabricate a superhydrophobic surface on basalt scales, having the required rough hierarchical micro-nanotextured and low surface energy. The superhydrophobic basalt scales were subsequently aligned atop a fluorocarbon resin, pre-deposited on a metal substrate, to yield a multifunctional superhydrophobic coating (3 μL water droplet; contact angle = 165.1°, rolling angle = 0.7°), easily amenable to large surface area application and having excellent wear resistance, UV-aging resistance, salt spray resistance, corrosion resistance and antibacterial capabilities.

Study of BiOI/BiOIO3 composite photocatalyst for improved sterilization performance of fluorocarbon resin coating (PEVE)

In today's world, in the complex marine environment, various microorganisms can adhere to the hull surface and cause unavoidable damage to the hull structure. Therefore, improving the antimicrobial performance of surface coatings on ships has become a pressing issue. BiOIO3 is a recently discovered photocatalytic material with certain antimicrobial properties. However, its larger band gap and low photo-generated carrier yield limit its further applications. In this work, we prepared BiOIO3, BiOI and BiOI/BiOIO3 composite photocatalysts. The prepared photocatalytic materials are used to improve the sterilization performance of fluorocarbon resin coatings. Under the irradiation of a xenon lamp, sterilization tests were performed with coatings modified with the above materials. The experimental results showed that the sterilization performance of the coatings modified by photocatalyst was substantially improved. Simultaneously, the mechanism of the sterilization performance of coatings modified with composite photocatalysts was also investigated.

Investigating the Performances of a Coated Plain Weave Fabric Designed for Producing Protective Gowns

The aim of this research is to produce a substrate that can be used for the development of protective gowns. For this purpose, a cotton‐polyester blended plain weave fabric was treated with a coating paste comprising fluorocarbon and acrylic resins. The coating process parameters, which are fluorocarbon resin quantity (%), acrylic paste quantity (g m−2), and reticulation time (min), were varied by using a Box–Behnken experimental design. Textile fabric characteristics in terms of thickness (mm), coating add‐on (%), air permeability (L m−2 s−1), surface hydrophobicity (mg cm), and flexural rigidity (mg cm−1) were then analyzed and discussed.

The effect of SiO2 particles on electrical properties of superhydrophobic antiflash coatings

In this paper, the effect of SiO2 particles on electrical properties of superhydrophobic antiflash coatings was studied, which electrical properties include, the volume resistivity (ρ v), the electrical strength (U B), relative permittivity (ε r), and the dielectric dissipation factor (tanδ). This kind of superhydrophobic coating uses modified SiO2 and TiO2 particles to construct micro-nano composite structures on the surface of FEVE fluorocarbon resin, and its surface has superhydrophobic characteristics. The results show that, with the addition of 5um SiO2 content, ρ v of the coating showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The amount of 20 nm SiO2 particles added has little effect on ρ v. The content of 5um and 20 nm SiO2 has little influence on the U B of the coating. With the increase of 5um and 20 nm SiO2, ε r and the tangent of tanδ show an increasing trend. Compared with 5um SiO2, 20nm SiO2 has less influence on tanδ. The addition of 80nm SiO2 has obvious significantly adverse effects on the four electrical properties of the coating.

Fabrication of a fast curing super-hydrophobic FEVE/MMA coating and its property research

Because of its significant role in the field of self-cleaning, super-hydrophobic coatings have attracted more and more attention from researchers around the world, while the properties of environmental weather resistance and structure-stability often limit the application in daily life of which. In this study, a fast curing super-hydrophobic coating with good thermal tolerance as well as structure-stability and can be applied to a variety of surfaces conveniently was fabricated with fluorocarbon resin (FEVE), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and micro/nanometer scale powders via solution method. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) were used to evaluate the coating micro morphology. The influence of material content ratio of each component on wettability was analyzed by contact angle measuring instrument. The composition testing of Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated that the coating has a high fluorine content. And the test of friction, constant temperature and immersion experiments showed appropriate physical/chemical stability and weather fastness of the coating.

Study of the Protection of Aluminum Alloy Surfaces by a Graphene-Modified Fluorocarbon Anticorrosive Coating

Graphene-modified anticorrosion coatings have become a hot spot in the field of metal protection due to the large-scale promotion of aluminum alloys, which are prone to corrosion in marine and atmospheric environments. The protection of aluminum alloy surfaces by a graphene-modified anticorrosive coating was explored in this study by applying a graphene-modified anticorrosive coating to an aluminum alloy surface to test its resistance to corrosion. Dispersion-treated reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was used to modify the epoxy resin and fluorocarbon resin. It was found, by using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the microstructure of the coating made by the Raman Spectroscopy Institute, that the addition of rGO could effectively improve the porosity of the epoxy primer, and the electrochemical workstation was able to resist the graphene-modified anticorrosive coating. The corrosion performance was quickly characterized, the polarization curve and the AC impedance curve were fitted, and it was found that the self-corrosion current density ( J corr ) of the graphene-modified anticorrosive coating was the smallest ( 1.190 × 10 − 7 A / c m 2 ) when 0.6% of rGO was added; the impedance modulus ( ∣ Z ∣ ) was the largest (104), the capacitive reactance arc radius was the largest, and the coating resistance was the largest after fitting (15517 Ω). When 0.8% of rGO was added, the dispersion coefficient was large, and it had a good physical insulation performance. The main reason for the reduction of the corrosion resistance was that the agglomeration of rGO made the aluminum alloy matrix and the external corrosive environment form a highly conductive circuit, thereby accelerating the corrosion of the aluminum alloy matrix.

Research and Application of Anticorrosive Coating for Reinforced Concrete of Coastal Buildings

Xiao, J.; Lu, C.; Jiang, S., and Li, Y., 2020. Research and application of anticorrosive coating for reinforced concrete of coastal buildings. In: Yang, Y.; Mi, C.; Zhao, L., and Lam, S. (eds.), Global Topics and New Trends in Coastal Research: Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 103, pp. 417–421. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.In order to prolong the service life of coastal buildings and the anti-corrosion performance of reinforced concrete, the research and application of anti-corrosion coating for reinforced concrete of coastal buildings are analyzed. The organosilicon fluorocarbon resin coating is applied to the preparation of anti-corrosion coating for reinforced concrete of coastal buildings. The application effect of organosilicon fluorocarbon resin coating is measured from the following aspects: the effect of organosilicon on fluorocarbon resin coating, the effect of organosilicon on hydrophobicity of fluorocarbon resin coating, the routine performance test of organosilicon fluorocarbon resin coating, and the IR analysis of organosilicon fluorocarbon resin coating. The experimental results show that the type and amount of silicone resin have great influence on the fluorocarbon coating.

Antifouling properties of PEVE coating modified by BiVO4/BiOIO3 composite photocatalyst

The BiVO4/BiOIO3 composite photocatalyst was synthesized by hydrothermal method. The fluorocarbon resin was modified by the addition of a composite photocatalyst. The results showed that under simulated sunlight, the composite coating with the best performance had a sterilization rate of 90.5%. The EIS and photocurrent measurements indicated that due to the heterostructure that formed and the electric field that formed inside, the recombination rate of photogenerated electron–holes were reduced; Trapping experiments indicated that .OH radicals were the main reactive species for the sterilization process. Additionally, the cycle tests revealed the excellent stability of BiVO4/BiOIO3 composites.

Anti-icing performance of hydrophobic material used for electromechanical drill applied in ice core drilling

AbstractUsing an anti-icing coating to prevent ice accretion on the drill surface is a feasible solution to address the drilling difficulties in warm ice. In this study, four types of commercially available hydrophobic coating materials were tested to evaluate their water repellency and anti-icing properties, namely, a mixture of silica and fluorocarbon resin with polytrifluoroethylene, modified Teflon, silica-based emulsion and an acrylic-based copolymer. Their water contact angles are ~107°, 101°, 114° and 95°, respectively. All these hydrophobic coatings can significantly reduce the strength of the ice adhesion within a temperature range of −10 to −30°C on a planar or curved surface. The coating of an acrylic-based copolymer, in particular, can reduce the average tensile strength and the shear strength of the ice adhesion by 87.08 and 97.11% on planar surfaces at −30°C, and by 98.06 and 96.15% on a curved surface, respectively. The main challenge in the practical application of these coatings is their durability. An acrylic-based copolymer coating will lose its water repellency performance after 140 cycles of abrasion. The shear strength of ice adhered on curved surfaces coated with this material will approach that achieved on uncoated surfaces after 11 cycles of icing and de-icing tests.

Development and Surface State Characterization of a Spacer Waterproof Breathable Fabric

This research reports the designing and the optimization of a waterproof breathable fabric. A new waterproof breathable fabric made by coating a double sided spacer knit with a mixture of an acrylic paste and a fluorocarbon resin is presented. The treated fabric can be used for producing outdoor garments. The surface states of treated samples were characterized by using the assessment of the coating add-on (%), water contact angle (°), surface free energy (mN·m−1), and roughness (mm). The main coating process parameters were studied by using the Box-Behnken experimental design. It was proved that the quantity of acrylic paste (g·m−2) and the reticulation time (min) have the most significant effect on the coating add-on value (%). The surface free energy (mN·m−1) is affected by the three studied factors. Roughness was also evaluated before and after the coating treatment. However, no significant variation in values was noticed. Optimum responses are obtained with 2.71 % of fluorocarbon resin, 412.00 g·m−2 of acrylic paste, and a reticulation time equal to 13.52 minutes. Optimized values for the coating add-on, SFE, and roughness are equal to 79.716 %, 29.17 mN·m−1, and 0.058 mm, respectively.

Multi-stimuli-triggered and self-repairable fluorocarbon organic coatings with urea-formaldehyde microcapsules filled with fluorosilane

For the purpose of overcoming the lack of durability problems associated with superhydrophobic surfaces which hitherto has limited their use; we prepared multi-stimuli wettability response coatings using a mixture of fluorocarbon resin and urea-formaldehyde microcapsules filled with fluorosilane via interfacial polymerization process. The microcapsules are of good thermal stability and can be triggered to release their core content on exposure to atmospheric conditions resulting in the increase in the water contact angle from 97° to 151°. The prepared coatings gave good adhesion strength, and also showed an increase in the hydrophobic property after undergoing scratch, solvent and UV accelerated aging test. In addition, they offered good self-healing of the hydrophobic property after an initial loss due to alkaline immersion and oxygen plasma etching. The electrochemical measurements revealed a remarkable impedance recovery and suppression of corrosion activities, suggesting them to be a potential candidate material for corrosion protection.

Multifunctional Aramid Nanofiber/Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Aerogel Films.

Lightweight, robust, and thin aerogel films with multifunctionality are highly desirable to meet the technological demands of current society. However, fabrication and application of these multifunctional aerogel films are still significantly underdeveloped. Herein, we demonstrate a multifunctional aerogel film composed of strong aramid nanofibers (ANFs), conductive carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and hydrophobic fluorocarbon (FC) resin. The obtained hybrid aerogel film exhibits large specific surface area (232.8 m2·g-1), high electrical conductivity (230 S·m-1), and excellent hydrophobicity (contact angle of up to 137.0°) with exceptional Joule heating performance and supreme electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding efficiency. The FC coating renders the hydrophilic ANF/CNT aerogel films hydrophobic, resulting in an excellent self-cleaning performance. The high electrical conductivity enables a low-voltage-driven Joule heating property and an EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of 54.4 dB in the X-band at a thickness of 568 μm. The specific EMI SE is up to 33528.3 dB·cm2·g-1, which is among the highest values of typical metal-, conducting-polymer-, or carbon-based composites. This multifunctional aerogel film holds great promise for smart garments, electromagnetic wave shielding, and personal thermal management systems.

Enhanced antifouling property of fluorocarbon resin coating (PEVE) by the modification of g-C3N4/Ag2WO4 composite step-scheme photocatalyst

In the complex ocean environment, the attachment of marine creatures to the hull of a ship and to marine infrastructure has been a highly important problem. Ag2WO4 is an effective photocatalytic material and bacteriostatic agent that has seen only limited application due to its lack of optical stability and low quantum yield, necessitating the further development of this material. In this work, a fluorocarbon resin coating (PEVE) is used as the matrix and is modified by g-C3N4/Ag2WO4 composite catalysts. Experimental results show that the modified coating exhibits excellent antibacterial ability and cycle stability under visible light. The Step-scheme heterojunction between g-C3N4 and Ag2WO4 inhibited the recombination of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs in the photocatalyst and enhanced the photocatalytic activity and stability. The presence of g-C3N4 contributes to the formation of the beta (β)-Ag2WO4 metastable phase, and the mechanism contributing to the phase transformation was examined by first-principle calculations for the first time.

Pollutant-accelerated aging behaviors of fluorocarbon coating in tropical marine atmosphere

The aging behavior of polyvinylidene fluoride coatings in a tropical marine atmosphere was studied by natural exposure tests. The surface morphologies, chemical structures, and barrier effects of the coatings after natural weathering were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectra measurements. Grey relational analysis was also performed to establish the relationship between environmental factors and degradation behaviors. It was found that the degradation of the coatings was accelerated, manifesting the breakage of CF bonds after 18 months of exposure at Hainan test site. With the aid of grey relational analysis, temperature, humidity, sunshine duration, and ammonia deposition were the most important factors that greatly affected the aging behaviors of the coatings. Therefore, a two-step degradation mechanism was proposed for the aging process. The first step was the degradation of the acrylic polyurethane resin through the photo-oxidation reactions. The second step was the dehydrogenation and defluorination of the fluorocarbon resin resulting from the ammonia-induced alkaline environment.

Evaluating the Mechanical Properties of Waterproof Breathable Fabric Produced by a Coating Process

The purpose of this research was to evaluate mechanical properties of a waterproof breathable fabric. A spacer knit with a cotton inner face and a polyester (PET) outer face was coated in order to obtain a waterproof breathable fabric. The applied coat was a mixture of an acrylic paste and a fluorocarbon resin. The treated fabric has undergone several tests to evaluate its mechanical properties. Tensile strength, flexural strength, abrasion resistance, and wrinkle recovery behavior were measured and discussed. After the coating treatment, the fabric was rigidified by 25% and 19% in wale and course directions, respectively. The coated PET face of the spacer fabric was not altered even after 125,000 abrasion cycles. A stiffer fabric was obtained after the coating treatment. However, fabric recovery behavior was ameliorated by 78% and 72% according to wale and course directions, respectively. The coated fabric can be used to produce raincoats and jackets.

Fabrication of robust and repairable superhydrophobic coatings by an immersion method

The development and practical application of superhydrophobic coatings are mainly limited by complex fabrication processes and fragile surface structures. Meanwhile, it is difficult to overlay superhydrophobic coatings on the internal surfaces of special shaped constructions. To handle these problems, the simple two-immersion method was adopted and a kind of novel repairable superhydrophobic surface was successfully fabricated with the mixture of fluorocarbon resin and nanometer silicon dioxide. The technological parameters were discussed and a serious of robustness tests were carried out on the optimized coating. The results indicated that the surface maintained superhydrophobic after 1600 cm sandpaper abrasion and still repelled water after 20,000 cm abrasion. Also, water and sand impact tests were put into effect to prove this coating can endure harsher environment. Through further investigation, it was found that this coating had a repairable ability against mechanical damage via simply immersed again. In addition, the coating exhibited ideal properties at different pH levels. As the porous foam test revealed, this superhydrophobic coating is expected to be used on the inner surface of irregular structures.