Fluorine Resin Research Articles

Highly Thermal Stable TATB‐based Aluminized Explosives Realizing Optimized Balance between Thermal Stability and Detonation Performance

AbstractIn this work, a series of TATB‐based aluminized explosives were formulated from 1, 3, 5‐triamino‐2, 4, 6‐trinitrobenzene (TATB), aluminum powders and polymeric binders. The thermal stability, heat of detonation, detonation velocity and pressure of the TATB based aluminized (TATB/Al) explosives were systematically investigated by cook‐off, constant temperature calorimeter, electrometric method and manganin piezo resistance gauge, respectively. The selected PBX‐3 (70 wt% TATB/25 wt% Al/5 wt% fluorine resin) achieved optimized balance between thermal stability and detonation performance, with the thermal runaway temperature around 583 K. The thermal ignition of TATB‐based aluminized explosive occurred at the edge of the cylinder according to the experimental and numerical simulations. Moreover, the critical thermal runaway temperature for PBX‐3 was calculated based on the Semenov's thermal explosion theory and the thermal decomposition kinetic parameters of the explosive, which was consistent with the experimental value.

Effect of Distribution of Fluorine Resin on Hydrophobic Property of Inorganic Coating on Steel Sheet

Covering metal with fluorine resin can create a hydrophobic surface on metals for many applications such as self-cleaning, anti-icing, and corrosion resistance. When fluorine resin is dispersed in a coating, the material's hydrophobicity can be controlled by altering the fluorine resin distribution in the coating. This study investigated fluorine resin dispersion effects on the hydrophobicity of an inorganic coating. The fluorine resin coverage was analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and scanning low-energy electron microscopy （SLEEM）. Hydrophobicity was evaluated by the water contact angle. The contact angle on inorganic coatings in which fluorine resin was dispersed increased concomitantly with increasing amounts of fluorine resin. Furthermore, the surface coverage of the fluorine resin increased as the fluorine resin amount increased, but the coverage was not directly proportional to the resin amount. Results suggest that the fluorine resin is concentrated in the outermost layer of the coatings. The coating hydrophobicity is determined by the fluorine resin coverage on the outermost layer according to Cassie's law. The water contact angle also depends on the drying temperature of the coatings because the fluorine resin spreads in the outermost layer when the coating is dried at a temperature higher than the resin softening point.

Electrocatalysis method for wastewater treatment using a novel beta-lead dioxide anode

A novel β-PbO2 anode modified with fluorine resin was developed for typical pollutant electrocatalytic degradation and wastewater treatment. Various operating parameters such as applied voltage (3.5–10.5 V), pH (2–6), salinity of the electrolyte (0.5–2 g/L K2SO4) and initial phenol concentration (100–400 mg/L) were investigated to explore the electrocatalytic ability of the anode by taking phenol as sample. A preliminary study on dyeing wastewater treatment by this method indicated that the biodegradability could be increased to suit subsequent biological treatment. The stability of the anode has been proved to be high against acidity. The anode showed promising application for treatment of wastewater, especially of high salinity and high acidity wastewater.

Shape Optimization by Flow Simulation of Fluorine Resin Pellets

Shape Optimization by Flow Simulation of Fluorine Resin Pellets

Testing of stacked pancake coils for a cryogen-free 25 T superconducting magnet

A cryogen-free 25-T superconducting magnet with a 52-mm room temperature bore consists of an 11-T REBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ (REBCO) insert coil and outer 14-T lowtemperature superconducting (LTS) coils. The REBCO insert coil is composed of a stack of 56 single pancake coils. The inner and outer diameters of the REBCO insert coil are 102 and 263 mm, respectively, and the total conductor length is about 14 km. The REBCO insert coil is cooled by circulating helium gas using both single-stage and two-stage Gifford-McMahon cryocoolers, and the LTS coils are cooled by two Gifford-McMahon/Joule-Thomson cryocoolers. The maximum hoop stress of the REBCO insert coil was estimated to be 387 MPa when the central magnetic field was 25 T. If thermal runaway occurs in a conduction-cooled system, the REBCO coils will almost certainly be burned out. Therefore, the coil should have no damaged area in the winding because a damaged area would generate heat locally, eventually resulting in thermal runaway. In order to avoid the degradation of the coil due to thermal stress, the coil was divided into all winding parts in the radial direction. In practice, the coil was divided by inserting a polyimide tape coated with a fluorine resin, which has low adhesive strength, into the epoxy resin at every turn. Before fabricating and testing the actual REBCO insert coil, two kinds of coils were fabricated and tested in order to evaluate the validity of the winding method. Two stacked pancake coils wound with REBCO-coated conductors were fabricated and tested in liquid helium with a 4-T background magnetic field in order to evaluate whether the coil could withstand the hoop stress of over 387 MPa. Moreover, we fabricated and tested a demonstration coil which was composed of a stack of four single pancake coils with the same size as the pancake coils used for the REBCO insert coil in order to evaluate whether the coil could withstand the thermal stress and the electromagnetic force.

Electrochemical treatment of papermaking tobacco sheet wastewater on β-PbO2 and Ti/TiO2-RuO2-IrO2 electrodes

β-PbO2 electrode modified with fluorine resin and Ti/TiO2-RuO2-IrO2 electrode exhibited excellent performance in electrochemical treatment of papermaking tobacco sheet wastewater. Most of the organic pollutants and suspended solids could be effectively removed from wastewater under optimized conditions and the main recalcitrant components were converted to biodegradable intermediates. The BOD5/COD ratio of wastewater increased from 0.06 to 0.50 (on β-PbO2) or 0.47 (on Ti/TiO2-RuO2-IrO2), indicating that the effluent was more apt to biological treatment. Therefore, electrochemical oxidation could be employed as a promising pretreatment method for wastewater treatment of papermaking tobacco sheet manufacturers.

Development of underfilling and encapsulation for deep-ultraviolet LEDs

The currently available resins for underfilling and encapsulation are limited to wavelengths longer than approximately 330 nm because almost all resins are decomposed by deep-ultraviolet light. Fluorine resins are possible materials for underfilling and encapsulation in deep-ultraviolet LEDs, and we have investigated methods of underfilling and encapsulation using such resins. Also, their durability at wavelengths of 265 and 285 nm has been studied from the photochemical viewpoint, and we propose a stable amorphous fluorine resin that is optically isotropic. Also, a trial of encapsulation using the resin has been made.

Study on Thermal Stability Properties of Epoxy Matrix/Fluorine and Silicon Composites

Fluorine and silicon resin has excellent thermal stability properties. The thermal stability properties of polymers modified by fluorine and silicon resin can be improved. In this paper, fluorine and silicon resin has been prepared by (1,3,5-tris(trifluoropropylmethyl)-cyclotrisiloxane and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The FTIR spectra and the 1H NMR spectrum showed the structure of fluorine silicon resin. The thermo gravimetric traces indicated that fluorine silicon resin had improved the thermal stability properties of epoxy matrix resin significantly. The temperature of decomposition velocity of unmodified epoxy matrix resin and modified epoxy matrix resin began to increase rapidly were 356oC, 375oC respectively. The final weight fraction of unmodified epoxy matrix resin and modified epoxy matrix resin were 4.6%, 6.5% , respectively. The temperature of the maximum rate of degradation were 398oC, 420oC, respectively.

Development of Acoustic Emission Sensor Based on the 0-3 PZT/P(VDF-TFE) Piezoelectric Composite

In this paper, we produced the 0-3 PZT/P(VDF-TFE) piezoelectric composite film with 80μm thickness using PZT piezoelectric ceramics and fluorine resin P(VDF-TFE) by weight 85/15 ingredients through the hot rolling machine and corona-discharge method. A sensor with 4cm×1.3cm area is designed and produced by using this film. We have carried out the breaking of a pencil lead pressed against an aluminum plate acoustic emission testing. The result shown that the sensor is with fast response and high sensitivity advantage, the sensor can be used as acoustic emission sensor. Meanwhile the sensor is very easy to use due to it is a soft film sensor.

Improved Polishing Performance for Glass by a Novel Suede Pad Utilizing Epoxy Resin

This paper describes newly developed suede pads for final polishing of glass that employ epoxy resin to improve the stagnation properties of the abrasives. From contact and sliding angle measurements on resin films, it was found that epoxy resin exhibited higher hydrophilicity than urethane or fluorine resin. In an attempt to improve the polishing performance of commercially-available polyurethane suede pads, various types of resin films were deposited on them, and glass polishing tests were carried out. It was found that an epoxy-coated pad exhibited a two times higher removal rate than an untreated pad, whereas the fluorine resin coating actually reduced the removal rate. Suede pads containing epoxy resin were then fabricated using a wet solidification method. A Fourier transform infrared analysis indicated that the resin remained in the fabricated pads. The resin containing pads exhibited significantly higher performance than conventional polyurethane suede pads. The removal rate when polishing glass was found to increase with epoxy resin content. The surface waviness was also improved using the new pads. High polishing performance could be maintained even after a 3 h polishing test.

Effects of binders and graphite on the sensitivity of ε-HNIW

In order to optimize formulations of PBX based on Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) and meet the application in mixed explosive, the mold powder of HNIW coated by varied binders was obtained by aqueous suspension technology. Several particle sizes of graphite were added as additive with a 0.5 % mass ratio. The experiment results showed that fluorine resin (FPM) was better than polyurethane and cis-butadiene rubber when the mass percentage of binders was fixed at 4 %. The characteristic height of HNIW/FPM (96/4) mold powder was at 28 cm (2.5 kg hammer), while that of the neat HNIW was at 15 cm merely, and the friction explosion probability fell from 100 to 70 %. The addition of flake graphite with proper grain size would reduce the mechanical sensitivity of HNIW and improved the fluxion property of HNIW-based mold powders. The thermal stability characteristic of HNIW FPM (96/4) and HNIW/FPM/G (96/4/0.5) were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TG) at 10 °C min−1, the peak decomposition temperatures were at 251 and 250 °C, which were closed to that of neat HNIW(249 °C) and also identified superior thermal stability of compound.

High Temperature Oxidation of TiAl Alloys Treated by Fluorine Resin

Surface treatment of γ-TiAl based alloys by the small amounts of halogens leads to the formation the protective Al2O3 scale instead of the fast growing mixed TiO2/(TiO2+Al2O3) scale. The halogens can be applied by ion techniques as well as by spraying or dipping with halogen-containing inorganic and organic compounds. Deposition of the fluorine-containing resin on the surface of TiAl alloys is the easiest way to achieve the best results. This work presents the results of microscopic studies of the oxidation behavior of a Ti-48Al-2Cr and Ti-47Al-6Nb (at.%) alloys non-treated and treated with resin containing amino-fluoride. The oxidation runs were carried out in the temperature range 900-1000°C in pure synthetic air.

S114051 熱変性タンパク質の付着力評価方法の提案([S11405]機素潤滑設計部門 第17回卒業研究コンテスト(5))

With the development of the grill roasted both face of fish, temperature in the grill exceeds 300 -C, and the use of the fluorine resin for grids, which are fish holder in the grill, becomes difficult because of heat resistance. After several uses of these resin grids, cooked fish easily adhere to the grids, and cooked fish surface and body remained on the grids which is new problem as worth outside looking and poor cleaning up. Therefore, it is necessary for grid materials to proof heat and low adhesion between cooked fish surface and grids. As a usual, the maximum adhesion force to peel off a fish from the metal grids, which are basic material for commercial grids, is the parameter to evaluate the surface of grids in the adhesion properties. However, such maximum adhesion force is not able to become basic physical data because it depends on the sequence of the peeling off the fish from grids and the fish has individuality of size and oil amount. One of the variation factors were suggested oil included in fish, therefore, we prepared fish protein water divided from oil by centrifuge. It was important to know actual contact area which was affected for adhesion force. Finally, we introduce energy release ratio calculated from adhesion force divided by contact area. As a result, the standard deviation of average adhesion force decreased from 69.5% to 8.5% to be introduced fish protein water, then, it decreased to 5.7% to be introduced energy release ratio.

CNT混合フッ素樹脂膜の作製および燃料電池への応用

CNT混合フッ素樹脂膜の作製および燃料電池への応用

High Temperature Oxidation of TiAl Alloys Treated by Fluorine Resin

not Available.

Oxidation of TiAl Alloys Coated by Fluorine Resin in SO<sub>2</sub> Containing Atmosphere

There are several ways to improve the oxidation resistance of TiAl alloys. One of them is alloying with elements such as Nb, Ta, W, Si, Ag, Zr or Hf. However, bulk alloying influences the mechanical properties. Surface treatment of TiAl alloys by the small amounts of halogens leads to the formation of the protective alumina scale (“halogen effect”). The halogens can be applied by ion techniques (ion implantation, plasma immersion implantation) but also by spraying or dipping with halogen-containing inorganic and organic compounds. Deposition of the fluorine-containing resin on the surface of TiAl alloys is the easiest way to achieve the best results. SO2 impurity in air significantly influences oxidation behavior of TiAl alloys. In this work the results of the oxidation of a Ti-48Al-2Cr alloy coated with a fluorine-containing resin in the synthetic air and air containing 1% SO2 were presented. The oxidation runs were carried out in the temperature range 800-1000°C.

Research on protection of the architectural glazed ceramics in the Palace Museum, Beijing

Abstract The main damage of architectural glazed ceramics in the Palace Museum was investigated and the photo resistance, thermal resistance of protective materials as well as the protected performance such as hydrophobicity, freeze-thaw resistance, bending and compressive strength of the polymer-applied ceramics was tested. The results showed the main damage of glazed ceramics was the shedding of glaze layer and the change of environmental water and temperature especially subzero was the main reason for the glaze shedding. The photo-resistant and thermal-resistant of protective materials fluorine resin and the compound materials composed mainly of the fluorine resin were better than Paraloid B72 and the compound materials composed mainly of Paraloid B72. The wrapping method was selected for the protection of glazed ceramics and the hydrophobicity, freeze-thaw resistance, bending and compressive strength of the polymer-applied ceramics were improved, especially protected by fluorine resin and the compound materials composed mainly of the fluorine resin. The optimum polymer could penetrate into the damaged seriously glazed ceramics and play a hydrophobic role in the protection. The report will be useful for the preservation of damaged seriously architectural glazed ceramics.

Fabrication and Electrochemical Treatment Application of A Novel Lead Dioxide Anode with Superhydrophobic Surfaces, High Oxygen Evolution Potential, and Oxidation Capability

A novel PbO(2) electrode with a high oxygen evolution potential (OEP) and excellent electrochemical oxidation performance is prepared to improve the traditional PbO(2) electrode, which is modified by changing the microstructure and wetting ability. A middle layer of TiO(2) nanotubes (NTs) with a large surface area is introduced on Ti substrate, and a small amount of Cu is predeposited at the bottom of TiO(2)-NTs. The modification will improve the electrochemical performance by enhancing the loading capacity of PbO(2) and the combination between PbO(2) and Ti substrate. The hydrophilic surface becomes highly hydrophobic by adding fluorine resin. The improved PbO(2) electrode exhibits a similar morphology, surface wetting ability, high OEP, and electrochemical performance with boron-doped diamond film (BDD) electrode. However, the physical resistance of the PbO(2) electrode is much lower than that of BDD, exhibiting higher conductivity. The hydroxyl radical utilization is significantly enhanced, resulting in a higher oxidation rate and higher removal for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.

Reduction of Adhesion between Steel and Grilled Fish Protein with Ultra-Hydrophobic DLC

There is an issue of the fish adhering to the metal grids of grill strongly after grilling fish. Recently, the temperature in a grill equipment is over 500 °C, Fluorine resin coating which has low adhesion property can not endurant at 500 °C. In order to overcome this issue, we proposed a new grill not to adhere a fish with Ultra-Hydrophobic Diamond-like Carbon coating named as UH-DLC coating. UH-DLC coating has high hydrophobicity. We expected this coating to decrease wettability of water including fish protein and contact area, because fish protein includes about 90% water. Contact angle of water on UH-DLC was over 120° at room temperature. After heating at 500 °C for 54 minutes, UH-DLC kept ultra-hydrophobic property. On the other hand, Fluorine resin coating desappeared hydrophobic properties after heating at 500 °C for 54 minutes. It was conducted adhesion test for UH-DLC coating, Fluorine resin coating and no coating grilling rods after the grilling of real fish in a grill equipment by gas. The adhesion force between UH-DLC coating grill rods and real fish was as half as that of no coating grill rods and as much as that of Fluorine resin grill rods. So, we believe that Ultra Hydrophobic Diamond-like Carbon coating has a possibility for the usage as new grilling grids at high temperature.

The Evaluation of Fracture Energy at the Interface between Grilled Fish Protein and Metal

We have a problem of fish adhering to the metal grids of grill during grilling fish strongly. This problem is difficult to be solved because the grids of grill coated the fluorine resin which was used generally could be disintegrated at more than 300 °C. This adhesion mechanism is so complicated phenomena. As a usual, the maximum peeling force to peel off fish from the grids is the parameter to evaluate the adhesion properties of grids. However, such maximum peeling force is not basic data with physical meaning because it depends on the sequence of peeling fish. Therefore we proposed a new evaluation method. We focused on the adhesion of fish protein against a rod specimen. We poured the fish protein on a plate specimen, put a rod specimen on them and heated them in an electric furnace. One minute later, we pulled up an end of the rod specimen in the constant speed. During this experiment, we measured the peeling force and the displacement of the end of the rod specimen. After this experiment, we observed the plate specimen with SEM and EDS to evaluate the contact area at the interface between the rod specimen and denatured fish protein.