Flue Gas Purification Research Articles

Effect of pore formers on properties of tape cast porous sheets for electrochemical flue gas purification

Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (CGO) electrolytes for electrochemical flue gas purification multilayers were fabricated by tape casting and sintering using different types, shapes and sizes of pore formers. The resulting tapes (with thickness of about 400μm) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, gas permeability measurements, mercury porosimetry and pore orientation measurements, to investigate the role of the different pore formers on the properties after sintering at a temperature of 1250°C. Those tapes prepared from different non-spherical pore formers with comparable porosity of about 43%, showed significant differences in gas permeability which could be correlated to an increase in mean pore size and pore connectivity. The degree of pore orientation in the tape casting direction was determined by best-fit ellipse method and a modified linear intercept method and the obtained data were correlated with the corresponding gas permeability.

Molecular Simulation Studies of Flue Gas Purification by Bio-MOF

As a new branch of MOFs which are composed of biocompatible metal ions and organic ligands, bio-metal-organic frameworks (bio-MOFs) have attracted much attention recently. Bio-MOFs feature multiple Lewis basic sites which have strong interaction with CO2 molecules, thus they have great potential in the separation and purification of gas mixtures containing CO2. In this work, molecular simulation studies were carried out to investigate the adsorption and diffusion behaviors of CO2/N2 gas mixtures in bio-MOF-11. Results show that bio-MOF-11 displays excellent adsorption selectivity towards CO2 in CO2/N2 gas mixtures which was dominated by electrostatic interaction between material and CO2. In addition, we found both CO2 and N2 molecules were preferably adsorbed around the pyrimidine ring and exocyclic amino and transferred to the secondary favorable adsorption sites (methyl groups) with increasing pressure. Bio-MOF-11 membranes show superior permeation selectivity, but low permeability for CO2/N2 gas systems. The reason is that the small pores restrict the movement of gas molecules, leading to the observed low permeability. The information obtained in this work can be applied to other theoretical and experimental studies of bio-MOFs adsorbents and membranes in the future.

New “wet type” electron beam flue gas treatment pilot plant

Abstract We describe a new pilot plant for flue gas cleaning by a high energy electron beam. The special feature of this pilot plant is a uniquely designed reactor called VGS® (VIVIRAD Gas Scrubber, patent pending), that allows oxidation/reduction treating flue gas in a single step. The VGS® process combines a scrubber and an advanced oxidation/reduction process with the objective of optimizing efficiency and treatment costs of flue gas purification by electron accelerators. Promising treatment efficiency was achieved for SOx and NOx removal in early tests (99.2% and 80.9% respectively). The effects of various operational parameters on treatment performance and by-product content were investigated during this study.

Process analysis of pressurized oxy-coal power cycle for carbon capture application integrated with liquid air power generation and binary cycle engines

In this paper, the thermodynamic advantage of integrating liquid air power generation (LAPG) process and binary cycle waste heat recovery technology to a standalone pressurized oxy-coal combustion supercritical steam power generation cycle is investigated through modeling and simulation using Aspen Plus® simulation software version 8.4. The study shows that the integration of LAPG process and the use of binary cycle heat engine which convert waste heat from compressor exhaust to electricity, in a standalone pressurized oxy-coal combustion supercritical steam power generation cycle improves the thermodynamic efficiency of the pressurized oxy-coal process. The analysis indicates that such integration can give about 12–15% increase in thermodynamic efficiency when compared with a standalone pressurized oxy-coal process with or without CO2 capture. It was also found that in a pressurized oxy-coal process, it is better to pump the liquid oxygen from the cryogenic ASU to a very high pressure prior to vapourization in the cryogenic ASU main heat exchanger and subsequently expand the gaseous oxygen to the required combustor pressure than either compressing the atmospheric gaseous oxygen produced from the cryogenic ASU directly to the combustor pressure or pumping the liquid oxygen to the combustor pressure prior to vapourization in the cryogenic ASU main heat exchanger. The power generated from the compressor heat in the flue gas purification, carbon capture and compression unit using binary cycle heat engine was also found to offset about 65% of the power consumed in the flue gas cleaning and compression process. The work presented here shows that there is a synergistic and thermodynamic advantage of utilizing the nitrogen-rich stream from the cryogenic ASU of an oxy-fuel power generation process for power generation instead of discarding it as a waste stream.

Regeneration performance and carbon consumption of semi-coke and activated coke for SO2 and NO removal

To decrease the operating cost of flue gas purification technologies based on carbon-based materials, the adsorption and regeneration performance of low-price semi-coke and activated coke were compared for SO2 and NO removal in a simulated flue gas. The functional groups of the two adsorbents before and after regeneration were characterized by a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, and were quantitatively assessed using temperature programmed desorption (TPD) coupled with FTIR and acid–base titration. The results show that semi-coke had higher adsorption capacity (16.2% for SO2 and 38.6% for NO) than activated coke because of its higher content of basic functional groups and lactones. After regeneration, the adsorption performance of semi-coke decreased because the number of active functional groups decreased and the micropores increased. Semi-coke had better regeneration performance than activated coke. Semi-coke had a larger SO2 recovery of 7.2% and smaller carbon consumption of 12% compared to activated coke. The semi-coke carbon-based adsorbent could be regenerated at lower temperatures to depress the carbon consumption, because the SO2 recovery was only reduced a small amount.

ЗАХИСТ НАВКОЛИШНЬОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА ВІД КАНЦЕРОГЕНИХ СМОЛ ПРИ РОЗПАЛЮВАННІ ОПАЛЮВАЛЬНИХ СИСТЕМ

During the design and reconstruction of boiler systems provides for measures that ensure cleaning of flue gases from the ash. Selecting a dust collector may be used depending on the desired degree of purification possible solutions layout. The degree of purification of flue gas from the ash should not be less than 90%. One known method for flue gas cleaning contains a bag filter and flue gas condensation. The composition of flue gas depends on the type of fuel or combustion mode include thousands of compounds. The greatest threat to human health and other living organisms are substances cause cancer. An effective method of purification of flue gas is introduced into the stream of gases of different chemical substances, thereby altering the properties or any flue gases for increasing the degree of purification. This method of treatment is very promising. Condensation ejection filter is designed to condense the cancer-causing tar, which are formed in the ignition, a mixture of low-quality coal fuels, as well as transient. The use of this method of flue gas treatment will allow almost completely rid allow the flow of flue gases from pollutants grupy carcinogens.

Raman Spectroscopic Analysis on the Hydrate Formed in the Hydrate-Based Flue Gas Separation Process in Presence of Sulfur Dioxide and Tetra-n-butyl Ammonium Bromide

In this work, Raman spectroscopic analysis was applied to determine the structures and cage occupancies of the hydrates that formed from the system of flue gas (simulated by carbon dioxide–nitrogen–sulfur dioxide)–sulfur dioxide aqueous solution, and from the system of flue gas–sulfur dioxide containing tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) aqueous solutions (sulfur dioxide mass concentration 0, 1.0, and 7.0 wt%). Comprehensive TBAB (solid, aqueous, and hydrate) Raman spectra were also obtained. The results reveal that when TBAB is used as promoter, both sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide are encaged in the hydrate from systems of flue gas-TBAB solution with low sulfur dioxide concentration (0, 1.0 wt%), whereas in the hydrate from the system of flue gas-sulfur dioxide highly concentrated (7.0 wt%) TBAB solution, sulfur dioxide will be the sole gas guest encaged in the semi-clathrate hydrate. This suggests the sulfur dioxide concentration significantly influences the hydrate cage occupancies and separation selectivity of the hydrate-based technology. A two-stage hydrate-based flue gas purification process is proposed: one aims at desulfurization when sulfur dioxide concentrates to a relatively high level with the solutions recycling and in the other we can remove the sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide simultaneously.

Environmental impacts of a large-scale incinerator with mixed MSW of high water content from a LCA perspective

Large-scale incinerators are applied widely as a result of the heavy burden of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated, while strong opposition is arising from the public living nearby. A large-scale working incineration plant of 1500ton/day was chosen for evaluation using life cycle assessment. It was found that the corresponding human toxicity impacts via soil (HTs), human toxicity impacts via water (HTw) and human toxicity impacts via air (HTa) categories are 0.213, 2.171, and 0.012 personal equivalents (PE), and global warming (GW100) and nutrient enrichment (NE) impacts are 0.002 and 0.001 PE per ton of waste burned for this plant. Heavy metals in flue gas, such as Hg and Pb, are the two dominant contributors to the toxicity impact categories, and energy recovery could reduce the GW100 and NE greatly. The corresponding HTs, HTw and HTa decrease to 0.087, 0.911 and 0.008 PE, and GW100 turns into savings of −0.007 PE due to the increase of the heating value from 3935 to 5811kJ/kg, if a trommel screener of 40mmmesh size is used to pre-separate MSW. MSW sorting and the reduction of water content by physical pressure might be two promising pre-treatment methods to improve the combustion performance, and the application of stricter standards for leachate discharge and the flue gas purification process are two critical factors for improvement of the environmental profile identified in this work.

Разработка и исследование адсорбентов на основе рудных материалов для очистки дымовых газов ТЭС от диоксида серы

Разработка и исследование адсорбентов на основе рудных материалов для очистки дымовых газов ТЭС от диоксида серы

Синтез и исследование гранулированных железомарганцевых конкреций для очистки дымовых газов ТЭЦ от SO2

Синтез и исследование гранулированных железомарганцевых конкреций для очистки дымовых газов ТЭЦ от SO2

Equilibrium solubility of carbon dioxide in aqueous solutions of 3-amino-1-propanol, 4-amino-1-butanol and 5-amino-1-pentanol at low partial pressures

Vapor liquid equilibrium (VLE) data of CO2 solubility in aqueous amine solutions are essential for solving problems associated with flue gas purification. This work presents new VLE data of 3-amino-1-propanol, 4-amino-1-butanol and 5-amino-1-pentanol, respectively. An equilibrium cell, connected to a gas chromatograph was first utilized to measure the partial pressures of CO2 over 2-amino-1-ethanol (MEA). The setup was validated against literature data and is capable of producing reliable and reproducible results. Measurements of CO2 solubility in these primary alkanolamines at two different concentrations (5 molar and 30wt%) were performed at a temperature of 40°C. Results showed that these amines have higher CO2 solubility than MEA, and we found that increasing the chain length increase the solubility of CO2.

Research on Flue Gas Emission Control Technology of Vehicular Pyrolysis Treatment Equipment for Medical Waste

This Thesis introduces the principle and structure of vehicular pyrolysis treatment furnace for medical waste and analyzes two flue gas purification structures of direct purification and coil purification and the effects, existing problems and forming reasons of flue gas emission of aftertreatment underwater aeration quenching structure; purification structure and quenching structure designed based on 3T control theory can control flue gas emission quality effectively and greatly reduce the influence on the environment due to the secondary synthesis of Dioxin and these structures have met national safety and emission standards; flue gas emission technology is a key technology for miniaturization and light-weight trend of pyrolysis treatment equipment for medical waste and a significant technological base for development of pyrolysis treatment car for medical waste.

Study of experimental-industrial design of rotary vortex machine

Comparative assessment of machines by the amount of energy consumed is presented in the paper. For comparison, machines for air purification from dust with the particle size of ~ 3-5 microns were selected. All considered scrubbing machines achieve maximum purification efficiency, but with a different amount of energy spent. A machine with guiding elements reaches maximum purification efficiency with energy consumption by 40% less than a machine with a smooth setting. Testing of industrial design was carried out during purification of gas emissions from cement production ingredients, and purification of flue gases of boiler houses. In both cases using machines not only provided a reduction in dust emissions, but also harmful gas impurities. Dust-gas-air mixture, which has been purified in the rotary vortex machine meets the requirements of state sanitary rules and norms, and may be released into the atmosphere. Testing of the machine has shown that rotary vortex machine with guiding elements, installed on the torus surface provides the purification efficiency of up to 98%, which indicates the usefulness of guiding elements in the rotary vortex machine design. Experiments have shown the appropriateness of using the machine in the technological scheme of gas purification since it provides an effective capture of fine particles.

Biomass combustion for greenhouse carbon dioxide enrichment

Greenhouses in northern climates have a significant heat requirement that is mainly supplied by non-renewable fuels such as heating oil and natural gas. This project's goal was the development of an improved biomass furnace able to recover the heat and the CO2 available in the flue gas and use them in the greenhouse. A flue gas purification system was designed, constructed and installed on the chimney of a wood pellet furnace (SBI Caddy Alterna). The purification system consists of a rigid box air filter (MERV rating 14, 0.3 μm pores) followed by two sets of heating elements and a catalytic converter. The air filter removes the particulates present in the flue gas while the heating elements and catalysers transform the noxious gases into less harmful gases. Gas analysis was sampled at different locations in the system using a TESTO 335 flue gas analyzer. The purification system reduces CO concentrations from 1100 cm3 m−3 to less than 1 cm3 m−3 NOx from 70 to 5.5 cm3 m−3 SO2 from 19 cm3 m−3 to less than 1 cm3 m−3 and trapped particulates down to 0.3 μm with an efficiency greater than 95%. These results are satisfactory since they ensure human and plant safety after dilution into the ambient air of the greenhouse. The recuperation of the flue gas has several obvious benefits since it increases the heat usability per unit biomass and it greatly improves the CO2 recovery of biomass heating systems for the benefit of greenhouse grown plants.

The Development of Profibus/Modbus Gateway in Aluminum Roasting Draught System

In the implementation and design of the industrial control system, due to the difference between various processing equipment manufacturers, the communication protocol is not compatible with the existing systems or equipments that greatly reduce the process operation efficiency and the production efficiency of enterprises. This paper introduces the gateway communication between Siemens S7-400 PLC and the flue gas purification air subsystems in roasting, as well as gives a detailed discussion on communicational gateway board between Profibus-DP and Modbus-RTU, as well as the embedded software development.

Tensile Behavior Stability of Basalt and Polysulfonamide Composites in High-Temperature Flue Gas Purification

This study focused on the basic performance and analysis of a newly developed composite filter media used in high temperature filtration for bag house. It consists of basalt and polysulfonamide fibers. Thermal dimensional stability, heat resistance, air permeability and chemical corrosion resistance were tested to reveal the properties. Based on the experimental results, possible analysis showed that the new filter material had excellent performance in heat resistance, air permeability and acid corrosion.

Purification of flue gas by ionic liquids: Carbon monoxide capture in [bmim][Tf2N

Knowledge of the solubility of carbon monoxide in ionic liquids is important for investigating the potential use of ionic liquids in reactions and gas separations. There is very limited information available on the capacity of ionic liquids to capture CO. The solubility of CO in 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide was investigated experimentally up to temperatures and pressures of 460 K and 10 MPa, respectively. The solubility was shown to be only slightly temperature‐dependent, and the P–T diagram for a constant composition mixture is concave‐downward with a peak in pressure. By comparing the single‐gas solubility results of CO with various other gases in the same ionic liquid, it seems that ionic liquids can potentially be used as gas‐separating media. However, although the single‐gas solubilities vary considerably among some gases, further studies on mixed (multicomponent) gases should be carried out as the presence of other components can influence the solubility of each gas component. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 3886–3891, 2013

Production of a half cell with a LSM/CGO support for electrochemical flue gas purification

Abstract Described herein is the production of a half cell with a strontium-substituted lanthanum manganite/cerium gadolinium oxide support and dense cerium gadolinium oxide electrolyte for electrochemical flue gas purification. The half cells were constructed through tape casting a strontium-substituted lanthanum manganite/cerium gadolinium oxide support and cerium gadolinium oxide electrolyte. The half cells were produced by laminating the support and electrolyte layers followed by sintering. Perfectly flat half cells were constructed with a porous strontium-substituted lanthanum manganite/cerium gadolinium oxide support layer and dense cerium gadolinium oxide electrolyte by adjusting sintering shrinkage at the electrolyte layer and altering the sintering aid.

Extracting phosphorous from incinerated sewage sludge ash rich in iron or aluminum

Ashes from mono-incineration of sewage sludge (ISSA) generally contain high concentrations of phosphorous (P) and can be regarded as secondary P resources. ISSA has no direct value as fertilizer as P is not plant available. The present paper experimentally compares P extraction in acid from two different ISSAs; one rich in Al (67g/kg) and the other in Fe (58g/kg). The difference related to P precipitation at the waste water treatment facilities. Another major difference between the ashes was that flue gas purification products were mixed into the first ash and it contained about 5% activated carbon. The Al rich ash had a significantly higher buffering capacity and required more acid for extraction of P. When acid extraction of P from ISSA is the method for recovery, it is thus beneficial to go back to the waste water treatment facility and e.g. choose Fe for P precipitation rather than Al.Formation of a high amount of gypsum crystals in both ashes after extraction in H2SO4 was seen by SEM–EDX. H2SO4 is the cheapest mineral ash, but the gypsum formation must be taken into account when either finding possibility for using the remaining ash in e.g. construction materials or if the choice is deposition, as the gypsum increases the volume significantly.

Study on Separation Performance of Metal-organic Frameworks with Interpenetration and Mixed-ligand

In our previous work, we have investigated the adsorption selectivity and diffusion selectivity of CH4/H2 in mixed-ligand interpenetrated metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to investigate the effects of interpenetration as well as mixed-ligand on both equilibrium-based and kinetic-based gas mixture separation through Monte Carlo and molecular dy- namics simulations. The potential of this kind of materials in equilibrium-based and kinetic-based separation applications was evaluated. In this work, we extend our previous work to CO2-related mixtures, like CO2/CH4, CO2/N2, and CO2/H2, as there is an urgent need to identify porous materials that can efficiently separate CO2 from mixtures of gases, such as flue gas and natural gas purification. To show a clearer correlation between gas mixture separation ability and material properties, CH4/H2 and CH4/N2 were also selected as the model mixtures to separate. A combined Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simula- tion was carried out in eight MOFs with mixed-ligand and with or without interpenetration. Grand-canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations were employed to calculate the adsorption of mixtures in MOFs studied. Equilibrium molecular dy- namics (MD) simulations were carried out in the canonical (NVT) ensemble to investigate the effects of interpenetration on the diffusion behaviors of mixtures. The adsorption selectivities of mixtures in the selected MOFs were studied in detail. In addition, the diffusion, the permeation selectivities of CH4/H2, CH4/N2, CO2/N2, and CO2/CH4 as well as the CH4 and CO2 permeability through the selected MOF membranes were calculated. We found for all mixtures studied, the permeation selec- tivities in the interpenetrated MOFs are much higher than those in their non-interpenetrated counterparts due to the larger adsorption selectivities in the former, indicating that interpenetration is a good strategy to improve the overall performance of a material as a membrane in separation applications. The knowledge obtained is expected to serve as the guidance for the development of appropriate interpenetrated MOF adsorbents and membranes. Keywords adsorption separation; gas diffusion; membrane-based separation; metal-organic frameworks; molecular simula- tion