Flower Farm Research Articles

Influence of Contingency Recovery Plans on Survival of Horticultural Firms in Naivasha, Kenya

Contingency recovery plan is to contain and minimizes the loss that may be realized by the organization in the future. Horticulture farming activities in Naivasha has been decreasing with many firms closing down their operations and others relocating to other countries such as Ethiopia. For instance, Karuturi flower farm became unsustainable in 2016 and shut down its operations. This is an indicator of an underlying concern, thus, the study sought to assess the influence of contingency recovery plans on survival of horticultural firms in Naivasha. The study was anchored on contingency theory. The study adopted a mixed research methodology. The researcher utilized a descriptive research design. The unit of observation was 195 respondents who included managers, supervisors and the staff. The study used primary and secondary data. Questionnaires were administered to supervisors and staff, while interview guides to the managers. Qualitative data was analyzed thematically while quantitative data using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study results showed that contingency recovery plans and firm survival is positively and significantly related (β=.452 p=0.000). The study concluded that recovery plans and firm survival is positively and significantly related. The study recommended that there is the need to have a disaster recovery team that are always ready for the recovery plans in the organization. Moreover, there is the need to have precautions developed in the organization to minimize the effects of a disaster. A written recovery plan that describes how the organization will respond when disaster or hardship strikes need to be drafted. It is recommended that there should be a time frame developed for the recovery plans in the organization. The communication system for the recovery plans in the organization needs to be effective to ensure smooth sharing of the information. Keywords: Contingency Recovery Plans, survival, horticultural firms, Naivasha, Kenya

Floral Arrangement Collaboration Sharpens Consumer Connection to Locally Grown Flowers

Our statewide floral design training program aimed to raise consumer awareness and appreciation of locally grown fresh flowers and to promote extension floral programs through delivery of workshops and demonstrations. Initially, trainees used artificial rather than fresh flowers, necessitating development of a streamlined floral design project plan. Through collaboration with three flower farmers, we developed a floral design prototype. Our growers produced the flowers based on this model and extension provided registration support and media that facilitated locally grown flowers use in workshops. As a result, we connected 47 consumers directly to our producers. Flower growers felt the project was worthwhile and desire future extension partnerships.

Flower growing firms’ contribution to community water use management in Naivasha Sub County, Kenya

Water is a life necessity and is central to various social, economic and environmental aspects such as sanitation, health, economic growth, species protection, food etc. Companies require water for their production activities and can only thrive where the social, environmental and economic dimensions are well facilitated. Healthy and vibrant communities and environments cannot exist if water management is neglected. In a period of growing environmental concerns, collaborating and working collectively among entities in public sector, private sector and community based organizations to solve environmental problems seems more viable than ever. Naivasha area portrays an interesting case consisting of different formal and informal institutions as it has a long history of formal regulations as well as of self-organized water user groups all aimed at addressing sustainability in the use of water resources. With the observed lax on the authorities end in regulating the utilization of water resources among the diverse users, this study attempted to draw out the role played by flower growing firms in conjunction with the resident communities by examining how their activities affect the water resources available and the counter measures put in place to ensure availability of the resource for both mentioned stakeholders. The study was conducted among four wards in Naivasha Sub-County with the target population and subsequent sample size encompassing both flower growing firms and the residents inhabiting the selected areas. Majority of the residents interviewed confirmed having access to piped water. It was noted that the flower farms relied more on Lake Naivasha and ground water sources in the form of boreholes for their water requirements and made use of constructed wetlands for wastewater disposal and treatment to a larger extent. Waste water disposal systems were however not well developed among the resident communities with unrestricted disposal noted, leading to contamination of the surroundings. Whilst the local authorities confirmed efforts made by the flower growing firms in waste water disposal were efficient, their contribution to local water management efforts was noted to be low with their initiatives barely recognized by the surrounding communities. The study recommended use of low cost techniques among the resident communities in waste water disposal and uptake of well-designed corporate social responsibility codes and standards by the flower growing firms to manage water abstraction while assisting the surrounding communities in their water use management efforts.

Understanding Women's Choices: How Women's Perceptions of Quality of Care Influences Place of Delivery in a Rural Sub-County in Kenya. A Qualitative Study.

Maternal mortality is still unacceptably high in Kenya. The Kenyan Government introduced a free maternity service to overcome financial barriers to access. This policy led to a substantial increase in women's delivery options. This increase in coverage might have led to a reduction in quality of care. This study explores women's perceptions of quality of delivery services in the context of the free policy and how the perceptions lead to the choice of a place for delivery. Our study site was Naivasha sub-County in Kenya, a rural context, whose geography encompasses pastoralists, rural agrarian, and high population density informal settlements near flower farms. Women from this area are from the lowest wealth quintile in Kenya. We conducted a qualitative study to explore the women's perceptions of quality of care based on their experiences during maternity care. The participants were women of reproductive age (18-49years) attending antenatal care clinics at six health facilities in the sub-county. Six focus group discussions with 55 respondents were used. For inclusion, the women needed to have delivered a baby within the six months preceding the study. Interviews were recorded with consent, translated and transcribed. The interviews were analyzed using a thematic content approach. Four broad themes that determined the choice of health facility for delivery were identified: women's perceptions of clinical quality of care; the cost of delivery; distance to the health facility and management of primary health facilities. An unexpected theme was the presence of home deliveries amongst pastoralist women. These findings suggest that in this setting both process and structural dimensions of quality of care and financial and physical accessibility influence women's choices for place of delivery. This study expands our understanding of how women make choices regarding place of delivery. Understanding women's perceptions can provide useful insights to policy makers and facility managers on providing high quality patient centered maternity care necessary to sustain the increased utilization of maternity services at health facilities under the free maternity policy and further reductions in maternal mortality.

ANALISIS PENGETAHUAN KEUANGAN, KEPRIBADIAN DAN SIKAP KEUANGAN TERHADAP PERILAKU MANAJEMEN KEUANGAN

bstract. 
 The role of MSMEs is very dominant in Indonesia's economic growth. The existence and performance of SMEs that are increasingly stretched are not without problems and obstacles. There are several problems including in the financial management behavior of MSME actors. This study aims to analyze the effect of financial knowledge, personality, and financial attitudes on financial management behavior. The population in this study are all flower farmers who are members of the Memayu Jogo Tonggo Cooperative, Kopeng Village Getasan District, Semarang Regency. Data analysis used classical assumptions and multiple regression analysis, t test, F test and coefficient of determination. The results showed that the financial knowledge variable and personality variable had no effect on the financial management behavior variable. The Financial Attitude variable has a positive and significant effect on the Financial Management Behavior variable.

Determination of Physicochemical and Heavy Metals Concentration of Selected Flower Farms in Central Ethiopia

Determination of Physicochemical and Heavy Metals Concentration of Selected Flower Farms in Central Ethiopia

SISTEM AGRIBISNIS TANAMAN HIAS BUNGA (Adenium, Anggrek, dan Mawar) DI KOTA BANDAR LAMPUNG

This study aims to analyze the process of procuring production facilities in accordance with the right six (on time, place, quality, quantity, type, and price), farm performance, the marketing efficiency of the agribusiness system, and the supporting institutions for ornamental flower agribusiness systems at Lampung. This study uses a survey method conducted in the city of Bandar Lampung, namely in Gunung Terang, Gunung Agung and in the Way Halim Permai. Sampling in this study was sixteen respondents taken using a quota sampling technique. Data collection was carried out in September - October 2019. The results showed that the procurement of production facilities of ornamental flower plant farming had fulfilled the right six. Ornamental flower farming in Bandar Lampung is feasible to be cultivated because in farming it has an R / C ratio> 1, that is, the R / C over the total cost of 1.70 of adenium flowers, 2.00 of orchids, and 1.60 of roses. The three ornamental flower plants studied have a profit margin ratio of more than 1 which is 1.41 of the adenium flower, 1.80 of the orchid flower, and 1.81 of the rose flower, which means that the ornamental flower farmers in Bandar Lampung receives profits and no loss. Supporting institutions in the flower plant agribusiness system at the research location are financial institutions, namely banks as financing and borrowing funds, government policies, and transportation. All these supporting institutions are available but have not been used optimally by farmers.Key words: agribusiness system, R/C, profit margin ratio

Work-related risk associated with musculoskeletal disorders amongst flower farm workers in Kenya

Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) are a public concern to social-care and health systems, as well as individuals. Globally, WRMSDs are classified as one of the prevalent causes of disability. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to determine work-related risk associated with musculoskeletal disorders amongst flower farm workers. The secondary objective was to determine the relationship between WRMSD risk over the previous 12 months and socio-demographic characteristics. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. A sample of 270 participants was drawn from 897 farm workers, of which 184 presented with WRMSD as assessed using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Quantitative data were collected using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment questionnaire. Inferential statistics were analyzed using the Pearson's chi-squared test (X2) test and based on an alpha level of p< 0.05. Descriptive statistics were presented using frequencies and percentages. Results: Respondents who reported medium risk were 49 (26.6%), 80 (43.5%) reported high risk while 55 (29.9%) reported very high risk. There was no relationship between WRMSD risk and socio-demographic characteristics. Conclusions: Flower farm workers in Kenya were found to be at risk of sustaining WRMSDs although socio-demographic factors did not play a role in the level of risk. Clinical Implications: The high prevalence of WRMSDs necessitates policy reform in the flower farm industry. Furthermore, the timely identification of potential disorders and the associated risk factors is necessary to ensure early intervention. KEY WORDS: Work-related risk, Work-related musculoskeletal disorders, Farm workers.

Flower Farms Environmental Performance Evaluation in Ethiopia

Cultivation of cut flowers is a new agricultural sector in Ethiopia, which currently generates a high amount of income for the country's developments. Despite its significant contribution to economic developments; many issues were raised from communities and environmentalists concerning its environmental performance. Based on this issue the study assesses cradle to gate of cut flower production in the Wolmera district. The main objective of the study was environmental performance evaluation of flower farms in Wolmera district, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia related to operational activities throughout entire life cycles of cut flower production. In this study, primary and secondary data were collected using ISO 14031 standard structured with LCA tool methodology. Data were collected by inventory using an on-site data collection system from its sources. Based on data collected GHG (CO2, N2O, CH4 & NH3) emissions to the atmosphere were evaluated by using an inter-governmental panel on climatic changes (IPCC 2006) for inventory data and eutrophication & acidification estimated from data tested at laboratory levels. Similarly, the study also assesses banned chemicals used in the farms through inventory data assessment, and about 156 chemicals applied in the farms were collected to screen out those banned chemicals used and the two most extremely hazardous chemicals (Impulse & Meltatix) banned by WHO identified in the study. As it understood from a general assessment of all flower farms; all of them haven't EIA document established before construction in the district and production started with having less attention for EHPEA code of conducts in the flower farms which faces the environments for high impacts by emission emitted from flower farms in the district as a whole.

Lake Qooqa as a Narrative: Finding Meanings in Social Memory (A Narrative Inquiry)

Lake Qooqa in Oromia/Ethiopia started out as a man-made lake back in the 1960s, formed by the damming of the Awash River and other rivers for a practical function, i.e., for hydroelectric power. The lake flooded over the surrounding picturesque landscape, shattered sacred sites and the livelihoods of the Siiba Oromo, and damaged the ecosystem in the area, which was later resuscitated to have an aesthetic function for tourists. Available sources showed that people used the lake for irrigation, washing, fishing, and drinking, while tanneries, flower farms, and manufacturing facilities for soap and plastic products were set up along the banks without enough environmental impact assessment and virtually with no regulations on how to get rid of their effluents, which contained dangerous chemicals such as arsenic, mercury, chromium, lead, and cadmium, giving the lake a blue and green color locally called bulee; hence, the name the “Green Lake”. In the present study, following a string of “narrative turns” in other disciplinary fields of humanities and social sciences (folklore, history, and anthropology), I use social memory and life hi/story narratives from Amudde, Arsi, Oromia/Ethiopia, to consider a few methodological and theoretical questions of folkloric and ecological nature in doing a narrative study: What is social memory? What does social memory reveal about the people and the environment in which they live? Is a personal narrative story folklore? Where do stories come from? What should the researcher do with the stories s/he collected? Hence, this study aims to tackle two objectives: first, using social memory data as a means to connect social identity and historical memory set in a social context in which people shape their group identity and debate conflicting views of the past, I explore the Green Lake as a narrative, which is, in its current situation, a prototypical image of degradation and anthropogenic impacts, and trace trajectories and meanings of social memory about the shared past, i.e., the historical grief of loss that people in the study area carry in their memory pool. Second, toward this end, I use people’s stories from the research site, particularly Amina’s story about the loss of seven members of her family from complications related to drinking the polluted water, as evidence to show, sharing Sandra Dolby Stahl’s claim, that the narrative of personal experience belongs in folklore studies to the established genre of the family story.

Exclusive breastfeeding among working mothers in Kenya: Perspectives from women, families and employers.

Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first 6 months of life improves survival, growth and development. In Kenya, recent legislation and policies advocate for maternity leave and workplace support for breastfeeding and breast milk expression. We conducted a qualitative study to describe factors influencing EBF for 6 months among mothers employed in commercial agriculture and tourism. We interviewed employed mothers (n = 42), alternate caregivers and employed mothers' husbands (n = 20), healthcare providers (n = 21), daycare directors (n = 22) and commercial flower farm and hotel managers (n = 16) in Naivasha, Kenya. Despite recognizing the recommended duration for EBF, employed mothers describe the early cessation of EBF in preparation for their return to work. Managers reported supporting mothers through flexible work hours and duties. Yet, few workplaces have lactation spaces, and most considered adjusting schedules more feasible than breastfeeding during work. Managers and healthcare providers believed milk expression could prolong EBF but thought mothers lack experience with pumping. The most frequently suggested interventions for improving EBF duration were to expand schedule flexibility (100% of groups), provide on‐site daycare (80% of groups) and workplace lactation rooms (60% of groups), improve milk expression education and increase maternity leave length (60% of groups). Returning to work corresponds with numerous challenges including lack of proximate or on‐site childcare and low support for and experience with milk expression. These factors currently make EBF for 6 months unattainable for most mothers in these industries. Interventions and supports to improve breastfeeding upon return to work are recommended to strengthen employed mothers' opportunity for EBF.

ANALYSIS OF VALUE CHAIN CRISAN CUTTING INTEREST (Case Study of Chrysanthemum Cut Flower Farmer Group in Sidomulyo Village, Batu District, Batu City)

This study aims to analyze the value chain of chrysanthemum cut flower farmers. The object of this research is located in Sidomulyo Village, Kec. Batu, Stone Town. This research was conducted on 34 respondents of chrysanthemum cut flower farmers using the census method. Data analysis using the Value Chain Analysis method by Kaplinsky and Morris. The results of this study indicate that the chrysanthemum cut flower farmer groups in the village of Sidomulyo have a value chain, namely, collectors (Florist) → Event Organizer / Florist. Value Chain Mapping shows that all activities in the production of sudan chrysanthemum cut flowers are quite optimal, but there are 2 points that are lacking in outbound logistics and supporting activities in Product Segment Determination and Key Market Success Factors. Chrysanthemum cut flowers are influenced by price, constraints on delivery, packaging, flexibility and innovation

Unleashing the Political Economy of Land Expropriation in Ethiopia, beyond the Rhetoric: Flower Farms’ in Amhara Region in Focus

Abstract The recognition of commercial agricultural investment unfolded the allocation of land to investors for the production of different cash and food crops in Ethiopia. But anti-expropriation voices and subsequent vandalizing of investment sites have been mushroomed and become far reminder occasions in Ethiopia. This study, thus, tried to uncover the Political-Economy of land expropriation in Ethiopia: a focus on flower farms in Amhara region. A mixed research design was employed by involving primary and secondary sources of data gathered via interview, focused group discussion, questionnaire and document review. Then, the data were presented, analyzed and interpreted through statistics-by-themes and side-by-side jointly. In the study, land expropriation was carried out without genuine public consultation, ascertaining popular consent and written notification. And, compensation was paid to evictees albeit the valuation process was full of uncertainty and jumping. Moreover, flower farms have negatively affected the livelihood and food security of peasants, which in turn brought violence, tenure insecurity and strained government-society relations. This indicated that the expansion of commercial farming was not made vis-à-vis empowering the displaced people. Thus, evictees should be part of the development process for the sustainability and success of farms.

ANALISIS PENDAPATAN DAN PERLINDUNGAN HAK-HAK BURUH TANI HARIAN LEPAS (BTHL) DI KAB. KARO SUMATERA UTARA

This study aims at seeing and learning the income of the Daily Lepas Farmer (BTHL) as well as the protection carried out by the Regional Government for the BTHL. This research was carried out in Berastagi Subdistrict, Karo Regency and the method used is qualitative by collecting data from interviews, field observations, literary studies, mass media, and documentation.The results of the research show that the income levels of Vegetable Farmers () BTSy, Fruit Farmers (BTBb) and Flower Farmers (BTBg) show differences that are not too high. The average result, BTSy income is Rp. 2,375,000 - BTBb of Rp. 2,556,700, - BTBg of Rp. 2,450,762, - (rounding off). The BTSy average income is Rp. 2,375,000, - (100.00) which consists of Main income of Rp. 1,800,750, - (75.82%), from the main part-time additional income of Rp. 410,000, - (17.26%) and part-time income of Rp. 164,245, - (06.92%).The average BTBb income source is Rp. 2,556,700, - (100.00) which consists of main income of Rp. 2,236,601, - (87.48%), the main part-time income of Rp. 231,669, - (09.06%) and non-agricultural side income of Rp. 111,570, - (04.37%) BTBg revenue of Rp. 2,450,762, - (100.00) consisting of Main income of Rp. 2,001,924, - (81.69%), income from main part time Rp. 331,669, - (13.53%) and side income from outside agriculture is Rp. 117,169, - (04.78%).The protection that is carried out by the Karo Regency Government for casual daily laborers in accordance with Article 99 (1) is only implemented in the Family Planning service while Child Care and the creation of a Labor Settlement are only at the planning stage. Protection as referred to in Law Number 24 of 2011 concerning Social Security Administering Bodies (BPJS), both Health Insurance and Employment Security for Casual Daily Farm Workers (BTHL) who work for companies and have not regulated BRHL working in individual or household businesses.

ANALISIS PENDAPATAN DAN PERLINDUNGAN HAK-HAK BURUH TANI HARIAN LEPAS (BTHL) DI KAB. KARO SUMATERA UTARA

This study aims at seeing and learning the income of the Daily Lepas Farmer (BTHL) as well as the protection carried out by the Regional Government for the BTHL. This research was carried out in Berastagi Subdistrict, Karo Regency and the method used is qualitative by collecting data from interviews, field observations, literary studies, mass media, and documentation.The results of the research show that the income levels of Vegetable Farmers () BTSy, Fruit Farmers (BTBb) and Flower Farmers (BTBg) show differences that are not too high. The average result, BTSy income is Rp. 2,375,000 - BTBb of Rp. 2,556,700, - BTBg of Rp. 2,450,762, - (rounding off). The BTSy average income is Rp. 2,375,000, - (100.00) which consists of Main income of Rp. 1,800,750, - (75.82%), from the main part-time additional income of Rp. 410,000, - (17.26%) and part-time income of Rp. 164,245, - (06.92%).The average BTBb income source is Rp. 2,556,700, - (100.00) which consists of main income of Rp. 2,236,601, - (87.48%), the main part-time income of Rp. 231,669, - (09.06%) and non-agricultural side income of Rp. 111,570, - (04.37%) BTBg revenue of Rp. 2,450,762, - (100.00) consisting of Main income of Rp. 2,001,924, - (81.69%), income from main part time Rp. 331,669, - (13.53%) and side income from outside agriculture is Rp. 117,169, - (04.78%).The protection that is carried out by the Karo Regency Government for casual daily laborers in accordance with Article 99 (1) is only implemented in the Family Planning service while Child Care and the creation of a Labor Settlement are only at the planning stage. Protection as referred to in Law Number 24 of 2011 concerning Social Security Administering Bodies (BPJS), both Health Insurance and Employment Security for Casual Daily Farm Workers (BTHL) who work for companies and have not regulated BRHL working in individual or household businesses.

Declines in an Augur Buzzard Buteo augur Population in a Region of Increasing Human Development

As with many areas in Africa, Kenya has witnessed rapid human development in recent decades, including an increase in urbanization and an intensification of agriculture. The impact of these land use changes on wildlife populations have, however, rarely been examined. The Augur Buzzard is a widespread raptor species, thought to adapt relatively well to human alterations of habitat. In this study, we explore trends in Augur Buzzard (Buteo augur) territory occupancy over nearly two decades around Lake Naivasha, Kenya, in relation to land-use changes, particularly expansion in human housing and flower farms. We hypothesized that these changes would cause population declines in this species within our study area. Using remote-sensed satellite imagery, we found that human development (agriculture and human settlement) increased from 9 to 24% of the study area from 1995 to 2014. We found a 47% decline in active territories over this same time period, representing an annualized decline of 3.1%. Based on the length of three generations this would qualify this species to be uplisted to at least Vulnerable in our study area, raising our concerns that the same pattern may be occurring across the species’ range. We then explored whether abandonment of individual territories was associated with either (i) the current amount or (ii) the change in human development within a range of buffer circles of varying radii (0.1–5.0 km). Contrary to our expectations, no associations were found between human development and territorial abandonment, and thus we could not attribute specific territorial abandonment to these broad scale anthropogenic land cover changes. We encourage further research to investigate whether territorial abandonment may be associated with either finer resolution (habitat specific) changes, or sources of direct mortality, for example human persecution or electrocutions. These factors might explain the decline in this population better than broader scale increases in anthropogenic land cover.

Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders amongst flower farm workers in Kenya

BackgroundWork-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are a global public concern for health and social-care systems, as well as individuals. They are the second-most prevalent cause of disability globally.ObjectivesThe primary objective was to determine the prevalence of WMSDs amongst flower farm workers. The secondary objective was to determine the association between the socio-demographic characteristics and the presence of WMSDs in the previous 12-month period.MethodA cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. A sample of 270 participants was drawn from 897 farm workers. Quantitative data related to musculoskeletal disorders were collected using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). Descriptive statistics were undertaken using frequencies and percentages. Inferential statistics were analysed using a chi-squared test (X2) based on an alpha level of p < 0.05.ResultsA total of 184 (68.1%) respondents reported musculoskeletal discomfort. Amongst the 184 respondents, 178 were performing general farm work. Most 103 (38.1%) of the WMSDs were reported in the lower back. There was a strong association between job designation as a general worker (p = 0.016), an older age (p = 0.027) and having worked for a long time as a farm worker (p = 0.041) and WMSDs.ConclusionFlower farm workers in Kenya were found to be heavily burdened by WMSDs. Furthermore, the job designation, older age, as well as having worked for a long time, predisposes workers to the risk of developing WMSDs.Clinical implicationsThe high prevalence of WMSDs necessitates policy reform in the flower farm industry.

Analysis of Physicochemical Parameters in Wastewater and Heavy Metals in Soils of Flower Farms in Ethiopia

Analysis of Physicochemical Parameters in Wastewater and Heavy Metals in Soils of Flower Farms in Ethiopia

Low levels of knowledge and practice of occupational hazards among flower farm workers in southwest Shewa zone, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional analysis

BackgroundOver the last decade, flower farms have been rapidly growing in Ethiopia. Following the advent and development of the sector, various work-related chemical, biological, physical, psychosocial, and ergonomic hazards have been emerging unacceptably, with increased risks of exposures for workers and local communities. However, evidence that describes knowledge and prevention practice of occupational hazards among flower farm workers in the country is little documented. The knowledge and safety practice of occupational hazards among flower farm workers in Ethiopia were explored in the current study.MethodsA cross-sectional survey of 471 flower farm workers was implemented from March to April 2017. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select the eligible participants. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data, and the data were entered in to Epi Info program version 7 and analyzed by SPSS program version 20. Bivariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate significance of associations at < 0.05 p-values.ResultsA total of 451 flower farm workers were interviewed with a response rate of 95.7%. The majority, 72.1% (N = 325) were females. Mean age was 24.1 (SD + 6.5) years. About 39.2% (N = 177) of the participants had good knowledge on occupational hazards. The level of safety practice was 26.6% (N = 120). The level of knowledge on occupational hazards was affected by level of education [AOR: 20.03;95% CI (16.30,23.75)], work experience [AOR: 5.97; 95% CI (4.22,7.72)], and type of employment [AOR: 5.35; 95% CI (2.50,8.19)], whereas the level of safety practice was influenced by regular use of personal protective equipment (PPE) [AOR:17.53;95% CI (13.36,21.71)], level of knowledge [AOR: 7.29; 95% CI (3.87,10.73)], and provision of appropriate PPE [AOR: 4.59; 95% CI (2.34,8.86)].ConclusionThis study revealed the levels of knowledge and safety practice towards occupational hazards were low. The knowledge on occupational hazards was significantly affected by the level of education and duration of employment. Moreover, the use of PPE and level of knowledge considerably influenced safety practice. Therefore, we recommend employers to ensure that workplace health and safety programs account for workers’ level of education and work experience. It is also pivotal to provide workers witha suitable PPE and instructions on its use, and to arrange safety communication in the local languages at the relevant workplaces.

Exploring the Traditional Farming Culture and Improving the Local Cultural Confidence: Solving the Problem of Rural Tourism Homogenization

Since the rise of rural tourism in China in the 1980s, the natural conditions have mainly been relied on to develop such tourism projects as flower appreciation, fruit picking, fishing, and farm foods focusing on agricultural sightseeing and experiencing the rural life, which has long ignored the cultural attributes of rural tourism, resulting in the serious homogenization of rural tourism. The author believes that exploring traditional farming culture and improving local cultural self-confidence are the effective ways to solve the problem of rural tourism homogenization, to achieve the general requirements of agricultural and rural development in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China on ‘industrial prosperity, ecological livability, rural civilization and affluent life’, and to promote rural revitalization.