Partially thrombosed intracranial aneurysms (PTIAs) are rare, complex, and have a distinct natural history compared with non-thrombosed aneurysms. PTIAs show increased rates of recurrence despite angiographic intraluminal occlusion following endovascular treatment (EVT). Our single-center experience, along with a systematic review, identifies presenting features, rates of angiographic occlusion, complications, recurrence, and retreatment. A single-center retrospective review of consecutive patients with PTIA using imaging-based inclusion criteria was performed. Rates of angiographic occlusion, complications, recurrence, and retreatment were evaluated. In conjunction, a systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols) guidelines through PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar searches for studies on EVT of PTIA. After pooling patients undergoing EVT, presenting features and rates of occlusion and retreatment were assessed. Between 2018 and 2023, 22 PTIAs met imaging-based inclusion criteria. Eighteen underwent EVT: four coiling, two stent-assisted coiling, 11 flow diversion (FD), and one FD-assisted coiling. Mass effect was the most common symptom to herald diagnosis (8/18, 44.4%). Of 12 patients with adequate follow-up, 58% had near-complete or complete occlusion, 22% recurred, and 22% were retreated. For the systematic review, a total of 12 retrospective studies were included. In pooled analysis (n=259), including the present series, complete occlusion was achieved in 62%, 80%, 78%, and 100% for coiling±stent, Woven EndoBridge (WEB), FD, and parent vessel occlusion (PVO), respectively. Retreatment occurred in 51%, 54%, 15%, and 3% with coiling±stent, WEB, FD, and PVO, respectively. PTIAs have a complex pathogenesis, poor natural history, and often undergo retreatment. The results suggest FD to be an increasingly utilized treatment option. Coil±stent and the WEB device appear to have poorer outcomes and higher retreatment rates. If able to tolerate, PVO remains a viable option with high occlusion and low retreatment rates.

Background: Giant cavernous internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms present with therapeutic challenges, especially if associated with a persistent primitive trigeminal artery (PPTA). Although flow diverters (FDs) are commonly used, the PPTA can maintain collateral inflow to the aneurysm sac, preventing complete thrombosis. Case Description: A 74-year-old woman presented with progressive oculomotor nerve palsy and visual decline. High-flow external carotid-middle cerebral artery bypass with distal ICA occlusion beyond the aneurysm was performed. The bypass remained patent without infarction, and partial aneurysm thrombosis occurred, whereas PPTA flow was preserved. Conclusion: This case emphasizes the importance of individual microsurgical strategies if FD treatment may be ineffective due to complex embryonic vascular anatomy.

Although high-resolution conebeam CT (HR-CBCT) is used for immediate evaluation of stent apposition, studies using this technique to evaluate flow diverter (FD) endothelialization during follow-up are limited. The study aims to investigate the potential of HR-CBCT in assessing FD endothelialization and identify factors influencing poor endothelialization. The clinical and imaging data of patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) treated by FDs from March 2019 to October 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. HR-CBCT was used for immediate evaluation of stent apposition, and FD endothelialization at 3, 6, and 12 months postimplantation was evaluated by using HR-CBCT and digital subtraction angiography. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with poor endothelialization. Among 402 FDs implanted for 446 aneurysms in 378 patients, 41 showed incomplete stent apposition (ISA) in postimplantation HR-CBCT scans. The aneurysm-occlusion rate at 12 months postimplantation was 84.8% (378/446), with 8.7% (35/402) of the FDs exhibiting in-stent stenosis (ISS). At 12 months postimplantation, 343 (85.1%) FDs showed good endothelialization, while 59 (14.9%) exhibited poor endothelialization. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified age ≥60 years (OR = 2.209; 95% CI, 1.053-4.635; P = .04), a large aneurysm lumen inflow angle (OR = 1.102; 95% CI, 1.071-1.135; P < .001), parent artery excessive tortuosity (OR = 9.402; 95% CI, 1.141-77.479; P = .04), and ISA (OR = 10.967; 95% CI, 4.290-28.035; P < .001) as independent risk factors for poor endothelialization. HR-CBCT can accurately evaluate FD endothelialization and ISS of UIAs after FD implantation. Age ≥60 years, a large aneurysm lumen inflow angle, parent artery excessive tortuosity, and ISA are independent risk factors for poor endothelialization.

These studies were carried out in the context of solar-chromosphere heating and solar-wind generation. We aim to explore granulation-generated, two-fluid waves and flows in the solar atmosphere permeated by a solar magnetic carpet. Three-dimensional (3D) numerical experiments were performed with the use of the JOANNA code, to solve two-fluid equations for ions+electrons and neutrals treated as two separate interacting fluids. We assumed that the plasma is hydrogen and initially described by a hydrostatic state supplemented by the Saha equation. Two model cases were considered: (a) two-fluid equations with ionisation, recombination and radiation switched on; and (b) ideal two-fluid equations. We find that the granulation-generated perturbations in a two-fluid regime and a partially ionised solar chromosphere result in the self-consistent evolution of waves, flows, and the ionisation ratio in the chromosphere and the low corona. In particular, as a result of radiative cooling and recombination as well as jets, which inject partially ionised plasma, the number of neutrals increases in the low corona, and the Fourier spectrum of the excited waves shows some level of convergence to the observational data. Compared to previous findings, ionisation, recombination and radiation result in a larger movement upwards of the transition region, whereas in the idealised case the transition region essentially does not experience its vertical shift by the developed granulation. We infer that 3D effects and the ionisation and recombination operating simultaneously with radiation play a role in evolution of the solar atmosphere, affecting, among a diversity of phenomena, granulation-excited waves, flows, jets, and ionisation levels.

The Turkestan ground-jay (Podoces panderi), a corvid endemic to Central Asia's deserts and steppes, exemplifies how extreme environments drive speciation. Our study provides the first comprehensive high-resolution genomic analysis of this species, using complete mitochondrial genomes (49 individuals) to decode its population structure and demographic past. Our analyses revealed three highly divergent genetic clusters with strong geographic structure. The P. p. iliensis population (Cluster_3) showed particularly pronounced genetic distinctiveness, with significant differentiation from P. p. panderi (Cluster_2 and Cluster_1) populations. This clear genetic separation supports the taxonomic validity of P. p. iliensis as a distinct evolutionary lineage. Demographic reconstruction indicated that Cluster_2 likely represents the ancestral group, with subsequent southward expansion into the Karakum region. The isolated P. p. iliensis population exhibited signatures of long-term isolation, including reduced genetic diversity and absence of recent gene flow with other clusters. These results provide strong evidence that P. p. iliensis represents a distinct evolutionary unit. The genetic structuring into three clusters reflects historical isolation in desert refugia during Pleistocene climatic fluctuations. Notably, we detected asymmetric gene flow among three clusters. These findings redefine P. panderi as a model for desert adaptation, where climatic extremes forged genetic fragmentation amid limited dispersal. Beyond taxonomy, our work highlights how aridification sculpted biodiversity in Asia's interior, urging conservation attention for these evolutionarily distinct lineages.

Currently available invitro benchtop aneurysm models often lack material characteristics for testing the efficacy of endovascular devices. Specifically, current models do not represent the mechanical instability of giant aneurysms and do not predictably rupture under simulated physiological conditions. Hence, invitro aneurysm models with biomechanically relevant material properties and a predictable rupture timeframe are needed to accurately assess the efficacy of new medical device treatment options. A 3D-printed giant aneurysm model was developed that can predictably rupture in 2 h when left untreated under physiological conditions to test hemodynamic effects of endovascular treatments. Aneurysm treatment simulations included flow diverter-only treatment, flow diverter with synthetic thrombus treatment, and flow diverter with liquid embolic treatment, ran in parallel with untreated controls. The flow diverter only treatment ruptured in 47 (±41) min as compared to 54 (±30) min for controls (p value = 0.36). The flow diverter with synthetic thrombus treatment ruptured in 22 (±16) min as compared to 19 (±10) min for controls (p value = 0.71). The flow diverter with liquid embolic treatment ruptured in 61 (±27) min as compared to 35 (±17) min for controls (p value = 0.16). Utilizing physiological benchtop invitro models, aneurysm rupture can be repeatedly predicted to test the efficacy of medical device treatments. Further studies will investigate the optimization of the engineered aneurysm dome defect with tunable rupture times based on the measurable pressure and flow effects. These optimized invitro models could ultimately evaluate aneurysm rupture risk and location after treatment.

Introduction: Endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms is associated with a risk of thromboembolic complications. Most of these events are clinically silent and identified only on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (e.g., eptifibatide) are widely used during percutaneous coronary interventions, but their role in preventing ischemic injury during neurointerventional procedures has not been fully studied. We investigated the incidence of DWI lesions after aneurysm treatment with flow diversion performed using intraoperative eptifibatide rather than dual anti-platelet pre-treatment. Methods: Data were derived form a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained cerebrovascular data base. 50 consecutive adult patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms who were pre-treated with ASA monotherapy and underwent flow-diversion with intraoperative eptifibatide were included. DWI scans were obtained within 72 h after all interventions. Demographic, aneurysmal, procedural, and post-procedural characteristics were analyzed using univariate regression and multivariable Firth's penalized logistic regression (including variables with p &lt; 0.05). A random-effects meta-analysis compared the rate of DWI lesions in this population with rates reported in prior flow-diverter studies in which patients were pre-treated with standard dual anti-platelet (DAPT) regimens. Results: Fifty consecutive patients (mean age 52.9 years; 90% female) were included (2024-2025). Higher (&gt; mean) fluoroscopy time (OR 15.42, 95% CI 2.64–90.00, p = 0.002), higher (&gt; mean) fluoroscopy dose (OR 6.88, 95% CI 1.35–34.97, p = 0.020), and ASA/Plavix DAPT regimen (OR 9.33, 95% CI 1.05–82.78, p = 0.045) were significantly associated with DWI lesion occurrence. None of the variables was an independent predictor of DWI lesions based on multivariate analysis. The incidence of DWI lesions was 8/50 (16%). No neurological or peripheral hemorrhagic events were observed. Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. The overall pooled incidence of DWI lesions was 56% (95% CI: 32%–77%). The rate of DWI lesions in our cohort was significantly lower than in the pooled cohort (OR = 0.11, 95% CI = [0.043–0.24], p &lt; 0.001) and seven of the eight individual cohorts (all p≤0.002). Conclusions: Intraoperative eptifibatide may decrease the incidence of DWI lesions during flow diversion procedures without increasing the risk for hemorrhagic complications.

Surface modifications may improve procedural safety of flow diverter (FD) treatment, but larger studies are rare. This multicenter study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of unruptured aneurysm treatment with surface-modified and coated FDs. Patients treated with the following FDs at 8 neurovascular centers were retrospectively reviewed: Pipeline Vantage Embolization Device, Pipeline Flex with Shield Technology, FRED X, p48/64 HPC, Derivo Embolization Device (DED), and DED 2heal. Aneurysm characteristics, procedural details, and angiographic results were evaluated in detail. A total of 511 patients with 545 aneurysms were included (mean aneurysm size: 8.2 ± 5.5mm, 12% posterior circulation, 14% non-saccular morphology). Multiple FDs were used in 26/515 (5%) procedures and adjunctive coiling in 76 (15%). Thromboembolic events occurred in 40 (7.8%) cases, including 9 (1.7%) major ischemic events, 20 (3.9%) minor ischemic events and 11 (2.1%) asymptomatic/technical events. Non-saccular aneurysm morphology (p = 0.014) and use of multiple FDs (p = 0.025) favored thromboembolic events. Hemorrhagic events occurred in 5 (1.0%) cases, of which 3 were symptomatic. The combined morbidity and mortality rate was 11/515 (2.1%). Complete and adequate occlusion rates were 66% (196/297) and 80% (238/297) at 6 months, respectively, and 70% (64/92) and 85% (78/92) at 12 months, respectively. The present study demonstrates high safety and efficacy for coated or surface-modified FDs. Whether the surface modifications confer a clinical benefit needs to be addressed in comparative studies.

Stent-assisted coiling (SAC) and flow diverters (FDs) are common endovascular treatments for intracranial bifurcation aneurysms. However, studies comparing FDs and SAC were scarce. Thus, we performed a two-center, propensity score matched (PSM) cohort study to compare the FDs and SAC devices for intracranial bifurcation aneurysms. Consecutive patients with intracranial bifurcation aneurysms were treated with FDs or SAC at two advanced stroke centers were enrolled in the study. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to adjust for demographic and aneurysm characteristics. The perioperative and midterm follow-up outcomes were compared between the two devices. A total of 131 patients with 131 intracranial bifurcation aneurysms were included. After PSM, 66 aneurysms treated with the FDs and SAC were matched (n = 33 in each group). At a median follow-up of 6-7 months, significant differences were observed in procedure time (105.00min vs. 155.00min, p < 0.001), rate of complete aneurysm occlusion (60.6% vs. 93.9%, p = 0.001) between the FDs and SAC group. There were no statistical differences in total perioperative complications (3.0% vs. 9.1%, p = 0.302), in-stent stenosis (9.1% vs. 9.1%, p = 1.000), device-related challenges (3.0% vs. 6.1%, p = 0.555) and follow-up mRS score of 3-5 (3.0% vs. 3.0%, p = 1.000) between the FDs and SAC group. Compared with SAC, FDs provide a comparable rate of perioperative and clinical outcomes in unruptured intracranial bifurcation aneurysms. Nevertheless, a better occlusion status in the SAC group needs to be further verified over a longer follow-up period.

Declining recovery factors from mature oil fields, coupled with the technical challenges of recovering residual oil under harsh reservoir conditions, necessitate the development of advanced enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques. While promising, chemical EOR often faces economic and technical hurdles in high-salinity, high-temperature environments where conventional polymers like hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) degrade and fail. This study presents a comprehensive numerical investigation that addresses this critical industry challenge by applying a rigorously calibrated simulation framework to evaluate a novel hybrid EOR process that synergistically combines an ionic liquid (IL) with HPAM polymer. Utilizing core-flooding data from a prior study that employed the same Berea sandstone core plug and Saudi medium crude oil, supplemented by independently measured interfacial tension and contact angle data for the same chemical system, we built a core-scale model that was history-matched with RMSE &lt; 2% OOIP. The calibrated polymer transport parameters—including a low adsorption capacity (~0.012 kg/kg-rock) and a high viscosity multiplier (4.5–5.0 at the injected concentration)—confirm favorable polymer propagation and effective in -situ mobility control. Using this validated model, we performed a systematic optimization of key process parameters, including IL slug size, HPAM concentration, salinity, temperature, and injection rate. Simulation results identify an optimal design: a 0.4 pore volume (PV) slug of IL (Ammoeng 102) reduces interfacial tension and shifts wettability toward water-wet, effectively mobilizing residual oil. This is followed by a tailored HPAM buffer in diluted formation brine (20% salinity, 500 ppm), which enhances recovery by up to 15% of the original oil in place (OOIP) over IL flooding alone by improving mobility control and enabling in-depth sweep. This excellent history match confirms the dual-displacement mechanism: microscopic oil mobilization by the IL, followed by macroscopic conformance improvement via HPAM-induced flow diversion. This integrated simulation-based approach not only validates the technical viability of the hybrid IL–HPAM flood but also delivers a predictive, field-scale-ready framework for heterogeneous reservoir systems. The work provides a robust strategy to unlock residual oil in such challenging reservoirs.

Understanding how nanocomposite gels regulate pore–throat structures and flow behavior is essential for improving profile control and flow diversion in deep-water tight reservoirs. In this study, a dual-structure-regulated nanocomposite gel (DSRC-NCG) was designed, and its structure–flow coupling behavior during gel injection, curing, and degradation was systematically investigated using multiscale flow configurations, including microfluidic models, artificial cores, and sandpack systems. Microstructural evolution and pore–throat connectivity were characterized using μCT imaging, mercury intrusion porosimetry, nitrogen adsorption, and image-based flow simulations, while macroscopic flow responses were evaluated through permeability variation, dominant-channel evolution, injectivity behavior, and quantitative indices including the structure regulation index (SRI) and pore–flow matching index (HCI). The results show that increasing SiO2 content induces a progressive optimization of pore–flow matching by refining critical throats and suppressing preferential flow channels, whereas excessive nanoparticle loading leads to aggregation and attenuation of these effects. This study proposes a multiscale structure–flow coupling framework that quantitatively connects pore–throat regulation with macroscopic flow responses during nanocomposite gel injection and degradation. These findings offer mechanistic insights and practical guidance for the design of nanocomposite gels with improved flow-regulation efficiency and reversibility in deep-water tight reservoir applications.

The rich cattle genetic diversity in Africa has been supporting livelihoods for centuries, providing food and nutrition security, income, and socio-cultural values. Understanding the genetic architecture of African cattle is essential for conservation and sustainable breed improvement. This study assessed genome-wide diversity, population structure, admixture patterns, and gene flow in 44 cattle populations across West, East, and Southern Africa, utilizing 63,655 medium-density SNP markers. Comparative analyses incorporated South Asian zebu and European taurine breeds for reference. Genetic diversity, estimated via observed heterozygosity and inbreeding coefficients (FROH), indicated higher variability in African zebu and admixed populations compared to African taurine cattle. Trypanotolerant taurine breeds such as N'Dama and Lagunaire exhibited low observed heterozygosity and high inbreeding, consistent with historical isolation and natural selection in tsetse-endemic regions. Principal component analysis and ADMIXTURE clustering revealed region-specific patterns of taurine-indicine admixture. West African taurine breeds retained high taurine ancestry, while West and East African zebu breeds showed extensive indicine introgression. Southern African cattle exhibited moderate admixture, with Nguni cattle retaining a distinct Sanga genetic signature. Effective population size (Ne) estimates revealed historical bottlenecks across all regions, temporally coinciding with the nineteenth century rinderpest pandemic. Contemporary Ne values indicated small effective sizes in several taurine and localized zebu populations, warranting conservation attention. This study provides genomic insights into patterns of admixture, gene flow, and demographic variations shaping African cattle diversity. The findings emphasize the need for regionally tailored breeding and conservation strategies to sustain the genetic diversity and adaptive potential of African cattle under evolving climatic and production challenges.

Letter: Comparison of Lattice Flow Diverter and Pipeline Embolization Device in Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms: A Real-World, Propensity Score Matching Study.

Low gas recovery in the Sebei-2 gas field is linked to residual gas trapping under water encroachment. This study investigates the pore-scale trapping behaviour of residual gas in three types of layer: conventional, low-resistivity, and low-acoustic high-resistivity. High-fidelity pore structures were reconstructed by integrating mercury intrusion porosimetry with thin-section data and microfluidic models were designed using the Quartet Structure Generation Set method and fabricated by wet etching. Visualized displacement experiments were performed under different wettability conditions and water invasion rates, and image analysis was used to quantify the distribution of trapped gas. Results show that the low-resistivity gas layer exhibits the highest residual gas saturation (30.57%), followed by the low-acoustic high-resistivity gas layer (20.20%), while the conventional gas layer has the lowest (15.29%). These values correspond to apparent pore-scale gas recoveries of about 48.95%, 65.01%, and 72.14% for the low-resistivity, low-acoustic high-resistivity and conventional gas layers, respectively. In hydrophilic systems, wetting-film thickening and flow diversion are the main trapping processes, whereas in hydrophobic systems, flow diversion dominates and residual gas decreases markedly. Increasing the water invasion rate reduces trapped gas in the conventional and low-resistivity layers, whereas in the strongly heterogeneous low-acoustic high-resistivity layer, higher invasion intensity strengthens preferential channelling/viscous fingering, leading to a non-monotonic residual gas response. These findings clarify the differentiated pore-scale trapping mechanisms of gas under water encroachment and highlight that mitigating water film-controlled trapping in low-resistivity layers and flow diversion trapping in low-acoustic high-resistivity layers is essential for mobilizing trapped gas, improving dynamic reserves, and ultimately enhancing the economic recovery of water-bearing gas reservoirs similar to the Sebei-2 gas field.

Lattice Versus Pipeline and Tubridge Flow Diverters for Unruptured Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysms: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

BackgroundThe advent of flow diverters (FDs) has revolutionized the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. The Lattice Flow Diverter (LFD) is a novel, domestically developed FD in China. To date, no clinical reports have described the use of the LFD in treating small and medium-sized intracranial aneurysms. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the LFD in the treatment of small and medium-sized aneurysms in the anterior circulation.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed patients with small or medium-sized anterior circulation aneurysms who underwent LFD implantation at Jingmen People’s Hospital between September 2023 and May 2025. Demographic data, aneurysm morphology, and procedural details were collected from complete clinical and imaging records. Periprocedural neurological complications, angiographic outcomes, and clinical follow-up results were systematically analyzed.ResultsA total of 56 patients were included. Among 56 patients, nine patients (16.1%) underwent adjunctive coil embolization. Two patients (3.6%) experienced periprocedural complications, both minor ischemic strokes. During a mean clinical follow-up of 7.18 months, complete occlusion (OKM grade D) was achieved in 71.4% of aneurysms, and adequate occlusion (OKM grades C + D) in 85.7%. All patients had a favorable clinical outcome (mRS score 0–2). Subgroup analysis showed no statistically significant differences in complete or successful occlusion rates between patients treated with LFD alone and those treated with LFD combined with coil embolization (p > 0.05).ConclusionOur study preliminarily suggests that the use of the LFD for small and medium-sized anterior circulation aneurysms is associated with acceptable periprocedural safety and favorable short term angiographic and clinical outcomes. Further large-scale, multicenter, prospective studies are required to validate these findings.

Achieving adequate wall apposition is a crucial technical goal when deploying flow diverters to treat wide-neck cerebral aneurysms. The socalled J-wiring technique is a common method used to optimize flow diverter wall apposition. However, the frictional interaction between the shaping device and the microguidewire tip during the formation of the J-loop, as well as the interaction between the J-loop and the flow diverter during J-wiring, may potentially cause damage to the guidewire's coating. Three frequently used guidewires were tested in vitro in a silicone aneurysm model. Manual J-shaping of guidewire tips, along with the J-wiring technique (including J-shaping), caused damage to the surface coating of guidewires, as observed by scanning electron microscopy. Therefore, both mechanisms may contribute to the generation of polymer micro-fragments in patients treated with flow diversion.

Flow diverters have been in current practice for almost 2 decades, and since then, endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms has evolved considerably. Among relatively common complications, stent migration remains an infrequent but clinically significant event. This single patient observational technical note presents a successful endovascular rescue treatment of a proximally migrated flow diverter stent using balloon-assisted remodeling, detected at the eight month follow-up angiography. This strategy allowed the migrated stent to be recatheterized and the treatment to be completed with a second flow diverter stent.

Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is the gold standard for evaluating outcomes after flow diverter (FD) stent placement, though its invasive nature presents limitations. Time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA) is commonly used as anon-invasive alternative; however, it is susceptible to artifacts related to magnetic susceptibility and phase dispersion. Recently, Pointwise Encoding Time Reduction with Radial Acquisition (PETRA)-MRA, which employs an ultra-short echo time technique, has emerged as apromising option for post-endovascular imaging. This study aimed to quantitatively assess and compare the signal properties of PETRA-MRA and TOF-MRA in patients following FD treatment, in order to minimize observer-dependent variability. Aretrospective review was conducted on patients treated with aPipeline Flex with Shield Technology stent for internal carotid artery aneurysms between April 2021 and March 2024. All patients underwent both TOF-MRA and PETRA-MRA scans on the day after treatment, using a3‑T MRI system. Signal intensities were evaluated in the FD, contralateral internal carotid artery (ICA), aneurysm, and background across three slices for each patient. For aneurysm analysis, the slice with the largest visible aneurysm diameter was selected. Contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) were computed in relation to the background signal, and signal intensity ratios (SIR) were calculated with reference to the contralateral ICA. These metrics were then compared between TOF-MRA and PETRA-MRA. The analysis included 21patients (mean age 60.2 years; 14female), with 7 (33%) receiving additional coiling. The average aneurysm diameter was 9.2 ± 5.6 mm. PETRA-MRA yielded significantly higher CNR values for both the FD (3.80 ± 1.21) and aneurysm (8.04 ± 5.79) compared with TOF-MRA (FD 2.51 ± 0.95, p < 0.001; aneurysm 3.92 ± 2.41, p = 0.001). Similarly, SIR values were notably greater with PETRA-MRA for the FD (0.44 ± 0.07 vs. 0.35 ± 0.08, p < 0.001) and the aneurysm (0.95 ± 0.19 vs. 0.62 ± 0.23, p < 0.001). Compared to TOF-MRA, PETRA-MRA provided higher CNR and SIR in the evaluation of both FD and aneurysm visualization. These findings indicate that PETRA-MRA is apromising noninvasive technique for early postprocedural assessment after FD treatment.

Superior cerebellar artery (SUCA) aneurysms are rare and anatomically challenging lesions. Surgical and endovascular approaches are complicated by the vessel's small diameter, and proximity to eloquent structures. We describe a technique combining balloon-assisted coiling followed by Half-T or Complete T stenting using a braided stent, aiming to achieve high occlusion rates with low complication risk. This retrospective, single-center study included patients with unruptured aneurysms at the origin of the superior cerebellar artery (SUCA) treated between May 2012 and December 2023. All patients underwent balloon-assisted coiling followed by stenting in either a Half-T or Complete T configuration through the remodeling balloon. Clinical and angiographic outcomes, peri-and post-procedural complications, and 12-month follow-up digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were assessed. A total of 55 patients were treated. All achieved immediate post-procedural complete occlusion (Raymond-Roy Class I). The overall periprocedural complication rate was 5.5% (n = 3), including two minor-ischemic events and one limited arterial dissection without ischemic consequence; none resulted in clinical deterioration or worsening of the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at discharge. No hemorrhagic events were observed. At 12-month follow-up, 94% of patients maintained Class I occlusion. Favorable clinical outcomes (mRS 0-1) were observed in 92% of patients, of whom 98% demonstrated no change in mRS compared to their pre-procedural baseline. Subgroup analysis of patients treated with a Complete T configuration showed comparable safety and efficacy outcomes. Balloon-assisted coiling followed by Half-T or Complete T stenting appears to be a safe and effective method for treating unruptured SUCA aneurysms, achieving high and durable occlusion rates. Limitations include retrospective design, lack of control group, and self-adjudicated results. Further multicenter and core-lab validated studies are warranted. SUCA = superior cerebellar artery; BA = basilar artery; PCA = posterior cerebral artery; ACT = activated clotting time; FD = flow diverter.