Flight Attendants Research Articles

Daily relationships between job insecurity and emotional labor amid COVID-19: Mediation of ego depletion and moderation of off-job control and work-related smartphone use.

The economic recession in the service sector during the COVID-19 pandemic has jeopardized service employees' job security. While the daily fluctuations of perceived job insecurity may have implications for service employees' emotional labor, the day-to-day relationship between these two variables and their mediating and moderating mechanisms in the pandemic context remain unknown. To fill this gap, our research examined the day-level relationship between job insecurity perceptions, ego depletion, and emotional labor, as well as the moderating effects of overnight off-job control and work-related smartphone use. To assess these relationships, we conducted two daily studies during the COVID-19 pandemic. In study 1 (March-April 2020), 135 service employees responded to morning and evening online surveys for five workdays. In study 2 (June 2022), which administered morning and evening online surveys to 90 flight attendants for five workdays, work-related COVID-19 exposure risk was controlled in the analyses. The results of the two studies demonstrated that on a day when service employees perceived a high level of job insecurity, they felt ego-depleted, which, in turn, was associated with decreased deep acting and increased surface acting. Post hoc findings indicated a significant three-way interaction between off-job control, off-job work-related smartphone use, and daily job insecurity, such that the job insecurity-ego depletion-emotional labor was most pronounced when off-job control was low and off-job work-related smartphone use was high. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Characteristics and Correlation of Indonesian Cabin Crew Marital Status and Anxiety 2022

Introduction: Fear of getting COVID-19 has led to an upsurge in mental health problems, particularly among those who deal directly with others, such as cabin crew. A regulation has been established requiring travelers to attach the results of a COVID-19 test to prevent the transmission of the virus during flight. While the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases continued to rise, the regulations were subsequently repealed in early 2022. The marital status of an individual is one factor that can influence the level of anxiety. Studies regarding the correlation between marital status and anxiety levels of cabin crew during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia are still lacking. This study aims to determine the correlation between marital status and anxiety levels of Indonesian cabin crews in 2022. Methods: In November 2022, a cross-sectional offline survey was conducted using a written questionnaire. Using consecutive sampling with inclusion and exclusion criteria, a final sample of 79 was analyzed. The independent variable is classified as either married or unmarried based on Indonesia Law Act No. 1 of 1974. Anxiety levels, the dependent variable, were collected using a Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) questionnaire and a personal data questionnaire. Results: A correlation was observed between the marital status of Indonesian cabin attendants in 2022 and their anxiety levels (p=0.025), according to the findings. Conclusion: Increased anxiety levels about cabin personnel's marital status are driven by the worry of catching COVID-19, which will result in feelings of loneliness, particularly for cabin crew with unmarried marital status

SAFETY CLIMATE PERCEPTION OF CABIN ATTENDANTS IN TURKEY: SAMPLE STUDY FOR AN AIRLINE COMPANY

Some researches show that employees who perceive the workplace as safe encounter fewer work accidents than those who perceive the workplace as dangerous. This result also coincides with the result that there are fewer accidents in safe workplaces. Similarly, it was stated that the anxiety and stress levels of the employees who found the workplace safe were low and that they were exposed to environmental risks arising from fewer workplaces. Climate perception is a concept for how employees perceive the safety environment in the organization. In the aviation industry, where safety is a top priority, a positive perceived safety climate is of great importance. The current research aimed to investigate whether cabin attendants' perceptions of safety climate differ according to their socio-demographic characteristics. From this point of view, the analysis of the research, which used a survey technique to measure the safety climate perception of 230 cabin attendants, was made with the SPSS 26.0 program. The findings show that cabin crew's perception of safety climate does not differ according to age, gender and marital status.

상황학습 이론 기반 국내 항공사 Z세대 신입승무원의 조직문화 적응 과정 질적연구

The aviation industry faces challenges due to COVID-19, low global growth, and fierce international competition. As the significance of human resources as a response strategy rises, it is time to focus on the roles of the Department of Aviation Service, which was established to cultivate competent aviation industry professionals. Thus, this study examined the job experiences of recent graduates of the Department of Aviation Services who joined an aviation company as Cabin Crew shortly after their graduation using the situational learning theory as a theoretical lens. The study was conducted over a ten-week period, from May 1, 2021, to June 26, 2021, using in-depth interviews to collect data. Four categories were identified as a result of the analysis: effort and sense of achievement towards a career roadmap, ontological transformation process in the organisation, conflict to acknowledge the existence of 'I' in a conflicting organisational culture, and formation of the corporate identity through membership acquisition. Theoretically, the existing theory was supported and expanded by approaching the contextual learning and meaning of Cabin Crew in the workplace via legitimate peripheral participation. On the basis of the practical implications posed by IT-literate generations, a course of action was developed to foster online mentor-mentee relationships, online group learning, and an improvement in the culture of hierarchical organisation. It entails giving feedback on work that is straightforward and easy to understand, as well as adhering strictly to the manual.

Internal corporate social responsibility and customer-oriented organizational citizenship behavior: the mediating roles of job satisfaction, work-family facilitation, life satisfaction, and the moderating role of organizational tenure

Drawing on social exchange theory, this study examines the relationship between internal corporate social responsibility (CSR) and hospitality employees’ customer-oriented organizational citizenship behavior (CO-OCB). The role of three distinct aspects (work, family, and life aspects) function as parallel mediating mechanisms, with organizational tenure as a moderator. The sample consisted of 156 flight attendants working in airlines based in Asian countries. The findings show that internal CSR (i.e., legal employment, training, internal dissemination, compensation, health and safety) promotes CO-OCB. Job satisfaction and work-family facilitation (WFF) partially mediate the positive relationship between internal CSR and CO-OCB, whereas life satisfaction does not serve the same function. The multiple mediation findings indicate that in stimulating flight attendants’ CO-OCB, WFF accounts for more effects of internal CSR than job satisfaction does. Findings also suggest that the impact of internal CSR on CO-OCB is more pronounced among long-tenured than short-tenured employees. This study broadens the tourism literature by advancing our comprehension of not only the multiple mediating mechanisms involved but also the boundary conditions that influence the impact of internal CSR on CO-OCB.

The Learning Achievement of Airline Business Students on the Virtual Experience during the Pre-flight Emergency Equipment Check Procedures on the Airbus A320 Series Aircraft

The emergence of disruptive technology in mid-1999 caused the industrial revolution, which leverages the benefits of the industry’s products and elaborates new ideas for service sectors to a new level. The recent virtual technology brings opportunities to higher education along with these digital adaptations. However, there is a need for experimental research exploring the educational influence of using immersive virtual reality in aviation safety subjects. This quasi-experimental aimed to 1) address the Airline Business students’ learning achievement after using virtual reality technology due to retaining knowledge influenced by virtual experience. 2) study the capability of immersive technology based on the Airbus A320 series aircraft’s virtual environment that establishes the Airline Business students’ learning development in three areas: cognitive domain, psychomotor domain, and affective domain. Two groups of 30 participants were recruited based on a simple random sampling from a total number of 75 third-year Airline Business students in the experimental and control groups. The parametric statistics were conducted on a hypothesis testing by comparing two measurements from the experimental and control groups. The results revealed that the test scores of the experimental group obtained significantly better academic achievement in terms of the knowledge needed to perform tasks than the control group. Besides, the behavioral learning and emotional intelligence required to complete performance-related tasks were noticed in the experimental group. In addition, the effectiveness index (EI) was computed to affirm that the innovative learning tool can be an integral part of the future physical classroom. It indicated that students effectively learn in the aviation safety context via practicing through virtual reality. The virtual experience positively helps motivate and engage students in an aviation safety study. It also profoundly enhances the Airline Business students’ competency, including knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed to perform their future responsibilities as flight attendants.

In-Flight Infection Prevention and Control Training for Cabin Crew in China: A Qualitative Study

Specific in-flight infection prevention and control (IPC) training was deemed an essential strategy for ensuring the implementation of appropriate measures to protect the health of passengers and crew sustainably during COVID-19 and the post-pandemic period. This study aims to identify cabin crew’s IPC duties and investigate the current status of the in-flight IPC training for cabin crew in China. The snowballing technique was employed with purposeful sampling. A total of 15 participants, including cabin crew of various positions, inspectors, and trainers from eight airlines in China were invited to attend the in-depth semi-structured interview between September and November of 2022. Cabin crew IPC duties can be classified into four phases based on a thematic analysis: before flight, passenger boarding, during flight, and after flight. The findings indicated airlines in China required their cabin crew to carry out strict IPC measures onboard throughout all stages of flight, including in-flight IPC training before flight, being aware of COVID symptoms and monitoring passengers’ conditions during boarding, the standard operating procedure (SOP) of handling suspicious carriers during flight, and so on. Meanwhile, six major themes concerning cabin crew’s in-flight IPC training were extracted: COVID-19 information, IPC Supplies and usage, IPC measures onboard, communication and explanation, information collection and report up, attitude and perceptions toward COVID-19, and IPC measures. Cabin crew were regularly trained on in-flight IPC through online learning, with face-to-face training used as reinforcement. Although training for knowledge and technical skills was deemed comprehensive, non-technical skills such as communication and explanation were viewed as a weak link. Moreover, airlines should make greater efforts to help cabin crew develop a positive attitude towards COVID-19 and overcome their internal fears. This study pointed out the shortcomings of the in-flight IPC training for cabin crew in China and can help the airlines improve the training program so that cabin crew can perform their duties correctly. Furthermore, the result can inform the development of future cabin crew training programs for the post-pandemic period.

Research on Airline Strategy under COVID-19: Flight Pricing and Human Resources Perspectives

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a global recession in the economy. People travel less due to stricter restrictions set by governments worldwide and fewer business activities due to the spread of the disease. This means that the airlines will receive a sharp decrease in income, which is a disaster for them because the cost is inelastic. To help change the situation of the airlines, this paper presents a calibration method based on the data of Chinese airlines and international flight data. The proposed method contains three parts: long-term price strategy, including pricing setting for domestic and international flights; new ways of price discrimination and pricing differences pushing up the demands, the new policies for the flight attendants, including wearing masks and introducing policies to prevent the virus from spreading. The experimental method’s result shows that COVID-19’s impact on airlines can be significantly improved with an accurate way to regain customers’ trust and willingness to travel by air compared to the pre-COVID method of working.

Meetings and Congresses

Meetings and Congresses

코로나19 팬데믹 이후 승무원 피로관리시스템 개선방안 연구

The aviation industry has continued to grow despite the influence of external environmental factors such as SARS and MERS. However, this growth has led to a sharp decrease in air traffic and a crisis of flight suspension due to the collapse of the global value chain and the decline of the world economy as the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the decrease in the number of international flights, aviation workers such as pilots and cabin crew were exposed to high psychological stress and fatigue, such as large-scale layoffs, job instability, decrease in income, and increased risk of infection during. Recently, the international community has eased immigration restrictions through quarantine activities, and airlines are taking a step further to recover existing air demand. However, during the crisis period, a significant number of professional workers have been turned off or fired, and the physical and mental fatigue of those who can perform their duties is increasing. Therefore, this paper intends to examine the direction of policy improvement and the identification of problems in aviation safety and fatigue management after the pandemic.

MIND THE GAAP: DETERMINANTS OF U.S. AIRLINE OPERATING CASH FLOWS

ABSTRACT The airline industry in the United States relies heavily on strong liquidity and solvency positions to fund an array of short and long-term variable and fixed costs ranging from cabin crew salaries to aircraft lease payments and debt service. Against the backdrop of these ongoing needs for cash is the ever-present risk of extraneous and expeditious demand shocks such as pandemics, terrorist incidents, and surging fuel costs. It is thus an imperative that airlines monitor their operating cash flows closely, especially when considering that many financial performance metrics are accrual-based and do not always paint a completely accurate picture of a firm’s true cash position. This study hypothesized and investigated significant determinants of operating cash flows for publicly-traded US airlines and found a statistically significant relationship between airlines operating cash flows and their total assets, income from operations, and market capitalization; which account for a large proportion of the variance in operating cash flows. This study is imperative to helping airlines understand the major determinants of operating cash flows as they look to recover from the pandemic and increase cash flow as well as maintain robust liquidity and solvency positions to fund an array of variable and fixed costs. Keywords Airlines, Operating Cash Flows, Accruals, Pandemic, Liquidity, Solvency

개인-환경 적합성이 조직매력성과 친사회적 서비스 행동에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of person-environmental fit on perception of organizational attractiveness and prosocial service behavior targeting airline cabin crew organizations. To this end, data were collected for cabin crew, and the research hypotheses derived through theoretical consideration were statistically tested to examine the relationship. The summary of the analysis results is as follows. First, it was found that the person-environment suitability perceived by the cabin crew partially had a positive effect on organizational attractiveness. Second, the person-organizational fit perceived by cabin crew was found to be a factor that had a positive effect on inner-role behavior and cooperative behavior among prosocial service behaviors, but did not have a direct effect on extra-role behavior. Third, it was confirmed that person-job fit has a positive effect on all pro-social service behaviors inner-role behavior, extra-role behavior, and cooperative behavior. Fourth, organizational attractiveness perceived by cabin crew was found to have a positive effect on prosocial service behavior, and it was found to have a relatively greatest effect on extra-role behavior. These results are expected to contribute to effective human resource management plans considering the suitability between cabin crew and the environment and strategies to improve the level of prosocial service behavior.

코로나19 위험지각이 항공사 객실승무원의 안전행동에 미치는 효과: 직무불안정성의 조절효과

코로나19 위험지각이 항공사 객실승무원의 안전행동에 미치는 효과: 직무불안정성의 조절효과

항공사 인수합병에 대한 인식이 직무스트레스와 조직몰입에 미치는 영향 : 피인수항공사 객실승무원을 대상으로

This study aims to investigate the effect of perception of merger and acquisition on job stress and organizational commitment of cabin crew members of the acquired airline, who are in a serious situation of employment and job instability due to the first merger and acquisition between domestic airlines. In this study, a survey was conducted from December 1, 2022 to December 30, 2022, targeting cabin crew at Airline A, the target company. Due to COVID-19, it was not easy to face the flight attendants, so an online questionnaire was filled out and a total of 200 copies were distributed, and 188 copies recovered were used as valid samples for analysis. As a statistical analysis method of the collected data, SPSS 25.0 program was used.BR There are three hypotheses and the results of testing the hypotheses are as follows.BR First, in the hypothesis that recognition of mergers and acquisitions will have a negative (-) effect on the job stress of members of the target company, the perception of promotion opportunities, distribution fairness and employment stability by independent variables have a statistically significant negative ( -) was found to have an effect. Second, the hypothesis that the recognition of mergers and acquisitions will have a positive (+) effect on the organizational commitment of the members of the target company was analyzed to find that the recognition of promotion opportunities, distribution fairness and employment stability factors were statistically significant on organizational commitment. Third, regarding the hypothesis that job stress of acquired company members will have a negative (-) effect on organizational commitment, a simple regression analysis showed that job stress had a statistically significant negative (-) effect on organizational commitment. appear.BR Despite the various implications presented in the conclusion, the limitations of this study and suggestions for future follow-up studies are as follows. Since this is the first merger and integration of an airline in Korea, there is a lack of prior research. In the sample selection for the study, various samples were not used. If the sample was selected in various ways, it would have been possible to conduct a demographic comparative study according to position, age or gender. Lastly, if this study was conducted as a cross-sectional study on mergers and acquisitions perception, job stress and organizational commitment at the present time, it would be better if a longitudinal study was conducted on the level of job stress and organizational commitment of cabin crew before and after integration in the follow-up study. It is expected that this will be an advanced study.

항공사의 조직문화가 괴롭힘적 분위기, 반생산적 과업 행동과 이직 의도와의 영향 관계

This study focuses on the hierarchical organizational culture of airline cabin crew with a stricter hierarchical order than other industries. The purpose of this study is to suggest implications for human resource management of airline cabin crew through the relationship between hierarchical organizational culture and bullying atmosphere, counterproductive task behavior, and turnover intention. For analysis, SPSS v.21 and AMOS v.21 programs were performed ti conduct frequency analysis for sample characteristics, validity and reliability analysis of measurement tools, and path analysis for hypothesis test. The results of findings are first the hierarchical organizational culture of airline cabin crew had a positive (+) effect on the bullying atmosphere. Second, it was found that the bullying atmosphere of airline cabin crew had a positive (+) effect on counterproductive work behavior. Third, the bullying atmosphere of airline cabin crew had a positive (+) effect on turnover intention. Fourth, the counterproductive work behavior had a positive (+) effect on turnover intention. At the last, it was analyzed that counterproductive work behavior was partially mediated between the bullying atmosphere and turnover intention. With the results of this study, we present strategic implications for human resource management of airline cabin crew.

Tacit knowledge sharing and individual work performance in the Viet Nam aviation industry


 This study aims to develop a theoretical model of the relationship between tacit knowledge sharing and individual performance in the aviation industry with the motivating role of personal motivation and social contextual factor, includes social status, reciprocity and social capital. The research hypotheses are verified by a structural equation modeling (SEM) based on servey data from 369 respondents who are flight attendants working in aviation companies in Ho Chi Minh City. Findings revealed that all factors such as social status, reciprocity and social capital have positively impacted on tacit knowledge sharing. In addition, tacit knowledge sharing and social capital are found to enhance individual work performance. This paper offers some implications to managers in the airlines that stimulate tacit knowledge sharing and enhance employees’ performance

Temporary work contracts and female labor market outcomes

How does initial placement in a temporary work contract affect workers’ subsequent labor market outcomes? We study a unique set of natural experiments: In the mid-1990s, the Japanese airline industry implemented a new hiring policy using temporary employment contracts. The policy was later reversed in the mid-2010s. Examining the universe of employment records from one of Japan’s major airlines as well as government surveys to compare outcomes for cohorts of flight attendants hired just before to those hired just after these changes in industry policy, we find that workers starting on temporary contracts were less likely to remain with the firm over time and are less likely to have children within 10 years after starting the job. These findings do not appear to be the result of selection on observables.

Take care of yourself first so you can help others

There is a reason why flight attendants instruct passengers who are traveling with young children or others needing assistance that, in case of an emergency that necessitates the oxygen masks deploying from above, they should first put their mask on before helping others. The reason is obvious; if you can't breathe due to the unexpected loss in cabin pressure, you might not be awake long enough to assist your travel companions.

Factors Associated With Airline Cabin Crews' Influenza Vaccination Intention in the Workplace-based Setting.

Yearly influenza vaccination is the best way to prevent influenza. Workplace vaccination program for airline cabin crews is an important countermeasure in the management of infectious diseases. Understanding the influenza vaccination behavior of cabin crews is essential to establishing strategies to promote vaccine uptake. This study aimed to examine factors associated with airline cabin crews' influenza vaccination intention in a workplace-based setting. We applied the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to explain the vaccination behavior of employees. A cross-sectional study was performed in April 2021. Participants self-reported the structured questionnaires that consisted of TPB variables, and reasons for influenza vaccination/nonvaccination in 2020. A total of 253 crew members participated, and 242 were included in the analysis. The influenza vaccination rate was 70.7% in 2020, and vaccination intention was 5.92 of 7 points in 2021. Multiple linear regression showed that influenza vaccination intention was associated with subjective norms (β = .394, p < .001), positive attitude (β = .145, p = .007), perceived behavioral control (β = .170, p = .004), actual behavioral control (β = .145, p = .010), and the previous year's vaccination (β = .163, p < .001). The model accounted for 57% of the variance in influenza vaccination intention (F = 40.959, p < .001). Our findings indicate that TPB is useful in explaining employees' influenza vaccination intention and influencing factors. Focusing on positive messages that emphasize the social effects of vaccination and providing free vaccination on specific dates are potential strategies to increase intention. It can be applied to help design on-site workplace vaccination programs for essential frontline workers.

The Effect of Safety Attitudes and Safety Climate on the Proactive Personality of Cabin Crew Related to Safety Behavior in Indonesian National Aviation Companies

The Effect of Safety Attitudes and Safety Climate on the Proactive Personality of Cabin Crew Related to Safety Behavior in Indonesian National Aviation Companies