Flexible Management Strategies Research Articles

Rainfall cycle causes the inter-seasonal instability of ecosystem service trade-offs: A case study in the Tana River Basin, Kenya

As a crucial climate condition, the inter-seasonal rainfall cycle directly impacts the livelihoods and productivity of billions residing in monsoon regions. However, there is still limited understanding regarding its effects on trade-offs among ecosystem services (ES). This knowledge gap may impede the sustainable development of human well-being in these regions. In this study focused on Tana River Basin, a representative monsoon region, we assessed the seasonal supply and trade-offs of three ESs including water yield (WY), soil conservation (SC), and net primary production (NPP), which are closely linked to local human well-being. To comprehend the driving mechanism of inter-seasonal variation, the influential factors were identified using the Geographical Detector Model. Furthermore, by quantifying the seasonal trade-off intensity among three ESs, the managemental optimization priority areas were identified.The results showed that (1) all three ES supply presented an increasing trend from 2000-2020. Seasonally, both the supply and trade-offs of ESs were significantly enhanced in the rainy seasons, with spatial heterogeneity observed in the response to inter-seasonal rainfall cycle. (2) Natural condition factors presented stronger influence on the seasonal variation of ES trade-offs, which is crucial to consider the comprehensive hydrological response resulting from vegetation growth as the foundation for these seasonal variations. For the WY-SC trade-off, precipitation was identified as the primary influential factor, while vegetation coverage impact on SC-NPP and WY-NPP trade-offs. Higher precipitation and vegetation coverage would intensify the trade-off between corresponding ESs. (3) Regarding the spatial distribution of seasonal instability, several sub-watersheds aggregated in the midstream hill region were identified as the primary optimized zones, more flexible management strategies should be implemented preferentially. The findings contribute to a better understanding of how the inter-seasonal rainfall cycle impact on the ES trade-offs, supporting effective ecosystem management in monsoon regions.

Risk assessment of public-private partnership water projects in Indonesia

Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are vital for infrastructure development in developing countries, integrating private efficiency with public oversight. However, PPP models often face risks, particularly in Indonesia’s water sector, due to its unique geographical and regulatory challenges. This study aims to identify and evaluate risk factors specific to drinking water PPP projects in Indonesia. Using a quantitative approach, structured questionnaires were distributed to experts in the sector, and the data was analyzed using a fuzzy evaluation method. Risks were categorized into location, design and construction, financial, operational, revenue, and political. The study emphasizes that effective risk management, including identification, analysis, and mitigation, is essential for project success. It highlights the importance of stakeholder involvement and flexible risk management strategies. Comprehensive and proactive risk management is key to the success of drinking water infrastructure projects. The research suggests that an integrated and collaborative approach among stakeholders can enhance risk management effectiveness. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, project managers, investors, and other stakeholders, underscoring the necessity for adaptable regulatory frameworks and robust policy guidelines to improve the sustainability and efficacy of future water-related PPPs.

Economic Factors and Performance of Selected Quoted Consumer Goods Manufacturing Companies: The Moderating Roles of Firm Agility

The problem of this study is the significant decline in the performance of consumer goods manufacturing companies, which is caused by various economic factors such as import policies, inflation, infrastructure, interest rates, and exchange rates. This study aims to evaluate the impact of economic factors on the performance of publicly traded consumer goods manufacturing companies and test how corporate agility moderates this relationship. The study employed a cross-sectional survey design with a population of 5,625 employees from 12 companies, yielding a final sample of 563. Data was collected through a questionnaire validated by confirmatory factor analysis and measured by a Likert scale. Data analysis was conducted with multiple regression using SPSS version 22.0. The results show that economic factors significantly affect firm performance, and firm agility significantly moderates this relationship. The conclusion of this study suggests that consumer goods manufacturing companies need to improve their agility to overcome the negative impact of economic factors. This study implies the need for more adaptive and flexible management strategies to enhance firm performance in the face of dynamic economic challenges.

Управление образовательным процессом субъектов креативных индустрий

The article delineates a number of characteristic features in managing the educational process within the realm of creative industries. They are defined according to the essential features of the key concepts “educational process management” and “subjects of creative industries”. They encompass a range of common traits, including issues of management organization levels, functions, methods, principles, etc. The fundamental distinctions of these components are predominantly shaped by the specific nature of creative industries subjects’ activities in the educational sphere, which typically unfold non-linearly and under conditions of high risk, uncertainty, and complexity in predicting outcomes. This is a sphere of activity oriented towards systemic innovation implementation, seeking and utilizing opportunities to satisfy human desires and needs through the realization of unique educational products, including those in the realm of additional education for both children and adults. The outcome here entails the creation, promotion, and dissemination and/or implementation of creative products in the field of additional education. In conclusion, the management of educational processes in creative industries requires a nuanced understanding of the unique challenges and opportunities inherent in this domain. By leveraging flexible and adaptive management strategies, educators and industry stakeholders can foster creativity, innovation, and collaboration, thereby enriching the educational experience and driving positive outcomes for all stakeholders involved. Further research is needed to explore specific management approaches and interventions tailored to the evolving needs of creative industries education.

Organic Farming vs. Integrated Nutrient Management: A Comparative Review of Agricultural Productivity and Sustainability

In an era where sustainable agriculture is crucial for global food security and environmental preservation, organic farming and Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) have emerged as leading practices. This review paper offers a comprehensive comparison of these two approaches, focusing on their impact on agricultural productivity and sustainability. Organic farming, with its emphasis on reducing the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, growth hormones, and feed additives, aligns closely with the principles of sustainability. It enhances food quality, promotes soil health, and mitigates adverse environmental effects by encouraging natural recovery cycles. However, organic farming's limitations, such as lower yields and a more labour-intensive approach have prompted interest in innovative solutions that blend organic practices with modern technologies. Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) presents a compelling alternative. By combining organic, inorganic, and biological nutrient sources, INM seeks to optimize nutrient use efficiency and maintain soil health. This approach offers a flexible nutrient management strategy, balancing organic and inorganic inputs to maintain crop productivity while reducing environmental impact. Studies have shown that INM can improve soil properties, such as bulk density, porosity, and water-holding capacity, leading to enhanced crop yields and lower greenhouse gas emissions. The paper explores how INM's integrated approach not only stabilizes crop production but also supports the growth of soil microbes, providing a source of energy and organic carbon. By using a combination of specific microorganisms, organic matter, and minimal doses of inorganic fertilizers, INM can achieve a harmonious balance that reduces environmental pollution and ensures long-term soil fertility. Ultimately, this review underscores the potential of combining organic and INM practices to create a sustainable and productive agricultural system. Through a comparative analysis, the paper aims to guide researchers, policymakers, and farmers towards adopting strategies that foster agricultural sustainability without compromising productivity.

Oasis agriculture revitalization and carbon sequestration for climate-resilient communities

Revitalizing oasis agriculture, an age-old human endeavor, has historically played a crucial role in sustaining biodiversity and ecosystems in arid regions. Nevertheless, this enduring practice now faces contemporary challenges, including global warming, water scarcity, soil erosion, and negative human activities associated with urbanization. This comprehensive review delves into diverse literature across disciplines, covering topics such as water conservation, biodiversity restoration, agroforestry, and Oasis Holistic Management, with the aim of addressing these challenges. The analysis strongly advocates for the urgent adoption of sustainable practices, including precision irrigation, polyculture, organic farming, agroforestry, and community-based initiatives, to ensure the survival of oasis agriculture and foster long-term environmental and social responsibility. The study underscores the imperative need for the development of “comprehensive, flexible, and forward-looking management strategies” to guide the sustainable revival of oasis farming. By consolidating information from various studies, it lays the groundwork for informed decision-making and policy formulation. As part of revitalizing the oasis agricultural ecosystem and addressing the global climate crisis, we propose a noninvasive tool for assessing carbon sequestration effectiveness based on tree specifications. Recognizing the pivotal role of vegetation in mitigating the ecological impact and facing global crises, we explored parameters influencing plant carbon sequestration, including biomass production, growth rate, longevity, root structure, leaf structure, and average temperature tolerance.

Differential phase of Platypus quercivorus attacks in urban green space: A case study on 2 urban parks in Tokyo

The ambrosia beetle Platypus quercivorus (Maruyama) transmits the pathogenic fungus Raffaelea quercivora Kubono et Shin. Ito, causing Japanese oak wilt and subsequent tree dieback. In recent years, there has been a marked increase in mortality of secondary forests due to Japanese oak wilt, especially in suburban and urban parks, as P. quercivorus finds suitable host trees and environments. To prevent extensive mortality from P. quercivorus attacks, it is crucial to establish effective management strategies for secondary forests. In this study, we aimed to investigate the occurrence patterns of P. quercivorus attacks and identify effective management strategies in urban parks that have experienced recent outbreaks of Japanese oak wilt to find any hints for establishing effective management strategies. Over a two-year period, we surveyed the occurrence of P. quercivorus attacks on Quercus serrata Murray trees along walking trails and assessed surrounding conditions. Through data analysis, we identified significant factors influencing attacks. The results revealed distinct differences in host tree condition and attack severity between parks. Although the proportion of attacked trees in one park markedly increased over the two-year period, the other park remained stable, suggesting different attack phases between parks. In the former park, the occurrence of attacks was positively correlated with tree size, severity of nearby attacks, and nearby tree dieback but negatively correlated with surrounding tree density and occurrences of last year attack. Conversely, in the latter park, only occurrences of last year attack showed a significant negative correlation with attack occurrence. This discrepancy may be attributed to variations in the attack phase of P. quercivorus in each park. From a management perspective, park managers should establish flexible forest management strategies in suburban and urban parks to adapt to different attack phases.

Global Events and Surge in Residential Water Demand: Exploring Possible Hydraulic Scenarios

For humankind to survive, access to sufficient and safe drinking water is fundamental. This study explores the connection between rising domestic water consumption and planetary phenomena, such as rapid population growth, climate change, and pandemics. To achieve the study’s objectives, it provides a thorough forecast of water use, considering probable global scenarios for the years 2030 and 2050. The modeling approach is adapted from a consistent case study taken from the body of scientific literature on water supply hydraulics. The study’s results highlight the necessity for proactive and flexible management strategies for water resources. Notably, it observes significant alterations in water supply management to adjust water allocation due to the unanticipated and ongoing increase in consumer demand. The forecasted scenarios indicate potential difficulties that may arise in meeting rising domestic water demand amid planetary phenomena. The presented results offer valuable insights to policymakers and water supply authorities, enabling them to effectively address the rising domestic water demand while considering potential adverse conditions, ensuring a sustainable water supply for future generations.

Optimising Human Resource Information Systems in the Context of MSME Technology Management

This research explores the implementation of the Human Resource Information System (HRIS) in managing MSMEs, aiming to enhance operations and business development. The focus includes understanding the challenges of HRIS implementation, flexible workforce management strategies, and the benefits of adopting current technology. This research is hoped to provide valuable insights for MSMEs in leveraging HRIS for their business growth and efficiency. The research methodology used is survey design. Data was collected through a survey instrument consisting of scales to gather quantitative responses from business owners. The population of this study includes all entrepreneurs in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, both those who have participated in government empowerment programs and those who have not. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 75 participants based on various criteria such as business type and background. The research findings affirm that optimizing HRIS in MSMEs can improve efficiency, productivity, and organizational performance. Technology-based HRM strategies, such as cloud-based software, mobile applications, and web-based platforms, can streamline HR processes and enhance workforce productivity. Human resource competencies play a crucial role in MSME development, and leveraging HRIS can optimize product and service marketing, contributing to MSME growth. The research emphasizes the importance of optimizing HRIS in MSME management. The results indicate that technology-based HRIS usage can enhance operational efficiency and workforce productivity. It is recommended that MSMEs invest in the latest HRIS technology and provide adequate employee training. These steps will support the growth and success of MSMEs in the current digital era.

УПРАВЛІННЯ КОРПОРАТИВНИМИ ПРОЦЕСАМИ В УМОВАХ НЕВИЗНАЧЕНОСТІ: ГНУЧКА СТРАТЕГІЯ БІЗНЕСУ ЯК СПОСІБ АДАПТАЦІЇ ДО КРИЗОВИХ ЯВИЩ

In the dynamic landscape of global business, the importance of agile and flexible management strategies has never been more pronounced. As companies worldwide grapple with an increasing spectrum of uncertainties stemming from economic volatility, technological shifts, and geopolitical disruptions, the imperative for adaptive corporate governance becomes paramount. This article delves into the criticality of integrating digital transformations and strategic flexibility to enhance corporate resilience and operational efficiency. The discourse revolves around the evolving nature of corporate environments where traditional management models often fall short in addressing rapid market changes and unexpected challenges. It highlights the role of agility in corporate strategies as a crucial element for navigating through the complexities of the modern economic ecosystem. The focus is placed on the transformative impact of digital technologies, which are reshaping the foundations of business operations and strategic planning. Furthermore, the article explores the dual nature of digitalization as both a potential threat and a significant opportunity. It examines how companies can leverage technological advancements to foster a culture of innovation and adaptability, ensuring sustained growth and competitiveness in fluctuating markets. The narrative also underscores the need for a proactive approach in corporate strategy formulation, where flexibility and agility are integrated as core components of the management framework. By addressing these themes, the article aims to contribute to the ongoing dialogue on effective management practices that can withstand and capitalize on the inherent unpredictability of global markets. It calls for a broader acknowledgment of the intricate relationship between digital transformation and strategic management, urging companies to adopt a more nuanced and forward-thinking approach to their operational and strategic endeavors. This reflective exploration not only underscores the necessity for a dynamic response to global pressures but also situates digital agility at the heart of modern corporate strategy. As businesses look forward, the adaptability and resilience fostered by such strategic frameworks are positioned as key drivers for thriving in an era marked by unprecedented economic landscapes and competitive pressures.

Exploring strategies and decision making in local authorities in time of the pandemic

COVID-19 has spurred considerable research interest, many studies have delved into the experiences of local authorities in responding to crisis-induced changes (Kim, 2023; Agostino et al., 2021; Schuster et al., 2020), but few have adopted a managerial perspective, focusing on evolving strategies and decision-making processes. Strategies vary based on the context, and the Moroccan perspective in this regard remains relatively unexplored. This article aims to bridge this gap by shedding light on the case of the ‘F’ municipality. This exploration employs a qualitative approach through a case study method, involving semi-structured interviews with the municipality’s administrators. The findings highlight the municipality’s adept response to the crisis, embracing flexible crisis management strategies, digitalization, continuous learning, benchmarking, budgetary restructuring, and cost reassessment. Informed by these strategies, the municipality engages in decision-making. From an academic standpoint, this article makes a distinctive contribution by expanding the existing literature on managing local public services during a specific crisis, within the relatively unexplored context. On a practical note, the study’s results provide valuable insights for practitioners, offering opportunities for learning and sharing best practices. It serves as a valuable reference, particularly for municipalities that share similarities with the one investigated.

Стратегічне управління підприємством у контексті економіки вражень: інтеграція емоційного маркетингу в бізнес-модель

This article addresses the pressing issue of strategic enterprise management within the framework of the modern experience economy. The main objective of the article is to demonstrate the necessity of integrating emotional marketing into a company's business model to enhance its competitiveness and meet consumer needs. Various approaches to strategic management and their adaptation to the conditions in which preference is given to the emotional perception of products and services are analyzed. By reviewing, systematizing, and summarizing the scientific works of numerous scholars, the article emphasizes that traditional approaches to enterprise management no longer meet the contemporary market challenges. In the context of global competition, enterprises are compelled to seek new ways to attract and retain customers. A crucial component of this process is understanding the psychological aspects of consumer behavior, as well as the enterprise's ability to rapidly adapt its strategies to changing market demands. This not only ensures increased profitability but also enhances brand reputation. It is substantiated that the successful implementation of an emotional marketing strategy requires changes in enterprise management approaches at all levels—from operational to strategic. This includes the development of new methods for evaluating the efficiency of marketing activities focused on consumers' emotional responses, as well as the implementation of innovative technologies that allow for a better understanding and fulfillment of customer needs. The article also notes that the implementation of emotional marketing requires continuous market monitoring and a readiness for rapid changes on the part of enterprises. This entails the need for developing flexible management strategies that allow for quick responses to new trends and the adaptation of offerings to individual customer needs. Additionally, it is important to ensure synergy between different enterprise departments to maximize the impact of the implemented measures. Future research prospects in this area include developing specific approaches to evaluate the efficiency of integrating emotional marketing into an enterprise's business model, as well as analyzing the impact of such strategies on the long-term sustainability of the enterprise in a changing market environment.

A resilient and intelligent multi-objective energy management for a hydrogen-battery hybrid energy storage system based on MFO technique

In this paper, a new design and flexible energy management strategy are presented for microgrids. The proposed intelligent energy management system (IEMS) achieves effective integration between the resilient microcontroller, chosen for its rapid response speed and its capability to perform multiple operations simultaneously, and the optimization techniques to enhance the power quality. The IEMS is designed using the FPGA board, chosen for its flexibility and capability to handle multiple and complex operations simultaneously. The experimental testing of the IEMS demonstrates a significant level of effectiveness in managing energy. To enhance system performance and ensure cost-effective reliability, advanced optimization techniques are employed. This study deals with a complex multi-objective optimization problem involving the limitations of energy generation, load demand, and a hydrogen-battery hybrid energy storage system. The moth-flame optimization (MFO) algorithm is chosen to solve this optimization problem due to its rapid convergence rate and accuracy. The effectiveness of the MFO algorithm is assessed by comparing it with several new algorithms. The obtained results show the robust performance of the IEMS and its high responsiveness to dynamic operational scenarios. It can observe, gather, and analyze data in real-time. It achieves a remarkable 1.287 % reduction in operating costs within a short timeframe.

Decoding China's anthropogenic typical pollutant discharge patterns: Long-term dynamics and hotspot transitions driven by population, diet, and sanitation

Human activities have led to an alarming increase in pollution, resulting in widespread water contamination. A comprehensive understanding of the quantitative relationship between anthropogenic pollutant discharges and the escalating anthropogenic disturbances and environmental efforts is crucial for effective water quality management. Here we establish a Model for Estimating Anthropogenic pollutaNts diScharges (MEANS) and simulate the long-term dynamics of various types of anthropogenic discharges in China based on an unprecedented spatio-temporal dynamic parameter dataset. Our findings reveal that from 1980 to 2020, anthropogenic discharges exhibited an overall trend of initially increasing and subsequently decreasing, with the peak occurring around 2005. During this period, the dominant pollution sources in China shifted from urban to rural areas, thereby driving the transition of hotspot pollutants from nitrogen to phosphorus in the eastern regions. The most significant drivers of anthropogenic pollutant discharges gradually shifted from population size and dietary structure to wastewater treatment and agricultural factors. Furthermore, we observed that a significant portion of China's regions still exceed the safety thresholds for pollutant discharges, with excessive levels of total phosphorus (TP) being particularly severe. These findings highlight the need for flexible management strategies in the future to address specific pollution levels and hotspots in different regions. Our study underscores the importance of considering the complex interplay between anthropogenic disturbances, environmental efforts, and long-term anthropogenic pollutant discharges for effective water pollution control.

Управління венчурними структурами в умовах невизначеності

The study examines the problem of managing venture structures in conditions of uncer-tainty, where modern companies face unprecedented change and risk. The relevance of the re-search is due to global transformations, geopolitical conflicts, technological innovations and un-expected market changes. The article discusses strategies for managing venture structures in conditions of uncertainty, including adaptation to changes, portfolio diversification, and in-volvement of experts. The role of technological innovations in venture management is also con-sidered, including their impact on opportunity identification and process automation. Adaptive leadership is a crucial aspect of managing enterprises under conditions of uncertainty. This in-volves being flexible and responsive to the business's changing environment and challenges. The study's general conclusions indicate the need for flexible management strategies, the use of modern technologies and the development of new investment models to succeed in conditions of constant uncertainty and change. It is noted that the effective management of venture struc-tures is essential for the country's post-war recovery because it can become a catalyst for rapid economic recovery and stimulation of innovation. Venture capital contributes to the financing and development of innovative enterprises and technologies that can revolutionize various areas of the economy. This includes the development of new products, services and technologies that help solve social and economic problems. Creating a favorable ecosystem for venture capital can lead to the growth of innovative entrepreneurship and the attraction of important invest-ments in promising industries. This, in turn, contributes to the creation of new jobs, the devel-opment of new technological industries and the restoration of economic potential after a period of conflict and war. An important advantage is also the ability of venture capital to attract for-eign investments and contribute to the support of national innovative projects. This approach contributes to economic recovery and has a positive effect on the further development of the country. Prospects for further research include the analysis of the impact of global crises, regu-latory aspects and psychological factors on venture management and the expansion of coopera-tion between large corporations and startups in this context.

Preparing for Tomorrow's Challenges: Integrating Future Thinking into Crisis Management in Thai Higher Education

Background and Aim: Thailand's higher education institutions have several problems arising from demographic shifts, digital disruptions, geopolitical transformations, and environmental vulnerabilities. These circumstances call for the implementation of strategic foresight and flexible crisis management strategies, particularly in light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this review article is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the importance of maintaining continuity in future thinking as a proactive strategy for crisis management in the context of higher education in Thailand. Materials and Methods: The current paper serves as an academic platform that consolidates articles, books, and additional resources sourced from several online libraries. The previously mentioned scholarly essay effectively achieved its objectives by employing the methods of analysis and synthesis. The organization of the content in this academic work has been meticulously arranged to present an appropriate level of detail and depth to the research objectives outlined. Results: This academic article found that the application of forward-looking strategies in the management of crises within the Thai higher education system has the potential to bolster both resilience and sustainability. The essential components encompass proactive strategic planning, comprehensive scenario analysis, the integration of technical breakthroughs, and fostering collaborative efforts. This method guarantees the expansion and achievement of the sector within the dynamic higher education environment. Conclusion: Forward-looking strategies in Thai higher education management can enhance resilience and sustainability, involving proactive planning, scenario analysis, technical breakthrough integration, and collaborative efforts. To establish themselves as proactive agents of change, Thai higher education institutions must undergo a paradigm shift in their approach to crisis management. This necessitates dedication, cooperation, and embracing the inherent unpredictability. The benefits encompass a robust and future-oriented educational ecosystem that flourishes through challenges, influencing the trajectory of the industry.

Adopting Flexible Management Strategies to Transform Traditional Street Vendors into Sightseeing Night Markets

Although the problems left by the traditional stall economy have been solved, there are still many loopholes. Stallers need to survive, cities need to manage, and how to better promote the development of the stall economy has become a topic that must be explored. How to achieve a balance between urban construction and maintaining the "human fireworks" has become a difficult problem, so the viewpoint is proposed to develop the traditional street stall economy in the direction of sightseeing night markets. This article uses social interviews to uncover issues related to people's livelihoods, citing literature and charts for argumentation. Based on an understanding of the historical evolution of the night market economy, starting from a demand-oriented and management-oriented perspective, it analyzes the people's welfare brought by the tourism night market in terms of consumption, employment, and culture after achieving the transformation. Finally, it reflects on the existing problems of the tourism night market and applies flexible management thinking to address the existing problems from the perspectives of culture, subject, health, space and propose feasible measures for digitization. By building a sightseeing night market, empowering the service industry with a stall economy, and managing the night market through a people-oriented flexible management strategy, the benefits are significant.

Impact of demand side management approaches for the enhancement of voltage stability loadability and customer satisfaction index

This research work presents the tri-level optimization framework for the optimal scheduling of grid-connected and autonomous microgrids to diminish power losses and maximize loadability. Since the network's voltage profile depends on the loading level, the flexible load shaping-based demand-side management strategy is incorporated to investigate its impact on microgrid loadability. With the consideration of uncertain parameters related to renewable power generation, load demand, and power loss, voltage limit constraints, the resultant problem is formulated as a stochastic mixed-integer non-linear problem to enhance microgrid loadability and optimize daily operating costs. The interdependency of demand side management program and microgrid loadability is investigated. The seasonal load profiles covering the weekend and weekday loads in winter, summer, and spring/fall seasons are examined in this research work. The enhanced versions of the distribution networks IEEE-33 and IEEE-69 based microgrid test systems are chosen to evaluate the proposed framework in both off-grid and autonomous modes of operation. Simultaneously, the overall customer satisfaction index is evaluated and improved according to the seasonal load profiles winter weekday, winter-weekend, summer-weekday, summer-weekend, spring-weekday, and spring-weekend by 8.68%, 7.97%, 16.7%, 19.62%, 17.14%, 20.50% respectively. The recently reported Whale Optimization Algorithm is adopted to solve the proposed optimization problem, and the obtained simulation results are validated by comparing them with popular metaheuristic algorithms. The computational burden on the utility is reduced for optimal scheduling of grid-integrated microgrid to extract maximum power by maintaining network voltage profile.

ADAPTIVE RISK MANAGEMENT IN FOOD INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES: INTEGRATION OF STRATEGIES AND INNOVATIONS IN AN ENVIRONMENT OF ECONOMIC INSTABILITY

This article examines modern approaches and innovations in risk management at food industry enterprises. The focus is on the development of a comprehensive, multi-level risk management mechanism that combines both traditional and advanced methods of risk analysis, assessment, and minimization. The study emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive approach to identifying both external and internal risks, including monitoring market trends, political and environmental changes, and operational processes. Special attention is given to the development of flexible and adaptive risk management strategies capable of rapid modification in response to changes in the external environment and encompassing various response scenarios. The article highlights the significance of integrating modern technologies and analytical tools into the risk management process, including the use of big data, artificial intelligence, and machine learning for accurate forecasting and risk assessment. The author of the article points to the need to enhance the culture of risk management at all levels of the enterprise, including regular training and increasing employee awareness. The article underlines the importance of regular monitoring and evaluation of the effectiveness of the risk management system, as well as maintaining open communication with stakeholders and regular reporting on the state of risks and measures taken. Particular attention is paid to continuous improvement and integration of innovations to enhance the effectiveness of the risk management system, defining the significance and innovation of the integrated approach. The research results present significant interest for forming the theoretical basis of risk management, as well as for practical application in a real business environment, contributing to the formation of more resilient and innovative enterprises in the food industry. Keywords: adaptive management, enterprise, food industry, crisis management, economic instability, risk, integrated approach, strategy, innovation, risk management mechanism.

Understanding Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y in Human Resource Management

This paper explores the application of Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y in Human Resource Management (HRM), offering a comprehensive analysis of their implications for modern HR practices. Theory X posits that employees inherently dislike work, lack ambition, and need strict supervision and control to meet organizational objectives. It suggests that a managerial approach characterized by authoritative leadership and a rigid hierarchical structure is necessary to ensure productivity. Conversely, Theory Y presents a more optimistic view of employees, proposing that they are naturally motivated, seek responsibility, and can selfdirect. Theory Y advocates for participative management styles, emphasizing trust, empowerment, and opportunities for personal growth. Through an in-depth examination, this research evaluates how these theories influence various HR functions, including motivation strategies, leadership styles, performance management systems, and the overall organizational culture. It discusses the traditional and contemporary applications of these theories in real-world settings, providing case studies of organizations that predominantly use either Theory X or Theory Y principles. The analysis demonstrates that while Theory X can lead to efficient operations through stringent controls, it may also result in low employee morale and high turnover. On the other hand, Theory Y fosters a more innovative and engaging work environment, though it may present challenges in terms of maintaining consistent performance standards. The paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of integrating both theories in HR practices to address diverse employee needs and situational demands. It suggests that a balanced approach, tailored to specific organizational contexts and individual employee profiles, can optimize both productivity and employee satisfaction. This holistic view offers valuable insights for HR professionals aiming to develop flexible and effective management strategies that leverage the strengths of both Theory X and Theory Y.