Flexible Identification Research Articles

A laser marking system for flexible circuit identification

Abstract The ability to mark and read product identifications for tracking the flexible circuits in production lines is critical for a major inkjet pen manufacturer. The investigation showed that commercially available marking machines were not acceptable due to contamination, physical damage, and readability issues. This paper describes the development of a new laser-based integrated marking system and its development methodology. Failure modes effect analysis (FMEA) was used to identify and prioritize potential risks that led to output parameters for subsequent design of experiments (DOE). The input parameters were optimized for a small number of key output parameters. Qualification processes were then used to make sure that all risks were within acceptable ranges. An integrated marker was built to automatically differentiate flex types, enabling a foolproof marking. The key success factors and the three stages of implementation for the project were noted. The readability was 99.9% for the identification marks at the first manufacturing release. The system enabled product tracking and faster manufacturing problem diagnoses.

Clustering of non-polar contacts in proteins.

Hydrophobic or non-polar contacts in proteins are important for protein folding, protein stability and protein-protein interactions. In particular, in the interior of a protein, in the hydrophobic core, a large number of such contacts are found. The residues involved in these contacts often form a tightly packed cluster of atoms. It is useful for the understanding of protein structure to be able to identify and analyse such clusters. Tools for hierarchical cluster analysis of non-polar contacts in proteins are described. These tools allow for efficient identification of clusters of non-polar interactions in proteins, both internal clusters and clusters involved in protein-protein contacts. The non-polar contacts are represented by a dendrogram structure, which is a simple approach for flexible identification of clusters by visual inspection. The tools are demonstrated on the structure of crambin, the structure of the complex between human growth hormone and the human growth hormone binding protein, and a pair of lipase/esterase structures. On request from the author.

Building and training radiographic models for flexible object identification from incomplete data

The authors address the problem of identifying the projection of an object from incomplete data extracted from its radiographic image. They assume that the unknown object is a particular sample of a flexible object. Their approach consists first in designing a deformation model able to represent and to simulate a great variety of samples of the flexible object radiographic projection. This modellisation is achieved using a training set of complete data. Then, given the incomplete data, the identification task consists in estimating the observed object using the deformation model. The proposed modelling extracts from the training set, not only the deformation modes, but also other relevant information (such as probability distributions on the deformations, relations between deformations) to use it to regularise the identification step.

A floristic framework of Australian rainforests

AbstractIn the first comprehensive floristic classification of Australian rainforests and monsoon forests, fresh insights made possible by the use of floristic as distinct from structural data are outlined. A set of 561 individual communities, on sites ranging from North Queensland westwards to the Kimberley region and southwards to Tasmania, is defined by the presence or absence of 1316 tree species, or 406 genera. The data have been subjected to numerical classification, first with respect to species, then to genera.The species classification first divides into three ‘ecofloristic regions’: A, temperate (microtherm) and subtropical (mesotherm) humid evergreen rainforests; B, tropical (megatherm) humid evergreen grading into highly seasonal raingreen (monsoon) forests; and C, subtropical (mesotherm) moderately seasonal humid/subhumid raingreen forests. The sites are further divided into eight ‘ecofloristic provinces’, for each of which a core area is identified and the ten most common diagnostic tree species listed for selected floristic elements, whose ecological relationships are briefly described.Gradients of quantitative thermal‐moisture indices are added to standard climatic typology to provide a more flexible identification of local climates that characterize community‐types of each province across a wide latitudinal/altitudinal range. Community disjuncts and outliers of a particular province are interpreted as the results of past environmental sifting (in which ecological factors are not entirely determinate), of previously more continuous rainforest vegetation.The genera classification first divides into humid eastern coastal and subhumid western and subcoastal sites, then four thermal types, and finally nine groups of floristic ‘paleo‐provinces’. Where the species and genera classifications are not in substantial agreement, a wide‐ranging generic element across the provinces in northern and northeastern Australia is interpreted in paleogeographic terms.The relict distribution of existing community types, as the result of climatic sifting of ancient floral stocks, is discussed in support of emerging ideas about the autochthony of Australian rainforests, especially those tropical types that are not intrusive.It is argued that the unique ecological relationships of Australian rainforests justify the most conservative uses of the relatively small remaining areas.

Structured generation and manipulation of graphical objects

Graphic languages in the form of subroutine packages can be both efficient and comfortable to use if the language features are structured very carefully. This is demonstrated by the clear picture structure, the simple but powerful operations on graphical objects, and the flexible identification mechanism realized in the graphical subroutine package LLGL.