Flat Shape Research Articles

Improving Student Learning Outcomes in Determining the Area and Perimeter of Flat Shapes Through the Use of Drill Method

Interaction between students, teachers, and learning materials in a classroom setting constitutes the process of learning. The system that makes up the learning environment is made up of teachers, students, learning materials, strategies, and tools. Therefore, the following is the goal of increasing learning: Increasing student learning outcomes in the area of area and perimeter of flat buildings through the implementation of the drill method in the mathematics learning process. There were twenty pupils in class IV at SD Cita Hati Surabaya, nine of them were male and eleven of whom were female, working on the repairs. The examination and discussion of the aforementioned challenges yielded results that demonstrate how teachers implement the learning improvement program in order to enhance students' learning outcomes in the topic of mathematics. Using the drill approach can improve students' learning objectives of "Area and Perimeter of Flat Shapes" in mathematics class. Student learning outcomes after using the drill method show an increase in significance towards their learning objectives.

Vacuum Plasma Treatment Device for Enhancing Fibroblast Activity on Machined and Rough Titanium Surfaces.

This study was conducted to compare the effects of an innovative plasma surface treatment device that does not need a gas supply for titanium disks with two different surface topographies: the prototypical machined surface (MAC) and one of the most diffused roughened ones (SL) obtained through grit blasting and acid etching. A total of 200-MAC and 200-SL titanium disks were used. Each group of disks was divided into four sub-groups of 40 samples each that were subjected to five different tests. Among these, 150-MAC and 150-SL were considered the test group, and they were treated with plasma for 15, 30, and 60 s after being removed from the sterile packaging. On the other hand, 50-MAC and 50-SL were considered the control group, and they were only removed from sterile plastic vials. The samples were analyzed to evaluate the capability of the plasma treatment in influencing protein adsorption, cell adhesion, proliferation, and microbial growth on the test group disks when compared to the untreated disks. Protein adsorption was significantly enhanced after 20 min of plasma treatment for 15 and 30 s on the MAC and SL disks. Plasma treatment for 15 and 30 s significantly increased the level of adhesion in both treated samples after 30 min. Furthermore, the MAC samples showed a significant increase in cell adhesion 4 h after plasma treatment for 15 s. The SEM analysis highlighted that, on the treated samples (especially on the MAC disks), the cells with a polygonal and flat shape prevailed, while the fusiform- and globular-shaped cells were rare. The encouraging results obtained further confirm the effectiveness of plasma treatments on cell adhesion and fibroblast activity.

Integrated Experimental and Mathematical Exploration of Modular Tissue Cultures for Developmental Engineering.

Developmental engineering (DE) involves culturing various cells on modular scaffolds (MSs), yielding modular tissues (MTs) assembled into three-dimensional (3D) tissues, mimicking developmental biology. This study employs an integrated approach, merging experimental and mathematical methods to investigate the biological processes in MT cultivation and assembly. Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were cultured on tissue culture plastics, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) discs with regular open structures, or spherical poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) MSs, respectively. Notably, HDFs exhibited flattened spindle shapes when adhered to solid surfaces, and complex 3D structures when migrating into the structured voids of PLA discs or interstitial spaces between aggregated PMMA MSs, showcasing coordinated colonization of porous scaffolds. Empirical investigations led to power law models simulating density-dependent cell growth on solid surfaces or voids. Concurrently, a modified diffusion model was applied to simulate oxygen diffusion within tissues cultured on solid surfaces or porous structures. These mathematical models were subsequently combined to explore the influences of initial cell seeding density, culture duration, and oxygen diffusion on MT cultivation and assembly. The findings underscored the intricate interplay of factors influencing MT design for tissue assembly. The integrated approach provides insights into mechanistic aspects, informing bioprocess design for manufacturing MTs and 3D tissues in DE.

Analysis Analysis of the ability to understand junior high school mathematics concepts in the material of quadrilaterals

Build a flat quadrangle It is a certain line segment which is joined by four points where the points are not in a line, which in pairs meet at the ends and each line segment must meet with two corners which are formed called the corners in a quadrilateral with the corner points being the four points the. Quadrilateral shapes include squares, rectangles, parallelograms, rhombuses, kites and trapezoids. (Nadjib, 2014) The aim of this research is to determine and describe the ability to understand mathematical concepts of rectangular flat shapes at Al-Hidayah Sukorejo Middle School Class VII. The research is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. The data collection technique is a sampling technique. From 37 students we take 4 students from the highest score to the lowest score. The results will show their respective understanding abilities towards the mathematical concept of flat shapes.

Development of Ethnomathematics-Based Module to Improve Students’ Critical Thinking Skills

Critical thinking skills are crucial for students as they are closely tied to their problem-solving capabilities. This study aims to develop a teaching module integrated with the ethnomathematics of the Jam Gadang architecture to enhance students' critical thinking skills on the topic of flat shapes. This research adopts a Research and Development (RD) approach using the Plomp model. The study involves fifth-grade students from a state elementary school in Sungai Jariang in a one-to-one and small-group method trial class, and a state elementary school in Pahambatan Balingka as a field trial class. Data analysis employs validity analysis techniques, practicality analysis techniques utilizing a Likert scale, and effectiveness analysis techniques using a one-group pretest-posttest design. The research instruments include a questionnaire and a critical thinking test. Validation of the teaching module instrument scored 3.6, and student worksheets (LKPD) scored 3.83, both falling into the highly valid category. The practicality of the teaching module reached 92.86%, while the practicality of student worksheets (LKPD) reported 91.18% from the students' perspective and 95.85% from the teacher's perspective, all categorized as highly practical. The Jam Gadang integrated learning modules for ethnomathematics were declared effective in the medium category based on the calculated N-Gain value in field trials of 0.51. Thus, this learning module is suitable for use in improving students' critical thinking skills.

Diagnosis of <em>Moniezia expansa</em> in Babylon and Karbala butchery's sheep

Moniezia expansa is a prevalent species of tapeworm that poses potential health risks to sheep and other ruminant animals. Its distribution is global, including regions such as Babylon and Karbala. The diagnosis of Moniezia expansa in sheep processed through butcheries and abattoirs in these areas typically follows a structured approach. A crucial aspect of the diagnostic process involves postmortem examination, where butchers and inspectors meticulously inspect the sheep's intestines. The small intestines, particularly the jejunum and ileum, often serve as habitats for Moniezia expansa tapeworms. During visual inspection, professionals identify the presence of adult tapeworms or their segments. Subsequently, the identified tapeworm segments undergo specific identification procedures. Typical Moniezia expansa segments exhibit a flat and rectangular shape, often appearing broader than their length and extending several centimeters. Between March 2020 and February 2021, 266 random samples of small intestines were collected from sheep slaughtered in Babylon and Karbala butcheries. The study results indicate that the parasite had a widespread presence in both regions, with infection rates of 30.45% (37.78%, 28.47%) for Babylon and Karbala, respectively. The highest infection rate, reaching 48.71%, was observed during the summer season, particularly in July.

Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Matematika Materi Sifat-Sifat Bangun Datar Dan Bangun Ruang Melalui Strategi True Or False Pada Siswa Kelas VI Semester Genap SDN 009 Bonai Darussalam Kabupaten Rokan Hulu

The aim of carrying out this research is: to improve learning outcomes for class VI Mathematics students on the subject of Properties of Flat Shapes through the True Or False Strategy at SDN 009 Bonai Darussalam, Rokan Hulu Regency, Academic Year 2020/2021. The subject of this classroom action research is Mathematics, the main material is about the Properties of Flat Shapes using the True or False learning strategy, for class VI students at SDN 009 Bonai Darussalam, Rokan Hulu Regency, Rokan Hulu Regency, with a total of 16 students. The learning improvement research location is at SDN 009 Bonai Darussalam, Rokan Hulu Regency. When this research was carried out in two cycles, cycle I was 8 February – 11 February 2021, cycle II was 22 February – 25 February 2021. The results of this research were that learning with the True or False strategy had a positive impact in improving Mathematics learning outcomes regarding the characteristics of Characteristics of Flat Buildings in Class VI Students of SDN 009 Bonai Darussalam, Rokan Hulu Regency, Rokan Hulu Regency. This can be seen in Cycle I, of the 16 students who completed as many as 9 students (56.25%) and those who did not complete as many as 7 students (43.75%). Meanwhile, in Cycle II, there were 14 students who completed (87.50%) and 2 students (12.50%) who did not complete. So, after Cycle II was held, student learning outcomes increased by 31.25%.

Description of Students' Mathematical Problem Solving Ability on Flat Build Material Based on Gender Class VIII Mts Ar-Rahman Kaju

This research is a qualitative research with a descriptive approach which aims to determine the description of students' mathematical problem solving abilities in flat shapes material based on Gender Class VIII MTs Ar-Rahman Kaju which is arranged based on indicators of problem solving abilities, namely indicators of understanding problems, planning solutions, resolving problems and examining return. The data obtained is the result of interviews with 2 male students and 2 female students. The data collection methods used were observation, interviews and problem solving ability tests. The results in this study show that female students are better at solving mathematics problems than male students. It can be seen from this research that female students completed all four indicators of mathematical problem solving ability, while male students were only able to complete two of the indicators of mathematical problem solving ability.

Exploring a Novel Material and Approach in 3D-Printed Wrist-Hand Orthoses

This article proposes the integration of two novel aspects into the production of 3D-printed customized wrist-hand orthoses. One aspect involves the material, particularly Colorfabb varioShore thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) filament with an active foaming agent, which allows adjusting the 3D-printed orthoses’ mechanical properties via process parameters such as printing temperature. Consequently, within the same printing process, by using a single extrusion nozzle, orthoses with varying stiffness levels can be produced, aiming at both immobilization rigidity and skin-comfortable softness. This capability is harnessed by 3D-printing the orthosis in a flat shape via material extrusion-based additive manufacturing, which represents the other novel aspect. Subsequently, the orthosis conforms to the user’s upper limb shape after secure attachment, or by thermoforming in the case of a bi-material solution. A dedicated design web app, which relies on key patient hand measurement input, is also proposed, differing from the 3D scanning and modeling approach that requires engineering expertise and 3D scan data processing. The evaluation of varioShore TPU orthoses with diverse designs was conducted considering printing time, cost, maximum flexion angle, comfort, and perceived wrist stability as criteria. As some of the produced TPU orthoses lacked the necessary stiffness around the wrist or did not properly fit the palm shape, bi-material orthoses including polylactic acid (PLA) inserts of varying sizes were 3D-printed and assessed, showing an improved stiffness around the wrist and a better hand shape conformity. The findings demonstrated the potential of this innovative approach in creating bi-material upper limb orthoses, capitalizing on various characteristics such as varioShore properties, PLA thermoforming capabilities, and the design flexibility provided by additive manufacturing technology.

EFEKTIVITAS VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS ETNOMATEMATIKA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENENTUKAN KELILING BANGUN DATAR PADA ANAK TUNADAKSA

The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of ethnomathematics-based learning videos to improve the ability to determine the circumference of flat shapes in children with physical impairments. The approach used in this research is SSR with an A-B-A design. This research was carried out in 14 meetings divided into 3 phases, the first phase, namely baseline (A1), was carried out in 3 meetings, showing stable results with a score of 20%. The second phase, namely intervention (B), was carried out in 8 meetings, showed an increase with a score of 70% to 90% and showed stability at the 6th to 8th meetings. The final phase, namely baseline (A2), was carried out in 3 meetings, showing stable results with a score of 90%. These results show an increase in the ability to determine the circumference of flat shapes with ethnomathematics-based learning videos for children with physical impairments.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF ETHNOMATHEMATICS-BASED STUDENT WORKSHEETS (LKPD) IN MATHEMATICS FOR FOURTH GRADE STUDENTS

This study aims to determine the quality of Ethnomathematics-based math worksheet learning plans for fourth grade students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah on the material circumference and area of flat shapes. The type of research used is research and development with the ADDIE model. The data source for this research was obtained from the validation results of three validators and the results of student questionnaires. The data collection technique uses a validation questionnaire. The results showed that this study used five steps, namely the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation stages. The results of the validity of the Ethnomathematics-based mathematics LKPD were 77.46 in the good category. While the results of the student questionnaire assessment were 84.15 in the good category. The quality of Ethnomatematics-based math worksheets for fourth graders of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah can be seen from two aspects, namely the results of expert validation and the results of student questionnaires, both of which obtained good.

INFLUENCE OF THE POLES SHAPE OF DC ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR ON ITS THRUST CHARACTERISTIC

Many technical objects use the electromagnetic DC actuators, which, unlike AC actuators, are more reliable, simpler in terms of manufacturing technology and have greater wear resistance. The listed advantages are the reason for the significant use of DC actuators in various industries including application as drive mechanisms of electrical devices. The DC actuator as a part of any technical object almost always plays one of the main roles from the point of view of reliable operation of entire device. Therefore the question of studying the designs of actuators and their characteristics is a rather topical task. Three designs of forward-moving electromagnetic DC actuators with the same overall dimensions and winding data are studied. They differ in the shapes of the supporting surfaces of poles, in other words, the surfaces with flat, conical and cut-conical shapes. As established, the shape of the supporting surfaces of poles has a significant impact on the thrust characteristics of the actuator and depending on the length of air gap this effect has a different character. The patterns of magnetic field of the studied actuators with an attracted armature are constructed, and the nature of magnetic field distribution and magnetic flux density distribution in operated gap are evaluated. The nature of the influence of cutting angle on static thrust characteristic for actuators with conical and cut-conical pole shapes is studied too. References 21, table 1, figures 7.

Multilayered Shape-Morphing Scaffolds with a Hierarchical Structure for Uterine Tissue Regeneration.

Owing to dysfunction of the uterus, millions of couples around the world suffer from infertility. Different from conventional treatments, tissue engineering provides a new and promising approach to deal with difficult problems such as human tissue or organ failure. Adopting scaffold-based tissue engineering, three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds in combination with stem cells and appropriate biomolecules may be constructed for uterine tissue regeneration. In this study, a hierarchical tissue engineering scaffold, which mimicked the uterine tissue structure and functions, was designed, and the biomimicking scaffolds were then successfully fabricated using solvent casting, layer-by-layer assembly, and 3D bioprinting techniques. For the multilayered, hierarchical structured scaffolds, poly(l-lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate) (PLLA-co-TMC, "PLATMC" in short) and poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) blends were first used to fabricate the shape-morphing layer of the scaffolds, which was to mimic the function of myometrium in uterine tissue. The PLATMC/PLGA polymer blend scaffolds were highly stretchable. Subsequently, after etching of the PLATMC/PLGA surface and employing estradiol (E2), polydopamine (PDA), and hyaluronic acid (HA), PDA@E2/HA multilayer films were formed on PLATMC/PLGA scaffolds to build an intelligent delivery platform to enable controlled and sustained release of E2. The PDA@E2/HA multilayer films also improved the biological performance of the scaffold. Finally, a layer of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-laden hydrogel [which was a blend of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and gelatin (Gel)] was 3D printed on the PDA@E2/HA multilayer films of the scaffold, thereby completing the construction of the hierarchical scaffold. BMSCs in the GelMA/Gel hydrogel layer exhibited excellent cell viability and could spread and be released eventually upon biodegradation of the GelMA/Gel hydrogel. It was shown that the hierarchically structured scaffolds could evolve from the initial flat shape into the tubular structure completely in an aqueous environment at 37 °C, fulfilling the requirement for curved scaffolds for uterine tissue engineering. The biomimicking scaffolds with a hierarchical structure and curved shape, high stretchability, and controlled and sustained E2 release appear to be very promising for uterine tissue regeneration.

Speech Enhancement Using Joint DNN-NMF Model Learned with Multi-Objective Frequency Differential Spectrum Loss Function

We propose a multi-objective joint model of non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) and deep neural network (DNN) with a new loss function for speech enhancement. The proposed loss function (LMOFD) is a weighted combination of a frequency differential spectrum mean squared error (MSE)-based loss function (LFD) and a multi-objective MSE loss function LMO. The conventional MSE loss function computes the discrepancy between the estimated speech and clean speech across all frequencies, disregarding the process of changing amplitude in the frequency domain which contains valuable information. The differential spectrum representation retains spectral peaks that carry important information. Using this representation helps to ensure that this information in the speech signal is reserved. Also, on the other hand, noise spectra typically have a flat shape and as the differential operation makes the flat spectral partly close to zero, the differential spectrum is resistant to noises with smooth structures. Thus, we propose using a frequency-differentiated loss function that considers the magnitude spectrum differentiations between the neighboring frequency bins in each time frame. This approach maintains the spectrum variations of the objective signal in the frequency domain, which can effectively reduce the noise deterioration effects. The multi-objective MSE term LMO is a combined two-loss function related to the NMF coefficients which are the intermediate output targets, and the original spectral signals as the actual output targets. The use of encoded NMF coefficients as low-dimensional structural features for DNN serves as prior knowledge and helps the learning process. LMO is used beside LFD to take advantage of both the properties of the original and the differential spectrum in the training loss function. Moreover, a DNN-based noise classification and fusion strategy (NCF) is proposed to exploit a discriminative model for noise reduction. The experiments reveal the improvements of the proposed approach compared to the previous methods.

PENGARUH MEDIA JERUK BALI MELALUI PENDEKATAN PMRI MATERI LUAS DAN KELILING BANGUN DATAR KELAS VI

This research aims to investigate the influence of using Bali orange media through the Realistic Mathematics Education (PMRI) approach on the subject of area and perimeter of flat shapes among sixth-grade students at SDN 7 Gondosari. The research method employed is quantitative descriptive. The sample was obtained using Nonprobability Sampling technique with a total sampling method, involving a population of 36 students, which also represents the sample size in this study. The data collection instrument used was a test. Data collection techniques involved observation, tests, and documentation. The research findings indicate that the average learning outcome, previously at 50, increased to 70. Therefore, the use of Bali orange media influences students' learning outcomes.

Utilization of Macromedia Flash in Mathematics Learning

This research is to find out whether there is an increase in mathematics learning outcomes in flat shape material after being taught using learning media using macromedia flash and how to find out the effectiveness of learning using learning media using macromedia flash. This research was carried out at the Palopo Model State MTs for the 2021/2022 Academic Year. This research uses The One Group Pretest-Posttes Design. The experimental units in this study were determined randomly from all class VII. The data collection technique in this study was to use tests, namely pretest and posttest, student activity observation sheets and student response questionnaires. The results of students' mathematics learning before being taught using learning media by utilizing macromedia flash on flat shape materials have an average value of 50.50. The results of students' mathematics learning after being taught using learning media by utilizing macromedia flash on flat shape material have an average value of 72.65. Student activity when learning media was applied using macromedia flash on flat shape material was active, namely 2.68. Student response when learning media was applied using macromedia flash on flat shape material was in the good category, namely 3.1. There is an increase in mathematics learning outcomes in students' flat shape material after being taught using learning media using macromedia flash with an average acquisition of 72.65. The results of inferential statistical analysis using the t-test concluded that learning media using macromedia flash on student data structure material is said to be effective because it meets the criteria for learning effectiveness. The novelty in this study can be seen in the average achievement of each good aspect of learning media using Macromedia Flash which is in the active category, as well as the responses of students who are taught with learning media using Macromedia Flash which are in the good category.

Thickness of the Medial Pretarsal Adipose Tissue in the Upper Eyelid among the Japanese Population.

To investigate the medial pretarsal adipose tissue thickness of the upper eyelid in the Japanese population. Sixty-two whole upper eyelids were harvested from 35 Japanese cadavers and fixed in paraffin. The samples were cut into 5 µm sagittal microsections and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, as well as Masson's trichrome. Data obtained from images and measurements were taken with Aperio ScanScope and ImageScope software and underwent statistical analysis. The samples were divided into 3 shapes sagittal cross-sections of the eyelid (triangular, rectangular, and flat) corresponding to the shape of the medial pretarsal adipose tissue. Type I (triangular shape, 48.4%) had a ratio of fat thickness at 1⁄2 tarsal height to peak fat thickness of <0.9, and type IIa (rectangular shape, 30.6%) and IIb (flat shape, 21.0%) had pretarsal adipose tissue thickness to tarsal height ratio of ≥0.2 and <0.2, respectively. The mean values of tarsal thickness at 1⁄2 tarsal height were 1021 µm for the type I group, 1100 µm for the type IIa group, and 764.4 µm for the type IIb group ( p = 0.01). The mean values of fat thickness at 1⁄2 tarsal height were 410.6 µm for the type I group, 303.3 µm for the type IIa group, and 242.6 µm for the type IIb group ( p = 0.26). The thickness of the medial pretarsal adipose tissue was different according to the shape of the sagittal cross-section of the eyelid. Awareness of the medial pretarsal adipose tissue thickness contributes to effective suture placement and safe suture depth during blepharoptosis surgery.

Peningkatan Keaktifan dan Hasil Belajar Materi Keliling dan Luas Bangun Datar Menggunakan Model PBL Siswa Kelas IV SD Muhammadiyah Kemiri

This study aims to enhance the engagement and academic performance of fourth grade students at SD Muhammadiyah Kemiri in the subject of perimeter and area of flat shapes in Mathematics using the Problem Based Learning approach. The findings revealed an increase in students' engagement levels. In the pre-cycle stage, only 37% of students were actively engaged, which rose to 50% in the first cycle's first meeting and 58% in the second meeting, resulting in an average engagement level of 52% in the first cycle. In the second cycle, the engagement levels further improved, with the first meeting reaching 79% and the second meeting reaching 91%, resulting in an average engagement level of 85% in the very active category. Additionally, student academic performance also saw improvement. The percentage of students achieving learning completeness increased from 68% in the pre-cycle stage to 80% in cycle I, a 12% increase, and further to 100% in cycle II, demonstrating significant improvement in the very good category. In conclusion, the implementation of the Problem Based Learning model in teaching Mathematics related to perimeter and area of flat shapes has shown to enhance both student engagement and academic performance in the fourth grade at SD Muhammadiyah Kemiri.

DEVELOPMENT OF ONE PAIR ALL SHAPE FOR PLANE FIGURES MATERIALS IN GRADE VII OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

This research aims to provide a solution to the challenges encountered in learning mathematics, particularly regarding plane figures. This specific area of study necessitates teaching aids that can effectively illustrate plane figures to students. The research primarily focuses on developing a teaching prop that enhances students' comprehension of flat shape materials. The study follows a research and development methodology, which involves product development and quality assessment. For data analysis, descriptive quantitative methods utilizing Sugiyono's descriptive percentage technique are employed to evaluate the product's validity. Based on material and media validation tests, the "One Pair All Shape" prop meets the criteria for both material and form suitability, as assessed by four validators. The material expert validation resulted in an 86.7% rating, while the media expert validation yielded an 84% rating, indicating a very valid category for both aspects.

Enhancing Mathematical Learning Achievements for First-Grade Students at SDN Kebagusan 04 Pagi, South Jakarta Through Cooperative Learning Model Implementation

Mathematics is an abstract discipline that involves concepts and ideas derived from logical reasoning and practical applications in the real world. The objective of this study is to assess the academic achievements in mathematics, specifically in the area of basic flat shapes, among first-grade students at SDN Kebagusan 04 Pagi, located in South Jakarta. The study will utilize the cooperative learning method known as group investigation. The study will utilize the cooperative learning method known as group investigation, which is a specific type of cooperative learning model. This study employs a cyclical framework based on the Kemmis &amp; McTaggart model, which comprises four stages: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The research findings indicated a rise in students' proficiency in mathematics. The mean scores of the students are as follows: pre-cycle 63.00, cycle I 66.00, and cycle II 82.00. Additionally, there was a rise in the proportion of students who attained the minimum level of completeness. Specifically, in the pre-cycle, 33.33% of students achieved this level, while in cycle I, the percentage increased to 40.00%, and in cycle II, it further rose to 80.00%. In conclusion, the implementation of the group investigation cooperative learning approach has the potential to enhance students' academic achievements and comprehension of mathematical concepts.