Flame Photometric Detector Research Articles

Dissipation behaviour and dietary risk evaluation of pesticides on cucumber.

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is the world's most widely consumed salad vegetable, and it is frequently treated with pesticides to prevent pest and disease outbreaks. Pesticide residues in food commodities impede trade and pose a major health risk. Prior to residue estimation, the QuEChERS approach was validated utilising criteria such as limit of detection, limit of quantitation, linearity, accuracy, and precision. The residues of carbendazim, cypermethrin, ethion, profenofos, quinalphos, and triazophos were examined using a Gas Chromatograph equipped with an Electron Capture Detector or a Flame Photometric Detector and a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a photo diode array. The initial deposits of carbendazim, cypermethrin, ethion, profenofos, quinalphos, and triazophos at the prescribed dose were 1.235, 0.407, 0.817, 0.960, 0.628, and 0.985mg/kg, respectively, with a pre-harvest interval of 5.58-11.30days. According to the consumer risk evaluation data, the Hazard Quotient is less than one, and the Theoretical Maximum Dietary Intake is less than the Maximum Permissible Intake and Maximum Residue Limit, both of which are considered safe for human consumption at the authorised dose.

Temporal distribution and ecological risk assessment for pesticides in water from the north-central coastal zone of Sinaloa, Mexico

Water contamination with pesticides is one of the major pollution problems in northwestern Mexico, and this is due to the extensive use of pesticides in agriculture. In this research, water samples of ten sampling sites (fishing grounds, beaches, and both) were analyzed in the search for 28 pesticides (organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates, among other chemical classes), supplemented with a calculation of the resulting potential environmental risk. Pesticides were separated from the matrix by liquid-liquid extraction and quantified by gas chromatography coupled to electron micro-capture (organohalogenated) and pulsed flame photometric detectors (organophosphates). In addition, the ecotoxicological risk of pesticides in algae, invertebrates, and fish was assessed, based on seawater pesticide concentrations using the Risk Quotient (RQ) and Toxic Units (TU) approach. The results showed 18 pesticides identified in the analyzed samples, where cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos were identified with the maximum concentrations of 1.223 and 0.994 μg L-1, respectively. In addition, these two pesticides have been associated with acute toxic effects on algae, invertebrates, and fish. It is important to pay particular attention to the search for long-term alternatives to the use of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin due to their high detection rates and the risks associated with their toxic properties. However, the adoption of alternative measures to synthetic pesticide control should be a priority, moving towards sustainable practices such as the use of biopesticides, crop rotation and polycultures.

Comparative investigation on the aroma profiles of edible citrus flowers in the main organs and different developmental stages

Pomelo flowers emit a strong fragrance and give aromatic odors. Volatile compounds from pomelo flowers were analyzed at three developmental stages and in the main organs by molecular sensory science. A total of 134 volatiles including 25 odorants, were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry/pulsed flame photometric detector (GC–MS/PFPD) and multidimensional GC–MS/olfactory (MDGC–MS/O). The total volatile content varied among pomelo flowers at different developmental stages (stage-III > stage-II > stage-I) and among different organs of pomelo flowers (petal > pistil > stamen). Linalool was an important odorant with a high OAV, and floral/fruity comprised the predominant aroma profile. Four odorants, ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, linalool, β-myrcene, and 2-butenal, were selected based on variable importance in projection (VIP) values and contributed mainly to the discrimination of pomelo flowers at three different developmental stages. Linalool, β-myrcene, d-limonene, and ethyl hexanoate were potential markers for evaluating flavor differences in pomelo floral organs.

Development, Demonstration, and Evaluation of Routine Monitoring of Aerosol Carbon, Oxygen, and Sulfur Content.

Traditional online measurements of the chemical composition of particulate matter have relied on expensive and complex research-grade instrumentation based on mass spectrometry and/or chromatography. However, routine monitoring requires lower-cost alternatives that can be operated autonomously, and such tools are lacking. Routine monitoring of particulate matter, especially organic aerosol, relies instead on offline techniques such as filter collection that require significant operator effort. To address this gap, we present here a new online instrument, the "ChemSpot", that provides information on organic aerosol mass loading, volatility, and degree of oxygenation, along with sulfur content. The instrument grows particles with water condensation, impacts them onto a passivated surface with low heat capacity, and uses stepped thermal desorption of analytes to a combination of flame ionization detector (FID) and flame photometric detector (FPD) and then to a CO2 detector downstream of the FID/FPD setup. By relying on detectors designed for gas chromatography, calibration is achieved almost entirely through the introduction of gases without the need for regular introduction of particle-phase calibrants. Particle collection efficiency of greater than 95% was achieved consistently, and the collection cell was shown to rapidly and precisely heat to ∼800 °C at a rate as fast as 10 °C per second. Measurements of total organic carbon, volatility distribution of organic aerosol, total sulfur, and oxygen-to-carbon ratio (O:C) collected during a continuous multi-week period are presented here to demonstrate the autonomous operation of "ChemSpot". Colocated measurements with a mass spectrometer, an aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM), show good correlation and relatively low bias between the instruments (mean absolute percentage error of 21% and 27% for organic carbon and equivalent sulfate measurements, respectively).

Flameless Operating Mode for Improved Multiple Flame Photometric Detection in Gas Chromatography

Flameless Operating Mode for Improved Multiple Flame Photometric Detection in Gas Chromatography

Analysis of Three Dimethyl Sulfides in Freshwater Lakes Using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography with Flame Photometric Detection

Dimethyl sulfides are ubiquitous odorous substances in eutrophic freshwater bodies. In this study, a simple headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-flame photometric detection method was developed to detect three representative algal-derived dimethyl sulfides in freshwater lake water samples: dimethyl monosulfide (DMS), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), and dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS). The effects of extraction fiber, temperature, pH, ionic strength, and sample volume were investigated orthogonally, and the optimized method was applied to analyze surface water samples from Lake Ulansuhai in Inner Mongolia, China. Optimal extraction was obtained with a 50/30 µm DVB/CAR/PDMS extraction fiber, 20% ion concentration, 87 min extraction time, and 50 °C extraction temperature. The correlation coefficients of the standardized working curves for DMS, DMDS, and DMTS were 0.9967, 0.9907, and 0.9994, respectively, indicating good linear relationships. Limits of detection were in the nanogram range, and the recoveries of the spiked standards for DMS, DMDS, and DMTS were 97.22~99.07%, 93.39~99.34%, and 91.17~99.25%, with relative standard deviations of 5.18~5.94%, 3.08~6.25%, and 2.56~5.47%, respectively. This method is stable and reliable, and can be used for the determination of volatile sulfides in freshwater lake water.

Characteristic Evaluation of Gas Chromatography with Different Detectors for Accurate Determination of Sulfur Hexafluoride.

Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), which survives in the atmosphere for an extremely long period of time, is the most potent greenhouse gas regulated under the Kyoto Protocol. So, the accurate monitoring of atmospheric SF6 plays an important role in the study of the control policies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The instruments for SF6 measurement are typically calibrated using certified reference materials. The concentrations of the commercially available SF6 reference materials usually have a broad range, from 1 μmol/mol to 6000 μmol/mol. Some characteristics including sensitivity, linear range, relative standard deviation, and accuracy are crucial for the determination of SF6 in such a broad concentration range. Therefore, the selection of a proper detector for the accurate determination of SF6 with such a broad range is extremely important to establish a gas chromatography (GC) method for developing SF6 reference materials. In this paper, several typical GC methods with different detectors, including a thermal conductivity detector (TCD), a pulsed discharge helium ionization detector (PDHID), and a flame photometric detector (FPD), were carefully established for the accurate determination of SF6 with different concentrations. The results show that an FPD detector has a relatively narrow linearity range, thus a quadratic equation should be established for building a calibration curve. The PDHID and TCD have good linearity with coefficients of 1.0000 in the concentration range of 10-100 μmol/mol (using a PDHID), and 100-1000 μmol/mol (using a TCD), respectively. Further considering the measurement errors of indication results, the PDHID is suitable for SF6 measurement when the concentrations are below 100 μmol/mol, whereas the TCD is suitable for SF6 measurement when the concentrations are over 100 μmol/mol. These results provide useful guidance in choosing an appropriate GC detector for the accurate determination of SF6, which are especially very helpful for developing SF6 reference materials.

Analysis and characterization of sulfane sulfur

In the late 1970s, sulfane sulfur was defined as sulfur atoms covalently bound only to sulfur atoms. However, this definition was not generally accepted, as it was slightly vague and difficult to comprehend. Thus, in the early 1990s, it was defined as “bound sulfur,” which easily converts to hydrogen sulfide upon reduction with a thiol-reducing agent.H2S-related bound sulfur species include persulfides (R–SSH), polysulfides (H2Sn, n ≥ 2 or R–S(S)nS–R, n ≥ 1), and protein-bound elemental sulfur (S0). Many of the biological effects currently associated with H2S may be attributed to persulfides and polysulfides. In the 20th century, quantitative determination of “sulfane sulfur” was conventionally performed using a reaction called cyanolysis. Several methods have been developed over the past 30 years. Current methods used for the detection of H2S and polysulfides include colorimetric assays for methylene blue formation, sulfide ion-selective or polarographic electrodes, gas chromatography with flame photometric or sulfur chemiluminescence detection, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis with fluorescent derivatization of sulfides, liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, the biotin switch technique, and the use of sulfide or polysulfide-sensitive fluorescent probes. In this review, we discuss the methods reported to date for measuring sulfane sulfur and the results obtained using these methods.

Comprehensive analysis of refrigerant R134a: Implications for estimating and managing greenhouse gas emissions

This study introduces a comprehensive analytical method for assessing refrigerant purity, offering various insights into accurate and precise estimations of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the reclamation of refrigerants. Samples of three different states of CH2FCF3 (R134a), namely recovered R134a, reclaimed R134a, and new R134a, were prepared and analyzed for all impurities. Non-condensable gases (O2, N2, CH4, CO, and H2) were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) with a thermal conductivity detector (TCD) and a pulsed discharge detector (PDD), and unidentified complex compound impurities containing C, H, Cl, and F were investigated using GC with mass spectrometry (MS) and an atomic emission detector (AED). The purities of the three samples were determined by calculating the total quantity of impurities and their uncertainties. The calculated values for the purities of recovered R134a, reclaimed R134a, and new R134a were 953,125.38 µmol/mol (1,272.45 µmol/mol, k = 2), 998,529.67 µmol/mol (31.58 µmol/mol, k = 2), and 998,803.56 µmol/mol (32.50 µmol/mol, k = 2), respectively. The majority of impurities detected were GHGs with high global warming potentials (GWPs) up to 11,200. Certain impurities were found at concentrations exceeding 1,000 µmol/mol. The annual GHG emissions resulting only from R134a impurities in South Korea were approximately 0.01 MtCO2eq. Because of the large number of GHGs in refrigerants, a comprehensive examination of refrigerant impurities is necessary for refrigerant monitoring and GHG inventory management.

Optimizing the identification of thiols in red wines using new oak-wood accelerated reductive treatment

This study proposes a new method for identifying thiols in red wines by mimicking specific chemical mechanisms that occur during bottle-aging. It involves the reaction of oak-wood extracts with hydrogen sulfide and the reduction of disulfides with DIBAL. After optimization of the reaction conditions, the aroma of fresh oak wood turned into intense “meaty” nuances reminiscent of the aging bouquet of red wines. Samples were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with olfactometry (GC-O) and coupled with a pulsed flame photometric detector. This resulted in the identification of six odorant zones with meaty descriptors associated with sulfur compounds. One of the odorant zones was identified as 2-methoxybenzenethiol by using heart-cutting multidimensional GC coupled with olfactometry and time of flight mass spectrometer. Its identification in aged red wines was confirmed by GC coupled with tandem mass spectrometry analyses. Five other thiols associated with oak-wood precursors were also identified in red wines.

Accumulation of organophosphorus pollutants in adipose tissue of obese women - metabolic alterations

Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) and organophosphate esters (OPEs) are organophosphorus compounds created as substitutes for persistent environmental pollutants, namely organochlorines pesticides and brominated flame retardants, respectively. However, there is evidence that organophosphorus compounds are also widespread across the environment and have adverse effects on biota. In humans, OPPs and OPEs were reported to be carcinogenic, neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, amongst others. As lipophilic compounds, these accumulate in fat tissues as adipose tissue. Yet biomonitoring studies and analytical methodologies to assess these compounds in the human body are scarce, particularly in adipose tissue. In this study, the presence of six OPPs and seven OPEs was determined in samples of subcutaneous adipose tissue (scAT) and visceral adipose tissue (vAT) from 188 adult obese women. OPPs and OPEs were quantified by gas chromatography (GC) flame photometric detection and confirmed in GC tandem mass spectrometry. The detection frequencies ranged between 0.5-1.6% and 48–53%, respectively for OPPs and OPEs. Organophosphorus pollutants were present in both adipose tissues and median concentrations were 0.008 ± 0.020 μg/g scAT and 0.009 ± 0.020 μg/g vAT. A total of 32 Spearman's correlations were found between organophosphorus pollutants concentrations in adipose tissue and several biochemical parameters (18 positive and 14 negative). Our results show that anthropometric and hormonal parameters, cholesterol, glycaemia, macrominerals, urea and sedimentation velocity might be influenced by the presence of these compounds. The presence of organophosphorus pollutants in the environmental and their possible effect on female metabolic processes is concerning. Particularly because presently OPEs usage is not controlled or limited by any regulation. More studies are needed to fully understand these pollutants behaviour and hazard effects on human health, biota, and the environment so control regulations can be drawn to prevent and lessen their effects.

Morphology study of nickel and vanadium in asphaltenes via hydropyrolysis

The morphology of nickel and vanadium compounds in the asphaltenes were investigated via hydropyrolysis with the help of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), high-temperature gas chromatography atomic emission detection (HT GC-AED), and positive-ion electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (+ESI FT-ICR MS). The results showed that the toluene soluble yields of products decreased from 64% to 19% as the hydropyrolysis temperature increased from 330 to 410 °C, while the abundance of nickel and vanadium compounds detected by GC-AED increased significantly. The molecular composition distribution of nickel and vanadyl porphyrins showed rhythmic changes with different temperatures in the hydropyrolysis of asphaltenes.

Sulfidation performance of unsupported and SBA 15-supported Ca-based mixed metal oxides

Coal is the most widely used fossil fuel resource, and clean coal technologies allow an increase in the efficiency of clean energy production. Gasification-based combined cycle power generation systems, for example, aim to produce a mixture of CO and H2 (syngas) formed from coal and biomass. However, H2S is an undesired gasification product of fossil fuels with their high sulfur content. Hot gas desulfurization (HGD) reduces the sulfur contents of the gasification products by eliminating thermal losses of endothermic syngas formation processes. This study aims to develop efficient sorbents to remove H2S from hot flue gas. Unsupported and SBA 15-supported Ca-based binary mixed metal oxides (CuO, FeO, MnO, ZnO) were synthesized as sulfur sorbents by the wet impregnation method. The crystal structure of the sorbents was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), while BET analysis was used to determine the surface area and pore size distribution of the sorbents. The results of the XRD and BET analyses revealed mixed metal oxide formation and a high surface area of SBA 15-supported sorbents, respectively. Mixed metal oxide formation was also confirmed by Fourier transform infrared radiation (FTIR) spectroscopy. The desulfurization performance of the sorbents was examined by a simulated gas mixture at 800 °C. A gas chromatography analyzer equipped with a flame photometric detector was used to follow the H2S concentration. SBA 15-supported CaO–MnO exhibited the best desulfurization performance at 800 °C with a breakthrough sulfur capacity (BSC) of 43.38 g S/100 g sorbent in the longest breakthrough time of 1077 min.

Characteristics of a novel alkali flame ionization detector as an air sensor for volatile organo-nitrogen compounds

A novel alkali flame ionization detector (AFID) is introduced and characterized for use as an air sensor (i.e., without chromatographic separation) for organo-nitrogen compounds. Using a planar channeled quartz design, a simple, lightweight architecture for the portable device is presented, which yields sensitive and selective response toward nitrogen-containing analytes. For instance, the AFID sensor offers a detection limit of 30 pg N/s and a selectivity for nitrogen response over carbon of nearly two orders of magnitude. Further, nitrogen response is linear over the 1000-fold range of concentrations investigated. Relative to a flame photometric detector (FPD) device also used in a sensor mode, the AFID is observed to provide 100 times greater S/N values for nitrogen analytes with a nitrogen-to-carbon selectivity that is about 15 times larger. When using the AFID and FPD sensors in tandem, it is found that the response ratio of the simultaneous signals generated by each produces characteristic values that more clearly identify the presence or absence of nitrogen in unknown analytes. The AFID sensor was used to detect organo-nitrogen analytes in several samples, and results indicate that it could be a useful approach for portable air sensing of nitrogen compounds.

Aroma Characterization of Roasted Meat and Meat Substitutes Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry with Simultaneous Selective Detection and a Dedicated Software Tool, AromaMS.

The development of healthier and more sustainable food products, such as plant-based meat substitutes (PBMSs), have received significant interest in recent years. A thorough understanding of the aroma composition can support efforts to improve the sensory properties of PBMS products and promote their consumer acceptability. Here, we developed an integrated hardware and software approach for aroma analysis of roasted food based on simultaneous analysis with three complementary detectors. Following the standard procedure of aroma headspace sampling and separation using solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography, the column flow was split into three channels for the following detectors for the selective detection of nitrogen and sulfur (N/S)-containing compounds: an electron ionization-mass spectrometry for identification through a library search, a nitrogen-phosphorous detector, and a flame-photometric detector (FPD)/pulsed-FPD. Integration of results from the different types of detectors was achieved using a software tool, called AromaMS, developed in-house for data processing. As stipulated by the user, AromaMS performed either non-targeted screening for all volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or selective screening for N/S-containing VOCs that play a major role in the aroma experience. User-defined parameters for library matching and the retention index were applied to further eliminate false identifications. This new approach was successfully applied for comparative analysis of roasted meat and PBMS samples.

A Brief Review on Gas Chromatography

Gas Chromatography (GC In gas chromatography, the components of a sample are dissolved in a solvent and vaporized in order to separate the analytes by distributing the sample between two phases: a stationary phase and a mobile phase) is a normally utilized analytic technique as a part of numerous research and industrial research facilities for quality control and in addition identification and quantitation of components in a mixture Mass spectroscopy is an advanced and powerful technique for qualitative and quantitative analysis. . The flame ionization detector presented here is very easy to construct, extremely sensitive, and readily visible for demonstration purposes. Atomic emission detection (AED) is a sensitive as well as a selective detection technique for gas chromatography (GC) and provides element-specific information the paper focused on Instrumentation, Column, Detector, Application, Advantages and Disadvantages in gas chromatography. Gas chromatography is an analytical tool for the separation of compounds in complex mixtures based on the polarity of compounds. Separation is achieved only for compounds that are volatile or that can be made volatile on derivatization of the compound using derivatizing agents.

Efficient Oxidative Desulfurization of High-Sulfur Diesel via Peroxide Oxidation Using Citric, Pimelic, and α-Ketoglutaric Acids

The widespread use of diesel fuel for transportation, industry, and electricity generation causes several environmental issues via an increase in the amount of sulfur compound emissions. Commercial diesel fuel must be free of sulfur-containing compounds since they can cause several environmental problems. Considering the currently available processes to eliminate sulfur compounds, oxidative desulfurization (ODS) is one of the effective means for this purpose. This work presented a simple, low cost, and efficient ODS system of high-sulfur diesel fuels using peroxide oxidation with the aid of citric, pimelic, and α-ketoglutaric acids. The aim of the study was to investigate the potential of these acids as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) activators for ODS and to optimize the reaction conditions for maximum sulfur removal. The results showed that citric, pimelic, and α-ketoglutaric acids were effective catalysts for the desulfurization of high-sulfur diesel with an initial sulfur content of 2568 mg L−1, achieving a sulfur removal efficiency of up to 95%. The optimized reaction conditions were found to be 0.6 g of carboxylic acid dosage and 10 mL of H2O2 at 95 °C. The desulfurization efficiency of the real diesel sample (2568 mg L−1) was shown to be 27, 34, and 84.57%, using citric acid, α-ketoglutaric acid, and pimelic acid after 1h, respectively. The effectiveness of the oxidation process was characterized by gas chromatographic pulsed flame photometric detector (GC-PFPD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. The experimental results demonstrated that the developed system exhibited high efficiency for desulfurization of real high-sulfur diesel fuels that could be a good alternative for commercial application with a promising desulfurization efficiency.

Array Point Discharge as Enhanced Tandem Excitation Source for Miniaturized Optical Emission Spectrometer.

A new compact tandem excitation source was designed and constructed by using an array point discharge (ArrPD) microplasma for a miniaturized optical emission spectrometer through coupling a hydride generation (HG) unit as a sample introduction device. Three pairs of point discharges were arranged in sequence in a narrow discharge chamber to construct the ArrPD microplasma, for improved excitation capability owing to the serial excitation. Besides, the discharge plasma region was greatly enlarged, therefore, more gaseous analytes could be intercepted to enter into the microplasma for sufficient excitation, for improved excitation efficiency and OES signal. To better understand the effectiveness of the proposed ArrPD source, a new instrument for simultaneous detection of atomic emission and absorption spectral responses was also proposed, designed, and constructed to reveal the excitation and enhancement process in the discharge chamber. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) of As, Ge, Hg, Pb, Sb, Se, and Sn were 0.7, 0.4, 0.05, 0.7, 0.3, 2, and 0.08 μg L-1, respectively, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were all less than 4%. Compared with a commonly used single point discharge microplasma source, the analytical sensitivities of these seven elements were improved by 3-6-fold. Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) were successfully analyzed with this miniaturized spectrometer, which features low power, compactness, portability, and high detectability, and is thereby a great prospect in the field of elemental analytical chemistry.

Volatile sulfur compound in Pinot noir wines affected by vineyard irrigation, tillage, and nitrogen supplementation

The effects of vineyard nitrogen fertilization, tilling, and irrigation on the contents of volatile sulfur compounds in Pinot noir wines were investigated in this study. Wines were made from two field blocks of twelve combinations of irrigation (dry or irrigated), tillage (tilled or not tilled), and fertilization (none, foliar nitrogen supplementation or soil applied nitrogen) from three vintages of Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir. The concentrations of volatile sulfur compounds were quantified using solid-phase micro-extraction and gas chromatography/ pulse flame photometric detection (HS-SPME-GC/PFPD). Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed that vintage year, irrigation, and nitrogen can affect volatile sulfur compounds (p<0.01). Foliar nitrogen supplementation or soil nitrogen application significantly increased the contents of H2S (p<0.01) and methanethiol (MeSH) (p<0.01) in Pinot noir wines. Irrigation treatment yielded higher H2S and MeSH than non-irrigation treatment, and with tillage treatments also yielded higher H2S and MeSH. ANOVA demonstrated the interaction factor (irrigation×nitrogen) had significant impact on concentration of H2S and MeSH in wines. The combination of irrigation and soil nitrogen supplement had the highest amount of both H2S and MeSH. Dimethyl sulfide (DMS), methionol, methyl thioacetate (MeSOAc), and ethyl thioacetate (EtSOAc) were mainly affected by vintage.

The integrated exposure assessment and potential risks of five organophosphorus pesticides in vegetables in Zhejiang, China (2018-2020).

This research surveyed the concentrations of five organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) in vegetables with the purpose of assessing the potential integrated health risks of residents. From 2018 to 2020, 870 samples of eight kinds of vegetables from Zhejiang Province were collected. Gas chromatography coupled with a flame photometric detector (GC-FPD) analyzed the five OPs. OPs were most frequently detected in celery (18.9% of samples), cowpeas (18.3% of samples), and leeks (16.9% of samples) compared to other vegetables. Among the 11 cities in Zhejiang, the cities with high detection rates of OPs were Ningbo and Hangzhou. The integrated concentrations of OPs in different cities ranged from 71.9 to 376μg/kg. The cumulative risk assessment revealed that the estimated daily intake (EDI) of leek in Wenzhou was the highest, which was 0.0077 (mg/kg bw) and 0.0059 (mg/kg bw) in adults and children respectively. The health risks of residents who consume these vegetables were within a safe range. The data provided demonstrate the distribution and potential health hazards of OPs in commonly consumed vegetables.