Fixed-effects Model Research Articles

A meta-analysis of the relationship between overtime work and neck musculoskeletal disorders in Chinese occupational population

Objective: To systematically evaluate the effect of overtime work on neck musculoskeletal disorders of occupational population in China. Methods: In August 2023, the literatures on the relationship between overtime work and neck musculoskeletal disorders were searched in China National Knowledge Infrasture (CNKI), WanFang Database, Chinese Science & Technology Journal Database (VIP), China Biomedical Literature Service System (SinoMed) and PubMed. The search scope was Chinese and English literatures published before June 30, 2023. The Quality of literature studies was evaluated using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) cross-sectional study quality evaluation criteria. The Stata 15.0 software was used to calculate combined OR values, and subgroup analysis and meta regression were used to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Results: A total of 32 literatures were included, all of which were in Chinese, with a total sample size of 36003 people, and the literature quality scores were 5-7 points. Heterogeneity test showed that there was no heterogeneity between the literatures (I(2)=20.3%, P=0.156), so fixed effect model was selected to calculate the combined OR value. The combined OR value of overtime work on neck musculoskeletal disorders was 1.51 (95%CI: 1.42-1.60, P<0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that the combined OR of occupational population <35 years old group was higher than that in the ≥35 years old group (P<0.05). But there were no significant differences in the combined OR values in the subgroups classified by average years of service, male proportion, type of OR values, sample size and industry classification (P>0.05) . Conclusion: Overtime work is a risk factor for neck musculoskeletal disorders in Chinese occupational population. Working hours should be rationally arranged to reduce the prevalence of neck musculoskeletal disorders.

Research on the mechanism and path of the coupling of digital technology and environmental regulation to promote urban green efficiency

Digital technology, renowned for its embeddedness and integration, revolutionizes governance ideas, institutions, and models. Based on the panel data of 285 cities in China from 2007 to 2021, a panel vector autoregressive model (PVaR) is built to reveal the interaction mechanism between digital technology and environmental regulation. The fixed-effects panel model explored the green impact of the coupling of digital technology and environmental regulation, considering the mediating role of industrial upgrading, factor allocation, and public participation. The results show that digital technology and environmental regulation promote each other. The coupling of digital technology and environmental regulation enhances urban green efficiency, especially in economically advanced and eastern regions. Industrial upgrading, factor allocation, and public participation mediate this effect. Therefore, government departments should build ecological civilization by improving environmental management decision-making, promoting the deep integration of digital technology and environmental regulation, and exploring a new path of urban green development.

Blinded independent central review versus local investigator assessment of PFS in RCTs of immunotherapy in advanced cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundAssessment of Progression-free survival (PFS) events by investigators might be inaccurate in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with open-label design. We explored differences in PFS evaluated by blinded independent central review (BICR) or local investigator assessment (IA) in trials testing immunotherapy (IO) in advanced cancers. MethodsWe systematically reviewed articles of RCTs investigating IO in advanced tumors, published in PubMed-indexed journals up to December 2023. For each RCT, we collected PFS results by BICR and by local IA. We calculated the discrepancy index (DI) as the ratio of BICR and IA Hazard Ratios (HRBICR/HRIA) for PFS. An overall DI and relative confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a fixed-effect model weighted for the inverse of variance. FindingsOnly 32/140 (22.9 %) RCTs reported both BICR and local IA PFS data, including 17,054 patients. PFS was the sole primary endpoint in 19/32 (59.4 %) and a co-primary endpoint 9/32 (28.2 %) trials. The study design was open label or double-blind in 17/32 (53.1 %) and 15/32 (46.9 %) RCTs, respectively. The overall DI was 1.07 (95 % CI 1.01–1.13; I2 =0, p = 0.02), revealing a more optimistic analysis of results in favor of local IA. In the 17 open-label trials, the overall DI was 1.09 (95 % CI 1.02–1.17, I2 =0, p = 0.02), revealing a more favorable interpretation of PFS results by local investigators. InterpretationWe found a statistically significant difference between BICR and local IA of PFS in trials of IO in cancer. These results suggest that the double assessment is recommended in RCTs testing IO, especially in open-label trials. FundingThis work was supported by the MFAG27826–2022 grant (Dr. Alberto Servetto).

Determinants of Capital Structure in the Hospitality Industry: Empirical Evidence

This paper studies the determinants of hotel SMEs&amp;#39; capital structure using the theoretical framework, and the leading indicators suggested by the Trade-off and Peeking Order theories. We collected financial information from the Bureau Van Dijk database, observing a ten-year time horizon (2010 to 2019 included). The companies were selected based on the indication in paragraph 3, and all fell into the category of SMEs according to the European Commission criteria. Based on the accounting information, we calculated the dependent variables (Total Debt, Long-Term Debt, and Short-Term Debt) and the independent variables (Profitability, Tangibility of Assets, Growth, Size, and Age). For our analysis, we first used a panel data methodology, developing the least squares regressions (POLS) and the fixed effects models (FEM) and then, based on the results, we chose the fixed effects model (FEM) as it was more significant. Subsequently, we tested the hypotheses of the two theories (Trade-Off and Pecking Order) with our analysis model. The results highlighted that profitability, asset tangibility and size are the most significant variables in explaining the behaviour of hotel SMEs.

Demand for milk and milk products in the rural household of Bangladesh: A panel data analysis

Milk is considered an essential source of protein for people of all ages. However, Bangladeshi people, particularly those living in rural areas, tend to consume less milk and milk products than necessary. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the demand for milk and milk products among rural consumers and the factors affecting their consumption habits. The study utilizes balanced panel data from three waves of the Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey: 2011–12, 2015, and 2018–19, collected by the International Food Policy Research Institute. Both the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) and Fixed Effects Model were employed. The expenditure elasticity for liquid milk, powdered milk, and condensed milk was found to be 1.013, 1.856, and 1.060, respectively, indicating that these products are considered luxury goods in rural Bangladesh. Additionally, powdered milk is more price-sensitive than liquid or condensed milk in these areas. Milk and milk products exhibit a substitutable relationship based on the Slutsky and Cournot cross-price elasticities matrix. Consumption of liquid milk is significantly influenced, either positively or negatively, by several factors, including age, education, family size, ownership of dairy animals, income, expense of food, and year. Furthermore, while the consumption of powdered milk is increasing over time, factors such as family size and livestock ownership negatively impact its consumption. Similarly, the consumption of condensed milk is negatively affected by education and ownership of dairy animals. Based on our study results, we recommend increasing household income through on and off-farm job creation, promoting educational campaigns on the benefits of milk, and supporting livestock ownership to reduce reliance on processed milk products.

Ownership structure and capital structure dynamics in South African firms

Background: The ownership structure can impact capital structure decisions as owners are an influential group that govern the financial decisions of firms. Hence, the ownership structure and the categories of its owners have important implications for the capital structure of firms.Aim: This study investigates the linear and non-linear effects of different ownership types (managerial, foreign, institutional, government, and family) on the debt ratios of firms.Setting: This study includes 267 non-financial firms listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) from 2004 to 2021, accounting for fluctuation in listings during this period.Method: The fixed effects model is used to estimate the impact of ownership structure on capital structure, while the Sasabuchi-Lind-Mehlum test evaluates non-linearity. Additionally, the Durbin-Wu-Hausman test is employed to detect whether endogeneity is present in this study.Results: The findings indicate that government ownership has a positive linear relation with the total debt and long-term debt ratio, while a non-linear inverse U-shaped relationship is found between institutional ownership and long-term debt, with an optimal level of 34.3%.Conclusion: The study concludes that the ownership structure is an important factor driving capital structure decisions, with government and institutional ownership directly impacting the debt ratios of firms.Contribution: This article expands the limited knowledge of the impact of ownership structure on capital structure and is the first to explore non-linear effects in the South African context. The findings offer valuable insights for boards and management that may aid them in strategically configuring ownership structures that optimise their capital structures.

Knowledge Spillovers and Integrated Circuit Innovation Ecosystem Resilience: Evidence from China

A resilient innovation ecosystem is an important guarantee for enhancing industrial competitiveness. Knowledge spillover is the key driving force to enhance system resilience. Firstly, we use the MEREC-CoCoSo method to calculate the resilience level of the integrated circuit (IC) innovation ecosystem and analyze the evolution trajectory of the resilience before and after the emergence of the “stuck-neck” problem. Secondly, based on the panel data of 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) in China from 2011 to 2021, this paper analyzes the mechanism of the impact of intra-regional knowledge spillovers on the resilience of IC innovation ecosystems using the fixed-effect model and analyzes the spatial effect of inter-regional knowledge spillovers on the resilience of innovation ecosystems using the spatial Durbin model under the human capital matrix. Finally, we analyze the regulating role of contractual and relational governance mechanisms and try to open the “black box” of governance. The result shows the following: (1) The polarization of innovative ecosystem resilience of integrated circuits is gradually increasing, with strong spatial agglomeration, high–high agglomeration, low–low agglomeration, and low–high dispersion, and there is an obvious “matthew effect” and “siphon effect”. (2) Both intra- and inter-regional knowledge spillovers contribute significantly to the resilience of IC innovation ecosystems. The contractual governance mechanism can effectively enhance the impact of knowledge spillovers on the resilience of innovation ecosystems in the region, and the relational governance mechanism has a positive impact on the resilience of innovation ecosystems in neighboring regions. (3) Heterogeneity results show that knowledge spillovers within the Pan-PRD region have a significant positive impact on innovation ecosystem resilience. Knowledge spillovers between regions with low innovation capacity have a double effect on innovation ecosystem resilience, and knowledge spillovers between regions with “talent highlands” have a facilitating effect on innovation ecosystem resilience. Accordingly, policy recommendations are put forward to open up channels for innovation knowledge spillover, realize effective allocation of innovation resources, and optimize the system of innovation talents.

Effect and safety of aromatase inhibitors for the treatment of short stature in male children and adolescents: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

This study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of aromatase inhibitors (AIs) in the treatment of short stature in male children and adolescents. Pooled estimates of final or near-final height, predicted adult height (PAH), bone age, and potential side effects were calculated using a random-effects model or fixed-effects model. Our search identified 11 studies with a total of 463 participants. AI was associated with a significant increase in final or near-final height (weight mean difference (WMD)=3.61 cm, 95 % CI: 0.96, 6.26; p<0.001) and PAH (WMD=2.52 cm, 95 % CI: 0.32, 4.72; p=0.025) compared to other treatment. The use of AI showed an increased risk of minor side effects (risk ratio (RR)=2.90, 95 % CI: 1.15, 7.33; p=0.025), but no severe adverse effects were reported. Subgroup analysis, stratified by patient disease, revealed that AI significantly enhanced final or near-final height in both patients with idiopathic short stature (ISS) andthose with constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP). AIs may contribute to height increase in male children and adolescents with short stature, without significantly advancing bone age. However, the increased risk of minor side effects indicates the need for careful monitoring during AI therapy.

Genome-Wide Search for Nonadditive Allele Effects Identifies PSKH2 as Involved in the Variability of Factor V Activity.

Factor V (FV) is a key molecular player in the coagulation cascade. FV plasma levels have been associated with several human diseases, including thrombosis, bleeding, and diabetic complications. So far, 2 genes have been robustly found through genome-wide association analyses to contribute to the inter-individual variability of plasma FV levels: structural F5 gene and PLXDC2. The authors used the underestimated Brown-Forsythe methodology implemented in the QuickTest software to search for non-additive genetic effects that could contribute to the inter-individual variability of FV plasma activity. QUICKTEST was applied to 4 independent genome-wide association studies studies (LURIC [Ludwigshafen RIsk and Cardiovascular Health Study], MARTHA [Marseille Thrombosis Association], MEGA [Multiple Environmental and Genetic Assessment], and RETROVE [Riesgo de Enfermedad Tromboembolica Venosa]) totaling 4505 participants of European ancestry with measured FV plasma levels. Results obtained in the 4 cohorts were meta-analyzed using a fixed-effect model. Additional analyses involved exploring haplotype and gene×gene interactions in downstream investigations. A genome-wide significant signal at the PSKH2 locus on chr8q21.3 with lead variant rs75463553 with no evidence for heterogeneity across cohorts was observed (P=0.518). Although rs75463553 did not show an association with mean FV levels (P=0.49), it demonstrated a robust significant (P=3.38x10-9) association with the variance of FV plasma levels. Further analyses confirmed the reported association of PSKH2 with neutrophil biology and revealed that rs75463553 likely interacts with two loci, GRIN2A and POM121L12, known for their involvement in smoking biology. This comprehensive approach identifies the role of PSKH2 as a novel molecular player in the genetic regulation of FV, shedding light on the contribution of neutrophils to FV biology.

The impact of fintech on the profitability of Chinese commercial banks

This study assesses the transformative impact of financial technology (fintech) on the profitability of Chinese commercial banks, with a focus on addressing the challenge of endogeneity in financial data analysis. The study uses the systematic generalized method of moments (GMM) to compare the results with those from fixed-effects models in order to make the findings more reliable. The results reveal that fintech significantly impacts bank profitability, predominantly in a negative manner. This underscores the pressing need for banks to adapt and innovate, responding proactively to the fintech disruption. The practical implications of this study suggest that banks should not only invest in research and development within fintech but also tailor strategic responses according to bank types and establish a comprehensive financial services ecosystem to bolster their competitive edge and profitability. The findings are critical for bank executives and policymakers aiming to navigate the challenges posed by fintech innovations.

The Role of Digital Finance in Shaping Agricultural Economic Resilience: Evidence from Machine Learning

This study offers detailed recommendations on strengthening government support without harming digital finance benefits, especially in negatively affected areas, which is critical for enhancing the inclusiveness of the digital financial landscape and reducing social disparities. This paper uses year 2011–2022 panel data from China’s 31 provinces to empirically analyze digital finance’s effects, mechanisms, and heterogeneity on agricultural economy resilience with a two-way, fixed-effect model. It further explores each feature’s impacts using machine learning methodologies like the random forest, GBRT, SHAP value method, and ALE plot. The findings show that digital finance boosted agri-economy resilience, varying by food-producing status and marketization. Among all the features analyzed, government input, urbanization level, and planting structure emerged as the most critical factors influencing agri-economy resilience. Notably, government input negatively moderated this relationship. The ALE plot revealed non-linear effects of digital finance and planting structure on agri-economy resilience.

Preclinical studies of natural flavonoids in inflammatory bowel disease based on macrophages: a systematic review with meta-analysis and network pharmacology.

Flavonoid is a category of bioactive polyphenolic compounds that are extensively distributed in plants with specific pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant. Importantly, natural flavonoids have shown the protected function on the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in animals and lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in macrophages. The purpose of this systematic review is to explore the efficacy of natural flavonoids in animal models of IBD (inflammatory bowel disease) and potential mechanisms in macrophages by meta-analysis and network pharmacology in preclinical studies. Relevant foundation studies were searched from January 2010 to November 2023 in databases like PubMed, Elsevier ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. Then, OriginPro software was used to extract values from images, and the analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3. The retrieved data was analyzed according to the fixed-effects model and random-effects model. Subsequently, heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 statistics. Lastly, network pharmacology was applied to confirm mechanisms of natural flavonoids on IBD. According to the results of meta-analysis, we found the natural flavonoids exhibited powerful therapeutic effects against IBD, which not only reversed colonic shortness (WMD = 1.33, 95% CI (1.07, 1.59), P < 0.00001), but also reduced histological score (SMD = - 2.66, 95% CI (- 3.77, - 1.95), P < 0.00001) between natural flavonoid treatment groups compared with the experimental IBD model. Furthermore, treatment with natural flavonoids decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in macrophages. Mechanistically, our summarized data substantiate that natural flavonoids alleviate LPS-induced M1 macrophage polarization, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, maintain intestinal barrier, and inhibit the activation of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in macrophages. Moreover, the results of network pharmacology also support this. This systematic review demonstrated the efficiency of natural flavonoids in treating IBD in preclinical research by meta-analysis and network pharmacology, which offered supporting evidence for clinical trial implementation. However, some limitations remain present, such as technique quality shortage, missed reports on account of negative results, failure to count sample size, and the risk of bias.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between ABCA7 common variants and Alzheimer's disease in non-Hispanic White and Asian cohorts.

The relationship between the ABCA7 gene and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been widely studied across various populations. However, the results have been inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association of ABCA7 polymorphisms with AD risk, including specific subtypes such as late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). Relevant studies were identified through comprehensive database searches, and the quality of each study was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Allele and genotype frequencies were extracted from the included studies. The pooled odds ratios (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using random-effects or fixed-effects models. Multiple testing corrections were conducted using the false discovery rate (FDR) method. The Cochran Q statistic and I2 metric were used to evaluate heterogeneity between studies, while Egger's test and funnel plots were employed to assess publication bias. A total of 36 studies, covering 21 polymorphisms and involving 31,809 AD cases and 44,994 controls, were included in this meta-analysis. NOS scores ranged from 7 to 9, indicating high-quality studies. A total of 11 SNPs (rs3764650, rs3752246, rs4147929, rs3752232, rs3752243, rs3764645, rs4147934, rs200538373, rs4147914, rs4147915, and rs115550680) in ABCA7 were significantly associated with AD risk. Among these SNPs, two (rs3764650 and rs3752246) were also found to be related to the late-onset AD (LOAD) subtype. In addition, two SNPs (rs4147929 and rs4147934) were associated with the susceptibility to AD only in non-Hispanic White populations. A total of 10 SNPs (rs3764647, rs3752229, rs3752237, rs4147932, rs113809142, rs3745842, rs3752239, rs4147918, rs74176364, and rs117187003) showed no significant relationship with AD risk. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the reliability of the original results, and heterogeneity was largely attributed to deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, ethnicity, and variations between individual studies. The available evidence suggests that specific ABCA7 SNPs may be associated with AD risk. Future studies with larger sample sizes will be necessary to confirm these results. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42024540539.

Lymph node dissection before initial treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The effectiveness of removing lymph nodes before initial treatment in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer is still debated. This article presents a meta-analysis that systematically evaluates the impact of this approach on oncological outcomes. A systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (up to December 2023) was performed to obtain relevant studies. The findings were combined using fixed-effects models to address potential differences. Combined risk ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Egger's test was used to assess publication bias. Out of 1025 screened articles, four studies (involving 838 women) met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that lymph node dissection before initial treatment did not affect overall survival (OS) in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer compared to concurrent radiotherapy (HR = 1.11, 95% CI = 0.91-1.36, P = 0.30). It also did not increase the incidence of postoperative complications or cause delays in radiotherapy. In particular, removing larger lymph nodes (>2cm) aided in defining the radiation field and decreasing radiotherapy-related complications. The surgical technique also had some impact on postoperative complications. In summary, in order to obtain the best therapeutic outcomes, personalized plans should be developed for each patient, accounting for their individual circumstances to achieve precise treatment and enhance their quality of life.

Efficacy and Safety of SGLT-2 Inhibitors in Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Since there is no specific recommendation of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors in acute myocardial infarction (MI), this systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to address this lack of evidence. Scopus, Embase, PubMed, Web of Sciences, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception until May 30, 2024. We used both random and fixed-effects models for data analyses. Odds ratio (OR) and standard means difference (SMD) were performed for binary and continuous variables, respectively. Nine studies including five randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and four observational studies including 15,595 individuals with acute MI were entered. Overall, SGLT-2 inhibitors are significantly associated with a reduction of hospitalization for heart failure (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.97; P = .02; I2 = 0%) and all-cause mortality (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.81; P = .002; I2 = 0%) based on the RCTs and observational studies, respectively. SGLT-2 inhibitors also significantly improved the left ventricular ejection fraction (SMD, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.70; P = .04; I2 = 62%) among RCTs. Further evaluation of these drugs also revealed an acceptable safety profile without any major adverse events. In conclusion, although SGLT-2 inhibitors may have some clinical benefits among acute MI individuals, further RCTs are still needed to provide robust evidence regarding the use of SGLT-2 inhibitors in this setting.

Inquisitive exploration of green finance, social finance, and capital formation in shaping economic development: insights from BRICS Countries

The significance of democratic commitment is highlighted on a global scale by the importance placed on offering a multitude of chances to establish enduring ecosystems and foster economic progress. Social finance, capital formation, and green finance have recently received a lot of attention from this perspective. Past studies mainly examined social finance and green finance in isolation. When investigating the individual impact of these important variables on economic growth in the occurrence of important events like the COVID-19 pandemic and other environmental pollution issues, most studies have mainly focused on developed countries, ultimately ignoring the different dynamics in emerging economies. The purpose of the research is to investigate the joint interaction between social finance (Social Impact Bonds), capital formation, and green finance (green loans, green investments, and green security) on economic development in BRICS economies. This research employed a longitudinal dataset from 2013 to 2023. The generalized method of moments (GMM) and fixed effect model (FEM) were employed in this research as statistical techniques for estimating parameters. The findings of this study revealed a positive joint relationship between green finance, capital formation, and social financing on economic development of BRICS economies. Therefore, measures that jointly promote social and green finance amidst environmental challenges or economic risks could present opportunities to mitigate the vulnerability of a country's economic prosperity. This research will surely guide policymakers in developing economies on how to give considerable attention to sustainable aspects while formulating policies and strategies aimed at economic development.

THE INFLUENCE OF BPUM ON THE REGIONAL ECONOMY DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The research objective is to analyze the influence of BPUM on the Regional Economy by considering HDI, poverty levels, PAD and labor force in MSMEs. This type of quantitative research uses panel data, namely secondary archival data on the population of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in cities and districts in all provinces in Indonesia. Data was obtained from the Ministry of Cooperatives, Small and Medium Enterprises, the Directorate General of Fiscal Balance (DJPK) and the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) for the period 2020 and 2021. The research population for all districts in Indonesia in 2020 and 2021 was 514 districts and cities. Based on the results of the Fixed Effect Model, the influence of BPUM on GRDP obtained a coefficient value of 0,010803, the influence of HDI on GRDP obtained a coefficient value of -0,0006866, the influence of poverty levels on GRDP obtained a coefficient value of 0,0212617, the influence of PAD on GRDP obtained a coefficient value amounting to 0,0009767, and the influence of the labor force on GRDP obtained a coefficient value of -0,0331359.

Has the Digital Economy Enhanced the Income Distribution Effect Among Industries? Evidence from China

A powerful correlation exists among the advancement of the economy of digital, sustainable economic advancement, and income distribution. The advancement of the digital economy provides a significant motivating factor for sustainable economic development, while sustainable economic development provides a strong guarantee for income distribution, and the improvement of income distribution is also conducive to sustainable economic development. What is the connection between the digital economy and income distribution? This is the focus of this paper and also an important way to clarify the association between the advancement of the digital economy, sustainable economic development, and income distribution. This paper aims to explore whether the advancement of the digital economy has enhanced the effect of income distribution among industries and examine the role of production efficiency and human capital. Through the use of the multidimensional fixed-effect model, this study finds that the development of the digital economy is favorable to enhancing the income distribution effect among industries, and this income distribution enhancement effect is more prominent in large-scale non-state-owned enterprises. In addition, we also find that digital transformation can dramatically improve the total factor productivity of enterprises, thus enhancing the income distribution impact among industries. The promotion of digital transformation can also improve the quality of human capital in enterprises, strengthen the income distribution impact between industries, and reduce the income disparity among industries. The industry income gap measurement method and the industry perspective of income distribution adopted in this paper contribute to the existing literature and will contribute to the development of income distribution equity in the era of the digital economy and also provide a new vision for sustainable economic development from the perspective of income distribution.

The Influence of Loan at Risk and Bank Spesific Variables on The Profitability of Commercial Banking in Indonesia Based on Core Capital: Period 2015 to 2022

This research aims to examine the influence of loan at risk (LAR) and other specific bank variables, namely size, leverage, and capital, on the profitability of commercial banks in Indonesia based on the classification of core capital set by banking authorities. The study utilizes panel data regression with a balanced fixed-effect model from a sample of 67 examined commercial banks, both in aggregate and based on the core capital classification of each bank, covering the research period from 2015 to 2022. The results indicate that the credit asset portfolio with LAR quality significantly affects the profitability of commercial banks negatively, both in terms of ROA and ROE, applying to the entire group of commercial banks studied. Meanwhile, other specific variables have varying degrees of influence and significance. Collectively, the independent variables in all research models have a significant impact on the profitability of all commercial banks in Indonesia. The findings of this study can contribute to the reference for bank management and other stakeholders in assessing the profitability performance of commercial banks, as well as expanding the literature in the field of banking.

Lymph Node Metastasis and Its Risk Factors for Early Gastritis Individuals Who Underwent Noncurative Endoscopic Resection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

In the present review, we carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyze possible lymph node metastasis (LNM) hazards in individuals with endoscopic resection of gastric cancer. Relevant literature was selected by evaluating the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar electronic databases since from inception to March 2022. Corresponding clinicopathological outcomes were summarized, and pooled log odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were assessed. The random effect model was preferred if variations among studies is high otherwise fixed effect model was preferred. Overall, 12 associated papers, including 4808 early gastric cancer individuals who endured more surgery after noncurative endoscopic resection, were entered into this analysis. The outcomes showed that submucosal invasion (log odd ratio 1.75, 95% (CI): 0.77-3.95, I2 = 80.0%); vertical margin (log odd ratio 6.53, 95% (CI): 2.81-15.17, I2 = 65%); horizontal margin (log Odd ratio 0.69 95% (CI): 0.22-2.14, I2 = 52%), lymphatic invasion (Odd ratio 6.33 95% (CI): 1.98-20.24, I2 = 91%), and vascular invasion (Odd ratio 3.55, 95% (CI): 1.31-9.58, I2 = 92%) was significantly related to metastasis of lymph node for these patients. There was a significant association of LNM hazards in individuals with endoscopic resection of gastric cancer. Therefore, invasion to lymph, vascular, submucosa and positive vertical margin should be strongly noticed when selecting surgical treatment factors.