Five-year Survival Rate Of Patients Research Articles

HIF in Gastric Cancer: Regulation and Therapeutic Target.

HIF means hypoxia-inducible factor gene family, and it could regulate various biological processes, including tumor development. In 2021, the FDA approved the new drug Welireg for targeting HIF-2a, and it is mainly used to treat von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, which demonstrated its good prospects in tumor therapy. As the fourth deadliest cancer worldwide, gastric cancer endangers the health of people all across the world. Currently, there are various treatment methods for patients with gastric cancer, but the five-year survival rate of patients with advanced gastric cancer is still not high. Therefore, here we reviewed the regulatory role and target role of HIF in gastric cancer, and provided some references for the treatment of gastric cancer.

Identification of Early Esophageal Cancer by Semantic Segmentation.

Early detection of esophageal cancer has always been difficult, thereby reducing the overall five-year survival rate of patients. In this study, semantic segmentation was used to predict and label esophageal cancer in its early stages. U-Net was used as the basic artificial neural network along with Resnet to extract feature maps that will classify and predict the location of esophageal cancer. A total of 75 white-light images (WLI) and 90 narrow-band images (NBI) were used. These images were classified into three categories: normal, dysplasia, and squamous cell carcinoma. After labeling, the data were divided into a training set, verification set, and test set. The training set was approved by the encoder–decoder model to train the prediction model. Research results show that the average time of 111 ms is used to predict each image in the test set, and the evaluation method is calculated in pixel units. Sensitivity is measured based on the severity of the cancer. In addition, NBI has higher accuracy of 84.724% when compared with the 82.377% accuracy rate of WLI, thereby making it a suitable method to detect esophageal cancer using the algorithm developed in this study.

Survival of patients with gastric cancer surgically treated at the National Cancer Center of China from 2011 to 2018 according to stage at diagnosis

ObjectiveThe postoperative survival rates of patients with gastric cancer at different stages treated at the National Cancer Center (NCC) of China have not been reported. Therefore, we evaluated the survival of patients with gastric cancer who underwent surgery at the NCC from 2011 to 2018 to provide baseline information for further studies. MethodsWe identified 7,301 patients with primary gastric carcinoma who underwent surgery at the NCC between January 2011 and May 2018; among these, 5,008 patients were enrolled in this study. Follow up was completed on April 30, 2020. We analyzed the 5-year survival according to the stage, sex, age, and other clinicopathological features. ResultsFive-year survival rates of patients with pTNM stages IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB, IIIC, and IV treated at the NCC were 94.9%, 91.8%, 86.5%, 76.1%, 61.1%, 44.2%, 29.7%, and 8.1%, respectively, which were similar to those reported in Japan during the same period. Five-year survival rates of patients with ypTNM stages I, II, III, and IV were 93.1%, 63.2%, 27.2%, and 0.0%, respectively. In multivariable analysis, age, signet ring cell carcinoma, adjuvant chemotherapy, and degree of differentiation were revealed as important prognostic factors. ConclusionThe survival rates of patients with gastric cancer treated at the NCC have been significantly improved, reaching the levels of Japan in the same period.

PDCD10 promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma by inhibiting apoptosis and activating EMT pathway.

Osteosarcoma, a common primary malignant tumor, occurs in children and adolescents with a poor prognosis. The current treatment methods are various, while the five-year survival rate of patients has not been significantly improved. As a member of the programmed death factor (PDCD) family, programmed death factor 10 (PDCD10) plays a role in regulating cell apoptosis. Several studies of PDCD10 in CCM and cancers have been reported before. However, there are no relevant research reports on the effects of PDCD10 on osteosarcoma. We used bioinformatics analysis, IHC, and clinical data to confirm the expression of PDCD10 and its correlation with prognosis in osteosarcoma. Then, we used shRNAs and cDNA to knock down or overexpress PDCD10 in U2OS and MG63 cell lines. A series of function assays such as CCK8, Wound healing test, Plate cloning formation assay, and Transwell were done to confirm how PDCD10 affects osteosarcoma. Animal assays were done to confirm the conclusions in cell lines. At last, WB was used to measure the protein expression levels of apoptosis and the EMT pathway. PDCD10 was highly expressed in patients with osteosarcoma and correlated with prognosis; PDCD10 knockdown inhibited osteosarcoma growth, proliferation, migration, and invasion; PDCD10 overexpression promoted osteosarcoma growth, proliferation, migration, and invasion. In vivo experiments confirmed the conclusions in cell lines; PDCD10 inhibited apoptosis and activated the EMT pathway. In this study, it was found that PDCD10 was highly expressed in patients with osteosarcoma, and it was closely related to patient prognosis. PDCD10 inhibited tumor cell apoptosis and promoted tumor progression by activating the EMT pathway. These findings may provide a potential target for gene therapy of osteosarcoma.

Survival Prediction Model for Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on the Parameter-Optimized Deep Belief Network Using the Improved Archimedes Optimization Algorithm.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the highest incidence and mortality cancers in the world. An effective survival prediction model can improve the quality of patients' survival. Therefore, a parameter-optimized deep belief network based on the improved Archimedes optimization algorithm is proposed in this paper for the survival prediction of patients with ESCC. Firstly, a combination of features significantly associated with the survival of patients is found by the minimum redundancy and maximum relevancy (MRMR) algorithm. Secondly, a DBN network is introduced to make predictions for survival of patients. Aiming at the problem that the deep belief network model is affected by parameters in the construction process, this paper uses the Archimedes optimization algorithm to optimize the learning rate α and batch size β of DBN. In order to overcome the problem that AOA is prone to fall into local optimum and low search accuracy, an improved Archimedes optimization algorithm (IAOA) is proposed. On this basis, a survival prediction model for patients with ESCC is constructed. Finally, accuracy comparison tests are carried out on IAOA-DBN, AOA-DBN, SSA-DBN, PSO-DBN, BES-DBN, IAOA-SVM, and IAOA-BPNN models. The results show that the IAOA-DBN model can effectively predict the five-year survival rate of patients and provide a reference for the clinical judgment of patients with ESCC.

Survival Risk Prediction of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on BES-LSSVM.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the highest incidence and mortality cancers in the world. An effective survival prediction model can improve the quality of patients' survival. In this study, ten indicators related to the survival of patients with ESCC are founded using genetic algorithm feature selection. The prognostic index (PI) for ESCC is established using the binary logistic regression. PI is divided into four stages, and each stage can reasonably reflect the survival status of different patients. By plotting the ROC curve, the critical threshold of patients' age could be found, and patients are divided into the high-age groups and the low-age groups. PI and ten survival-related indicators are used as independent variables, based on the bald eagle search (BES) and least-squares support vector machine (LSSVM), and a survival prediction model for patients with ESCC is established. The results show that five-year survival rates of patients are well predicted by the bald eagle search-least-squares support vector machine (BES-LSSVM). BES-LSSVM has higher prediction accuracy than the existing particle swarm optimization-least-squares support vector machine (PSO-LSSVM), grasshopper optimization algorithm-least-squares support vector machine (GOA-LSSVM), differential evolution-least-squares support vector machine (DE-LSSVM), sparrow search algorithm-least-squares support vector machine (SSA-LSSVM), bald eagle search-back propagation neural network (BES-BPNN), and bald eagle search-extreme learning machine (BES-ELM).

Overall and stage-specific survival of patients with screen-detected colorectal cancer in European countries: A population-based study in 9 countries.

SummaryBackgroundAn increasing proportion of colorectal cancers (CRCs) are detected through screening due to the availability of organised population-based programmes. We aimed to analyse survival probabilities of patients with screen-detected CRC in European countries.MethodsData from CRC patients were obtained from 16 population-based cancer registries in nine European countries. We included patients with cancer diagnosed from the year organised CRC screening programmes were introduced until the most recent year with available data at the time of analysis, whose ages at diagnosis fell into the age groups targeted by screening. Patients were followed up with regards to vital status until 2016-2020 across the various countries. Overall and CRC-specific survival were analysed by mode of detection and stage at diagnosis for all countries combined and for each country separately using the Kaplan-Meier method.FindingsWe included data from 228 134 patients, of whom 134 597 (aged 60-69 years at diagnosis targeted by screening in all countries) were considered in analyses for all countries combined. 22·3% (38 080/134 597) of patients had cancer detected through screening. Most screen-detected cancers were found at stages I-II (65·6% [12 772/19 469 included in stage-specific analyses]), while the majority of non-screen-detected cancers were found at stages III-IV (56·4% [31 882/56 543 included in stage-specific analyses]). Five-year overall and CRC-specific survival rates for patients with screen-detected cancer were 83·4% (95% CI 82·9-83·9) and 89·2% (88·8-89·7), respectively; for patients with non-screen-detected cancer, they were much lower (57·5% [57·2-57·8] and 65·7% [65·4-66·1], respectively). The favourable survival of patients with screen-detected cancer was also seen within each stage – five-year overall survival rates for patients with screen-detected stage I, II, III, and IV cancers were 92.4% (95% CI 91·6-93·1), 87·9% (86·6-89·1), 80·7% (79·3-82·0), and 32·3 (29·4-35·2), respectively. These patterns were also consistently seen for each individual country.InterpretationPatients with cancer diagnosed at screening have a very favourable prognosis. In the rare case of detection of advanced stage cancer, survival probabilities are still much higher than those commonly reported for all patients regardless of mode of detection. Although these results cannot be taken to quantify screening effects, they provide useful and encouraging information for patients with screen-detected CRC and their physicians.FundingThis study was supported in part by grants from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the German Cancer Aid.

Pro-Inflammatory Signalling PRRopels Cisplatin-Induced Toxicity.

Cisplatin is a platinum-based chemotherapeutic that has long since been effective against a variety of solid-cancers, substantially improving the five-year survival rates for cancer patients. Its use has also historically been limited by its adverse drug reactions, or cisplatin-induced toxicities (CITs). Of these reactions, cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity (CIN), cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), and cisplatin-induced ototoxicity (CIO) are the three most common of several CITs recognised thus far. While the anti-cancer activity of cisplatin is well understood, the mechanisms driving its toxicities have only begun to be defined. Most of the literature pertains to damage caused by oxidative stress that occurs downstream of cisplatin treatment, but recent evidence suggests that the instigator of CIT development is inflammation. Cisplatin has been shown to induce pro-inflammatory signalling in CIN, CIPN, and CIO, all of which are associated with persisting markers of inflammation, particularly from the innate immune system. This review covered the hallmarks of inflammation common and distinct between different CITs, the role of innate immune components in development of CITs, as well as current treatments targeting pro-inflammatory signalling pathways to conserve the use of cisplatin in chemotherapy and improve long-term health outcomes of cancer patients.

Survival and Clinicopathological Features of Cervical Carcinoma Patients with Radiation Therapy

Cervical cancer has a high incidence with a low survival rate. The clinicopathological profile and risk factors cause this. Most cervical cancer sufferers are late in realizing this, contributing to the severity suffered. Radiation has a very important role because it is a therapy that can be done in cervical cancer patients who have experienced an advanced level of severity. This study aims to determine the survival and influence of the clinicopathological and risk factors of radiation patients as a consideration in selecting effective therapy to increase the survival rate of cervical cancer patients. The benefit of this research is to help evaluate cervical cancer management procedures with radiation therapy applied in many hospitals in Indonesia to increase the success of therapy for cervical cancer. An analytical observational study with a retrospective cohort type using medical record data with samples of all patients diagnosed with cervical cancer who received radiation therapy from January to December 2017. Samples in this study were 111 patients. This study revealed that the five-year survival rate of cervical cancer patients was only 53.1%. There was an influence on the clinicopathological stage (p<0.000), histopathology (p<0.000), lymph node status (p<0.000), degree of differentiation (p<0.001), and risk factors for age (p<0.038), parity (p<0.001), education (0.022), marital status (0.001), contraceptive use (p<0.000), and BMI (p<0.000) which resulted in a log-rank p-value <0.05, so it was concluded that there was an effect between these variables on cervical carcinoma survival rate. Multivariate, it was found that radiation, histopathology, lymph node status, contraception, and BMI had a significant effect (p<0.005) on the survival rate of cervical cancer patients. The results of this study indicate that the survival rate of cervical cancer patients is still low, and there is a clinicopathological and risk factors that influence the survival rate of cervical cancer patients.

Abstract 5356: RIDR-PI-103, ROS-activated PI3K inhibitor prodrug inhibits cell growth and impairs the PI3K/Akt pathway in BRAF and MEK inhibitor resistant BRAF-mutant melanoma cells

Abstract The five-year survival rate for patients diagnosed with metastatic melanoma is only 27%. About half of melanomas have the presence of the BRAFV600E oncoprotein, which leads to hyperactivation of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. The MAPK pathway is known to crosstalk with the PI3K/Akt pathway. Treatment with the BRAF inhibitor, Dabrafenib and the MEK inhibitor, Trametinib is limited as patient responses begin to drop due to acquired resistance to these kinase inhibitors. High concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accompany this resistance. ROS-induced drug release (RIDR)-PI-103 is a novel prodrug with a self-cyclizing moiety linked to PI-103, a PI3K inhibitor. Under high ROS conditions, RIDR-PI-103 releases PI-103, which inhibits conversion of PIP2 to PIP3. We have generated Trametinib and Dabrafenib resistant (TDR) cells for 3 BRAF-mutant cell lines: A375, WM115 and WM983B from parental (drug sensitive) cell lines. Studies in our lab demonstrate that TDR cells maintain p-Akt levels compared to parental counterparts and have significantly higher ROS. This is a rationale to explore the efficacy RIDR-PI-103 in TDR cells. We tested the effect of RIDR-PI-103 on cell viability for 1789C melanocytes, 1788B melanocytes, A375 TDR, WM983B TDR, and WM115 TDR using an MTT proliferation assay. RIDR-PI-103 exhibited less toxicity as compared to PI-103 at 5 µM in normal melanocytes. While RIDR-PI-103 significantly inhibited TDR cell proliferation at 5 and 10 µM compared to cells treated with vehicle DMSO and melanocytes. This effect was consistent when TDR cells were treated with RIDR-PI-103 in long-term crystal violet cell proliferation assays. WM115 TDR and WM983B TDR cells were highly sensitive to RIDR-PI-103 at 5 µM, while A375 TDR cells had only ~50% inhibition at 5 µM in both cell proliferation assays. 24 hour treatment with RIDR-PI-103 inhibited p-Akt (S473) along with downstream p-S6 (S240/244) and p-S6 (235/236). To examine the mechanism of action of RIDR-PI-103 and to test that the drug release is ROS induced, we assessed the effect of glutathione (GSH), an antioxidant on the TDR cells in the presence or absence of RIDR-PI-103. GSH alone did not affect proliferation of TDR cells. Addition of GSH to RIDR-PI-103 significantly rescued the cell proliferation in all three TDR cell lines. We next tested the effect of t-butyl hydrogen peroxide (TBHP), a ROS inducer on TDR cells with lower concentrations of RIDR-PI-103. Addition of TBHP to RIDR-PI-103 significantly induced proliferation in TDR cells. Ongoing experiments are focused on assessing the effect of RIDR-PI-103 on the mTOR pathway. Examining the efficacy of RIDR-PI-103 on BRAF and MEK inhibitor resistant cells will expand possible treatment options and open up avenues for the development of new treatment therapies for BRAF-mutant melanoma patients. Citation Format: Hima Patel, Rosalin Mishra, Adam Wier, Nazanin Mokhtarpour, Edward J. Merino, Joan T. Garrett. RIDR-PI-103, ROS-activated PI3K inhibitor prodrug inhibits cell growth and impairs the PI3K/Akt pathway in BRAF and MEK inhibitor resistant BRAF-mutant melanoma cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5356.

Combination of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) compared to TACE alone as bridging therapy transplant recipients with hepatocellular carcinoma: An update.

e16201 Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the world's sixth most prevalent cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. For patients with advanced HCC, trials combining TACE with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as Sorafenib have given mixed outcomes. (TACE) plus lenvatinib led showed significant improvement in OS compared to lenvatinib alone in the first-line setting in patients with advanced HCC according to phase 3 LAUNCH trial which was presented at the 2022 ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium. This study was aimed to compare the outcome of HCC patients who received TACE plus TKI agent versus TACE alone. Methods: Retrospectively all subjects with unresectable HCC were included in this study, who underwent liver transplantation (LT) and were treated by either TACE alone (TA) or TACE plus Sorafenib (TandS) between July 2008–December 2021. For categorical factors, HCC recurrence after LT was reported as frequencies and proportions, while for continuous variables, the median and interquartile range (IQR) or mean was used. For categorical variables, Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests were used, while for continuous variables, Kruskal-Wallis test was used. Results: Seven hundred patients were screened; only 128 patients in total underwent LT with most being males (77%); the median age of 61.5 years. The TA group included 79 (77%) subjects who matched Milan Criteria (MC) and 24 (23%) who did not, but the TandS group had a greater number of cases who did not meet MC: 16 (64%) versus 9 (36%); p = 0.01. There was a significant variation in five-year disease-free survival (DFS) across the therapy groups investigated, with 100% DFS in the TandS group vs 67.2 percent in the TAne group (p = 0.07). The TandS group had a five-year patient survival rate of 77.8% compared to 61.5 percent in the TA group (p = 0.51). However, beyond the MC, patients who were treated with TA had the average percentage of necrotic tumor on resected histology of 43.8 %, 32 % compared to 69.6 %, 32.8 % for cases treated with TandS, p = 0.03. Conclusions: We have found that using TandS is generally well tolerated and demonstrated improved OS compared to TA in patients with unresectable HCC. A prospective clinical study (NCT05171335) is ongoing at our institution to further investigate this concept.

Analysis of 5-Year Survival Rate after Surgery for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer in Women

Abstract
 Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of death in men and women worldwide. The average five-year survival rate for patients with lung cancer is 22% and is significantly lower than the survival rate for other cancers.
 Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the five-year survival rate in women after surgery for non-small cell lung cancer.
 Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed on 59 operated women with primary lung cancer for the period 2011-2020 in the "Second Surgical Clinic" - University Hospital "St. George" and in the Department of "Special Surgery" - Medical University, Plovdiv. Five-year survival rate was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Life-tables method.
 Results: The mean age of the study group was 58.51 ± 10.84. Out of 59 operated patients, 39 (66.1%) survived and 20 (33.9%) survived the follow-up period. The group with the highest survival rate was in the IA stage - 53.14 months (4.42 years). This group has also the lowest mortality rate. The five-year survival at this stage was 71.4%. In stage IV, 57.1% of the patients survived a 60-month period, and in stage IIA and IIB, 42.9% and 33.3%, respectively. In stage IIIA is the largest number of operated patients. The five-year survival rate in this group was 25%. In stage IV, a five-year survival rate of 12.5% ​​was reported.
 Conclusions: The five-year survival of women operated on for lung cancer depends on the stage at which the disease is diagnosed and the extent of surgery.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the ovary: an analysis of clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis with a focus on histological grading.

Ovarian neuroendocrine neoplasm is a rare and highly heterogeneous neoplasm. This study is aimed to describe its demographic and clinicopathological features and identify its prognostic factors. Clinical data of 399 patients diagnosed with ovarian neuroendocrine neoplasms between 2004 and 2016 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were analysed retrospectively. Survival curves were drawn using the Kaplan-Meier method, comparisons among different subgroups were evaluated using log-rank tests, and multivariate Cox regression analyses identified independent prognostic factors. The five-year survival rates of patients with different histological types (carcinoid tumour, neuroendocrine carcinoma and special type of carcinoid tumour) were 25.5%, 96.1% and 75.0%, respectively (P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that in carcinoid tumours, advanced FIGO stage was the only predictor. Additionally, no significant difference was observed among stages II, III and IV using the log-rank test. In neuroendocrine carcinoma, an advanced FIGO stage and high-grade differentiation were risk factors, while chemotherapy was a protective factor. Among all ovarian neuroendocrine neoplasms with a known histological differentiation status, no significant difference was observed among different histological types; only high-grade differentiation was an independent risk factor, and chemotherapy was a protective factor. Patients with neuroendocrine carcinomas and carcinoid tumours of an advanced FIGO stage have a poor prognosis. Poor differentiation of neuroendocrine carcinomas indicates a short survival time, and adjuvant chemotherapy appears to be effective. Histological differentiation of ovarian neuroendocrine neoplasms is the most potent prognostic factor comparing to other known factors. Taken together, ovarian neuroendocrine neoplasms might be better classified as low- or high-grade ones rather than the currently used classification based on histological types in the future.

The impact of lymphadenectomy on lymph node recurrence after performing various treatments for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

BackgroundTreatment for regional lymph node recurrence after initial treatment for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) differs among institutions. Though some retrospective cohort studies have shown that lymphadenectomy for cervical lymph node recurrence is safe and leads to long-term survival, the efficacy remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the long-term outcomes of patients who underwent lymphadenectomy for regional recurrence after treatment for ESCC.Patients and methodsWe retrieved 20 cases in which lymphadenectomy was performed for lymph node recurrence after initial treatment for ESCC in our hospital from January 2003 to December 2016. Initial treatments included esophagectomy, endoscopic resection (ER) and chemoradiotherapy/chemotherapy (CRT/CT). Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) after lymphadenectomy were calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method. We also used a univariate analysis with a Cox proportional hazards model to determine factors influencing the long-term outcomes.ResultsThe five-year OS and RFS of patients who underwent secondary lymphadenectomy for recurrence after initial treatment were 50.0% and 26.7%, respectively. The five-year overall survival rates of patients who received esophagectomy, ER and CRT/CT as initial treatments, were 40.0%, 75.0% and 50.0%, respectively. The five-year OS rates of patients with Stage I and Stage II-IVB at initial treatments were 83.3% and 33.3%, respectively.ConclusionsLymphadenectomy for regional recurrence after initial treatment for ESCC is effective to some degree. Patients with regional recurrence after initial treatment for Stage I ESCC have a good prognosis; thus, lymphadenectomy should be considered for these cases.

122P Dual plane intraoperative digital radiography in breast-conserving surgery

Modern trends in breast cancer surgery lean towards reducing the scope of surgical intervention without compromising oncologic safety. Recent studies have demonstrated a better five-year survival rate in patients that have undergone a breast-conserving surgery followed by radiotherapy. This has led to an increase in the number of breast conserving surgeries across the world. In the course of such surgeries, it is important to make sure the margins remain clean. Inadequate intraoperative assessments could result in 20 – 60% of margins being positive.

Construction of a Prognostic Nomogram Model for Patients with Mucinous Breast Cancer.

Objective The objective of the study is to develop a nomogram for estimating three- and five-year survival rates in mucinous breast cancer patients. Methods Between 2010 and 2016, the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) were searched as a data source for patients associated with mucinous breast cancer (MBC). A total of 3964 patients were recruited after screening. The multivariate Cox model and the univariate Kaplan-Meier (KM) approach were employed to evaluate the independent prognostic markers, followed by developing a nomogram for estimating three- and five-year survival rates in MBC patients. Consequently, the consistency index (C-index) was employed to assess the predictive accuracy of the generated nomogram. Results Age, race, T stage, M stage, surgery, and radiotherapy were all independent predictive biomarkers for the MBC patients (P < 0.05). The nomogram was finally developed based on the underlined factors. Furthermore, the C-index of 0.803 and reliable calibration curves were obtained in the nomogram's assessment. Conclusions In patients with mucinous breast cancer, the proposed nomogram provides a viable tool for accurate prognostic prediction. In clinical practice, it could serve as a personalized diagnosis tool, estimate prognosis, and help in suggesting treatment plans for patients with MBC.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Immunosorbent-Based Hemosorption in Comprehensive Conservative Therapy of End-Stage Heart Failure Patients

Background. Heart failure is the leading cause of death among all cardiovascular diseases. The five-year survival rate in such patients is 50%. In most cases, heart transplantation is the treatment of choice in these patients. However, its use is limited by severe and progressive donor organ deficiency.&#x0D; The aim. To study the effectiveness of immunosorbent-based hemosorption in comprehensive conservative treatment of patients with end-stage heart failure.&#x0D; Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the results of treatment in 59 patients 90% men, 10% women; mean age 41.3 ± 12.4 years; NYHA IIB-III, baseline left ventricular ejection fraction 21.1 ± 4.66%, left ventricular endsystolic volume 206.87 ± 84.1 ml, left ventricular end-diastolic volume 264.4 ± 86.02 ml) hospitalized for end-stage heart failure was performed. Conservative therapy was carried out following international guidelines and was supplemented by a course of 2-4 hemosorption procedures for which hemosorbent granulated deliganding was used. The Student’s t-test was used to analyze the data.&#x0D; Results. The clinical condition of all patients improved after the performed hemosorption procedures by at least one NYHA class. The brain natriuretic peptide level decreased from 1281.17±165.33 pg/ml to 859.48±113.38 pg/ml (p&lt;0.05). Left ventricular ejection fraction increased by 10.77±4.3% (to 29.36 ± 6.27%) (p&lt;0.01), and after 12 months it was 34 ± 2.59% (p&lt;0.05). Left ventricular end-systolic volume decreased by 68.75±43.56 ml (to 137.77 ± 33.21 ml), left ventricular end-diastolic volume decreased by 41.38±31.48 ml (to 238.04 ± 82.1 ml) (p&lt;0.05).&#x0D; Conclusions. The use of hemosorption with hemosorbent granulated deliganding, against the background of conservative treatment of end-stage heart failure, improves the contractile function of the heart and general clinical condition of patients.

State of the Russian Oncology Service: lip cancer. Population-based study at the federal district level. Part II. Survival of patients, median of survival, survival of patients taking into account the localization, histological &#x0D; structure and disease stage

Malignant neoplasms of the lip are a rare type of tumor. State reporting provides only a set of data for calculating incidence rates. The Population-Based Cancer Registry (PCR) database developed by us at the level of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation allowed, for the first time in Russia, to calculate a set of analytical indicators, such as the median survival, one-year and five-year cumulative survival rates of lip cancer patients, taking into account the detailed localization and histological structure.&#x0D; The aim of the study was to investigate the level and trends in survival of lip cancer patients in the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation considering the localization and histological structures and the stage of the disease.&#x0D; The material of the study was the Population-based Cancer Registry of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation. Data processing was carried out using the methodology recommended by the International Association of Cancer Registries under the EUROCARE program.&#x0D; Unfavorable trends in the lip cancer incidence rate have been established in Russia and the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation. The median survival remained within 68 years. Survival rates of patients have indicated a high level of treatment of patients with malignant lip neoplasms at the level of the Northwestern Federal District. Survival of patients in the first year of observation was: observed 89.3%, relative 93.8%. The five-year observed survival did not reach 50%, the relative exceeded 60%.&#x0D; Detailed localization development of the PCR data has revealed that patients with malignant neoplasms of the outer surface of the lower lip (C00.1) account for 60%. Histological characteristics of the registered patients have been significantly improved.

The Association Between Diabetes Mellitus With Five-Year Survival Rate of Breast Cancer Patients

Background: Breast cancer is a highly prevalent malignancy leading to death across the world. However, patient survival is greatly affected by making a diabetes diagnosis. The present study aimed to assessment the association between diabetes mellitus with five-year survival rate of breast cancer patients at the cancer treatment centers. Methods: This Retrospective follow‐up study was conducted on diabetic women with breast cancer. This Retrospective follow‐up study was conducted on 534 women with breast cancer, who had been diagnosed during 1999-2013 referred to cancer treatment centers of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Demographic and clinical data of patients were collected through questionnaires in these centers searching the patient's available medical files. Notably, the patients were selected via systematic random sampling and also the five-year survival of the patients was assessed during the follow-up period up to 2018. Results: In the breast cancer patients, the diabetes prevalence was 12.7%. Of note, the mean and median of five-year survival were 9.95 and 13, respectively. No significant difference was observed in the survival rate of the diabetic and non-diabetic patients (95% CI: 0.431-1.334; hazard ratio [HR]: 0.758; P=0.34). The survival time was increased in the patients receiving metformin as a treatment protocol (95% CI: 0.226-0.950; HR: 0.5; P=0.04). Conclusion: Based on the results, training diabetic patients in regard to risk factors of the breast cancer and effective therapies in controlling hyperglycaemia that need to screen in the early diagnosis of breast cancer are essential to improve health and increase survival rate in diabetic patients.

The Anti-Proliferative and Apoptotic Effects of Rutaecarpine on Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line CE81T/VGH In Vitro and In Vivo.

The overall five-year survival rate for patients with esophageal cancer is low (15 to 25%) because of the poor prognosis at earlier stages. Rutaecarpine (RTP) is a bioalkaloid found in the traditional Chinese herb Evodia rutaecarpa and has been shown to exhibit anti-proliferative effect on tumor cells. However, the mechanisms by which RTP confer these effects and its importance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treatment remain unclear. Thus, in the present study, we first incubated human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell line, CE81T/VGH, with RTP to evaluate RTP’s effects on tumor cell growth and apoptosis. We also performed a xenograft study to confirm the in vitro findings. Furthermore, we determined the expression of p53, Bax, bcl-2, caspase-3, caspase-9, and PCNA in CE81T/VGH cells or the tumor tissues to investigate the possible mechanisms. All the effects of TRP were compared with that of cisplatin. The results showed that RTP significantly inhibits CE81T/VGH cell growth, promotes arrest of cells in the G2/M phase, and induces apoptosis. Consistently, the in vivo study showed that tumor size, tumor weight, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein expression in tumor tissue are significantly reduced in the high-dose RTP treatment group. Furthermore, the in vitro and in vivo studies showed that RTP increases the expression of p53 and Bax proteins, while inhibiting the expression of Bcl-2 in cancer cells. In addition, RTP significantly increases the expression of cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3 proteins in tumor tissues in mice. These results suggest that RTP may trigger the apoptosis and inhibit growth in CE81T/VGH cells by the mechanisms associated with the regulation of the expression of p53, Bax, Bcl-2, as well as caspase-9 and caspase-3.