Fishery Exports Research Articles

Competitiveness identification of fisheries export in Indonesia

Since the implementation of AFTA in 2003 and ACFTA in 2004, the fisheries sector is becoming discussed increasingly. AFTA and ACFTA is the door for international trade, especially import and export activities in Indonesia specifically in the fisheries sector. Besides, this sector is one of the labour-intensive sectors that absorbs a significant workforce. To prevent decreasing in export fisheries, competitiveness can be used as an indicator of trade level. This paper analysed the competitive and comparative advantage of Indonesian fisheries products for export destination country such as United States, Japan, ASEAN, China, and the European Union. Data used in this study were retrieved from BPS and World Bank between 2012 to 2017. This paper used several measurement methods to capture comparative advantage measures namely Trade Specialization Index (TSI), Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Export Product Dynamics (EPD) methods. If fisheries products prove high competitiveness, it can be expected to continue to exist and consistently grow. The results of this study indicate that competitiveness in fisheries sector still increases and encourages domestic production, with the end goal in public welfare. So that in the future, fisheries sector become one of the leading sectors in Indonesia.

Analysis of Fisheries Export Commodities in Banyuwangi Regency, Indonesia

Banyuwangi is one of the districts in East Java that has potential in the field of fisheries. With its potential, Banyuwangi Regency is one of the leading exporters of fisheries to various countries. The export commodity in the form of fish catches, both raw fish and processed fish so that it contributes to the Regional Original Revenue (ROR). Based on this background, researchers are interested in researching about fisheries export commodities in Banyuwangi. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach with descriptive data analysis techniques. The purpose of this research is to analyze the fishery export commodities in Banyuwangi Regency, especially in the Muncar District. The results showed that Muncar Banyuwangi District had exported fishery commodities to 59 countries in the world. In 2016 total fishery export revenues reached Rp. 229,414,958,814, but in 2017 total export revenue only reached Rp. 183,473,619,534. Based on these results, it can be seen that a decrease of Rp. 45,941,339,280. This is caused by a decrease in production caused by several factors, including the influence of natural factors such as weather. In addition, the decline in export revenues from the fisheries commodity sector was also caused by external factors, among which was a decline in demand from several countries due to the country’s sluggish economy. The decline in fishery export commodities in the Muncar sub-district had an impact on the contribution of the fisheries sector in contributing to the Banyuwangi Regency’s Original Revenue. Therefore, exporting companies and the government are pursuing a number of anticipatory strategies to reduce the decline in export numbers and seek to increase exports. This research was useful and important for many municipal governments to identify the factors behind the export of fish commodities and solutions to this problem.

Relationship between sectoral exports and economic growth - A vector error correction modeling for Vietnamese fishery sector 1997 – 2008

Numerous literatures have documented the relationship between exports and economic growth of a nation but not so many on the one between exports of an economic sector and national growth. This paper examines the latter relationship with evidence from fishery exports of Vietnam during 1997 to 2008. The contribution of fishery sector in Vietnamese Gross Domestic Products (GDP) may be mathematically calculated with statistical figures. However, the effects of fishery exports on the economic growth are yet to be thoroughly studied in an econometric approach. An econometric approach with stationary and co-integration tests and vector error correction models used in this study allows forecasting a persistence of the effects of fishery exports on Vietnamese GDP despite of different seasonal business. For the long run estimation, a double increase in national fishery exports revenue would raise the GDP by 7%. This has a great economic meaning in developing process of Vietnamese economy. In reverse direction, Vietnamese fishery exports would increase by 5.2% with a 10% increase in its GDP. Confirming the role of fishery exports in national economic growth, it is necessary for the sector to improve its competitive capacity.

Fisheries Exports of India: A Constant Market Share Analysis

The present study analyses the performance of fisheries exports of India using revealed comparative advantage (RCA), revealed symmetric comparative advantage (RSCA) and the constant market share (CMS) analysis for the period 1980–2016. Indian exports of fisheries have shown a positive trend of comparative advantage in all the markets under consideration revealed by RCA and RSCA. However, CMS results show that for most of the markets, competitiveness had been the utmost crucial driving factor of change in the market shares of Indian fish exports over the study period.

Biological condition and carapace width frequency distribution of blue swimming crabs (Portunus pelagicus) in Gresik and Lamongan, East Java

Crabs, including the blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus), are one of the top five Indonesian fisheries export commodities. The blue swimming crab (BSC) is captured by various fishing gears that are indicated to threaten the sustainability of BSC resources. The aims of this study were to determine the biological condition of BSC by fishing gear, especially carapace width and weight relationship; sex composition and berried or non-berried female (BEF/NBEF); and carapace width distribution. BSC samples were randomly collected from four fishing bases in Gresik and Lamongan, East Java, Indonesia, from July to September 2018. The study found allometric and isometric BSC growth patterns at Gresik and Lamongan, respectively. Sex ratio of male and female crabs was balanced (1:1) with 16% of BEF in Gresik, while in Lamongan, there were more females than males (1:1.6) with 20% of BEF. Overall, catches were dominated by the size class with 11-12 cm carapace width and 70-90 g in weight. The carapace width distribution of indicated that catches from traps were dominated by BSC with of carapace width >10 cm (94%), (according to Ministerial Decree of Marine Affairs and Fisheries number 56/2016, >10 cm of carapace width is the legal size for BSC capture). Meanwhile, BSC catches from gillnets and mini trawls comprised 69% and 52% in the legal size class (>10 cm carapace width), respectively. Promoting traps as a BSC fishing gear can support the implementation of the ministerial decree in the field.

Aeromonas veronii caused disease and mortality in channel catfish in Vietnam

Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) are one of the most commercially important fish species cultured in Vietnam, and has been a major driver of Vietnam's rise to become a leading country for fisheries exports in the world. Since 2016, there have been several outbreaks of a contagious disease which in channel catfish has resulted in severe levels of economic loss. In this study, bacterial isolates from diseased fish were sampled and analyzed from 22 farms in four Northern Vietnam provinces experiencing outbreaks. Isolates were identified as Aeromonas veronii based on their bacteriological characteristics, 16S rRNA sequence analysis, and presence of Aeromonas veronii specific rpoB gene by PCR examinations. Subsequently, A. veronii isolates were tested for their virulence to fish via an experimental infection challenge, and their susceptibility to 21 antibiotics was also assessed. Results showed that A. veronii is pathogenic and has probably contributed to the mass mortality of this channel catfish species in Vietnam. Notably, A. veronii also exhibited resistance to four common antibiotics including amoxicillin, bicozamycin, lincomycin, and vancomycin. To our knowledge, this is the first report of outbreaks associated with A. veronii infection in channel catfish in a Southeast Asian country. This report could be used to alert aquaculture farmers and managers in this region to develop an appropriate biosecurity strategy for protecting catfish and other vulnerable species to A. veronii infection, and find alternative solutions to help mitigate occurences of the disease.

DINAMIKA DAYA SAING EKSPOR UDANG BEKU DAN OLAHAN INDONESIA DI PASAR INTERNASIONAL

During the past eleven years, shrimp is the leading commodity of Indonesian fishery exports, especially the types of frozen and preserved shrimp that have a considerable export value. However, Indonesian exports value growth of both shrimp products are lower than its competitors. The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of competitiveness and the exports dynamics position of frozen and preserved shrimp in Indonesia among competing countries in the international market. The method used is Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Dynamic Revealed Comparative Advantage (DRCA). The method is used to analyze changes in the competition level for 11 years (2007-2017), which is divided into 2 periods namely 2007-2012 and 2012-2017. The results showed that both frozen shrimp and preserved shrimp had a competitiveness in the international market. The competitiveness of Indonesian preserved shrimp tends to increase among 9 main competitors in two periods. In the first period, the competitiveness of Indonesian preserved shrimp was in the falling star position while in the second period reached the best position, namely rising star. On the other hand, the competitiveness of Indonesian frozen shrimp position in the first period was in the lost opportunity and reached the rising star position in the second period. Indonesia needs to increase exports of frozen and preserved shrimp products by ensuring the availability of raw materials and improving quality in exporting frozen shrimp and preserved shrimp.

PENINGKATAN PERAN BEA CUKAI DALAM MENDORONG EKSPOR KOMODITAS PERIKANAN: STUDI KASUS DI WILAYAH MALUKU

Maluku is a national fish barn, so the low number of fisheries exports from Maluku is of concern to all parties, including Customs. The purpose of this study is to analyze the causes of low fisheries commodity exports from Maluku and the role that Customs can take to increase fisheries commodity exports in Maluku. This research uses qualitative methods, by data and stakeholders’ opinions. The results of the study show that the complexity of licensing and poor service are the main causes. The results also show that Customs can take a greater role to encourage fisheries commodity exports with its resources. The implication of this research is to be a trigger for all Customs Offices to increase their role in intensifying the economy in the regions by followingith their respective regional potential.

NON-TARIFF MEASURES IMPACT ON INDONESIAN FISHERY EXPORT

This study aims to analyze the impact of Non tariff measures using sanitary and phytosanitary policy (SPS) and technical trade barriers (TBTs) on fishery exports of Indonesia and its trading partner countries such as China, South Korea, Vietnam, Canada, Russia and the European Union in period of 2007 to 2016. SPS and TBT are measured using inventory approach in the form of coverage ratio. In addition, this study uses a gravity model and panel data regression method. The results of this study indicate that the variables GDP of exporting country and GDP of importing country have a positive and significant effect on Indonesian fishery exports. Distance and SPS have a negative and significant effect on Indonesian fishery exports, while TBT has no effect on Indonesian fishery exports. Keywords: Export, SPS and TBT, Fishery Export, coverage ratio

Fisheries management and governance in Bangladesh

Bangladesh is considered as one of the most suitable riverine country endowed with the rich inland and marine fisheries resources with enormous aquaculture potential. The suitable geographical location of Bangladesh along with its huge number of aquatic species offer excellent opportunities for the effective utilization and management of fisheries resources. Fisheries sector in Bangladesh represents as one of the most productive and dynamic sectors in the country. The country’s fisheries sector plays a significant role in food security, employment, and foreign exchange earnings in the economy. The sector contributes 3.65% to the national GDP and 23.81% to the total agricultural GDP. Fish and fishery products are the country's second largest export commodity contributing 1.97 percent of its exchange earnings in 2015–2016. From the year 2000 to 2016, aquaculture production increased from 712,640 to 2,060,408 mt, which was much higher than wild capture production of 1.023 million mt in 2016. There has also been a recent increase in the value of fishery exports, with more than US $34.08 billion in 2010 rising to more than US $46.60 billion in 2015. However, fisheries production is well below production targets despite the large gains seen in the aquaculture sector. However, the fisheries sector in the 21st century is facing the challenges of food security for the increasing population, habitat degradation, urbanization, and industrial development. Development of responsible fisheries management and optimal use of water bodies can address those challenges. Since fishery is a productive growth sector in Bangladesh, it has high potential to contribute in the socioeconomic development of the country. In this paper, we also make an attempt to examine the current legal status of Bangladesh fisheries and constraints in the implementation of fisheries laws. It is identified that twelve fisheries regulations are executed for the regulation and management of the fisheries resources in Bangladesh. Among these laws, a few are historically important for the regulating and managing of fisheries. These laws are implemented with some amendments for the development of legal mechanisms for fisheries development of Bangladesh. The implementations of these laws often met limited success due to a number of shortcomings in the legislations. The constraints in the implementation are the lack of clear policy guidelines and strategy; inadequacy of existing regulatory framework, non-enforcement of legislation and jurisdictional conflicts, the absence of regular law review and updating mechanism and formulation of by-laws, rules, orders etc. However, in recent years, Bangladesh Government has taken some initiatives towards the conservation and management of fish stocks (e.g., hilsa fishery), both to optimize total production and ensure fisher’s livelihoods. Furthermore, a comprehensive legal framework is required for sustainable management of fisheries resources in Bangladesh.

The Effects of Trade Facilitation on Indonesian Fisheries Export

The growth in the volume and export value of fishery subsector shows the importance role of its sector to Indonesian economy. The export performance is influenced by many aspects, including trade facilitation. The problem faced by Indonesia is the low quality of trade facilitation resulting in relatively high trade costs, and this will affect the export performance. This research aims to analyze the effect of trade facilitation as well as other related variables on the Indonesia export in the fishery subsector, shrimp commodity exports, and export of tuna, mackerel tuna, as well as skipjack tuna. This study used panel data with ten years time series from 2007 to 2016, and the cross section data included ten major export destination countries. The data were analyzed using the gravity model with fixed effect estimation method. The study results showed that trade facilitation and other related variables had an effect on Indonesian fishery, shrimp, and tuna, mackerel tuna, as well as skipjack tuna exports. Based on the research results, Indonesian fishery exports can be improved by, firstly improving capacity and quality port infrastructure. Secondly, improving capacity and quality of electricity supply. Thirdly, the institutional quality is primarily concerned with ethics and corruption, and fourthly, the efficiency of trade across border needs to be improved in the hope of increasing the Indonesian export in the fishery subsector. Keywords: export, fishery, gravity model, trade facilitation

What’s in it for Africa? European Union fishing access agreements and fishery exports from developing countries

Abstract Fishing access agreements have been widely criticized but there is little quantitative evidence of their effects on the economies of developing countries. The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of the European Union’s fishing access agreements on 15 African countries’ fish exports to the OECD. More specifically, we investigate the effects on the extensive and intensive margins of trade, i.e. the probability and volume of trade, when fishing access agreements that have previously been active become inactive. Using the gravity model of trade and detailed data on exports of fishery products for the period 1992–2010 we show that trade with the OECD is negatively affected when EU fishing access agreements are inactive. Export volumes as well as the probability to trade with OECD countries are affected. We look at effects of mixed agreements (with many different species) as well as tuna agreements (tuna and tuna-like species) and find that mixed agreements affect both margins whereas tuna agreements only affect the intensive margin. We conclude that EU fishing access agreements could be a channel through which developing countries gain from trade but that the gains hinge on proper redistribution of benefits and proper management of resources.

수산물 안전의 비경제적요인이 국가간 수산물 교역에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

We explore the effect of the non-economic factors in the safety of fishery products as well as economic and geological factors on fishery trade across countries, using the gravity model in this study. We focus on the effect of non-economic factors, especially, Seafood Traceability system, HACCP, and SPS agreements, which have not been considered in Korean studies using the gravity model. Our findings demonstrate the followings: First, for one trade pattern- fishery export-, Korean total fishery exports and each trading partner’s total fishery imports have a significant effect on Korean fishery exports to them. The proxy variable for distance across countries, transportation time, and companies with HACCP certification have a significant effect on Korea’s fishery exports to trading partners. Second, for the other trade pattern- fishery import-, trading partners’ total fishery exports and transportation time have positive effects on Korean fishery imports from them.

Current Trends in the Philippines' Shrimp Aquaculture lndustry:A Booming Blue Economy in the Pacific

Shrimp aquaculture industry is an important source of income in the inter-tropical countries of Southeast Asia and other inter-tropical developing countries. The shrimp industry has grown rapidly and generates billions of dollars every year in trade and employs millions of people globally. World production of shrimp both captured and farmed is around 7 million metric tons. Shrimp is one of the most important internationally traded fishery commodities in terms of value. Annual reports show that exports of shrimp are currently worth more than 10 billion US dollars or 16% of all fishery exports. Currently, about 40% of the world catch of shrimp is from farming. However, the proportion of farmed shrimp in international trade appears to be much higher.

Assessing the presence of marine toxins in bivalve molluscs from southwest India

The south west coast of India has been showing a steady increase in shellfish cultivation both for local consumption and fishery export, over recent years. Perna viridis and Crassostrea madrasensis are two species of bivalve molluscs which grow in some selected regions of southern Karnataka, close to the city of Mangalore. In the early 1980s, shellfish consumers in the region were affected by intoxication from Paralytic Shellfish Poison present in local bivalves (clams and oysters) resulting in hospitalisation of many, including one fatality. Since then, there have been no further reports of serious shellfish intoxication and there is little awareness of the risks from natural toxins and no routine monitoring programme in place to protect shellfish consumers. This study presents the findings from the first ever systematic assessment of the presence of marine toxins in mussels and oysters grown in four different shellfish harvesting areas in the region. Shellfish were collected and subjected to analysis for ASP, PSP and lipophilic toxins, as well as a suite of non-EU regulated toxins such as tetrodotoxin and selected cyclic imines. Results revealed the presence of low levels of PSP toxins in oysters throughout the study period. Overall, total toxicities reached a maximum of 10% of the EU regulatory limit of 800 μg STX eq/kg. Toxin profiles were similar to those reported from the 1980 outbreak. No evidence was found for significant levels of ASP and lipophilic toxins, although some cyclic imines were detected, including gymnodimine. The results indicated that the risk to shellfish consumers during this specific study period would have been low. However, with historical evidence for extremely high levels of PSP toxins in molluscs, there is a strong need for routine surveillance of shellfish production areas for marine toxins, in order to mitigate against human health impacts resulting from unexpected harmful algal blooms, with potentially devastating socio-economic consequences.

PRODUCTION, SIZE DISTRIBUTION, AND LENGTH WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP OF LOBSTER LANDED IN THE SOUTH COAST OF YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA

Lobster is one of the most important fisheries export commodities. An increasing trend of annual production during 1999-2005 was occurred, however a decreasing trend during 2005-2007 was observed. lt is likely that the long lived and slow growing species group do not capable to balance the fishing pressure.

Geographical Penetration, Composition, Unit Value Realisation, Exports Competitiveness and Market Diversification of Shrimp Exports from India

In India, fisheries is an economic activity contributing 17.07% of the total agricultural exports during the year 2016–17 with annual earnings of US$ 5.78 billion (` 37, 870 crores). Frozen shrimp contributes maximum share of about 66% by value and 39% by quantity. The present study has examined the geographical penetration, composition and unit value realisation of frozen shrimp exports from India. It also estimates the competitiveness index, comparative advantage and market diversification of Indian frozen shrimp exports in the world exports market. India's total fishery exports has risen from 0.3 million tons to 0.95 million tons during the period 1995–96 to 2015–16 with a compound growth rate of 6.46%. India has lost its market share in Japan but has gained in South East Asia and European Union market during the period 1995–96 to 2014–15. India's frozen shrimp exports to major export destinations like Japan, USA and EU have been getting diversified over the period.

한국의 대ASEAN 수산물 수출결정요인에 관한 연구

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN) has been the most essential organization in Asia. In spite of the world economic crisis, Southeast Asian countries have shown fast economic growth since 2000, and they have been actively expanding investments and trades especially with major countries. Research on competitiveness in ASEAN market has spawned an increasingly large literature, but empirical research on the determinants of Korea's export to ASEAN is limited. The purpose of this study is to draw out the determinant of Korean fisheries export to ASEAN by carrying out a panel analysis. For achieving such a purpose, pooled OLS, Hausman Test, Fixed Effect, Random Effect are performed. The last 20 years' data over the period of 1995 to 2014 concentrated on the ASEAN 6 countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippine, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam is used in this study. Amount of aquatic products export to ASEAN is used as the dependent variable; real exchange rate, real GDP, relative price level and GDP per capita are used as the explanatory variables and FTA as dummy variable. Empirical results show that fixed-effect analysis is the best model among all the models. As the fixed effect model shows, real exchange rate, real GDP, GDP per capita and dummy variable(FTA) play positive and statistically significant roles in fisheries export to ASEAN, while price variable plays a negative and statistically significant role to the dependent variable.

DAYA SAING UDANG SEGAR DAN UDANG BEKU INDONESIA DI NEGARA TUJUAN EKSPOR UTAMA

Fishery is one of the sub-sectors holding role in the national economy. Fresh and frozen shrimps are the superior fishery export commodities contributing to Indonesia as the shrimp exporting country. Nevertheless, the volume of shrimp exports in Indonesia is still relatively low compared to that of other exporting countries. This is due to low productivity of shrimp farming in Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian fresh and frozen shrimps in the main export destination countries as well as to analyze the factors influencing the competitiveness in those countries. The data used in this study were series of timeline for 120 months, from January 2005 to December 2014. Thus, the analysis of the competitiveness of Indonesian shrimps was conducted by using Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), while the analysis of the factors influencing competitiveness of Indonesia shrimps was performed by using the Error Correction Model (ECM). The results showed that the competitiveness of fresh shrimps of Indonesia in its export destination countries is still low compared that of frozen shrimps. One of the factors affecting the competitiveness of fresh shrimp exports from Indonesia to Malaysia in the short term is its total production. The competitiveness of Indonesia frozen shrimps in the United States is influenced by the level of competitiveness of the frozen shrimp exports to America on the previous period, export prices of Vietnamese frozen shrimps, and frozen shrimp production in Indonesia. Keywords: competitiveness, fresh shrimps, frozen shrimps, RCA

Is Sri Lanka's marine products exports competitive? Analysis of fisheries exports of Sri Lanka

Fish .export industry in Sri Lanka has become a good source of foreign exchange earnings. The efficiency of the sector can be improved considerably through the development of its trade system. An attempt was made in this paper to determine the performance of fisheries sector trade, the degree of export diversity, the price competitiveness of fisheries product and the impact of fisheries export for the economic growth of the country. The present study is based on time series data pertaining to the period from 1995 to 2004. The data on value of export of fisheries product for Sri Lanka was collected from different volumes of External Trade Statistics reports. To study the composition of export of different fisheries products, percentage export value shores were calculated. The concentration rate of export fisheries products was estimated by using the Hirschman-Herfindhal Index. The Simpson Diversity Index was used to measure the diversity of exports of fisheries products. Export competitiveness of fisheries commodities was calculated by computing the Nominal Protection Coefficient (NPC). Results revealed that the compound growth rates of fisheries sector were 0.13 and 0.1 percent in terms of value of exports and quantity of exports respectively. The export diversification index fluctuated between 76 percent in 1995 and 68 percent in 2004. An examination of NPC for different fisheries products such as prawns, Crabs and Lobsters indicated that all the goods were competitive internationally, because all the values were less than unity every year. A regression analysis confirms that there exists a statistically significant and positive association between exports and economic growth in Sri Lanka. If Sri Lanka aims to achieve a high rate of economic growth through promoting exports then it has to minimize the fluctuations in export earnings, maintain export competitiveness and promote exports. AGRIEAST 2010 (9) p.36-41