Groups Of Fishermen Research Articles

Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Fishing Community in Southern Italy

BackgroundWork organization and psychosocial factors influencing sleep patterns may be significant risk factors for developing obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the impact on the health of working patterns in the fishing sector is not well characterized. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of MetS and its components in fishermen and to analyze occupational-specific risk factors contributing to metabolic alterations. MethodsOne hundred forty-three male fishermen from Apulia (Southern Italy) and 93 male university workers age-matched and from the same geographical area were included in this cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was administered to investigate socio-demographic variables, work activity, health status, and dietary habits. All subjects underwent clinical evaluation and blood sampling to depict their metabolic profile. ResultsA higher body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (p < 0.001) were observed in fishermen than in university workers. No significant difference between the two groups was observed in the prevalence of MetS (15.4% fishermen vs 16.1% university workers) and its relevant diagnostic criteria, except abdominal obesity (42.7% fishermen vs 29.0% university workers, p = 0.021). The Castelli risk index, the monocyte/c-HDL ratio, and the Sokolow index were significantly greater in fishermen (p < 0.001). In the fishermen group, the total number of sleeping hours on working days was negatively correlated with WC (r = -0.17; p = 0.04), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (c-LDL) (r = -0.21; p = 0.02), and the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index (r = -0.19; p = 0.02). ConclusionThe higher prevalence of obesity and the imbalance of the metabolic profile observed in fishermen could be related to occupational factors, including the specific working pattern that influences their sleeping hours and sleeping-waking rhythms.

Empowering the Bayu Segara Fishermen's Group through Digital Marketing: Enhancing Product Visibility and Sales in a Competitive Marketplace

With a premium, halal-certified quick Ginger-Turmeric-Temulawak product, the Bayu Segara fishermen's organization has great difficulty growing their company. Important problems include underutilization of the potential of the product, poor digital expertise, limited manual marketing efforts, and limited promotional reach via WhatsApp. A thorough session covering digital marketing strategies—including social media management, online marketplace optimization, and content creation—was held on July 28 to help to solve these problems. Product photos done to improve e-commerce display before the training. The session gave attendees useful knowledge in social media account management, online store setup, and content creation. Practical experience helped them to use these abilities straight-forwardly, thereby enhancing their efforts at digital marketing. The findings show that product exposure, market reach, and sales should be much improved by the increased digital presence and marketing competencies. In a cutthroat digital market, this strategy offers the firm a viable road for corporate expansion.

Perspectives of fishers on the incident of fish kills in Rivers State Coastal Waters, Nigeria

This study was conducted to assess fishermen's perspectives on the massive fish kill incident in coastal waters in Rivers State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected using questionnaires from 101 randomly selected fishermen and the data were evaluated using descriptive statistics. The results showed that fishing was the main occupation of the respondents and the interviewed fishermen have fishing experience in the region studied and knowledge of their fishery. The results showed that 53.3 percent of fishermen attributed the strange phenomenon to pollution, while 19.8 percent cited infection and disease as the cause of the fish kills. The majority of respondents (94%) reported that croaker fish species were particularly affected in the study area. Other observations include fish swimming on the surface or jumping onto shore and affected fish washing up on shore. The unusual appearances of the dead fish commonly reported by respondents were as follows: fin rot, open mouth, disease spots and deep blue gills. About half of the respondents (50.5%) gave a range of 1,000 - 5000 dead fish and a size class of the dead fish of more than 30 cm. Most respondents (79.2%) indicated that the government has not taken any action. Few of those surveyed reported government action on sea clean-up exercises to remove dead fish and end oil spillage and bunkering as measures put in place by the government. The study recommended partnerships between the government and fishermen and fishermen's groups as stakeholders are required to address the concerns about marine waters.Keyword: Coastal waters; Fishers; Mass fish mortality; Nigeria

INNOVATION IN FIBERGLASS SHIP ASSEMBLY: SOCIAL-ECONOMIC AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP STUDY OF COASTAL COMMUNITIES

The problem of low performance of fishing communities in producing capture fisheries is generally related to the low quality of the capital ships used. This research aims to reveal the factors that caused the emergence of innovation in the business of assembling fiberglass fishing ships, the level of business development, and its impact on improving the socio-economic performance of fishing communities in rural areas. The research sample included small fishing communities and a group of fishermen who had built a business assembling fiberglass fishing ships in Bengkulu Selatan Regency. Because the data collected is mostly in the form of qualitative data, the analysis method used is a descriptive-qualitative method supported by statistical analysis methods. The results indicate that the emergence of innovation in assembling fiberglass fishing ships is driven by evidence highlighting the superior quality of fiberglass over wood in ship construction. The growth of the fiberglass ship assembly business is evident through its expanding market reach and increased sales turnover. Qualitatively, the study demonstrates that the innovation in assembling fiberglass ships has a positive impact on the socio-economic performance of fishermen, manifested through improved workability, heightened work motivation, and increased capture fisheries production. Three key recommendations emerge from the findings: (1) Stakeholders should consistently support the sustainability of fiberglass ship assembly businesses; (2) Relevant agencies are encouraged to actively contribute to the substantial development of the fiberglass ship assembly sector; and (3) Fishing communities greatly benefit from socialization, empowerment, literacy, and education programs.

Analysis of Socio-Economic Activities of Coastal Communities Case Study of Fishermen in Padelegan Village

This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive type. Sources of data obtained through interviews, observation and documentation. The type of interview used was semi-structured, while the type of observation used was non-participant observation. The informants are fishermen, fish traders, fish managers and fishermen groups in Padelegan village. The results of this study indicate that first the socio-economic activities of coastal fishermen in Padelegan village, Pademawu sub-district, Pamekasan district, there are three socio-economic activities, namely buying and selling fish, boat rental services, fish management and fishermen groups. The two supporting factors in the socio-economic activities of coastal fishermen in Padelegan village, Pademawu sub-district, Pamekasan district from buying and selling fish, namely (1) good and complete facilities, (2) orderly and safe administrative activities, and (3) affordable purchase prices. The inhibiting factors for buying and selling fish are (1) decreased fish catches, (2) buyer dissatisfaction, and (3) unemployed fish customers.

Perceptions of the attributes of fish farming in floating cages on Lake Toho in southern Benin: the case of fishermen

Fishing is an economic activity that generates significant added value, contributes to job creation and improved food and nutritional security. For several years however, it has been confronted for several years with a decline in halieutic resources in the face of which fish farming in floating cages constitutes an optimal management solution. The objective of this article is to analyze the perceptions of the attributes of fish farming in floating cages by fishermen. The study involved a random selection of 210 fishermen from the three municipalities (Lokossa, Houéyogbé and Athiémé) of Toho lake. Analyzes of variance and correlation followed by principal component analysis were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there are three groups of fishers with different perceptions of floating cage fish farming. Fishers who perceived fish farming in floating cages as a form of fish farming that is efficient and very demanding but less suitable in the long term represent the first group. For the second group of fishermen, there are markets for the sale and sale of fish reared in floating cages, but there is difficulty in finding inputs (provend, veterinary products and antibiotics) of fish in floating cages. The third group perceived that fish farming in floating cages is a very flexible, rigid and efficient activity compared to other fish farming techniques. According to this study, it is important that the Government of Benin take into account the perceptions of fishermen before installing floating cages on Lake Toho.

Bycatch Estimates of Dugongs and Dolphins: Results from an Interview Survey of Fishermen in Brunei Bay, Malaysia

Bycatch refers to the unintentional capture of non-targeted animals during fishing activities. Worldwide, bycatch poses a significant threat to marine mammal species. In the Southeast Asian region, information on bycatch is particularly scarce, and there is little indication that the issue is adequately addressed anywhere in the region. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted face-to-face interview surveys across fishing communities in the Malaysian side of the Brunei Bay. We collected two datasets of marine mammal bycatch incidences from two different groups of fishermen (N=90 of 356 reported dugong data, 0.3%, and N=62 of 146 reported dolphin data, 0.4%), to estimate the levels of mortalities of the marine mammals. More than four fifths (82.1%) of respondents reported that they have accidentally captured at least one marine mammal (25.0% dugong and 42.5% dolphin) throughout their lifetime as a fisherman, with the highest frequency of occurrence being reported by fishers using gillnets (53.5% and 38.7%, respectively). Our interview results suggest an annual bycatch of 0.22 (95% CI = 0.13 to 0.32) for dugongs and 0.65 (95% CI = 0.40 to 0.88) for dolphins in the Malaysian Brunei Bay. Findings from this study provides important data to guide fisheries resource managers in providing protection and conservation efforts the endangered marine mammal populations.

Pa'belle Fishermen Empowerment: A Communicative Action Perspective in An Industrialized Society

This research examines the empowerment process of Pa'belle fishermen from a communicative action perspective, recognizing that all their activities serve as communication tools with meaning and messages for others. The study aims to analyze the problems faced by the fishermen during the empowerment process, as well as the communicative actions they undertake and the direction of their empowerment. The research utilizes a qualitative Single Case Study approach, with 15 purposively selected fishermen as informants who have at least two years of experience working as fishermen and understand the challenges experienced by fishermen and fishermen groups. Data collection involved in-depth interviews, participant observation, and literature study, while data analysis employed a three-step technique of data categorization, data reduction, and conclusion drawing. The study findings revealed various problems faced by Pa'belle fishermen in the empowerment process, including challenges with government support such as DAU 2021 assistance, the need for "Balean" wooden stakes, nets, extension workers' limited understanding of fishermen's socio-cultural realities, and exclusive participation in meetings with village heads. Internal problems within fishermen groups were also identified, such as the lottery-based determination of Sero numbers, inadequate information dissemination from extension workers to group members, lack of coordination among members, and a group leader who is not open or independent. The study also identified the communicative actions of Pabelle' fishermen during the empowerment process. These actions included intense communication, providing self-managed assistance tailored to the fishermen's needs, active participation in every activity, conveying ideas intensively, daring to express criticism and input on occurring problems, displaying a critical perspective on illegal logging issues, as well as exhibiting power, access, and control over their resources. In terms of the direction of Pabelle' fishermen empowerment, the study suggests the need to strengthen the role of fishermen groups, the digitalization of fishermen's activities, increased environmental awareness, and the involvement of external parties outside the government. This research demonstrates that empowerment processes among the Pa'belle fishermen involve various communicative actions that convey their social situations to others. The findings highlight the key problems encountered by the fishermen, the communicative actions they undertake during the empowerment process, and the directions for further empowerment initiatives. These insights contribute to a better understanding of the empowerment process and offer guidance for policymakers and practitioners seeking to empower marginalized fishing communities.

Stakeholders' knowledge of threatened freshwater fishes and their involvement in fishery value chains in order to assist conservation in developing countries

IntroductionImproved conservation of exploited freshwater biodiversity is an increasing priority globally, but in developing countries there is often little insight of stakeholder attitudes within the value chains through which exploited species are passed, upon which to make informed management decisions.MethodsWe determined knowledge concerning threatened freshwater fishes in Bangladesh by key stakeholder groups (fishermen, faria agents, commission agents, retailers and consumers; n = 485 respondents) and their participation level in the threatened fish value chain. We also determined factors affecting local ecological knowledge and participation in the value chain.Results and discussionThe highest mean number of threatened fish species (4.8 ± 3.5% of species) was identified by the fishermen group, whereas consumers identified fewest (0.5 ± 1.1% of species). All respondent groups participated in the threatened fish value chain and their participation varied across respondent groups. 45.3% of the total number of threatened fish species appeared in the value chain. Participation level was highest for commission agents, involved in the trade of 21.5 ± 4.2% of threatened fish species, and lowest for consumers (7.4 ± 6.5% of threatened species). For fishermen, the principal component “experience-income-age” and the interaction between education and financial loan factors affected fishers' participation in the threatened fish value chain positively whereas, this was negatively affected by their knowledge level of threatened fishes. This study reveals the poor knowledge of stakeholder groups regarding threatened fishes, but establishes their active participation in the value chain of these species in Bangladesh. With limited resources for conservation of threatened species in many developing countries, it is very risky to implement commonly used in-situ conservation methods (e.g., habitat quality improvement) without fuller buy-in from the stakeholders.ConclusionsWe recommend specific protection laws for threatened fishes and awareness building campaigns for stakeholder groups to ensure minimum impact to threatened fish species. As overharvesting is a major cause of threatened fish species decline, such training programmes should be designed for fishers in developing regions. Education programmes on threats to ecosystems and biodiversity should be prioritized in schools and fishing communities. In addition, regular monitoring for protected species at harvesting sites and fishing markets should be ensured.

Water Conflict Between Fishermen And The Shrimp Farm Industry (Case Study Of Nglebeng Village, Panggul District, Trenggalek Regency)

This research aims to determine the conflict between fishermen and shrimp farming entrepreneurs in Nglebeng Village, Trenggalek Regency and the conflict resolution used. This qualitative research uses a case study approach carried out in Nglebeng Village. Using purposive sampling, the author collected data through observation and in-depth interviews with informants with specific criteria. In terms of validity testing, the author uses the triangulation technique, which is done by collecting similar data and comparing the data to obtain a picture of the information. Data analysis was carried out using interactive analysis techniques. The research results concluded that differences in interests between groups of fishermen and shrimp farming entrepreneurs caused the conflict between fishermen in the waters of Konang Nglebeng Beach. In this case, it is related to environmental pollution. Conflicts are caused by differences in interests held by each group, where shrimp farmers want to develop their business and fishermen want the sea not to be polluted by waste because it can disrupt the ecosystem of marine creatures. Conflict resolution in dealing with the problem of shrimp farms and fishermen is solved using Dahrendorf theory, namely Conciliation, Mediation, and Arbitration.

Factors Influencing the Participation of Small-Scale Fishermen in Marine Protected Areas in East Java

Marine Protected Areas (MPA) were created to address overfishing, which can harm fishing communities and reduce the number of fish. This affects how much food is available and how happy people feel, especially for people who work as small-scale fishermen. They depend on catching fish to meet their needs. This study aimed to find out what factors affect fishermen's choice to participate in MPAs. It was done in Malang and Probolinggo Regencies in East Java, with 200 fishermen involved in the research. This research gathers information by asking people questions through a survey. The survey has a set of questions that are planned. The economist studies the probit model to determine what factors affect fishermen's choice to join MPAs. The findings indicated that factors like family members, marital status, number of fishing gear, market access, and savings did not have a noteworthy impact on the involvement of small-scale fishermen in MPAs. But, things like how old they are, how much education they have, whether they belong to a fishermen's group, if they work outside of fishing, and if they are part of a cooperative all greatly impact whether small fishermen participate in MPAs.

ANALISIS EKONOMI USAHA PEMBIBITAN MANGROVE DI KELOMPOK TANI DAN NELAYAN BERAS BASAH, KELURAHAN BEREBAS TENGAH KOTA BONTANG (Economic Analysis of Mangrove Nurseries in Farmers and Fishermen's Groups Beras Basah, Berebas Village, Central Bontang City)

The goal of the research is to measure the eligibility of mangrove cultivation carried out by Beras Basah farmers and fishermen group and to determine the supporting and inhibiting factors in mangrove cultivation business. The method that’s been used in this research is the method of economic eligibility analysis with R/C, BEP, PP, and ROI study approach method and descriptive analysis method. The results of the research show that the cultivation managed by the farmers and fishermen group in Beras Basah made a profit and are eligible, with an R/C value of 2.29, 6.570 of BEP productions, 876.04 of BEP pricing, 5,423,712 of BEP sales, 7.37 of PP and 40.72% ROI. The supporting factor in this cultivation are: 1). There’s assistance by the government officials, 2). Good cooperation among the group of farmers and fishermen, 3). The area of cultivation is free to use. The inhibiting factors to the cultivation are: 1). The public consumers’ demand are less, 2). There’s ocean tide that would affect the cultivation process.

Pemberdayaan Kelompok Masyarakat Desa Baddurih dalam Pelatihan Pengolahan Tepung Mangrove Subsitusi Tepung Terigu

Market demand for the availability of souvenirs typical of Madura with local wisdom is relatively high, so the business of processed fisheries and marine products, namely mangroves, can be the right choice to start a business in order to improve the economy of a creative community. To fulfill this, efforts to increase production are needed. The partner of this program is the “Alam Mangrove” group in Baddurih Village, Pademawu District. Partners have a strong desire for entrepreneurship, especially in fulfilling various types of wet and dry cake snacks where the flour is obtained from mangrove plants or marine and fishery products. However, the limited variety of cakes from marine and fishery products is a separate problem faced by partners in the context of processing flour products to meet the needs of existing culinary businesses. Limitations in the processing of fishery products require careful thought in efforts to empower something that is productive to become a creative economy. This program is carried out using training and mentoring methods including training in product manufacturing and cultivation training in product marketing management while mentoring is carried out in training, marketing and financial analysis. In the mentoring phase, monitoring and evaluation will also be carried out to ensure the sustainability of the program. The output of this program is the increased production of fishery products from the fishermen's group in Lembung Village. Other outputs from this program are publications in Proceedings and national scientific journals with ISSN, e-ISSN and publications in mass media

Analisis Tingkat Kesejahteraan Keluarga Nelayan (Studi Kasus di Kelompok Nelayan “Tapang Kembar” Kelurahan Sanur, Kecamatan Denpasar Selatan)

Analysis Welfare Level of Fishermen’s Families (Case Studies in the Fishing Group “Tapang Kembar” Sanur Village, South Denpasar District)&#x0D; Sanur is a popular local and international tourist destination with numerous small store and restaurants selling seafood. However, due to visiting limitations imposed during the pandemic, people's purchasing ability for catches and tourist attractions has been limited. This has a negative influence on the livelihoods of people, particularly the "Tapang Kembar" fishing community. This research was to know (1) Fisherman Income (2) The Level of Welfare of Fishermen’s Families (Case Studies in the Fishing Group “Tapang Kembar” Sanur Village, South Denpasar District). This research was carried out in a group of fishermen “tapang kembar” Sanur Village, South Denpasar District, location determination is done intentionally (purposive). The respondents in this study were 35 tradisional fishermen who used fishing rods and nets. For one year, a fisherman's family's income depends on fishing and no fishing revenue. The level of welfare of fishermen family is analyzed by criteria the central agency statistics 2018.The results showed that the income obtained by fishermen for one year was Rp 47.550.941. The income contributions of the fishing industry (on fishing) amount to 96,81% from the income of tradisional fisherman and contributions from businesses outside the fisheries sector is 3,18%. The monthly income of the fisherman's families in Sanur Village's "Tapang Kembar" fishing group is Rp 3.962.578. According to the criteria of the 2018 statistical center agency, there are 28 fishing families with a percentage of 80% belonging to prosperous families and seven fishing families with a percentage of 20% belonging to not prosperous families.

Persepsi Kelompok Tani Nelayan Segara Asih terhadap Pengembangan Wisata Bahari di Pantai Bias Munjul, Dusun Ceningan Kangin, Desa Lembongan, Kabupaten Klungkung

Perceptions of the Segara Asih Farmers and Fishermen Group on the Development of Marine Tourism at Bias Munjul Beach, Ceningan Kangin Hamlet, Lembongan Village, Klungkung Regency&#x0D; Nusa Ceningan with an area of 306 hectares has the potential as a place for tourism development, one of which is Munjul Bias marine tourism. Thus, this study aims to analyze perceptions and determine the factors supporting and inhibiting the development of marine tourism at Bias Munjul Beach, Lembongan Village. The research was conducted at Bias Munjul marine tourism from the end of April to July 2021. Data was collected through questionnaires and in-depth interviews. The data analysis used is a qualitative-quantitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the overall level of perception could be categorized as "Strongly Agree". Then, the supporting factors for the development of Bias Munjul marine tourism are the tourist attractions, the availability of sea transportation, and the high participation of the community. Meanwhile, the biggest inhibiting factor is accessibility and government support. Suggestions that can be given are to immediately improve internal management, increase promotions, optimize facility maintenance, and immediately resolve road access problems, so as to support the development of Bias Munjul marine tourism in the future.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE MINAPOLITAN VILLAGE CSR PROGRAM MODEL PT. PERTAMINA RU II DUMAI

In an effort to improve the welfare of the fishermen community, PT. Pertamina RU II Dumai created the Minapolitan Village CSR program. However, in the implementation of the program there are still problems, First, the Minapolitan village development program has not made the right contribution to the results desired by the TUNA fishermen group. The second problem is that the form of assistance provided for the Minapolitan Village Program often fails and does not generate any profit for the Tuna Fishermen's Group. The aim of the research is to analyze the Development of the Minapolitan Village CSR Program Model PT. Pertamina RU II Dumai to the Tuna Fishermen Group. The research method uses qualitative methods. The findings on the Leadership indicator are implemented, the Proportion of Assistance indicator is quite implemented, the Transparency and Accountability indicator is Enough Implemented, the Area Coverage indicator is implemented, the Planning indicator is implemented, the Stakeholder Engagement indicator is Enough Implemented, the Sustainability indicator is not implemented enough, and the Real Results indicator is quite feasible. The conclusion of this study is the development of the Minapolitan Village CSR Program model by PT. Pertamina RU II Dumai for the Tuna Fishermen Group is more maximized on indicators that are quite implemented and not implemented.

LEGAL PROTECTION FOR KENJERAN BEACH FISHERMEN IN THE ERA OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0

Background. The reduction in the number of fishermen over the last 3-5 years has affected the fish catch in Surabaya, for the last 5 years it has continuously decreased. The uncertainty of the income obtained by fishermen from fishing and the limited fishing gear and the current increase in fuel prices add to the heavy burden on fishermen. In addition, the influence of the west wind season. The purpose of this research was to create a problem-solving strategy and develop community skills on the Kenjeran coastline both in the management of fish, and catch of the sea around the Kenjeran coastline. Research Method. This research was a type of Community Based Research. The research was conducted from March to June 2021, location was in Nambangan- Cumpat Fishermen Village, Kedung Cowek, Bulak, Surabaya City. The population in this study were members of the Fishermen's Group from each village, totaling 115 people. The research analysis approach is through Islamic eco-theology. Findings. Fishing activity is the main livelihood of coastal communities so when they cannot go to sea it means they cannot fulfill their daily needs. The results of this activity found several descriptions, situations of social structure, conditions, and problems faced by fishing communities, including population density, sanitation, slum environments, natural weather which is also an obstacle for fishermen to catch fish, narrow employment opportunities, and other social inequality. Conclusion. Efforts to understand Islamic eco-theology in the Kenjeran coastal fishing community are one of the means to conserve the coastal environment.

Mangrove Ecosystem sustainability Effort in Essential Ecosystem Areas (KEE) of Teluk Pangpang Banyuwangi Regency

This study aims to determine priority alternative efforts in managing the mangrove ecosystem of KEE Teluk Pangpang Kab. banyuwangi. Process Hierarchy Analysis or AHP is used to determine priority alternatives in efforts to sustain mangrove ecosystems. A total of six (6) people who were expert informants were taken as respondents using purposive sampling consisting of community leaders, heads of Fishermen's groups, heads of Farmers' groups, Fisheries Service, and Academics. The results of the analysis show that for an alternative to violence, the mangrove ecosystem KEE Teluk Pangpang (Kedunggebang Village), Kab. banyuwangi, the main factor that must be considered is social (weight value = 0.689) with the most important aspect including involving community participation in the management of mangrove ecosystems (weight value = 0.701). Meanwhile it shows that alternative priority scales and efforts to sustain the mangrove ecosystem of KEE Teluk Pangpang (Kedunggebang Village) Kab. Banyuwangi with AHP, namely the order of priority is Ecotourism (weight value = 0.429), Silvofhisery (weight value = 0.377) and Traditional Fisheries (weight value = 0.194). Thus, alternative ecotourism efforts are a top priority in the sustainability of the mangrove ecosystem of KEE Teluk Pangpang (Kedunggebang Village) Kab. Banyuwangi. Ecotourism In terms of ecosystem sustainability, it is defined as an alternative tourism product that has the goal of developing sustainable tourism, namely tourism development that is ecologically feasible and ethically just and provides social benefits to the community.

The Analysis of Fishermen's Fishing Income Business and Factors Affecting in Medan Belawan District

The objective of the research done in the subdistrict of Medan Belawan is to quantify the extent of the disparity in fishermen's catch business revenue and examine the elements that contribute to it. The approach employed is a survey, including both secondary and primary data acquired from a variety of sources. This research use stratified random sampling and gini ratio analysis to achieve its objective. Using stratified sampling, responses from fishermen were collected. The income from fishing for motorized and non-powered boats in the Medan Belawan subdistrict was somewhat unequal, according to the study's findings. The moderate inequality indication in the group of fishermen who use boats with outboard motors can develop for a number of causes, including those listed below : The employment of more modern fishing equipment enables them to sail to more expansive fishing grounds/areas. Consequently, their catch rates are often substantially greater than those of non-motorized boat fishermen. There is a potential that if the Gini Ratio Index is computed for merging with groups of fishermen who have superior fishing means, then the Gini Ratio Index calculation results will be greater (income distribution is more unequal). The catch per trip of motorized boat fishermen in the Medan Belawan District has a beneficial impact on revenue. The catch has a substantial beneficial influence on the revenue of motorboat fisherman over the course of a year.; While it is negatively influenced by the expense of traveling to sea, the time spent going to sea, and the season, it is positively affected by the amount of fish caught. Positive influences on the revenue of motorbike-riding fisherman are the catch and the cost of traveling to sea, whereas negative influences are the number of employees, the time spent, and the season.

Interpersonal Communication of the Election Commission as a Strategy in Efforts to Improve the Political Efficiency of the Fisherman Community in Manggar District, Belitung Timur Regency

The KPU's communication target in general elections is to increase voter participation by giving them their voting rights in elections. Preliminary studies show that around 69.8% of 40 fishermen in Manggar District, East Belitung Regency, are still apathetic towards political processes such as elections and feel that their involvement in politics will have no impact. Therefore, the KPU then implemented an interpersonal communication strategy in an effort to increase the political efficacy of the fishing community in Manggar District. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques of interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman interactive model, which consisted of the stages of data collection, data condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study found that the East Belitung KPU, together with members of the Manggar District Election Committee (PPK), held face-to-face meetings and discussions with fishermen groups as part of the KPU's outreach activities to the public. KPU has been open and honest in conveying any information related to the election, understanding the problems felt by fishermen, and providing support in the form of providing election education and knowledge to fishermen. In addition, KPU has also tried to build an atmosphere and interaction with fishermen to foster equality, as well as a communication approach that considers fishermen important. External factors such as the social environment or friends in the community and the candidate's vision and mission that can prosper the fishermen are factors that also influence the fishermen's perceptions and evaluations of elections and the political system in Indonesia.