First Years Of Training Research Articles

Risks of mental health of foreign medical residents who study in Ukraine

IntroductionThe high level of psycho-emotional stress today significantly increases the moral burden on the mental health of medical workers. One of the most vulnerable groups of medical specialists in Ukraine are foreign resident doctors. Since in Ukraine this contingent of doctors is faced with extraordinary problems of high psycho-emotional stress, such as COVID-19 around the world and the russian war against Ukraine. Raising the issue of resident doctors, the main issue becomes not only their professional identity, but also the formation of the necessary stress resistance in different conditions of professional activity.ObjectivesTo study the level of tolerance to stress and uncertainty among foreign resident doctors in unusual conditions of performing professional duties.MethodsThe examination included the use of clinical-psychological, psychodiagnostic and psychometric research methods.ResultsAs of the beginning of 2020, 395 foreigners were studying. During the first phase of the pandemic, 118 foreigners left Ukraine. By the beginning of 2022 (before the full-scale war), 302 medical residents were trained. As of the beginning of 2023, 167 doctors are studying, of which only 61 people are on the territory of Ukraine.The primary analysis of the clinical-psychological study showed that the most common complaints among foreign resident doctors are: increased levels of feelings of tension (in 75,4%), decreased motivation for activity (73,2%), anxious (72,7%) and depressive symptoms (69,3%), frequent headaches (68.6%), constant feelings of irritation (65,4%), manifestations of aggression in relation to colleagues (63,9%) and patients(61,4%), a feeling of fear for the future (60,1%), conflicts in the family (59,5%).The study of factors that influence the increase in the level of stress among foreign resident doctors were sorted according to the principle of ordinary and extraordinary. Ordinary stress factors include: the nature of the specialty, the conditions of professional activity, a foreign country, relationships in the team. Extraordinary factors include new working conditions (professional challenges of COVID-19, war on the territory of Ukraine), increased risks of responsibility for the patient’s life (search for a treatment solution against the background of COVID-19), nature of assistance (providing assistance due to combat injuries).ConclusionsAt the end of the study, a comprehensive program will be created for the early detection of signs of adaptation disorder, which will be aimed at reducing emotional distress, tension in the learning process, support in the first years of training for medical residents.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

The algorithm of effective communication ties between HR departments of industrial companies and the university

Human resources are one of the basic factors of production. At present, this factor is becoming scarce, and employers are facing much tougher competition for high quality human resources. That entails growing demands modern graduates make regarding their workplace. The authors have analyzed the dynamics of the unemployment rate and made a conclusion about the absence of labor-surplus regions in Russia. Under these conditions employers need to establish system interaction with the university. The authors point out that close communication should be initiated in the first years of training because the majority of the students start working during their studies at the educational institution. Two basic models of organization of the graduate employment have been studied. The first model is a model according to which the functions of organizing internship and employment are merged into a single structure; the second one is a model where the function of organizing internship is assigned to the training department/division while the employment function is the task of a separate structural division. On the basis of the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of each suggested model the authors have made a conclusion that the first model if the most effective as it contributes to the creation of a single point of entry and communication with the university. A problematic issue in graduate employment is the gap in understanding the requirements of the graduate to the employer and those of the employer to the future specialist. The authors put forward a hypothesis that one of the effective ways of solving the stated problem may be a special algorithm of work of the employees of the Career Centre with the representatives of HR departments, heads of educational and industrial practices. The main stages of the algorithms have been identified: conducting a design and analytical session; the introduction of dual training as an effective tool for building the interaction between Career Centres and HR departments; developing programs of interaction with employers depending on the category, formation of a pool of ambassadors of interested parties. Implementation of the algorithm presented in the article will contribute to the development of a single approach of interaction with employers and will ensure more effective employment of graduates.

‘They're not doing too much are they?’ How the socialization of registered nurses perpetuates status differences with certified nursing assistants: A qualitative study

BackgroundLimited knowledge exists about how the socialization of vocationally trained registered nurses both at school and during internships in the community of practice influences their perception of, and working relationship with certified nursing assistants. ObjectivesThis paper studies, first, how registered nurse students internalize the perceptions and discourses about certified nursing assistants conveyed by teachers, mentors and other students during their socialization at school and in the community of practice. Second, it examines how this socialization forms student's perception of, and actual working relationship with certified nursing assistants. DesignQualitative descriptive and exploratory study using an interpretative framework. MethodsIndividual in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 registered nurse students that were in their third or fourth year of training. ResultsThe findings reveal that at school the division of tasks and working relationship between registered nurse students and certified nursing assistants was very rarely discussed explicitly. However, teachers and students implicitly and explicitly conveyed that certified nursing assistants have lower status, describing the latter's role as inferior and as assisting to the role of registered nurses. During internships in the community of practice, some students initially adjust this perception when directly working with certified nursing assistants, who generally are their mentor in the first years of training, consider certified nursing assistants as equal and highlight the interdependence of the two occupational groups. Yet, further in their training, registered nurse students start to relate more to graduated registered nurses and reproduce the dominant perception and discourse that certified nursing assistants are inferior and supposed to support registered nurses, thereby perpetuating pervasive status differences and inequality. ConclusionFindings will assist nurse educators both in training centers and in the community of practice to understand how education can be used to end pervasive status differences and foster mutual respect and equity between different designations in nursing.

Taking into Account the Individual Characteristics of Those Entering Primary School

School readiness is one of the key components that ensure the success of education. The factors determining a child’s readiness for school include parameters reflecting indicators of physical, psychosocial and psychophysiological development. Morpho-functional immaturity of brain systems that provide the possibility of mental and motor activity, perception and processing of information causes various difficulties in learning. There are various methodological approaches that determine the level of readiness of children for systematic schooling. In the work, Kern-Irasek tests for visual activity (drawing on a given topic), logical and categorical thinking were used to assess readiness for school, an analysis of general awareness and the degree of psychosocial maturity was carried out. The work was carried out on students of the 1st grade of a small rural school and a kindergarten preparatory group. Among the 1st grade students at the end of the 2nd quarter, only girls were prepared for school according to all the analyzed indicators. There were no “immature” children among them, whereas for boys the figure was more than 60%. Overall, the number of “immature children” in the whole class was 33.3%. It is significant that the children belonging to the “immature” group were, as a rule, from large families, where they were not given due attention. Among the children of the kindergarten preparatory group, a larger percentage of those belonging to the category of “mature” and “middle-aged” (90%) were identified. At the same time, the test results again revealed the best results among girls. The data obtained should be considered as evidence of earlier psychofunctional development of girls in relation to boys, which is manifested in their more conscious attitude to learning, better abilities to implement conditional reflex activity, cognitive learning, performance indicators in the first years of training. The high percentage of “immature” children among 1st grade students emphasizes the need for mandatory testing of preschool children and the creation of optimal conditions for their physiological and psychosocial development. Keywords: school maturity, preschool children, psychophysiological factors, school readiness. For citation: Gappoeva V.S., Habaeva Z.G. Taking into Account the Individual Characteristics of Those Entering Primary School // Bulletin of the North Ossetian State University named after K.L. Khetagurov. 2021; 4. DOI: 10.29025/1994-7720-2021-4-103-111 (In Russ.).

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed by general surgery residents. Is it safe? How much does it cost?

to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed by residents of the first and second-year of a general surgery residency program. We studied the primary total cost of treatment and complication rates as primary outcomes, comparing the groups operated by senior and resident surgeons. this was a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed in a training hospital of large surgical volume in Brazil, in the period between June 1, 2018 and May 31, 2019. The study population comprised patients who underwent elective cholecystectomy due to uncomplicated chronic calculous cholecystitis or to the presence of gallbladder polyps with surgical indication. We divided the cases into three groups, based on the graduation of the main surgeon at the time of the procedure: first-year residents (R1), second-year residents (R2), and trained general surgeons (GS). during the study period, 1,052 laparoscopic cholecystectomies were performed, of which 1,035 procedures met the inclusion criteria, with 78 (7.5%) patients operated on with the participation of first-year residents (R1), 500 (48.3%) patients with the participation of second-year residents (R2), and 457 (44.2%) with the participation of senior surgeons only. There was no difference in conversion rates, complications, and reporting of adverse events between groups. We observed a significant difference regarding hospitalization costs (p = 0.003), with a higher mean for the patients operated with the participation of R1, of US$ 2,671.13, versus US$ 2,414.60 and US$ 2,396.24 for the procedures performed by senior surgeons and R2, respectively. laparoscopic cholecystectomy with the participation of residents is safe, even in their first years of training. There is an additional cost of about 10% in the treatment of patient operated with the participation of first-year residents. There was no significant difference in the cost of the group operated by second-year residents.

Surgical cricothyroidostomy. Analysis and comparison between teaching and validation models of simulator models.

to compare the acquisition and retention of knowledge about surgical cricothyroidostomy by the rapid four-step technique (RFST), when taught by expository lecture, low fidelity and high-fidelity simulation models. ninety medical students at UFPR in the first years of training were randomized assigned into 3 groups, submitted to different teaching methods: 1) expository lectures, 2) low-fidelity simulator model, developed by the research team or 3) high-fidelity simulator model (commercial). The procedure chosen was surgical cricothyroidostomy using the RFST. Soon after lectures, the groups were submitted to a multiple-choice test with 20 questions (P1). Four months later, they underwent another test (P2) with similar content. Analysis of Variance was used to compare the grades of each group in P1 with their grades in P2, and the grades of the 3 groups 2 by 2 in P1 and P2. A multiple comparisons test (post-hoc) was used to check differences within each factor (test and group). Statistical significance was considered when p<0.05. Statistical analysis was performed in the statistical software R version 3.6.1. each group was composed of 30 medical students, without demographic differences between them. The mean scores of the groups of the expositive lecture, of the simulator of low fidelity model and of high-fidelity simulator model in P1 were, respectively, 75.00, 76.09, and 68.79, (p<0.05). In P2 the grades were 69.84, 75.32, 69.46, respectively, (p>0.05). the simulation of low fidelity model was more effective in learning and knowledge retention, being feasible for RFST cricothyroidostomy training in inexperienced students.

ADAPTIVITY OF PHYSICALFITNESS NORMS FOR FOREIGN SERVICE PERSON SIN RUSSIAN MILITARY INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION

The article addresses the problems of physical fitness assessmentand physical fitnessnormsin respect to foreign servicepersons who study in Russian military educational institutions. The general level of physical fitness inforeign enrollees is rather low, arguably due to the internal policies of other countries regarding physical culture and youth education and the personal attitude of servicepersons. As a result, suchprimary tasks of the educational process as physical training and improvement of moving motor abilities that would be typical for the university level, have to be replaced with general physicaldevelopment and learning of the secondary school level. Consequently, the inability to meetthe physical training standards becomes a challenge for many foreign military studentsduring thefoundation course and the first years of training. It takes more time for them to train themselves to meet the university level requirements to physical fitness and master the discipline of physical training. The relevance of the study roots the contradiction between the need for mastering a large amount of knowledge and skills, the low level of general and special training of foreign enrollees, and the demanding physical fitnessnorms for military personnel. The purpose of the study was to develop reference physical fitnessnorms that could be further readjusted, for foreign military enrollees. The study relied on such scientific and pedagogical methods as theoretical analysis of scientific literary sources, pedagogical observation, control physical fitness tests, mathematical and statistical data processing. The outcome of the study was the proposedreference norms for the exercises included in the control physical fitness battery for foreign enrollees. This approach to setting physical fitness norms can be applied both to one person and to a group of military students who fall behind in physical training, including servicepersons and students of civilian educational institutions. The proposednorms and the method of determining the physical training norms help foreign enrolleesto achieve the required minimum and get a positive grade in the first years of training, and to adapt to the specifics and content of the discipline.

BIBLIOMETRIC STUDY OF ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN ECUADORIAN JOURNALS INDEXED IN LATINDEX ON SAFETY AND HEALTH AT WORK

This study is a bibliographic review whose purpose is to highlight the scant work and research in the different disciplines of occupational safety and health at the local level. OBJECTIVE. Contribute to the scientific activity in occupational safety and health and knowledge about the evolution and trends, as well as the topics of greatest interest published in the Ecuadorian journals indexed in the Latindex Catalog. MATERIAL AND METHODS. We identified and selected those current and on-line journals, a total of 41 original scientific articles have been recovered from 18 indexed Ecuadorian journals. We excluded those theoretical articles, reflection, opinion, debate, editorial and letter to the editor. RESULTS. There is a growing trend (R² = 0.522), especially in 2017, of which the disciplines of greatest interest are Psychosociology, Occupational Safety and Occupational Medicine, with the least interesting research being Ergonomics and Industrial Hygiene. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The scientific production in health and safety at work in Ecuador is scarce. A research culture should be fostered from the first years of training with solid foundations that allow the production of scientific material relevant to health and safety at work that is published in Ecuadorian journals and thus reliable data that allows us to make public policies.

Pedagogical model of Realistic Education, Simulation, Training and Improvement in Clinical Anatomy

IntroductionHuman anatomy applied to the clinic is an essential and sequential discipline whose fundamental objective develops the recognition capacity bi and tridimensional structures. Classically divided into descriptive and topographical features, many times however, the clinical or surgical appeal of the anatomical repair approach is not contemplated. There are numerous educational proposals in preclinical and clinical level, especially in the face of the challenge of teaching the anatomy that supports the modern and technological way of exercising medicine. The use of simulators, synthetic models, virtual reality, imagological techniques and use of videos has been a great support to students, residents and health professionals. Considering the graduate professional, there is not always the opportunity to revisit, refine and improve the anatomical knowledge acquired in the first years of training. The authors present a pedagogical model of teaching, realistic, through simulation, providing an improvement in clinical anatomy.ObjectiveTo verify the results of the cognitive use of experts, faced with a realistic model of medical act simulation, based on the progression of knowledge in clinical anatomy.MethodThe topics covered included conditions of high prevalence and high complexity such as: inguinal hernias, complex abdominal wall hernias, peripheral anesthetic blocks, breast surgery, biliary tract and pancreas surgery, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthroscopy. The students were submitted to pre and post‐tests. Short ten‐minute lessons for the homogenization of anatomical knowledge of regions and organs of specific interest in the clinical‐surgical area surgery (Figure 1), followed by visits monitored by instructor teachers in workstations with anatomical specimens previously dissected (Figure 2, 3) arranged in a didactic increasing exposure of the anatomical landmark, commented by clinical specialists, visits to sectional anatomy stations (Figure 4) and ending with the video‐assisted anatomy session (figure 5, 6, 7).ResultsCourses about Anatomy of the 1. abdominal wall (48 students), 2. peripheral nervous system (90 students), 3. axilla and breast (8 students), 4. biliary tract and pancreas (24 students) temporomandibular joint (TMJ) (11 students) were performed, totaling 181 students. The acquisition of knowledge was measured by the difference of post‐test and pre‐test scores, with a 28% increase in the number of correct answers. We observed that the mean of the grades, from 0 to 10, in the pre‐test of specialized individuals was 6.8 and, in the post‐test of 8.1ConclusionThe study demonstrated a clear need for a model for the improvement and revision of anatomy‐clinical‐surgical contents for the medical professional. It was feasible, reproducible, meeting the needs of homogenization and acquisition of knowledge of anatomical landmarks to experts.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

The Boxing Ring: Embodying Knowledge through Being Hit in the Face

The Boxing Ring: Embodying Knowledge through Being Hit in the Face

Tutoring Social Sciences learning

&lt;p class="Capalera1"&gt;This paper seeks to vindicate the role of mentoring in teaching, having proven to be a tremendous tool for effective communication and personal relationship with individual students. Exhibited an innovative educational experience conducted with students of degree in Early Childhood Education from the Universitat Jaume I, trying to promote the continuous character of the orientation process from the first years of training to adult life and employment, including the importance of enhancing the relation between the different educational levels.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="Capalera1"&gt;We also wanted to expose that much more than the task of transmitting information and knowledge, mentoring is essential in all educational models that are based on self-learning new trends, including the Bologna process. Therefore, we believe that mentoring is the crux of a new learning model based on personal and professional autonomy. This approach to work is based on a philosophy of autonomous learning that aims to meet the need for cognitive maturation of university students and improve their educational guidance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="Capalera1"&gt;With this experience teaching innovation we have sought to improve our academic methodology, giving a strong weight to the tutoring, both onsite and virtual. We also have tried to encourage teamwork in groups and independent learning. Thanks to these improvements, we have continuously evaluated the students, while students self evaluate their learning process. In summary, the proposal of educational innovation that we have carried out has shown the need to promote a system of mentoring to advise, guide and support students in their learning process.&lt;/p&gt;

КРИТЕРІ ОПТИМІЗАЦІ ПРИ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІ ЗНАНЬ У ДИСЦИПЛІНАХ МОРФОЛОГІЧНОГО НАПРЯМКУ

The manage decision making are discussed by the example of training programs optimizing. The optimization criteria to select the effective ways to teach subjects in the first years of training in medical universities. The transformation of medical knowledge are recommend to base on the “spiral of knowledge”.

Is The Organizational Culture Favorable To Training In Residency For Medical Students?

AbstractThe long-lasting training in medicine (more than 10 years) is still an attraction for many excellent students. Most of the evaluation forms during this training are based on theoretical and practical skills. However, could we be sure that the organizational climate provides the most appropriate environment for study and career development? We did a survey on 22 young doctors, residents in public health and management and/or epidemiology aiming at evaluating the personal management style and the management style within the organization (Adizes questionnaires: “Personal Test” and “Task Demands”). The management styles described by Adizes - Producer – Administrator – Entrepreneur – Integrator - and their expression as primary or secondary style were analyzed. We found that the young residents generally have a powerful expression of producer and entrepreneur as personal style, but they tend to become administrators within the organization, mostly during their first years of training.

Sintomatología depresiva y problemas relacionados al consumo de alcohol durante la formación académica de estudiantes de medicina

In order to evaluate the frequency of depressive symptomatology (DS) and alcohol-related problems (ARP) during the academic training of medical students from Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, a cross-sectional study was conducted among students from first to sixth year of career. The Zung Self-Rating depression scale was used to evaluate DS and the CAGE questionnaire to evaluate ARP. 23.3% of participants had DS, and 7.3% had ARP. We found that the frequency of DS and ARP was higher among students in the first years of career. We recommend it is necessary to take action in the prevention and detection of these disorders from the first years of training of medical students.

Diplomatic Training and the Challenges Facing the EEAS

Summary Following a difficult birth, the European External Action Service (EEAS) is now a much scrutinized reality. Much of the analysis has concentrated on its quasi-institutional nature, its relations with the principal external action actors in the European Union and beyond, as well as the question of its legal capacity. Relatively little attention, however, has been paid to the important training dimensions, which are critical to the smooth development of the Service, especially considering the disparate backgrounds of EEAS constituents. This article argues that there is no ‘one-size-fits-all’ solution to the training dilemma. Differentiation rather than standardization, within the constraints of a programme (rather than a full-blown European Diplomatic Academy), will be the salient features of the first years of training in the EEAS. It is also argued that training can be a key strategic tool for the Service’s development and, more generally, the external relations of the EU itself.

Jo Campling Memorial Prize Essay (Undergraduate)

This question was created as a result of a mental health nursing student's experience whilst attending practical placements during his first years of training. Settings in which this question becam...

Characteristic of inflammatory airway disease in Japanese thoroughbred racehorses.

Inflammatory airway disease (IAD) is a common cause of poor performance, interruption of training and premature retirement in racehorses. It is also reported that up to 80% of horses are affected at some point in the first years of training in UK and Australia. However, no studies with regard to the information on occurrence of IAD in Japanese Thoroughbred racehorses have been reported. To investigate the occurrence and the characteristics of IAD, epidemic research including endoscopic examination of the airway tract and trachea wash was conducted for Thoroughbred racehorses presenting coughs or poor performance which airway tract disease was suspected stalled in training facility managed by Japan Racing Association. Fifty-six out of 76 Thoroughbred racehorses (73.7%) presenting coughing or poor performance were diagnosed as IAD. Mean incidence rate of IAD was 0.3% and it has been confirmed that constant number of IAD exists in Japan. Up to 35.7% of IAD horses showed upper airway abnormalities in some extent. There was a trend for IAD horses to use wood shavings for bedding and fed hay from the ground compared with the control group. Therefore, improvement of stabling environment may aid in preventing IAD. This study demonstrated that Japanese Thoroughbred racehorses are affected by IAD likewise other countries as well as demonstrated the characteristics of IAD which may contribute to the clarification of the pathogenesis of IAD.

SOCIALIZATION, PERSONALITY, AND THE STRUCTURE OF PUEBLO SOCIETY (WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO HOPI AND ZUNI)

ANTHROPOLOGISTS interested in personality and culture owe a considerable debt to the concepts of psychoanalysis for insights into problems of maturation. These concepts, developed by Freud and his followers on the basis of their experipnce with neurotics, are continually being tested in more normal situations in our society, and increasingly in primitive groups whose background differs widely from our own.' Some years ago Malinowski, who worked extensively with the Trobriand Islanders, questioned the validity of the oedipus complex for societies where the mother's brother was recognized as the primary authority over his sister's son.2 More recently, Dorothy Eggan has pointed out that, despite optimal conditioning in infancy, the Hopi Indians of Arizona exhibit an extreme degree of anxiety in adult life.3 The present inquiry has much in common with both of these investigations. While not directly concerned with the problem of anxiety or with the oedipus complex as such, I should like to examine further into the relation between permissiveness in infancy and adult personality structure in a society where the weight of discipline after the first years of life rests, not with a parent or other near relative, but with the supernaturals, their temporary impersonators, or their more permanent surrogates, the priesthood. Considerable attention has been paid in anthropological and psychological literature to birth, puberty, marriage and death-all crisis points in the life cycle of the individual which i many societies are marked by special rites and ceremonies. In the present investigation, however, the line is drawn between the years of infancy and those that follow, because, more and more, despite a lack of ceremonial recognition, extraordinary importance has been attached to the first years of training by analysts, educators, and pediatricians. A member of the last group, Dr. C. Anderson Aldrich, writing in a current issue of the Journal of the American Association of University Women, deplores the aftermath of exacting training schedules on mothers and children, and recommends that early habit-training be given at appropriate stages of growth in order to allay confusion, resistance and emotional storms. Instead of making children eat from a spoon before their tongue and lip muscles have developed properly or submit to premature attempts to train bowel and bladder control, he advises closer contact with their mothers during the first few