First-hand Source Research Articles

Wasted Food, Wasted Resources? A Critical Review of Environmental Impact Analysis of Food Loss and Waste Generation and Treatment.

Food loss and waste (FLW) comes with significant environmental impacts and thus prevents a sustainable food system transition. Here we conducted a systematic review of 174 screened studies that assessed the environmental impacts of FLW generation and treatment. We found that the embodied impacts of FLW along the supply chain and impacts from FLW treatment received equal attention, but few studies have included both. The reviewed studies show narrow geographical (mostly conducted in industrialized countries) and food supply chain (mostly focused on the consumption stage) coverage. Life cycle analysis (LCA), material flow analysis (MFA), or their combination are the most commonly used to quantify FLW related environmental impacts. More method standardization, integration, and innovation and better FLW data with regional and stage resolution from a first-hand source are badly needed. Among the various proposed mitigation strategies covering technology, economy, behavior, and policy aspects, process optimization and waste management options are the most discussed. Our review calls for a more holistic environmental impact assessment of FLW generation and treatment and analysis of the trade-offs among different environmental impact categories and between supply chain stages, which would better inform relevant policy on effective environmental impact mitigation strategies toward sustainable food systems.

The evidential meaning of presupposition and implicature between retractability and deniability of information

Abstract The relation evidentiality bears on the coding of some information as presupposition or as implicature is still an underexplored research field. In this paper, such an interplay is addressed by looking into how presupposed and implied contents (differently) respond to contexts of challenge and deniability. As taken for granted information (Stalnaker, Robert. 1973. Presuppositions. Journal of Philosophical Logic 2(4). 447–457), presupposition is more resistant to both challenging and retracting conversational moves, since it conveys content the speaker does not commit to. By contrast, implicature – characterized as intentional meaning (Grice, Herbert P. 1975. Logic and conversation. In Peter Cole & Jerry Morgan (eds.), Syntax and semantics 3: Speech acts, 41–58. New York: Academic Press) – allows both challenging and retracting conversational moves, because it is information the speaker commits to the most, similarly to what happens with plain declarative sentences. Building on this account, it is suggested that the higher challenging and deniability status cued by implicature is related to its function of encoding a direct type of evidentiality (Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. 2004. Evidentiality. Oxford: Oxford University Press), namely a condition in which the speaker presents herself as the first-hand source of some information. Conversely, the weaker challengeability and deniability associated to presupposition hinges on its property of encoding a mutual type of evidentiality (Hintz, Daniel J. & Hintz Diane M. 2017. The evidential category of mutual knowledge in Quechua. Lingua 186. 88–109), that is, a state in which information is construed and conveyed as already shared by all participants at the moment of utterance.

‘Most of our termes now vsed in warres are deriued from straungers’: Robert Barret’s Glossary of Military Terms inThe Theorike and Practike of Moderne Warres (1598)

Abstract The first English dictionary of military terms was published anonymously in 1702 under the title AMilitary Dictionary. However, one glossary of this nature had already been attached to Robert Barret’s (Anon. 1702)The Theorike and Practike of Moderne Warres in 1598: ‘A Table, shewing the signification of sundry forraine words, vsed in these discourses’. Barret had fought in many battles in Europe, where English soldiers came into contact with comrades-in-arms from other countries. Hence, Barret’s glossary constitutes a first-hand source of information on the loanwords used in English to refer to technological and strategic novelties on the field of military science at the time. This article (i) provides a first analysis of Barret’s glossary; (ii) confirms that Barret’s professional expertise as a soldier contributed to more complete and informative definitions than the ones in contemporary general dictionaries; (iii) compares the source languages Barret assigned to the entries in his glossary with the source languages specified in contemporary lexicographical works and in the Oxford English Dictionary; and (iv) confirms the relevance of Barret’s glossary as a testimony to the military jargon incorporated into English from different languages during the sixteenth century. Finally, a close comparison of the definitions of the same entries in Barret’s glossary and Florio’s A Worlde of Wordes (1598) has revealed Florio’s indebtedness to Barret’s military glossary.

The good, the bad, and the ugly: Operative staff perspectives of surgeon coping with intraoperative errors

BackgroundIntraoperative errors are inevitable, and how surgeons respond impacts patient outcomes. Although previous research has queried surgeons on their responses to errors, no research to our knowledge has considered how surgeons respond to operative errors from a contemporary first-hand source: the operating room staff. This study evaluated how surgeons react to intraoperative errors and the effectiveness of employed strategies as witnessed by operating room staff. MethodsA survey was distributed to operating room staff at 4 academic hospitals. Items included multiple-choice and open-ended questions assessing surgeon behaviors observed after intraoperative error. Participants reported the perceived effectiveness of the surgeon’s actions. ResultsOf 294 respondents, 234 (79.6%) reported being in the operating room when an error or adverse event occurred. Strategies positively associated with effective surgeon coping included the surgeon telling the team about the event and announcing a plan. Themes emerged regarding the importance of the surgeon remaining calm, communicating, and not blaming others for the error. Evidence of poor coping also emerged: “Yelling, feet stomping and throwing objects onto the field. [The surgeon] cannot articulate needs well because of anger.” ConclusionThese data from operating room staff corroborates previous research presenting a framework for effective coping while shedding light on new, often poor, behaviors that have not emerged in prior research. Surgical trainees will benefit from the now-enhanced empirical foundation on which coping curricula and interventions can be built.

The Importance of Cerebrospinal Fluid Investigation in First-episode Psychosis.

Despite being a reliable first-hand source of data on neuronal pathology, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis remains an often-overlooked evaluation method in first-episode psychosis (FEP). In this paper, we begin by discussing the current role of CSF testing during FEP evaluation in clinical practice. Given that anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis presents with a clinical picture indistinguishable from FEP in >85% of cases, we debate the importance of testing for CSF neuronal antibodies in at least a subset of patients. Then, we continue by reviewing the most important recent studies which sought to identify potential CSF biomarkers in FEP caused by a primary psychiatric disorder. By circumventing traditional psychiatric classifications, characteristic biomarker profiles have the potential to become integral components of early diagnosis, disease stratification, treatment choice, and outcome prediction. Along these lines, we aim to provide an updated perspective on the importance of CSF investigation in FEP.

Google Maps Data Analysis of Clothing Brands in South Punjab, Pakistan

The Internet is a popular and first-hand source of data about products and services. Before buying a product, people try to gain quick insight by scanning through online reviews about a targeted product. However, searching for a product, collecting all the relevant information, and reaching a decision is a tedious task that needs to be automated. Such composed decision-assisting text data analysis systems are not conveniently available worldwide. Such systems are a dream for major cities of South Punjab, such as Bahawalpur, Multan, and Rahimyar khan. This scenario creates a gap that needs to be filled. In this work, the popularity of clothing brands in three cities of south Punjab has been assessed by analysing the brand's popularity using sentiment analysis by prioritizing brands based on organic feedback from their potential customers. This study uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative research to examine online reviews from Google Maps. The task is accomplished by applying machine learning techniques, Logistic Regression (LR), and Support Vector Machine (SVM), on Google Maps reviews data using the n-gram feature extraction approach. The SVM algorithm proved to be better than others with the uni-bi-trigram features extraction method, achieving an average of 80.93% accuracy.

Les voyageurs comme ressources de l’économie sociale du savoir au xviiie siècle. Les enseignements du registre des visiteurs du cabinet de Jean Hermann

The sedentary nature of the Strasbourg naturalist Jean Hermann (1738-1800) made him a cabinet scientist. Although he travelled little, the university professor attracted more than 5,000 people to his natural history cabinet, many of them travellers from all over Europe. The visitors’ register (1762-1800), which is associated with a register of auditors of private lessons in natural history, shows the cabinet as a centre of attraction for the naturalist province in the 18th century. This document is a first-hand source for observing European mobility, particularly the practices associated with the Grand Tour and scholarly travel. It shows that the provincial cabinets were at the heart of the link between travel and natural history, as they were places of scholarly and curious sociability for visitors passing through. In addition to representing an important part of Jean Hermann’s social capital, travellers also provided him with the means to mobilise the resources necessary for the practice of natural history from a distance.

Five Cs as reflective learning attitude among Philippines nursing students

Introduction: Philosophical viewpoints from the first-hand source regarded as the best inception of COVID-19 knowledge are not widely explored. Humanity’s understanding grounded on experiences becomes substantial only when stringent documentation of any events is performed carefully. COVID-19 as a phenomenon and as an ongoing struggle has myriad global impacts; hence the study aims to explore the understanding of nursing students’ stances regarding the COVID-19 pandemic in their daily life. Methods: The study used a qualitative study design with online survey. A total of 41 nursing students were recruited through total sampling technique. The study was conducted to students in a university in the Philippines. Interview guidelines used open questions and were spread online. The data were subjected to thematic analysis. Results: The thematic analysis revealed five organizing themes, such as communication, commitment, care, collaboration, and change. Those themes were found among nursing students’ stance regarding the COVID-19 phenomenon. Conclusions: The communication, commitment, care, collaboration, and change as development of a crisis-induced framework from study findings satisfies the essential finding that the pandemic is likewise giving rise to a new normal. Moreover, the results assist nursing students and other health-inspired domains to effectively maintain positivity amidst catastrophic climates.

Work Life Balance, Peningkatan Karir dan Tekanan Kerja terhadap Produktivitas: Kasus pada Lembaga Sertifikasi Profesi P3 Pembangun Penyuluh Integritas Bangsa

Abstract Purpose: This study examined variables aimed at examining work-life balance, Career Improvement and work pressure towards productivity. Research methodology: This study was conducted on employees of LSP P3 PIB, examining of what is the correlation between the correlations of the three exogenous variable factors towards productivity as an endogenous variable. Sampling in this research was calculated using the Slovin formula using the Simple Random Sampling. The Respondents are 105 people, rounded up to 100 people. The respondents were employees of LSP P3 PIB. The methodological technique used for data collection is by distributing questionnaires from the firsthand source or Primary Data. The statistical test tool used is SmartPLS 3. Results: The conclusion of this study demographically, the majority of the respondent are women. The outcome of this research is that work-life balance (0.351) positively and significantly affects productivity, while Career (0.309) has a significantly positive effect, and stress (0.294) has a significant positive effect on productivity. Limitations: The limitation is that it is only conducted on variables that are studied and excluding other external variables with a limited number of respondents in less than one year. Contribution: The organization be more aware of the employees’ working engagement by supporting the employees to adjust their work schedule that is Work-Life Balance for their productivity.

THE IMPORTANCE OF KIPCHAK TURKISH TEXTS WITH ARMENIAN LETTERS IN TURKISH HISTORY

The Kipchaks named by Russians as “Polovets, Polovtsi Palawtz”, Byzantines and Latins “Cumanos, Kumanon, Cumanus, Komani, Cuman”, Germans “Falben, Falbe, Falones”, French “Coman, Poles, Planner”, Czechs “Plawci” other Western nations and Armenians “Khiptchakhs, Khartes, Hartes”, Georgians “Kivjak”, Hungarians “Kun, Paloch”, Chinese “K'inch'a, Kinchak”, Mongols “Kibcag”, Muslim nations “Kipchak, Kipchak, Kipchaks” have an important place among the Turkish people who came from Central Asia to the north of the Black Sea, the Balkans and Central Europe. Although they occupied a wide area in today's Ukraine, Moldova, part of Russia, Belarus and Poland, they could not emerge as a political union and could not establish a Kipchak state in the “Deşt-i Kıpçak”, also known as “Kipchak Steppe” since the beginning of the 12th century. The Kipchaks, intertwined with different nations and cultures in such a wide geography, left many written texts using the alphabets of different nations due to their inability to establish a political unity. Arabic letters were used in texts related to literature, religion, military and veterinary medicine in the Mamluk field in the 14th and 15th centuries, while Armenian letters were used in texts written on many different subjects such as history, law, religion, literature, language and chemistry in the north of the Black Sea in the 16th and 17th centuries. In this study, information was given about the texts written in Kipchak Turkish with Armenian letters in the north of the Black Sea between 1521-1699. The scanning model was used as a method and the treasure, consisting of approximately 30,000 pages, which is preserved in different libraries around the world, has been tried to be presented. Especially chronicles, historical documents and records were evaluated in terms of Turkish history. It is stated that the texts provide first-hand data opportunity for those working in fields such as General Turkish History and Ottoman History. As the texts are reliable and original, they may strengthen Turkish historical studies. The texts are both well organized and accessible, so these features may provide great convenience in historical studies. In addition, it was underlined that the fact that the chronicles, which are a first-hand source for social sciences and humanities, have different manuscripts, can make an important contribution to questioning and analyzing information. In the conclusion part, it was discussed why the texts which about history, law, religion, literature, language, chemistry; written in Kipchak Turkish by using Armenian letters have an important place in Turkish history.

Memoriale delle cose occorse a me Franco Sivori dopo della mia partenza da Genova l’anno 1581 per andare in Vallachia

This image of Bucharest as it appeared in September 1583 opens a long description of Wallachia contained in the Memoir by the Genoese Franco Sivori, secretary of Petru Cercel, prince of Wallachia, from 1581 to 1589. Conserved among the manuscripts of the Vatican Apostolic Library and written in ancient Italian, it has been recently edited by Alexandra Vrânceanu Pagliardini, recipient of a research fellowship from the Romanian Academy in Rome, Italy. The text, already edited in part by the Romanian historian Ştefan Pascu in 1944,2 is now re-proposed in an unabridged edition.As Vrânceanu Pagliardini points out in the introduction, the Memoir by Sivori is “a complex work, having points in common with both travel accounts of merchants and diplomatic reports of ambassadors.” It also shows “surprising similarities with a Bildungsroman.” Sivori selects the events to describe in order to contemplate “the relationship between ‘fortune’ and ‘prudence,’ which is pivotal in sixteenth-century Italian treatises, especially in The Prince by Machiavelli and the Ricordi by Guicciardini.”3From a strictly historical point of view, the Memoir is a first-hand source for the study of the Balkans and the Romanian lands in the years prior to the anti-Ottoman campaigns led by the Wallachian prince Michael the Brave (1593–1601).4 Noteworthy are the descriptions of Constantinople and the nearby Genoese colony at Pera, where Sivori stayed before reaching Bucharest. “Compared to those of Constantinople, the houses [of Pera] are very comfortable and [the city] has fountains with good waters [. . . ], gardens, and beautiful, well-kept vineyards. In addition to the Greek and Turkish languages, the inhabitants of Pera mainly speak an Italian tending towards the Genoese dialect, and so, in walking, talking and living, they imitate the Genoese very much,” writes the secretary.5The description of Wallachia is even richer, with details on the fertility of the soil; the production of excellent wines; the abundance of game; the presence of gold, iron, and salt mines; and the trading in hides and other commodities. In this regard, Sivori observes: “Wallachians are not involved in trading; this is conducted by Ragusans, Greeks, Jews, and a few Turks [. . . ]. Hides and wax are sent on muleback to Ragusa and [from there by sea to] Ancona, or shipped on the Danube to the ports of Varna and Constanţa on the Black Sea, and then loaded onto ships that sail first to Constantinople and then to Ragusa or Ancona.”6The excursus on Wallachia concludes with original thoughts on the language spoken in sixteenth-century Romania: “Their language, as that of Moldavia, a neighboring kingdom, is a mixture of Latin, Italian, Greek, and Slavonic. On the whole, it is a barbarian language. They write in Serbian, or rather Slavonic, characters, and the most important documents are drawn up in Serbian, just as we write them in Latin.”7By virtue of its references to economics and trading, society and settlements, language and culture, Sivori’s Memoir is essential for understanding the Balkans and, in particular, relations between the Romanian Principalities and Italy in the late sixteenth century.

SURNAMELERDE GÜREŞE DAİR BİLGİLER VE BUNLARIN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Surnames is a literary genre describing the birth and circumcision ceremonies of the sultan's children and the wedding ceremonies of the sultan's daughters during the Ottoman period. They show the feature of being a first-hand source for the socio-cultural history of the period with the information they provide about the festivities of the Ottoman Turks. One of the subjects of surnames, where we can find information on many subjects such as dressing features, various wedding and circumcision traditions, spectacle games, is various sports shows such as horse riding, archery, javelin, wrestling. In this study, examinations have been made on twenty-one surname texts written between 1582 and 1858 and that have been determined so far. In addition, miniatures drawn by Nakkaş Osman in Surname-i Hümayun (Surname of İntizami) and by Levnî in surname of Vehbi were examined. In the study, elements related to wrestling, our traditional sport, were determined in the aforementioned surnames and evaluations were made on them. In the study, information and evaluation were given on the following subjects: the wrestling performers and their dressing informations; The characteristics of wrestling, wrestling games, the function of announcer (cazgır) in oil wrestling, the tradition of salawat, sage of wrestlers, forgotten wrestling terms, people who wrestled in Ottoman festivals other than pehlivans, and animals and objects wrestled.

Protein contain in Cyprinus carpio (Ham.) of experimental and control fishes due to administration of ovaprim, ovatide and pituitary gland extract at Fish Seed Production Centre, Paithan, Aurangabad, Maharashtra State, India

Protein contain is a cornerstone mechanism and form part and parcel of nutritive value in particular rely on season, food intake, breeding and spawning capacity. The protein contain in the fish body constitute as a firsthand source of energy for physiological functions incorporating reproduction. Present investigation display that variations in the protein is observed from the mature fishes of Indian major carps such as Cyprinus carpio comprises 20 to 50cm selected for the estimation of protein study considered as experimental and control fishes upon administration of PGE, ovaprim and ovatide synthetic hormonal doses to the male and female sex ratio separately. Protein in the liver of female major carps may be because of vitellogenin, a lipoprotein which is synthesized in the liver and is transported to the ovary (Wallace, 1985). Moreover, gonadal protein enhanced with maturation amongst these fishes. Protein estimation represents the variations throughout the study period amongst the muscle, gonad and liver. After hormonal injections are given then fishes are kept in the breeding pool at the Fish Seed Production Centres (FSPC) located near Paithan barrage. The protein is estimated upon satisfactory administration of hormonal doses Pituitary Gland Extract and by other two synthetic hormonal doses viz. Ovaprim and Ovatide. Study is conducted during 2013 to 2014.

Medical Imaging System and the Health Care Delivery System in Nigeria: An Overview

The concept of using an imaging system to effectively diagnose and treat patients is well embraced in medical health care delivery systems of most advanced countries of the world. This has brought a lot of efficiency, availability and a high degree of leverage to the systems. But implementing such a system in third world countries especially a state such as Nigeria is still a challenge. The prospect of implementation, however, is enormous. This study aims at providing first-hand information about medical imaging to the health care practitioners. It is also intended to give a brief overview of the state of medical imaging in the health care delivery system with a focus on Nigeria. It additionally gives an insight into its challenges and discusses the benefits and prospects of the computer imaging system in the system. A methodological review of the current state of medical imaging system was examined with particular focus on its relationship to the health care delivery system in Nigeria. The use, benefits, method of generating as well as challenges and the huge potential of medical imaging in the advancement of the health care delivery system in Nigeria were examined. The study exposes the latest trend in medical imaging technologies and the relevancies to the Nigeria health care delivery system. Also, it examines the use of imaging technologies to treat various medical conditions of a patient in pre-medical and post-medical therapy. Also, up-to-date information about medical imaging focusing on Nigeria health care delivery system was discussed. It provides the first-hand informative source for medical practitioners as well as the general public when evaluating the need and importance of medical images to the overall health care delivery system in Nigeria. It reveals the uses, process in generating, capturing, storage and reporting of medical imaging as well as exploring the challenges and benefit of an imaging system in advancing health care delivery system in Nigeria. The study exposes the latest trend in medical imaging technologies and the relevancies to the Nigeria health care delivery system.

Mobile Apps for Vaccination: an in-depth scan of Apple App Store

Abstract Introduction In a recent estimation, time spent engaging with smartphones is 3h43m in 2019 in US population, surpassing conventional media such as TV. However, smartphones are not just a distraction from everyday life, but also a powerful tool by which to search for information and interface with institutions and services providers. National Healthcare Systems are not an exception, in particular for tackling vaccine hesitancy and fake news: in this frame, we have focused our research on mobile apps for vaccination. Methods We scanned Apple App Store through an API (Application Programming Interface) made available from Apple Inc. itself searching single words related to vaccination (no Boolean operators available) from both Italian and English-speaking markets, then exporting and merging the results. The univocal 121 apps obtained were then classified according by category, description, target population, informative materials and n° of reviews. Results The majority of apps falls under the “organizer” category (49 apps, 40.5%) with almost half of them (22) with vaccination as main topic (vaccine reminders and recorders), the others as part of a health management tool, mostly designed for parents. Just 32% of these apps give information regarding vaccines or preventable diseases. The second one is medical education apps (26.4%) focused on healthcare workers with guidelines and updates, mainly in English, then games (11.6%), Local Healthcare Service booking services (9.1%) of which only 4 from Italy, and lastly travel management apps (2.5%). Conclusions Organizers and reminders are a recognised tool to increase vaccine adhesion, but a complete plain-language information should be provided together with the service, to answer the most frequently asked questions from parents and dispel their doubts. In the meanwhile, Italian NHS results rarely adequate in providing a fully digital experience, from planning shots to registration of vaccine status. Key messages Mobile vaccination organizers are a helpful tool for parents, but they are undervalued as a first-hand source of knowledge about vaccination programs. Italian NHS should develop a modern mobile interface in order to book vaccination services as a big nudge towards the increase of vaccine adherence.

Organization and methods of the O.G.P.U: Two British Documents from 1933

On March 27th, 1933 a British MI5 officer Oswald Allen Harker received a report on the inter+relation of the Comintern, GPU and Department IV of the Staff of the Red Army. The source of this report was a Jewish communist. Another report received by Harker, on the same day, was the OGPU method of investigation. He informed his superiors that the source of this document was the first-hand source. This article presents these documents because they are relevant to the level of knowledge of MI5 about Russian Espionage and subversive activity at that moment.

Textual research on the unclear source of citations from Hua Tuo correlation works cited by the Compendium of Materia Medica

The Compendium of Materia Medica is a magnum opus, in which a large number of literatures were cited. By searching with keywords, there were 30 citations related with Hua Tuo in this book. However, some citations were not specific, even lack of the source information. The objective of this article is to find out the contents, first-hand source and editions of the primary literatures by doing textual research.As a result, the sources of quotations about the Hua Tuo's Prescription for Madam Pengcheng and Hua Tuo's Emergency Cases Prescriptions were discovered.Meanwhile, it was confirmed that Zhongzang Jing (, Classic of the Central Viscera) with 3 volumes and books of prescriptions during Song and Ming Dynasties were cited by the Compendium of Materia Medica. This solve the long term problem about Hua Tuo's citations, and might benefit further study about the citations of the Compendium of Materia Medica.

Pedagogics of Olonkho Spiritual Concept Sphere in Creation of the Culture

The article analyzes olonkho as fundamental source of wisdom and the teachings of the ancestors about the sensible life and humanism. In olonkho, we can see portrayals of high moral standards of sensible life, and traditional values, which were skillfully depicted using expressive means and stylistic devices of the Yakut language. Traditional values reflect the imaginative world view, a unique Yakut model of the world and life, which is specifically represented by an entire system of spiritual concepts of a philosophical understanding of the world creation and human life. Many scholars highlight the important role that Platon A. Sleptsov – Oyunsky played in maintaining and popularizing olonkho. In the troublesome years of new political and government relations being established, owing to his efforts and outstanding organizational skills, he collected a valuable scope of olonkho stories from the first-hand source – the olonkho storytellers. Being a repository of philosophical and religious worldviews as well as of pedagogical and educational principles, today, these creative writings are in the center of researchers’ attention. The study of pedagogics and the methods of studying olonkho in schools began in the 1970s. Presently, the search for educators and methodologists in Yakutia is based on the studies of the leading Russian researchers – N.A. Rubakin, M.M. Bakhtin, N.S. Berdyaev, D.S. Likhachov, B.S. Gershunsky, G.D. Gachev, T.D. Polozova, etc. All these scholars regard the perception of language arts as a personal and deep mental process. The following three concept sphere blocks were singled out: 1 – I am a small part of the Universe, 2 – I am a child of nature, 3 – I am an Aiyy person and the creator of life. In this system, the spiritual concept sphere can lead the people step-by-step to learning about the vitally important values and to a deep understanding of their personal “I” and their inner spiritual world. We have proved the didactic necessity to educate students about olonkho in accordance with this concept system.

Unusual Readers in Early Modern Istanbul

AbstractNew social groups such as janissaries, artisans, madrasa students, and ‘middle-class’ bureaucrats have gradually increased their visibility in the social, cultural, and literary landscape of early modern Ottoman Istanbul. Scholars have discussed this new visibility, among others, by observing official regulations, contemporary Ottoman chronicles and travel accounts, artistic and architectural transformation, diversification of literary genres, and the socio-economic background of their writers. In this article, I offer another modest and intimate first-hand source for elucidating the habitus of these new urban agents: visual and written notes on the manuscripts of popular storybooks dating from the eighteenth and early nineteenth century. Thanks to these notes on hundreds of manuscripts, we learn about political standings, literary tastes, codes of identity formation, the ways of self-depiction, social networks, and emotions of Ottoman individuals. By focusing in particular on the notes and doodles of Janissaries on popular heroic narratives, I argue that the gesture of taking notes and drawing symbols on a manuscript is a way of taking a stance against the political, religious, and literary authorities.

Los armarios del primer franquismo: el diario del poeta Juan Bernier

The repression against homosexuals during the first years of the Spanish postwar period is one of the unresolved issue of historiography about the period. The publication of the diaries of the Cordovan poet Juan Bernier has allowed us to have a first-hand source for the study of homosociability practices and to know the «closet» strategies put into practice to avoid persecution. This work studies these forms of concealment and the intimate and social repercussions of the «closet» in the Andalusian poet.