Fire Prevention System Research Articles

YOLO-F: YOLO for Flame Detection

Flame detection is of great significance in a fire prevention system. YOLOv4 has poor real-time performance on flame detection caused by the complex structure and high parameter size. To address this problem, a novel flame detection framework, YOLO for flame (YOLO-F), is proposed in this paper. The backbone of YOLOv4 is simplified from the original 53 convolutional layers to 34 convolutional layers to reduce the number of parameters by simplifying the structure of the CSPBlock. Based on the FPN, an effective and light-weight feature pyramid architecture, namely FPNs-SE, is then proposed and the neck part of YOLOv4 is replaced by FPNs-SE to enhance the feature extraction ability of different scales. In addition, the CIoU loss in the YOLOv4 ignores the similarity measure of the area between the predicted bounding box and the ground-truth bounding box. An effective loss named ACIoU is proposed in this paper in order to handle the above issue and further improve the detection accuracy. The proposed methods are tested on FLAME dataset and network crawled dataset, respectively. The mAP, recall, and precision of YOLO-F are higher by 2.01%, 4.0%, 2.0% on average than those of YOLOv4. With input size of [Formula: see text] and on a single GTX 1660, the operating speed of our method can reach 24.53[Formula: see text]fps, which is improved by 38.04% compared with YOLOv4. The experimental results show that our method is more robust to the small flame and flame-like objects and can achieve the best balance of detection speed and accuracy. The code is made available at https://github.com/Windxy/YOLO-F .

FireNet-v2: Improved Lightweight Fire Detection Model for Real-Time IoT Applications

Fire hazards cause huge ecological, social and economical losses in day to day life. Due to the rapid increase in the prevalence of fire accidents, it has become vital to equip the assets with fire prevention systems. There have been numerous researches to build a fire detection model in order to avert such accidents, with recent approaches leveraging the enormous improvements in computer vision deep learning models. However, most deep learning models have to compromise with their performance and accurate detection to maintain a reasonable inference time and parameter count. In this paper, we present a customized lightweight convolution neural network for early detection of fire. By virtue of low parameter count, the proposed model is amenable to embedded applications in real-time fire monitoring equipment, and even upcoming fire monitoring approaches such as unmanned aerial vehicles (drones). The fire detection results show marked improvement over the predecessor low-parameter-count models, while further reducing the number of trainable parameters. The overall accuracy of FireNet-v2, which has only 318, 460 parameters, was found to be 98.43% when tested over Foggia's dataset.

LORA Based Forest Fire Monitoring System

The LoRa-based forest fire monitoring method by using wireless type networks is an IoT system designed to detect and prevent forest fires. The system consists of sensor nodes which are deployed throughout the forest to monitor various environmental conditions such as humidity, temperature, wind speed and direction. These sensor nodes are equipped with LoRa radios that enable them to communicate wirelessly with a central gateway. The Gateway gathers the data from the sensor nodes and transmits it to a server in the cloud for processing and analysis. The system utilizes machine learning algorithms to analyse the collected data and detect any anomalies that may indicate the forest fire. In the event of a fire, the system can alert local authorities and fire departments, providing them with real-time information about the location and severity of the fire. This allows for faster response times and more efficient management of the fire. The LoRa-based forest fire prevention system using wireless networks offers several advantages over traditional forest fire detection systems. Its low-power, long-range capabilities enable it to cover large areas, making it ideal for monitoring vast forested areas. Additionally, its wireless connectivity eliminates the need for physical infrastructure such as cables, which can be expensive and time-consuming to install. Overall, the LoRa-based forest fire prevention system using wireless networks is a promising solution for preventing and managing forest fires. Its innovative use of IoT technology and machine learning algorithms can help to reduce the impact of forest fires and protect both human life and the environment.

Development and improvement of technical means of protecting people from the effects of atmospheric electricity

The article rises the current question about the need to develop a fire safety system of explosive objects (buildings, structures, buildings, industrial communications), as well as organizing assistance to local self-government bodies in the implementation of primary fire safety measures. The emphasis is placed on a fire prevention system, which includes a lightning protection system designed to protect the countryside and other objects of protection against atmospheric electricity discharges. Therefore, for proper design, control and maintenance of health, it is proposed to apply the original computer program. Which allows an express analysis of lightning protection parameters and make appropriate conclusions.

Aspects of implementation of automatic fire containment systems

Introduction. The authors specify the areas of application of automatic fire-prevention systems and the objects that they protect; they also substantiate the main principles of their design and development. Rational hydraulic sprinkler arrangement patterns are designed for automatic water fire-containment systems to be installed in large and small premises, depending on the thermal loading of structures.Goal and objectives. Development of recommendations on the use of automatic fire-containment systems and the objects that they protect.Materials and methods. Fire development patterns were subjected to theoretical and experimental research conducted during variable intensity water supply.Results and their discussion. As a result of this research, general engineering requirements for automatic water fire-containment systems and their testing methods were first developed.Conclusions. The first edition of GOST (All-Russian State Standard) “Automatic water fire-containment systems. General engineering requirements. Testing methods” were addressed to the organizations concerned with this area of knowledge; their opinions and suggestions were contributed to another approved edition of this GOST (All-Russian State Standard).

Recent Fire Safety Design of High-Rise Buildings

As urbanization picks up speed, row upon row of high-rise buildings spring up, and their structure is increasingly complex. In the meantime, fire poses a more and more serious problem to these buildings. This paper summarizes the recent development of high-rise buildings, and analyzes the main features of high-rise building fire from the angles of material design, structural design, etc. The technical development of heat preservation material greatly improves the security of exterior fire prevention system. Starting from the structure of the building itself, architects have carried out systematic and reasonable planning for smoke exhaust design, automatic alarm design, stair design, and so on. The fire safety of high-rise buildings could be improved in an all-round way, drawing on advanced technologies like fighting drones, robots and the Internet of things.

Compartment Fire Behavior at the Stages of Detection, Containment and Suppression Using Water Mist

This paper presents experimental research findings regarding the characteristics of fire safety equipment activation before and after a water-based fire suppression system is triggered. A group of typical indoor combustible materials (wood, linoleum, cardboard, paper) were used to construct Class A model fires in the experiments. The three most frequent fire causes were reproduced: the careless handling of fire (open flame), the unsafe operation of heating equipment and electrical short circuits. To identify the fire behavior, an automated system including fire (heat, smoke, flame) detectors, contact and non-contact temperature measurement instruments, a gas analysis system and video recording equipment was employed. Following the experiments, the most efficient (in terms of detection speed and reliability) combinations of technical equipment that are necessary and sufficient to identify all the combustion stages of substances and materials were determined. The efficient consumption of a fire-extinguishing agent was found to be possible when fire development stages were controlled. Guidelines on creating automated fire prevention systems in buildings were provided. These have the potential to significantly speed up compartment fire suppression.

Fast detection of compartment fires under different heating conditions of materials

The paper presents experimental findings for the characteristics of equipment activation for the detection of pyrolysis and flame combustion under different heating conditions of materials. Class A model fires in the experiments involved a group of typical indoor combustible materials (wood, linoleum, cardboard, paper). Three most common causes of fires were reproduced: careless handling of fire (open flame), unsafe operation of heating equipment and electrical short circuits. To identify the characteristics of pyrolysis and ignition (i.e., stages preceding a fire), an automated system featuring fire (heat, smoke, flame) detectors, contact and non-contact temperature measurement instruments, a gas analysis system (CO, CO2, O2) and video recording equipment was used. Following the experiments, the scope of technical equipment (smoke, heat and flame detectors, gas analytical sensors, video recording systems) for the detection of pyrolysis of combustible materials and flame combustion start was determined. The most efficient combinations of equipment, necessary and sufficient for the identification of pyrolysis of combustible materials, were established for different fire causes. The values of the efficiency coefficients of fire detectors are calculated. It is shown that their values for different types of detectors can vary in a wide range (0.1–0.9). Recommendations were made on upgrading the existing fire prevention systems in buildings and creating new automated ones, allowing faster identification of an incipient fire, considering the specific character of the fire hazard source: open flame, heating equipment, electrical overload.

Assessment of building reliability in the Gedung Kuliah Bersama (GKB) of State Polytechnic Fakfak West Papua

The engineer must pay attention to strength, comfort, frugality, and impact on the environment in the building planning both in multi-storey or non-storey. Those aspects must be carefully planned and taken into a capable management system in it and to comply the comfort aspect in the building, hence disaster risk management such as fire prevention is needed. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the fire prevention and control system based on Minister of Public Works Regulation No.26/PRT/M/2008 and Indonesian National Standart 03-6574-2001, analyze the building reliability, and provide alternative solutions for the fire disaster control system in the college building of Fakfak State Polytechnic. The result of check list observation showed the average suitability was . The calculation result of Value of the Building Safety System Components using the Pd-T-11-2005-c guideline based on <em>Analytical Hierarchy Process</em> (AHP) was 64.23 % < 80%. It was classified into GOOD ENOUGH. From the results, alternative solution that can be proposed for college building at Fakfak State Polytechnic is to establish fire prevention.

Development of Decision Support System for Prevention Measures and Fire Accident Handling on Container Ship

According to data 2018-2021 on the status of the National Transportation Safety Committee, the largest percentage of ship accidents (29%) in Indonesia are caused by fire or exploded. The main purpose of this research is to design a website-based application that can be accessed by phone to support ship crews in preventing and handling fires on board using a decision support system method, where the website-based application itself is an application that can be run using web and browser technology bases of internet or intranet. In the preparation of the research, first, observations were made on the cargo of dangerous goods transported by the container ship (MV. Sinar Penida). A website-based application for fire prevention and handling system is designed after making a mock-up. Application design is done by making mock-ups, designing interfaces, creating databases, and coding the application system. The features have been equipped with an emergency muster list, fire handling based on the class of cause, and a cargo separation feature based on the ship’s bay plan using the Decision Support System (DSS) method or decision support system that can increase the effectiveness in decision making.

PTC서미스터 히터소자를 적용시킨 전기온풍기의 발화 매커니즘 연구

Electric heaters with PTC thermistor heater elements have been widely used for heating at home and businesses, replacing heating devices using fossil fuels. The PTC thermistor heater device maintains a constant temperature by controlling a heating value by increasing or decreasing the current as the resistance value changes to limit the amount of current. In this paper, since a fire occurs due to indiscreet use of the device, careless use of the PTC thermistor heater device-type electric heater and the defect state of the device itself were presented. After that, the heating characteristics and the possibility of firing were analyzed through lots of experiments. As the separation distance from the combustible material approached, the temperature of the combustibles material increased proportionally. However, the temperature of the PTC thermistor heater element itself was kept constant. In addition, even if serious overheating conditions were set, the temperature overheating prevention device of the device itself was operated, which did not lead to abnormal overheating and firing of the heater device itself. It could be verified through empirical experiments that the firing could be caused by arc generation between PTC heater device and adjacent electrode, as an abnormal current occurs under conditions where the resistance of thermistor itself is interfered with by the inflow of external conductive materials. In conclusion, based on the results of the reproduction test, matters to be considered when improving the fire investigation and fire prevention system were presented.

Artificial Intelligence and Multi-Sensor Fusion Based Universal Fire Detection System for Smart Buildings Using IoT Techniques

The present work focuses on the development of a fire prevention system for buildings. The first subsystem identifies electrical fire causes. The system integrates nonvisual and visual fire detection techniques. The nonvisual approach is based on a fuzzy logic model that fuses electric wire current and temperature information. The visual technique is based on an artificial intelligence approach for fire detection. A deep learning model is deployed on an embedded platform, the Raspberry Pi 3B+. The transfer learning approach applies to a MobileNet deep learning model. The second subsystem identifies the general causes of fire and the necessary actions to be taken to prevent it. The developed fire detection system aims at the early detection of fire with fewer false positives.

A Study on the Problems and Improvement by Analyzing the Disastrous Large-scale Forest Fire Response System: Focusing on Simultaneous Forest Fires along the East Coast of Gangwon-do Province

On April 4, 2019, the forest fire that spread simultaneously to five cities and counties, including Inje, Goseong, Sokcho, and Gangneung and Donghae, on the east coast of Gangwon-do, was extinguished at an early stage. It is regarded as the result of the response with full force of Korea Forest Service, National Fire Agency, Militray, and other related organizations. However, it is also true that the limitations of current forest fire response system and the operation of forest fire response personnel, facilities and equipment were revealed in the process of responding Gangwon forest fire. To find solutions to these problems, from March 3 to April 2, 2021, a survey was conducted with firefighters, forest officials and residents in Gangwon-province with experience in forest fire on a total of 29 questions about Law and Policy, Forest Fire Response System and Operation of manpower and equipment. Based on the results of the survey and literature research, an improvement plan for the Forest Fire Disaster Response System was sought. Based on our survey results, we propose the following measures to improve South Korea's forest fire response system in the future. ; the incident command system should be unified, forest authorities' forest fire prevention and management system should be further strengthened, and forest fire response system must be improved to the level of other major countries through better legislations.

Wireless Kitchen Fire Prevention System Using Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Gas Sensor for Smart Home.

This paper presents a wireless kitchen fire prevention system that can detect and notify the fire risk caused by gas stoves. The proposed system consists of two modules. The sensor module detects the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO) near the gas stove and transmits the monitoring results wirelessly. The alarm module, which is placed in other places, receives the data and reminds the user of the stove status. The sensor module uses a cost-efficient electrochemical CO sensor and embeds an in situ algorithm that determines the status of the gas stove based on the measured CO concentration. For the wireless communication between the modules, on-off keying (OOK) is employed, thereby achieving a longer battery lifetime of the alarm module, low cost, and simple implementation. To increase the lifetime further, a wake-up function based on passive infrared (PIR) sensing is employed in the alarm module. Our system can successfully detect the on state of the stove within 40 s and the off state within 200 s. Thanks to the low-power implementation, in situ algorithm, and wake-up function, the alarm module’s expected battery lifetime is extended to about two months.

ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИЯ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ОХРАНОЙ ЛЕСОВ НА БАЗЕ МОНИТОРИНГА ЛЕСНЫХ ПОЖАРОВ

The article analyzes measures to improve the effectiveness of management of forest protection from fires on the basis of information technology. The purpose of this article is to review and analyze the existing system of management of forest protection from fires, identifying the main management problems and forming recommendations to improve the existing system on the basis of digital technology. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that in recent years there has been a large number of forest fires, which brings irreparable damage to the Russian economy, so the question of the effectiveness of today's forest fire prevention system in our country is urgent. Innovative tools to improve the fight against forest fires are digital technologies. As part of the study of measures to improve the effectiveness of forest fire protection management clarified the conceptual apparatus, considered the concept of "digital technology", "forest fire". Based on the analysis of forest fire management, measures based on digital technology, which will improve the fire situation in the territory of forestry in the Russian Federation. Fighting forest fires is a dangerous job, which requires instant decisions based on immediately available information. The main digital tools used for fire protection are drones, laser scanning remote sensing of forests. The use of these tools will make it possible to quickly and smoothly determine the onset of forest fires, their area and determine on this basis the activities of fire departments and forestry organizations sequence of actions to eliminate forest fires. The more accurate real-time data firefighters have, such as fire location and condition, the location of hazards, and the number of forests covered by fire, the greater the probability of saving forests and the animals that live in their territory, ensuring the safety of firefighters and limiting fire damage. Consequently, digital technology, when fighting a forest fire, is the main and most important tool, and its implementation will reduce the risk of fire and damage from it.

Assessment of Fire Prevention Knowledge and Safety Practices of Car Dealership Employees in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand

Numerous fires are often started by unsafe actions, including negligence, ignorance, or failure to consider fairly obvious hazards. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the knowledge and practices of employees in car dealership centers regarding fire prevention. The sample of this study included 118 participants selected by simple random sampling. The data were processed using SPSS IBM version 28 and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Most of the participants were males (58.47%) and maintenance technicians (40.68%), with 1-5 years of work experience (61.02%). The majority of the participants had appropriate knowledge about fire prevention as the most of them answered the knowledge questions correctly. Their educational level, age, and work experience were all important significance of their potential fire prevention expertise. A high level of knowledge was reflected in the safety practices of the participants regarding the fire prevention; thus, knowledge is still considered to play an important role for every employee in fire accidents. There is an important need to provide fire safety training for all workers to increase safety practices in timely intervals. In addition, fire prevention systems must be ready, efficient, and safe to prevent losses and to ensure the safety of the employees' and companies' lives and properties.

A Technology Infrastructure Approach for Developing Industrial Clusters in Hanoi Vietnam

Our study objective is to propose recommendations for technology infrastructure of industrial clusters in Hanoi Vietnam. In industrial clusters there will be businesses specializing in the production of industrial goods and providing services for the production of industrial goods by using qualitative, analysis, synthesis research methods. Study results show that for developing industrial clusters, we would suggest to apply modern technology such as: applying Big Data, automation technology, robotic tech in order to reduce risks for workers in industrial park. Last but not least, we will pay attention to: Technical infrastructure works related to fire prevention and fighting are the traffic system for fire trucks, water source, fire-fighting water supply system outside the house, power source for fire prevention and fighting system, and equipment for firefighting, motorized fire and rescue solutions.

Implementation of Wildfire Risk Evaluation Elements into the Hungarian Forest Fire Prevention System

Nowadays, wildfires are an increasing challenge for the defence sector. The fire risk of a given area depends only in part on human factors and the number of registered fires.A fire occurs when the moisture content of dead biomass drops to a level, where the fire can already spread between the individual pieces of fuel. Daily fire danger forecast examines the constant and changing components of the fire environment. This determines the flammability of the biomass; the rate of fire spread makes firefighting moredifficult. The fire danger forecast identifies the fire hazard periods when fires can occur. Fire Risk Assessment Systems have been developed in many countries around the world.In addition to the daily fire risk, these include parameters describing the vulnerability of the areas affected by the fire. National risk assessments are available in many countries around the world using several methodologies. The Joint Research Centre of the European Commission has developed a community-wide approach to forest fire risk assessment, using scientific results and studying good practices. In this approach, the risk of a forest fire is made up of the effects of daily fire hazards and vulnerabilities. The risk of fire due to weather conditions is associated with ignition and the spread of fire. The authors examine in the paper the basic criteria to assess wildfire risk at the pan-European level. The authors analyse external and internal risk factors in an observation plot and examine how international recommendations can be utilised in Hungary.

Risk assessment for Fire Egress in Institutional Occupancy Buildings

Fire safety in hospitals is a challenge as it caters to the most vulnerable population. In case of fire emergencies special requirements must be met while evacuating such people. Hospital fire incidents in India have claimed many lives over years and has resulted in damage to properties. In the current era with an increasing number of fire incidents, and with an increase in the scale and the complexity of the buildings and structures the, the safe egress of the occupants and evacuation has become very important and can be regarded as the major source of fatality in the fire accidents in the buildings either due to occupants being trapped because of the non- compliance of the building standards prevailing and appropriate for the state or region or due to the negligence of the facility managers and project managers in installation and maintaining the Fire prevention system in both active and passive category specific to the components of the egress. This situation is further aggravated in the hospital buildings due to the existence of vulnerable patients, the presence of potentially dangerous substances and the need for constant assistance for the evacuees. The aim of the paper is to assess the potential fire risk, judge their probabilities, and arrive at the Fire risk factor of fire egress in Institutional occupancy buildings (Healthcare sector).

BUILDING PROTECTION DESIGN IN FIRE HAZARD PREVENTION (CASE STUDY: FAJAR UNIVERSITY BUILDING (UNIFA) MAKASSAR)

<p>The growth and arrangement of existing buildings are sometimes not balanced with the readiness of building and urban infrastructure. The main danger of fire for humans is poisoning due to inhalation of smoke, about 75% of human deaths in burning buildings are caused by smoke, about 25% of deaths are caused by heat generated by fire. To carry out the functions and uses, the building consists of several systems, the system consists of sub-systems that form integrally in a single unit. Fire prevention is one of the building systems, which aims to save lives. Fire prevention is one aspect of building safety. To find out and assess the level of reliability of a building against fire hazards, a problem formulation is formulated, namely How to design a fire prevention analysis that can be applied to buildings. The conclusion that can be drawn regarding the design of a fire prevention inspection system and its application is, the design of a building reliability inspection system in fire prevention is one of the tools in assessing and inspecting buildings for fire prevention measures in buildings. Inspection of building reliability in fire prevention is carried out at the smallest level or on building components, can provide a more detailed assessment/inspection of the fire prevention system, Assessment of Rescue Means Components, Assessment of Active Protection Components, Passive Protection Assessment Means.</p>