Analysis Of Statements Research Articles

Analysis of Financial Statements to Assess the Profitability of PT Ace Hardware Indonesia Tbk for the Period 2019-2023

In an ever-evolving business landscape, the ability to assess a company's financial health is becoming increasingly crucial. The company's ability to generate profits is one of the main indicators of operational success and attractiveness for investors. PT Ace Hardware Indonesia Tbk, as one of the main players in the home and lifestyle retail industry in Indonesia, is interesting to study more deeply regarding its financial performance, especially from the aspect of profitability. Financial statement analysis is a key instrument in assessing the financial health and growth prospects of this company. This study comprehensively examines the financial statements of PT Ace Hardware Indonesia Tbk over a five-year period, from 2019 to 2023. The analysis method used is financial ratio analysis with a focus on profitability ratios such as Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Net Profit Margin (NPM). The data used is sourced from the company's audited annual financial statements. The results of the study show that the profitability of PT Ace Hardware Indonesia Tbk fluctuated during the period. There was a significant decline in 2020 due to the pandemic. This study concludes that PT Ace Hardware Indonesia Tbk's financial performance, as measured by Net Profit Margin (NPM), Return on Asset (ROA), and Return on Equity (ROE), is still in the poor category.

Analysis of Financial Statements in Assessing the Financial Performance of the North Sumatra Provincial Government

Good regional financial management can affect the progress of a region. In addition, the competence of human resources and the potential of supporting natural resources can also affect it. Financial statements can also reflect how the region's finances are managed. This study aims to find out the financial performance of the North Sumatra Provincial Government from 2020 to 2023. The data analysis technique used is quantitative descriptive using the local government financial ratios which can be seen from: (1) Regional Financial Independence Ratio, (2) Regional Financial Dependency Ratio, (3) Regional Financial Decentralization Degree Ratio, (4) PAD Effectiveness Ratio, (5) PAD Efficiency Ratio, (6) Compatibility Ratio, and (7) Growth Ratio. The data collection technique used is documentation. This study uses secondary data, namely financial statements that have been audited by the Financial Audit Agency obtained from the official website of the North Sumatra Provincial Government. The results of this study are the Financial Performance of the North Sumatra Provincial Government in 2020-2023: (1) The Regional Financial Independence Ratio is included in the delegative category, with an average percentage of 103.36%. (2) The Regional Financial Dependence Ratio is included in the high category with an average percentage of 48.87%. (3) The Degree of Decentralization Ratio is included in the very good category with an average percentage of 50.51%. (4) The PAD Effectiveness Ratio is included in the category of quite effective with an average percentage of 95.32%. (5) The PAD Efficiency Ratio is included in the inefficient category with an average percentage of 90.81%. (6) The Compatibility Ratio is included in the good category with an average percentage of 61.60% for operating expenditure and 12.99% for capital expenditure. (7) The Growth Ratio is included in the good/positive category with an average percentage of 5.87% PAD growth and 7.65% regional expenditure growth.

Adoption of Ifrs in Indian Accounting Standard and Its Effect on Financial Statement Analysis of Indian Companies

Objective: The objective of the study is to examine the effect of Ind AS implementation on the financial statements of select companies with the aim of comparing the two accounting standards with the available data of 13 companies. Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises secondary data extracted from prowess database of 13 non- financial companies selected from top BSE 30 (companies those have prepared financial reports as per both IGAAP and Ind AS during transition period) and used for the comparison with the help of selective financial ratios. The sampling adopted is purposive sampling method for the selection of the companies. Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed that there are changes and effect of implementation on profitability and liquidity on implication of Ind AS in companies but solvency remains same as in IGAAP. In the discussion section, these results are contextualized in light of the theoretical framework, highlighting the implications and relationships identified. Possible discrepancies and limitations of the study are also considered in this section. Research Implications: Financial reporting is crucial work that helps a firm to track their financial status in the market. For that, high quality uniform standards are required to compete with the global level market. Indian Accounting standards which is converged accounting standards from IFRS is introduced and implemented in India. The results and the method used to compare the effect of new and old accounting standards will make understand about the changes occur during the transition period and reason for changes in various components in the financial reporting of company. Originality/Value: This study is carried out on the basis of comparison of two accounting standards using various accounting ratios and those ratios were used in the Gray Comparability Index formula to know the conservatism for particular component from the statement of profit and loss and balance sheet of the company. This method allows the expertise and auditors to understand the root for the changes better, that occurred due to transition period in India.

Perspectivas Económicas: Un Análisis de la Trayectoria de la Industria Farmacéutica en España

Introduction: The pharmaceutical industry plays a key role in the economy, contributing to GDP and creating stable, high-quality jobs. Its primary functions include researching, developing, and manufacturing products for the treatment and prevention of diseases. The industry's role was critical in mitigating the pandemic's impact on the country. Methodology: The study employed financial statement analysis, including horizontal analysis and profitability evaluation. Data from the SABI database, which contains economic and financial information on Spanish companies classified by their CNAE codes, was used. The analysis began with a sector-wide examination of operating income and R&D expenses, later narrowing the sample to leading companies based on key parameters. Results: The findings confirm consistent growth in operating income and R&D expenses, with peak figures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Companies like Bayer stood out for significant investments in R&D and assets, reflecting their strong industry presence. Conclusions: The pandemic positively impacted the pharmaceutical sector, providing a unique opportunity to showcase its importance to the country's economy and well-being. This period highlighted the industry's capacity for growth and its critical role in addressing public health challenges.

The Impact of SME Financing Policies on Financial Reporting: A Case Study

Considering financing crucial for the daily survival of entities, it is fundamental to understand the impact of the measures taken by companies regarding the financing obtained. Therefore, the study aims to analyse the impact of financing policies on the financial reporting of entities through an analysis of the financial statements for the year 2021 of three entities. After analysing the results, it is demonstrated that bank loans are the main source of financing used by entities to fund their investments. However, it is noted that the entities under analysis seek external sources of financing, which has significantly increased their financial dependence. Therefore, when compared to their industry sector, these entities have a much lower level of financing via Equity. Regarding the financing costs incurred by their financing policies, it is observed that these are significantly high, mainly in relation to the weight of financing costs in total EBITDA, which impacts the net result of the period. Finally, the high impact of the rise in the Euribor rate on financing costs in 2023 was demonstrated. Thus, it is evident that in relation to other sources of financing, their respective expenses will increase dramatically, potentially greatly affecting the results of the companies.

In This Issue: Mixed Methods Systematic Methodological Reviews, Pillar Integration Applications, Mixed Methods Analysis of Video Interaction Data, Intersectional Mixed Methods Research, Mixed Methods Analysis of Witness Statements, and Combining Community-Based Participatory Approaches to Study Neighborhoods

In This Issue: Mixed Methods Systematic Methodological Reviews, Pillar Integration Applications, Mixed Methods Analysis of Video Interaction Data, Intersectional Mixed Methods Research, Mixed Methods Analysis of Witness Statements, and Combining Community-Based Participatory Approaches to Study Neighborhoods

A middle-class nation? The middle class and its moral boundaries in post-dictatorial Uruguay

AbstractIn this article, I examine the middle class as a contested category in contemporary Uruguay and the role of moral boundaries in its formation and maintenance. I contend that amidst the economic fragility experienced by the middle class, both individuals and the state grapple with the precarious position of the middle class. In this scenario, moral boundaries function as a crucial mechanism for navigating this uncertainty. Through an analysis of parliamentary debates and public statements of politicians, I redraw how, in these discourses, the middle class emerges as a moralized national and cultural identity centering around work ethic and colonial history. Central to my analysis is an examination of the historical material and symbolic struggles that have shaped the emergence and evolution of the middle class in Uruguay. Thus, I pay attention to its formative role during the early nineteenth century in the emergence and stabilization of the nation, as well as to the impact of the dictatorship (1972–1985). Finally, I show how these notions intersect with conceptions of (un)deservingness, ultimately legitimizing increasing punitivism.

Financial Statement Analysis of BYD Company Limited

This paper takes BYD as an example to analyze its financial indicators and conduct a comprehensive DuPont analysis for the period from 2019 to 2023. The analysis reveals that the company achieved significant financial growth during this period. Both operating revenue and net profit showed an upward trend, with particularly strong growth momentum in 2022 and 2023, as net profit increased substantially. The gross profit margin and net profit margin also improved, indicating enhanced operational efficiency and effective cost control. At the same time, BYD's continuous increase in R&D investment has driven technological innovation and product upgrades. The total assets have continued to grow, reflecting the company's business expansion and strengthened capabilities. The cash flow position remains healthy, with net operating cash flow steadily increasing, providing stable financial support for the company. However, BYD faces challenges such as intensified market competition and fluctuations in raw material prices, which necessitate ongoing optimization of business strategies and operational models to maintain its leading position and competitiveness. Overall, BYD has performed outstandingly in the new energy vehicle sector, with promising prospects for future development.

Analisis Laporan Keuangan Dalam Menilai Kinerja Keuangan Pada PT. Artha Lestari Engineering

Nindy Pertiwi, 2024. "Analysis of Financial Statements as a Basis for Evaluating Financial Performance: A Case Study of PT. Artha Lestari Engineering." Supervised by Johanis dan Meldilians NJ Lenas. This study aims to analyze financial statements to assess the financial performance of PT. Artha Lestari Engineering. Data were collected from PT. Artha Lestari Engineering's financial statements for the period 2019-2023 using a financial ratio analysis approach. The results of the ratio analysis reveal that the liquidity ratio initially experienced a significant decline but improved in the final year. Although the liquidity ratio remains high, the initial decline indicates challenges in liquidity management. The solvency ratios remain low, indicating a reliance on equity rather than debt, with fluctuations in these ratios reflecting the stability of this reliance. Activity ratios show stability with slight decreases, while Inventory Turnover and Receivable Turnover experienced fluctuations and declines, respectively. Profitability performance increased significantly, reflecting improvements in operational efficiency and profitability during the study period.

Analysis of ABSL Multicap Fund and Textile sector with Innerwear and Hosiery as a Subsector with reference to Lux Industries Ltd

The internship project entitled "Analysis of ABSL Multicap Fund and Textile Sector with Innerwear and Hosiery as a subsector with reference to Lux Industries Ltd." was taken up at Aditya Birla Sun Life Ltd. by Rohan Ganesh Kolhapure. The project would involve assessing the performance, strategies, and market positioning of the ABSL Multicap Fund for the period between June-August 2024. This also included assessing the textile sector dynamics, with special inward titude toward the innerwear hosiery subsector, using Lux Industries Ltd as a case study. The main tasks were related to the assessment of historical performance of ABSL Multicap Fund and its investment strategies, as well as the analysis of sectoral trends influencing the innerwear market. Specific methodologies included quantitative analysis of financial statements, asset allocation, and risk management practices, in addition to strategic frameworks like SWOT, PESTEL, and Porter's Five Forces.

Financial Statement Analysis in Transport Construction Enterprises

Financial Statement Analysis in Transport Construction Enterprises

The Influence of Corporate Governance on Tax Avoidance and The Role of Independent Auditors in Vietnamese Firms

This research addresses how corporate governance mechanisms influence tax avoidance in Vietnamese firms and the role of independent auditors in detecting or mitigating tax avoidance. The purpose of the research is to explore the relationship between corporate governance structures (e.g., independent boards, audit committees) and tax behavior, as well as to assess how auditors interact with these governance mechanisms to ensure tax compliance. A qualitative case study approach was used to analyze six companies from different sectors and governance models (2 state-owned enterprises; 2 family-owned private companies; and 2 publicly listed companies) through 18 interviews conducted between May 2024 and October 2024 with 3 key individuals from each company, including: Independent auditor; Company CEO; Manager or administrator, along with documentary analysis of financial statements and tax filings. The research found that firms with stronger governance (e.g., independent boards and active audit committees) are less likely to engage in tax avoidance, while weak governance structures often lead to more aggressive tax strategies. Independent auditors were more effective in well-governed firms, but faced ethical challenges in weaker ones. These findings are significant because they highlight the importance of strengthening governance frameworks and ensuring auditor independence to reduce tax avoidance and improve corporate transparency in Vietnam.

Comparative Analysis of Global Tax Regulations and Corporate Financial Reporting Practices

This paper explores the connection between international taxation and corporate reporting, in particular how overlapping tax jurisdictions affect the quality of corporate disclosures. With the growing complexity of international business and the differences between tax systems, understanding these interactions are important to policymakers and stakeholders. It employs a mixed-methods strategy that involves the literature review, quantitative analysis of financial statements from multinational companies and qualitative interviews with tax experts. The quantitative study employs regression approaches to distinguish commonalities in profit statements and tax liabilities across different systems of regulation; the qualitative insights highlight the challenges faced by e-commerce giants in navigating through fragmented tax regimes. This has a significant implication: the overall perception of seriousness between countries in tax and commercial programming can differ depending on how strict or lax their tax legislation is with corporations more likely to deploy profit shifting and minimisation tactics where the leveraging is lower. Therefore, it seems we have found substantial inconsistencies across global financial reporting practices! Industries that rely on intangible assets, like tech and pharma, are especially vulnerable to exploiting these discrepancies. The absence of alignment of international tax rules with financial reporting standards, in the conclusion shows great impediments to achieving harmonization of corporate governance and economic transparency worldwide. This study underlines that we need more international coordination in harmonising tax and reporting rules, to create a more equal and transparent global financial system. Regulatory challenges are growing, and future research should explore the impact of emerging technologies such as blockchain and digital assets on tax compliance and reporting practices.

Polytope Fraud Theory

Polytope Fraud Theory (PFT) extends the existing triangle and diamond theories of accounting fraud with ten abnormal financial practice alarms that a fraudulent firm might trigger. These warning signals are identified through evaluation of the shorting behavior of sophisticated activist short sellers, which are used to train several supervised machine learning methods in detecting financial statement fraud using published accounting data. Our contributions include a systematic manual collection and labeling of companies that are shorted by professional activist short sellers. We also combine well-known asset pricing factors with accounting red flags in financial features selections. Using 80 % of the data for training and the remaining 20 % for out-of-sample test and performance assessment, we find that the best method is XGBoost, with a Recall of 72 % and F1-score of 82 %. Other methods have relatively lower performance, demonstrating the robustness of our results. This shows that the sophisticated activist short sellers, from whom the algorithms are learning, have excellent accounting insights, tremendous forensic analytical knowledge, and sharp business acumen. Our feature importance analysis indicates that potential short-selling targets share many similar financial characteristics, such as bankruptcy or financial distress risk, clustering in some industries, inconsistency of profitability, high accrual, and unreasonable business operations. Our results imply the possible automation of advanced financial statement analysis, which can both improve auditing processes and effectively enhance investment performance. Finally, we propose the Unified Investor Protection Framework, summarizing and categorizing investor-protection related theories from the macro-level to the micro-level.

The Role of CSR in Improving Corporate Image and Financial Performance in the Banking Industry

Corporate Social Responsibility has an important role in improving the company's image and financial performance in the banking industry. Although many previous studies have shown a positive relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and corporate performance, the phenomenon that has occurred shows that not all banks have experienced an improvement in financial performance despite having implemented Corporate Social Responsibility practices. This study aims to analyze the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility practices on public perception and financial performance of banks, with a focus on sustainability and social responsibility aspects. Using a quantitative approach, data is collected through surveys to customers as well as analysis of financial statements from several leading banks in Indonesia. The results of the study show that banks that are active in Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives tend to have a more positive image in the eyes of the public, which has implications for increasing customer loyalty and acquiring new customers. These findings indicate that a positive image built through Corporate Social Responsibility activities can increase customer trust, which is a key factor in their decision to choose a financial institution. In addition, the analysis showed a significant relationship between the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility and improved financial performance, where banks that adopted good Corporate Social Responsibility practices showed higher profit growth and better financial stability. This study fills in the gaps in the existing literature by highlighting the factors that affect the success of Corporate Social Responsibility in the context of banking, as well as underlining the importance of Corporate Social Responsibility as an integral component in a business strategy oriented towards social responsibility and sustainability, contributing to broader economic growth and a better society.

DIVING DEEP INTO FIN- TECHS: AN EXAMINATION OF ONE 97 COMMUNICATIONS LTD. (PAYTM) FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE

India has seen rise in the number of the Fin -Techs as a part of Start Ups project coming up. Need to analysis the financial statements of such start ups becomes an important task as many stakeholders as being connected directly or indirectly with the company. In this study the financial statement analysis of ONE 97 COMMUNICATIONS Ltd. popularly well known as Paytm was done in the context of profitability and financial stability ratios using the data for the period of 2 years since its listing of the Stock Exchanges. Results showed that there are positive trends in the reduction of loss magnitudes and improvements in operational efficiency. It is crucial for the company to continue its efforts to enhance profitability, manage costs, and work towards achieving positive returns for both assets and equity. On side of financial stability the company has a healthy current and liquid ratio, indicating strong short-term liquidity but the position still needs to be continued for a long term to see a better and positive picture.

Challenges of environmental impact assessment in addressing environmental risk: insights from Brazilian practice in mining dams

ABSTRACT Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Risk Assessment (RA) are critical tools for assessing and managing environmental impacts and risks of projects. However, their integration remains a challenge. This study examines how EIA practices account for risks in evaluating the environmental feasibility of mining dam projects in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. We analyzed licensing processes for projects approved between 2004 and 2022, using data from the state’s environmental agency. Methods included documentary and content analysis of Environmental Impact Statements (EIS) and review reports. Among the 25 cases analyzed, most focused solely on risk control without performing RA. Only two cases included RA, and two others lacked any risk-related information. Review reports revealed that only two went beyond considering risk control when assessing environmental feasibility. This suggests decision-making relies on a narrow focus on risk control. Furthermore, there is a misalignment between the EIS content and the criteria for project acceptability in review reports. Finally, we explore how politicization may undermine the EIA’s role in objective, and evidence-based decision-making. These findings underscore the superficial and fragmented approach to addressing environmental risk in mining dam assessments in Minas Gerais.

The Future of Food Health-Focused Brands in the Fast-Food Industry Based on the Analysis of Chipotle

Abstract: Healthy and sustainable food eating has become one of the significant trends in customer behavior. Academics and media research have found the significance of embracing new consumption habits, food choices on nutritionally adjusted meals, and increasing consumer health awareness. However, more research is still needed on the development opportunities of the fast-food industry in response to this new consumer behavior. Therefore, this article will use Chipotle as an example to demonstrate the financial opportunities of the fast-food industry's change toward healthy eating. This article uses research on healthy eating development, trends in the fast-food industry, balance sheets, and financial ratios. We have employed the analysis of Chipotle's financial statement and forecast the development of the fast-food restaurant from 2024 to 2028 after it accepts healthy eating. Research has found that customers' attitudes are changing. Consumers now prefer natural, high-quality fast food; introducing healthy products is financially rewarded with higher sales growth. This kind of brand will gain traction and boost profit. Various brands should also launch new products that focus on healthier alternatives.

Sustainability Assessment of the Performance of Parmigiano Reggiano PDO Firms: A Comparative Analysis of Firms’ Legal Form and Altitude Range

Geographical indications (GIs), protected by the European Union with the collective marks of PDO (protected designation of origin), PGI (protected geographical indication), and TSG (traditional specialty guaranteed), play an important role in the social and economic system. They not only guarantee food needs, but promote correct consumer information, protect local food, and play a role in the environmental and social sustainability of rural areas. In Italy, Parmigiano Reggiano (PR-RE) PDO cheese is ranked second in foods with the GI protection mark by turnover. This research aims to assess the financial sustainability of the firms registered in the PR-RE PDO consortium using financial statement (FINSTAT) analysis. Financial ratios (FR) and the EM-Score were applied to assess firms’ performance, financial risk, and credit score. The analysis distinguished firms by legal form, cooperative and non-cooperative, and altitude range—plain hill and mountain. The main findings of the research were as follows: (1) a better performance of lowland non-cooperative firms and lower financial risk, (2) a longer duration of the inventory cycle of cooperative firms, and (3) a greater financial risk in mountain cooperatives. The results provide indications for improving firms’ performance and for designing financial instruments for the sector. To our knowledge, this is the first research to carry out an analysis of all the available FINSTATs of firms in the PR-RE PDO sector.

Do Transfer Pricing, Capital Intensity, Institutional Ownership and Managerial Ownership Affect Tax Avoidance: Case Study on the Mining Industry Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for 2019-2022 Period

This study aims to analyze the impact of institutional ownership, managerial ownership, capital intensity, and transfer pricing on tax evasion. This study applies a quantitative method with an associative approach. The data used are secondary data obtained through the analysis of financial statements of mining companies that were active during the period 2019 to 2022 and listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), with data collection techniques through internet searches. Purposive sampling was used to select the sample, and all mining companies listed on the IDX during that time period are included in the study population. Panel data regression of Eviews 10 statistical software was used to analyze the data. The results of the study show that simultaneously, Transfer Pricing, Capital Intensity, Institutional Ownership, and Managerial Ownership have a significant influence on tax avoidance in the mining sector listed on the IDX for the period 2019-2022. Specifically, Transfer Pricing and Institutional Ownership have a negative influence on tax avoidance, while Capital Intensity and Managerial Ownership do not show a significant influence on tax avoidance in the sector.