Defining and measuring gambling satisfaction as an indicator of gambling problems: Consumer perspectives, predictors, and scale utility.

The rising prevalence of mental health crises in the United States highlights the need for innovative care models. One such model uses faculty from an academic medical center to staff rural inpatient psychiatric units via telepsychiatry. This column reviews such a partnership within an affiliated health system (in-person care: N=1,064; virtual care: N=722). The authors highlight changes in unit workflow and review administrative, financial, and satisfaction outcomes. The findings suggest that telepsychiatry might provide an effective approach to extending high-quality inpatient psychiatric care to underserved rural populations, offering a viable solution to psychiatric provider shortages. Further research is necessary to confirm these findings.

The study examines methods of explainability and semantic verification for financial data mining outcomes in computer decision support systems, particularly in high-risk industries such as aerospace. The purpose of the article is to analyze modern explainability methods and approaches to verifying the results of intelligent systems within a financial context, identify their limitations, and justify an approach to explainable semantic verification based on a combination of xAI methods, ontological knowledge representation, and formal verification procedures. Tasks include: analyzing modern methods of explainability and approaches to verifying the functioning of intelligent systems; identifying the limitations of existing solutions in ensuring the logical admissibility, semantic consistency, and reliability of data mining, results; and developing an approach to explainable semantic verification specifically for financial data. The study employs methods of analyzing and generalizing scientific sources, systemic and comparative analysis, and approaches to ontological modeling and the semantic interpretation of machine learning results. The findings indicate that modern xAI approaches provide interpretations of machine learning outputs, but do not guarantee their logical admissibility, semantic consistency, or regulatory acceptability in the financial sphere. The feasibility of integrating xAI methods with ontological knowledge models and formal verification procedures is substantiated, allowing for expanded quality control of analytical conclusions. The proposed approach involves the sequential implementation of analytical result formation, explanation generation, semantic mapping, logical verification, and result reliability assessment. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in the justification of the proposed approach to explainable semantic verification of financial data mining results. Unlike existing methods, this approach provides not only a meaningful interpretation of the output, but also its logical verification and semantic consistency with domain-specific knowledge and industry constraints.

The topic of corporate social responsibility in communal enterprises has become increasingly significant in the context of sustainable urban development and contemporary economic transformations. Social responsibility is no longer limited to financial outcomes; it encompasses environmental, social, and managerial dimensions that require systematic consideration in organizational decision-making. Effective management of socially responsible activities necessitates the development of comprehensive accounting and analytical systems capable of integrating non-financial performance indicators. Incorporating environmental, social, and governance (ESG) components into operational processes enhances transparency, accountability, and strategic planning. Communal enterprises play a critical role in providing essential services, which creates growing expectations from local communities, regulators, and other stakeholders regarding ethical, social, and ecological performance. Ensuring that all initiatives are systematically documented and monitored is essential for internal control and for communicating impact to the wider public. Addressing the challenges of recording, evaluating, and reporting social and environmental initiatives requires innovation in accounting structures, including the creation of specialized analytical subaccounts and detailed tracking mechanisms. The development of integrated reporting frameworks that combine financial and non-financial data supports strategic decision-making and provides a holistic view of an organization’s contribution to community well-being and sustainable development. The topic remains highly relevant as organizations face increasing pressures to demonstrate responsible practices, maintain public trust, and contribute to broader societal goals while managing operational efficiency and resource allocation. The study of such approaches highlights the importance of aligning managerial processes, financial systems, and non-financial performance measurement to ensure that communal enterprises can effectively fulfill their social responsibilities and meet evolving expectations in a complex, sustainability-focused environment. This research area provides opportunities for further exploration of innovative methods for integrating social, environmental, and governance considerations into communal management, offering practical implications for policy-making, organizational strategy, and stakeholder engagement.

This study examines how artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled cost management systems influence cost efficiency and sustainability performance in large-scale construction and property development projects across the Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC). It also explores how national regulatory environments moderate these relationships, providing managerial insights for sustainable decision making and digital governance. A longitudinal panel dataset of engineering and infrastructure projects from the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar covering 2015–2024 is analysed using fixed-effects, difference-in-differences, and generalised method of moments estimations. Projects integrating AI-based cost management systems achieve significantly higher cost efficiency, environmental sustainability, and overall triple-bottom-line performance than those relying on traditional approaches. Stronger regulatory and governance frameworks amplify these benefits, demonstrating that institutional quality enhances the sustainability impact of digital transformation. AI-driven cost systems provide developers, financiers, and policymakers with tools to improve transparency, mitigate budget risks, and align project management with environmental, social, and governance goals. The study contributes to sustainable management and information systems literature by empirically linking AI-enabled cost accounting with measurable financial and environmental outcomes in GCC infrastructure projects.

ABSTRACT This study examines the nexus between board gender diversity (BGD), corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance, and financial outcomes in the context of an emerging country, Türkiye. The sample consists of Turkish non‐financial firms listed on Borsa Istanbul for the period 2008–2023. The findings indicate that BGD plays a significant positive role in improving CSR performance. Furthermore, BGD does not moderate the CSR‐accounting performance link but positively moderates the relationship between CSR and market‐based performance. This study extends the literature, testing the associations between BGD, CSR, and financial performance in an institutional context characterized by a soft regulatory framework for BGD. The results provide a business case justification for promoting gender‐diverse boards, as greater female representation enhances CSR performance and strengthens the market valuation of CSR initiatives. Accordingly, policymakers are encouraged to implement measures that foster BGD, given its potential to enhance firms' CSR engagement and support national sustainability goals.

The rapid growth of financial technology raises concerns that e-money may encourage higher consumption. This study aims to examine how mental accounting and consumptive behavior mediated the effects of financial literacy and e-money usage on financial management. A quantitative approach was employed with 216 respondents and analyzed using PLS-SEM. The results showed that financial literacy and e-money positively affected financial management, while consumptive behavior negatively impacted it. Mental accounting positively mediated these relationships, whereas consumptive behavior served as a negative mediator. By integrating both positive and negative behavioral mediators, this study provided a comprehensive understanding of digital finance’s influence on individual financial outcomes. Practically, the findings highlight the importance of embedding educational features in e-money applications to enhance financial literacy and promote better financial management.

ABSTRACT Transforming agrifood systems is essential to meeting the Paris Agreement and addressing environmental challenges. Yet Europe is experiencing a decline in small family farms due to generational replacement issues, while farmer protests have intensified since 2023 in opposition to EU agri-environmental measures. At the same time, organic farming is expanding rapidly in Europe and worldwide, but there remains a knowledge gap on whether its financial performance is superior, comparable, or inferior to conventional farming. This study addresses this gap through a multivariate statistical analysis of 62,588 farm-year observations from the Spanish Farm Accountancy Data Network between 2015 and 2021. We model several financial performance indicators, both including and excluding subsidies, while using several control variables across fully organic, partially organic, conventional, and transitioning farms. Results show that return on assets, income per family labor, and other indicators were consistently higher or similar in fully organic farms compared with conventional ones, with even stronger outcomes for partially organic farms. At no point did organic farms perform worse. These findings suggest that distinct business models, cost structures, and trading strategies make organic farms more resilient and profitable, offering insights for agricultural sciences, policy, and public debate.

Purpose There is little consensus on how the link between business intelligence (BI) systems and organisational performance should be modelled or which performance outcomes are most relevant for assessing the business value of BI. This study draws on the “IT value” framework to develop a research model linking BI use to financial and non-financial performance outcomes through its impacts on the formal and informal management control systems of the organisation. Design/methodology/approach The method was quantitative in nature. Survey data were collected from a sample of 195 South African companies with structural equation modelling used to test the model's hypotheses. Findings Results indicate that extent of BI use has a positive significant influence on the effectiveness of both formal and informal management controls, along with positive significant effects on financial and non-financial performance outcomes of organisations. Research limitations/implications Self-administered surveys are subject to selection and response biases. Results may not be generalisable to all organisations. Data were cross-sectional, which limits causal inference. Longitudinal research designs would need to be employed in future studies. Originality/value The study contributes a novel explanation of BI value to organisations by demonstrating that BI systems can improve the effectiveness of formal and informal management controls. Control effectiveness measures are partial mediators linking BI use to financial and non-financial organisational performance outcomes. While BI use is strongest in bureaucratic control firms, clan organisations can benefit significantly from greater BI use. Moreover, we demonstrated that the value of BI should be considered from the balanced scorecard perspective of organisational performance.

Most U.S. medical schools have probationary period extension (PPE) policies, but career and financial outcomes have not been compared between genders. A retrospective cohort study comparing PPE use, career outcomes, and lifetime earning potential between women and men assistant professors appointed between 1995 and 2013 at one institution. Of the 1,840 faculty included in the career outcomes analysis, 37% (680/1,840) were women and 63% (1160/1,840) were men. Twenty-three percent (426/1,840) took at least one PPE. Women were more likely than men to take PPEs (33% versus 17%, p < 0.001). Faculty who took extensions had higher odds of being promoted (odds ratio = 1.867 [1.493-2.335]), taking a leave of absence (odds ratio = 1.455 [1.113-1.902]), taking a reduction in duties (odds ratio = 5.078 [1.498-2.322]), and/or being retained (odds ratio = 1.865 [1.498-2.322]). For the 2,605 faculty included in the financial analysis, the cumulative loss in earning potential due to PPE was $24,235,134 per 1,000 women faculty versus $14,422,404 per 1,000 men faculty. The PPE policy contributes to faculty advancement and retention but is more likely to be utilized by women than men. Institutions with gender differences in PPE use should consider strategies to ameliorate adverse economic outcomes.

Symphony orchestras (SOs) face financial and legitimacy challenges, from unstable revenue to shifting stakeholder expectations. Grounded in dynamic capabilities theory, we investigate how innovation strengthens nonprofit SOs’ financial sustainability. Using survey data from 131 North American SOs, we test a model where environmental intelligence and external partnerships shape product and process innovation, affecting financial outcomes. Results indicate environmental intelligence alone does not generate innovation but depends on partnerships for resource access and action. Furthermore, process innovation enhances financial outcomes, whereas product innovation yields no immediate return. Necessary condition analysis shows innovation is required for high financial performance. Overall, findings highlight that innovation in mission-driven, resource-constrained settings is deliberate and depends on leadership and partnerships to balance artistic and managerial logics. We contribute to nonprofit and arts management research by clarifying SOs’ innovation pathways, offering practical implications for managers and policymakers to strengthen financial sustainability across the performing arts and nonprofit sector.

ABSTRACT Despite near‐universal account ownership, India's financial inclusion gender gap has shifted from access to usage. Using Global Findex 2021 data from 3000 respondents and employing Fairlie's nonlinear decomposition alongside a path‐independent detailed decomposition, we document significant gender gaps in card ownership, digital access, card use, and mobile money, but not in account ownership or borrowing. Education, employment, income, and locality are the dominant endowment‐side drivers. However, a substantial unexplained component persists across digital indicators, revealing that equally endowed women convert socioeconomic characteristics into financial outcomes at lower rates than men. Closing this gap demands addressing structural barriers beyond human capital.

This study examines the effects of firm-specific factors on the short-run and long-run returns of Indian initial public offerings (IPOs). This research adopts the robust least-squares method to investigate the relationship between shortand long-term returns of IPOs and firm characteristics. This study examines hand-collected data for 328 IPOs over a period of 10 years to identify factors that influence the long-term and short-term performance of IPOs. The findings confirm that the issue price, age, and size have a significant and positive influence on the short-term performance of IPOs. Furthermore, the timing of IPOs has a negative impact on short-term performance. We also find evidence that short-term, market-adjusted excess returns have a positive effect on long-term returns. The findings of this study help to build an understanding of firm-specific factors that may be used to forecast IPO performance in the Indian context.

We examined outcomes of a quality improvement (QI) culture implemented through Mayo Clinic Quality Academy by retrospectively reviewing data from QI projects credited from 2019 to 2024. Data analyzed included roles, member count, region, project details, priorities, financial outcomes, methodologies, and lessons learned. During the study period, Mayo Clinic Quality Academy credited 1106 projects involving 10 063 members (median, 8 members per project). Physicians participated in 52.4% of projects, allied health professionals in 83.6%, and nurses in 55.2%. Among all projects, teamwork (54.0%) and efficiency (52.8%) were the most common organizational priorities; among National Academy of Medicine priorities, efficiency was the most common (32.2%), followed by safety (20.7%) and patient-centeredness (18.9%). Model for improvement was the most prevalent QI methodology (29.2%). Most participants (93%) believed the QI project changed the way they work. Cultivating a QI culture influences health care delivery by emphasizing efficiency, teamwork, operational performance, patient outcomes, satisfaction, and financial benefits.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic created an urgent need to understand how supply chains can withstand and adapt to severe disruptions. While prior research has highlighted the importance of supply chain resilience and robustness in managing disruptions, less attention has been given to the mechanisms through which firms transform these capabilities into financial outcomes. Drawing on the Resource Orchestration Perspective (ROP), this study proposed that absorptive capacity acts as a cognitive orchestration mechanism that enables firms to more effectively translate resilience and robustness capabilities into financial performance during periods of major disruption. Methods: Using a quantitative approach, this research employed partial least squares structural equation modeling to analyze data from 66 supply chain managers who experienced varying levels of supply chain disruption following the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Both supply chain resilience and robustness affect organizational absorptive capacity, which, in turn, enhances performance. Conclusions: This study extends ROP and provides new insights into how firms can strategically leverage disruption-related knowledge to enhance performance in turbulent environments by identifying absorptive capacity as a key mechanism linking resilience capabilities to financial outcomes. In practice, it provides managers with valuable insights to prioritize AC development and reduce financial risks associated with disruptions.

Purpose New ventures in emerging economies like Pakistan encounter high failure rates due to volatility and limited resources. Grit – the perseverance in overcoming challenges while striving toward long-term goals – has been associated with enhanced venture performance. However, the absence of a validated firm-level grit measure limits our understanding of its antecedents and associated with on financial and non-financial outcomes. Consequently, this research aims to develop a firm-level grit scale and investigate its relationship with the performance of new ventures. Design/methodology/approach This collaborative study aims to bridge the measurement gap in organizational grit by developing and validating a novel firm-level grit scale. It employed a rigorous five-step process to construct an 11-item instrument that captures grit’s dynamic and enduring dimensions. The final step utilized Hayes’ PROCESS mediation analysis in SPSS to test the study’s hypotheses. Findings This study of 285 new ventures in Pakistan indicates that dynamic and enduring grit mediates the relationship among strategic orientation, bricolage and new venture performance. This equilibrium allows ventures to tackle immediate challenges while also pursuing long-term objectives. The findings show the significance of grit in aligning short-term adaptability with a long-term strategy, highlighting the necessity of strategic flexibility to mitigate the risks associated with excessive grit. Practical implications The findings suggest that new ventures, entrepreneurs and business incubators use grit measurement tools to improve business outcomes and innovation, although excessive grit may cause missed opportunities. Originality/value This study deepens the understanding of firm-level grit by harmonizing endurance with adaptability. It enriches the fields of entrepreneurship by conceptualizing grit as a resource-dependent, context-sensitive construct while offering actionable guidance for optimizing gritty behaviors to improve venture sustainability and performance.

Governments allocate substantial financial resources to secondary education to enhance learning quality and institutional development. These resources require prudent management through effective financial control systems to ensure accountability, transparency, and optimal utilization. However, audit reports in public secondary schools in Kenya persistently reveal financial mismanagement, weak procurement practices, inadequate infrastructure, and recurring fiscal crises. This study examined how financial control practices shape financial management performance in public secondary schools in Kenya. The study was anchored in Systems Theory. A concurrent nested design was employed within a mixed-methods research approach. The target population comprised 239 public secondary schools in Kericho County, from which a stratified sample of 72 schools (30%) was selected. Units of observation included 72 principals, 72 bursars, 72 student presidents, one County School Auditor, and 24 Boards of Management chairpersons. Stratified, purposive, and simple random sampling techniques were utilized. Data were collected through questionnaires, interview guides, and document analysis. Instrument validity was established through content and construct validation, while reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Quantitative data were analyzed using inferential statistical techniques; qualitative data were analyzed thematically and presented through tables, figures, and emergent themes. Findings revealed weak implementation of financial management policies, limited stakeholder involvement, and inadequate enforcement of financial control mechanisms across many secondary schools. The study concluded that effective financial control significantly influences financial management outcomes in public secondary schools. It recommends that the Ministry of Education and Boards of Management strengthen financial control structures, clearly delineate the authority and responsibilities of school bursars within institutional hierarchies, and enhance stakeholder participation in financial oversight. This study contributes original empirical evidence underscoring the critical role of robust financial control systems in advancing accountability and sound financial management in public secondary schools.

Governance and financial management capability are widely recognised as foundational organisational prerequisites for financial sustainability, yet their specific effects on private schools in sub-Saharan African developing country contexts remain empirically underexplored. This study examines the influence of governance and financial management capability on the financial sustainability of private schools in Lusaka Province, Zambia. The Tuckman–Chang Financial Vulnerability Model and Governance as well as Bowman's Financial Capacity Framework and governance guided this research. Using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design (QUAN→qual), quantitative data were collected from 272 valid survey questionnaire responses drawn from school owners, principals, bursars, and accountants at private primary and secondary schools across the six districts of Lusaka Province. The study employed two-stage stratified random sampling guided by Yamane's formula at a 5% margin of error and 95% confidence level. Qualitative data were gathered through 15 purposively selected semi-structured telephone interviews. A Financial Sustainability Index (FSI) was computed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), yielding a mean FSI of 0.53 (SD = 0.202), indicating moderate but fragile financial sustainability across the sector. Strikingly, the governance and financial management capability construct recorded very low mean scores across all seven items, ranging from 1.76 to 1.86 on the five-point Likert scale, reflecting substantial and pervasive governance deficits in the private school sector. Exploratory factor analysis confirmed a strong single-factor structure for the governance construct (KMO = 0.928; chi-square = 1,482.52; p &lt; .001; eigenvalue = 5.11; variance explained = 72.94%). Pearson correlation analysis, supported by bias-corrected bootstrap estimation, revealed a moderate, positive, and statistically significant relationship between governance and financial management capability and the FSI (r = 0.449; p &lt; .001; BCa 95% CI: 0.22–0.68). Multiple regression analysis confirmed governance and financial management capability as a significant and independent predictor of financial sustainability in the full model (R² = 0.37; F(7,264) = 21.96; p &lt; .001). Critically, moderation analysis demonstrated that both regulatory intensity and market competition significantly moderated the governance–financial sustainability relationship, with regulatory intensity positively moderating and market competition negatively moderating the effect. Qualitative findings strongly corroborated these results, with participants consistently identifying structured governance arrangements, transparent financial reporting, regular budget monitoring, and accountability mechanisms as practices most closely associated with better financial sustainability outcomes. The study concludes that strengthening governance and financial management capability in private schools is both an urgent necessity and a high-return institutional investment for improving financial sustainability in Zambia's private education sector. This study recommends that private school proprietors and administrators should prioritise the development of formal financial governance structures, even in small and resource-constrained institutions.

This study examines the effect of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance and Board Gender Diversity on firm value, with corporate reputation proxied by Return on Assets as a moderating variable. The increasing importance of sustainability and governance practices has raised questions regarding their actual contribution to firm value, particularly in emerging markets where investor preferences may differ from developed economies. This study aims to provide empirical evidence on whether ESG and board diversity are valued by the market and whether corporate reputation strengthens these relationships. The research employs a quantitative approach using panel data regression on 57 non-financial firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange over the period 2021 to 2024, resulting in 228 firm-year observations. The findings reveal that ESG performance and Board Gender Diversity do not have a significant effect on firm value. In contrast, corporate reputation has a positive and significant effect, indicating that profitability remains a key determinant of market valuation. Furthermore, the moderating effect of corporate reputation is not supported, suggesting that financial performance does not strengthen the relationship between ESG, board diversity, and firm value. These results indicate that investors in emerging markets place greater emphasis on financial outcomes than on sustainability and governance attributes. This study contributes to the literature by highlighting the gap between ESG implementation and market recognition, and suggests that firms need to align sustainability initiatives with financial performance to enhance firm value

The global landscape of sustainability challenges has become increasingly complex, characterized by varying regulatory frameworks and market maturity across different nations. The financial significance of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors is influenced by industry and firm-specific attributes. Therefore, this study employs an integrated decision support framework that combines grey relational analysis (GRA) models including Deng’s GRA, absolute GRA, and a second synthetic grey relational analysis (SSGRA) with firm-level panel regressions to compare ESG and financial performance linkages across 11 Middle East and Africa (MEA) countries and industrial sectors. Furthermore, the study utilized a sensitivity analysis to check the robustness of SSGRG. Results indicate considerable variability in the relationships between ESG and financial performance across the region. The economies of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) showed the most robust positive relationship between ESG factors and financial performance based on SSGRG, with Kuwait (0.82), Qatar (0.81), and Saudi Arabia (0.80) predominantly influenced by the social and governance dimensions. Conversely, a weak correlation was demonstrated in Egypt (0.54), Nigeria (0.53), and Kenya (0.56). Moreover, financials, communication services, and materials sectors exhibit the greatest integration of ESG factors into financial performance, with composite SSGRG values ranging from 0.75 to 0.78. In contrast, the information technology and energy sectors demonstrate weak association, with composite SSGRG values falling below 0.60. Furthermore, a conservative maximin analysis reveals that corporate governance in Kenya and environmental performance in Oman are identified as the weakest relationship at the country level, while governance in the information technology and energy sectors, environmental management in real estate, and social performance in consumer discretionary sectors are highlighted as weak connections. This study addresses a gap in the literature by developing a novel decision-support framework, providing fresh empirical evidence from emerging markets, and offering theoretical insights into the into influence of stakeholder and institutional factors on ESG value creation. This study provides implications for investors, corporate managers, and policymakers on sustainable finance in emerging markets and presents a decision-making framework that emphasizes ESG initiatives to enhance financial performance.