Financial Need Research Articles

Evaluating the Distance Learning Experience During the Corona Pandemic Using the Multiple Decision Model (CIPP) - Field Study on Students of Saudi Universities-: تقويم تجربة التعليم عن بعد في ضوء جائحة كورونا باستخدام نموذج القرارات المتعددة (CIPP) – دراسة ميدانية على طلبة الجامعات السعودية-

The study aimed to evaluate the distance learning during the Corona pandemic using the Multiple Decision Model (CIPP), through evaluating the context, inputs, processes and outputs of the experience from the viewpoint of male and female students at the undergraduate level in Saudi universities. To achieve the goals of the study, the descriptive survey approach was used, and the questionnaire as a study tool that consisted of (22) phrases divided into four axes (context, inputs, processes, outputs). It was applied to a simple random sample consisting of (502) male and female students in the study population which included all male and female students of the public universities in the Riyadh region, who numbered (184, 035). The study found that the input axis was the highest achieved with a high degree (3.52), followed by the outputs with a medium degree (3.39), operations with a medium degree (3.26) and assessing the context with an average degree (3.23). A number of recommendations were given, the most important of which was developing the infrastructure and academic accreditation for distance education programs, and providing support students in financial need.

Can Strengths Based Interventions be used to Support the Financial Wellbeing of Tertiary Students in Financial Need During COVID-19?

Positive Psychology explores howprofessionals and individuals, including financial counsellors,can make life “better”, instead of merely alleviating suffering(Seligman & Csikszenzentmihalyi, 2000). It is acknowledged that some financial problems are insurmountable, and students can lack motivation due to continual disadvantage, discrimination, overwhelming circumstances and poverty. Positive Psychology encourages professionals to seek out the strengths of character demonstrated by our clients; to acknowledge past achievements and encourage and build greater self-determination and a sustainable financial future. Positive Psychology research is evidence-based and applied in manysettings(Lyubomirsky & Sin, 2009). Financial counsellors do not profess to be psychologists, but insight fostered by psychologicalknowledge and interventions may enlighten our engagement, and/or facilitatereferrals to other professionals. Clients experiencingfinancial difficultyoften understand their issues best and may possess strengths to endure hardship and move towards a sustainable financial future. Some practical tools are offered to add to professional practice and to offer some hope during the COVID-19 pandemic and into the recovery period.

Thriving, Surviving, or Striving? A Part-Time Non-Tenure-Track Faculty Typology for the New Era of Faculty Work

Context As instructional part-time, non-tenure-track faculty (NTTF) come to constitute an increasing proportion of all teaching faculty in the United States, significant research has investigated the experiences and perspectives of these essential higher education workers. In past decades, a subset of this work has sought to typologize this heterogenous group by various characteristics including their professional attributes and motivations for teaching part-time. Yet these typologies evidence limited usefulness to the robust and current scholarly debate surrounding NTTF in higher education. Purpose This article presents a novel typology of part-time NTTF for the new era of faculty work—an era marked by financial inequality. Thus, the proposed typology sorts these faculty, within the context of structural inequality, by their motivation to teach part-time and their financial dependence on this work. Research Design This analytic essay synthesizes literature on the attributes, work experiences, perspectives, and motivations of part-time NTTF in order to critique existing part-time faculty typologies and present a novel classification system. Conclusions The proposed typology advances three types of part-time NTTF: “thrivers”— those who work as teachers predominantly by preference; “survivors” —those who work as teachers predominantly out of financial need; and “strivers” —those who work as teachers because of a combination of preference and financial need. As proposed, the new typology enables a more complex understanding of part-time faculty's work experiences and better differentiates lines of future inquiry and practice for these essential professionals, many of whom are indispensable to, yet face inequitable working conditions within, the field of higher education.

THE EFFECT OF FRAUD TRIANGLE IN DETECTING FINANCIAL STATEMENT FRAUD

Financial statements are a form of a report presented by a company that shows the financial performance of the company. In many cases of financial report fraud committed by Public Accounting Firm, they beautify the financial statements so that many investors are interested in the company. Therefore, this study aims to examine the influence of the Fraud Triangle factor in detecting fraudulent financial statements. The object of this study uses the financial statements of the Cigarettes and Cosmetics subsectors that are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2016-2018. This study uses thirty sample data using purposive methods based on criteria. Data analysis using logistic linear regression analysis. The results showed that Rationalization had a significant effect on financial statement fraud. Meanwhile, Financial Stability, External Pressure, Personal Financial Need, Financial Targets, Ineffective Monitoring, Nature of Industry have no significant effect on financial statement fraud.Keywords: Fraud, Pressure, Opportunity, Rationalization, Financial Statement Fraud

Model Kinerja Pegawai: Kepemimpinan, Budaya Kerja, dan Motivasi Kerja dengan Kepuasan kerja variabel intervening

The research aims to analyze and describe the influence of Leadership Variables, Work Culture, Work Motivation, Job Satisfaction towards Job Satisfaction Variables and Performance Variables on the Investment Alert Task Force of the Financial Services Authority. A total of 100 samples were analyzed using SEM (Structural Equation Model) with SmartPLS software. The results showed that leadership had a significant positive direct effect on job satisfaction. Leadership has a significant positive effect on performance. Work Culture has a significant positive effect on Job Satisfaction. Work Culture has a significant positive effect on performance. Work motivation has a significant positive effect on job satisfaction. Work motivation has a significant positive effect on performance. Job satisfaction has a significant positive effect on the performance of the Investment Alert Task Force. Job Satisfaction is able to mediate on Leadership on Performance. Job Satisfaction is able to mediate the Work Culture of Performance. Job Satisfaction is able to mediate on Work Motivation on Performance. Efforts to improve the performance of the Investment Alert Task Force employees of the financial services authority need to consider the four variables that influence it.

Financialisation, industrial strategy and the challenges of climate change and environmental degradation

ABSTRACT The paper discusses the nature of the present era of financialisation, outlining the changes in the financial sector and its relations with the real sector which are particularly relevant for the climate emergency. The relationship between growth of the financial sector (‘financial development’) and economic growth is reviewed, and the relevant of recent empirical findings for the role of the financial sector in addressing the climate emergency drawn out. It is argued that the policy approach to the climate emergency and environmental degradation should be embedded within an industrial strategy. Further, it is argued that the structures of the financial sector need to be changed to encourage financial institutions which are more favourably disposed towards to the allocation of funds to ‘green investment’. It is also argued that the central bank should act in ways that are supportive of environmental policies but that their role is a rather limited one.

Evaluation and Comparison of Financial Soundness of Islamic and Conventional Private Commercial Banks in Bangladesh: A CAMEL Approach

This article evaluates and compares the financial soundness of Islamic and conventional PCBs operating in Bangladesh based on the CAMEL approach over the period 2015 to 2019. For this purpose, the authors select a sample of 17 Conventional PCBs and 6 Islamic PCBs listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange. In terms of composite CAMEL ratings, none of the banks is found to be strong or satisfactory in financial soundness in 2019. Out of 17 conventional banks, 13 of them are in a fair position i.e. having financial, operational, or compliance weakness and need more than normal supervision and regulation to address the deficiencies. Another 4 conventional banks are in a marginal position means that they are in serious financial problems and need close supervision and regulation. Ranking of conventional banks based on composite CAMEL ratings shows that Brac Bank Ltd. is in top position (Score 2.65) with Bank Asia Ltd. securing second position (score 2.7) while AB Bank Ltd., IFIC Bank Ltd, One Bank Ltd., and Mutual Trust Bank Ltd. are in the worst position with marginal status. Among 6 Islamic banks, 5 are in a fair position and only 1 in a marginal position in 2019. Shahjalal Islami Bank Ltd. secures the top position (Score 2.8) with fair status and Social Islami Bank Ltd. is in the worst position with marginal status. Independent sample test is used to see whether there is any significant difference between Islamic and Conventional PCBs concerning CAMEL parameters. The study finds that except for liquidity there is no significant difference in capital adequacy, asset quality, management quality, and earnings quality. The study also reveals that there is no significant difference in the average CAMEL ratings of two types of Banking. However, on average Islamic banks have better asset quality, management quality while conventional banks have better capital adequacy, earnings, and liquidity.

Fashioning frontiers in artisanal trade: social entrepreneurship and textile production in the Philippine Cordillera

ABSTRACT In the northern upland Philippines, a new group of social entrepreneurs are working with Cordillera weavers to develop innovatively designed but indigenously inspired textiles that respond to the global market for artisanal goods. These social entrepreneurs champion business transparency, quality production, ongoing producer–buyer relationships and community welfare. This article investigates these frontier enterprises in Ifugao and Benguet provinces. I argue that to understand the nuanced dynamics of such contemporary textile production and trade means exploring how artisans and entrepreneurs operationalize work opportunities and negotiate market precarity, given shifts in raw material availability, labour conditions, market demand and the material representation of local cultural identity. I suggest that these interdependent forces keep entrepreneurs and artisans in a reciprocal relationship of trust – but one that experiences periodic ruptures, such as when financial need sees artisans sell to one entrepreneur goods promised to another. To meet changing consumer tastes, artisans and entrepreneurs also refashion any concept of a static ‘authenticity’ by incorporating textile designs that speak both of modernity and local indigenous identity. The cultural turn privileging ethical consumption thus suggests these social initiatives can resolve push-pull tensions to yield an industry for, and more responsive to, artisans’ and consumers’ needs.

Strategic guidelines for the development of UTС finances: implementation of world experience

Introduction. In the context of reforming the system of local self-government and territorial organization of power, the use of world best practices in the context of decentralization and implementation of best foreign practices in shaping the finances of territorial communities and their associations is of paramount importance. Accordingly, a number of important theoretical postulates of domestic financial science need to be reconsidered through the prism of improving existing and developing the latest conceptual approaches to the functioning of the finances of united territorial communities (OTG) using international advances in this area. local development.Purpose. Given the limited theoretical and practical work of domestic scholars on the finances of the united territorial communities, the purpose of the article is to use the best world practices to improve the efficiency of OTG finances.Methods. The methodological basis of the study are general scientific and economic- statistical methods: analysis, synthesis, statistical method - to study the international experience of OTG finance reform; inductions, deductions - to determine the directions of development of OTG finances in Ukraine; abstract-logical, economic-mathematical - for estimating revenues and expenditures of local budgets of OECD countries. Results. The world experience of reforming the finances of territorial communities is considered. In the context of application of the best international practices the directions of development of finance of OTG in Ukraine under modern conditions of carrying out financial decentralization are offered. Estimates of revenues and expenditures of local budgets of OECD countries were assessed, which allowed to determine priorities in revenue generation, expenditure optimization, distribution of powers and functions, as well as the use of new sources to increase the revenue base of local communities and their associations in Ukraine. Discussion. The prospects for further research is to develop a model for optimizing the financing of OTG development in order to ensure the implementation of its own powers and functions.

CONTRIBUTING FACTORS TO ENTREPRENEURIAL ATTRACTIVENESSE

The purpose of this study was to find the contributing factors to entrepreneurial attractiveness. The methodology used in this study were quantitative and qualitative approach. Qualitative approach was used to identify the variables in this study, while the quantitative approach was used to group and categorize the variables into determined factors. Forty-four variables were generated from the interviews and furthermore were constructed into a set of questionnaires. The questionnaire was then distributed and filled out by 158 respondents. The findings of this study showed that there were 12 primary factors namely interest, social environment, opportunity, attitude, commitment, support of close person, financial need, wanting to be rich, networking, care, inspiration, and parents. These factors were recognized in this study as the contributing factors to entrepreneurial attractiveness.
 Keywords: Entrepreneurial Attractiveness, Interest, Social Environment, Opportunity

경제적 필요와 사회적 지지가 직업탐색행동에 미치는 영향 연구 : 핵심자기평가의 조절효과를 중심으로

경제적 필요와 사회적 지지가 직업탐색행동에 미치는 영향 연구 : 핵심자기평가의 조절효과를 중심으로

CONTRIBUTING FACTORS TO ENTREPRENEURIAL ATTRACTIVENESSE

The purpose of this study was to find the contributing factors to entrepreneurial attractiveness. The methodology used in this study were quantitative and qualitative approach. Qualitative approach was used to identify the variables in this study, while the quantitative approach was used to group and categorize the variables into determined factors. Forty-four variables were generated from the interviews and furthermore were constructed into a set of questionnaires. The questionnaire was then distributed and filled out by 158 respondents. The findings of this study showed that there were 12 primary factors namely interest, social environment, opportunity, attitude, commitment, support of close person, financial need, wanting to be rich, networking, care, inspiration, and parents. These factors were recognized in this study as the contributing factors to entrepreneurial attractiveness.
 Keywords: Entrepreneurial Attractiveness, Interest, Social Environment, Opportunity

Improving Access to Banking: Evidence from Kenya*

Abstract We explore the relationship between bank branch expansion, financial inclusion, and profitability for Equity Bank. Unlike traditional banks, including foreign and government owned banks in Kenya, Equity Bank targets less developed territories and less privileged households. Its presence increased financial inclusion by 31% of the adult population between 2006 and 2015, especially for Kenyans who were less educated, did not own their own home, and lived in less-developed areas. The bank’s business model proves to be highly effective, with branch-level profits rising in areas with a smaller number of operating banks. Overall, the growth of Equity Bank demonstrates that financial inclusion can be achieved and sustained through profitable branching and service strategies that also serve the needs of underserved regions and populations. Thus, financial inclusion need not come at the sacrifice of bank profitability.

EXPLORING FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS AS MODERATOR ON NEXUS BETWEEN EXCESS CASH HOLDING AND FIRM’S PERFORMANCE

Proficient working capital administration is getting significant for café firms adapting to frail money related conditions and expanded monetary vulnerability. The study is coordinated on the basis of information of 56 firms in Pakistan gathered over the period of 10 years 2009-2018 to discover the relationship of holding excess cash and firm’s performance in the presence of financial constraints. Two speculations were created for examination, how abundance money holding impact venture and furthermore to inspect the association under the moderation role of financial constraints. Holding of excess cash, income, market to book proportion were taken as self-ruling elements while adventure of complete assets, return on value, return on resources and influence were taken as dependent components and money related necessities, for instance, liquidity was taken as coordinating variable while firm age, firm size and benefit were taken as control factors. The first outcome was that we recognized the speculation that there was a remarkable influence of excess cash holding for financial impediment firms. As the second outcome was, that there was balanced impact of financial need in the affiliation between holding of excess cash in regard with firm’s performance.

Main Needs and Challenges of Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) comprises a group of complex lifelong neurodevelopmental disorders, characterized with symptoms related to the difficulty of communication and interaction with other people, as well as restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. These symptoms affects the person's ability to function properly in school, work, and other areas of life. For better understanding the needs and challenges of families the survey developed by Autism Speaks in collaboration with the National Coordinators for Autism from nine Balkan countries was established. The aim of this research is to obtain an overview of some important data for children with some form of autistic disorder. The same questionnaire was used in two different periods of time (during 2015 and at the beginning of 2020) including samples of 60 and 140 parents respectively. The questionnaire comprises 57 questions in the following four domains: demographic characteristics, index child characteristics, service encounters and parent/caregiver perceptions. Results are compared and discussed. The survey results underscore that parents and families of children with ASD in our country carry a heavy burden. They face significant financial difficulties and need improved services from the health, educational and social sectors. It was concluded that there is a critical need to strengthen national capacity in caring for children, young people and adults with ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders.

Performance Differential between Private and State-owned Enterprises: An Analysis of Profitability and Solvency

ABSTRACT Motivated by the rise of state capitalism, the paper investigates the relationship between ownership identity and the performance of firms in terms of profitability and solvency. Using cross-sectional data covering over 25,000 firms worldwide and by employing various empirical methods, we find robust evidence that state-owned enterprises (SOEs) tend to be less profitable than private-owned enterprises. However, they appear to use debt for their financial need and are, thus, better leveraged. SOEs are also more labor-intensive and have higher labor costs. In addition, an improvement in institutional quality could benefit both SOEs and POEs. Thus, evidence from this study could be interpreted to mean that privatization could improve the performance of public firms; however, this process should come with several prior-privatization approaches. A study over a more extended period is needed before these results can be considered conclusive.

Environmental and financial assessment of façade renovations designed for change: developing optimal scenarios for apartment buildings in Flanders

Renovating buildings can be an important way to reduce the environmental impact of the outdated building stock. In reality the environmental aspect is rarely the sole concern for making renovation decisions and both the environmental and financial aspect need to be taken into account for viable and comprehensive renovation solutions to arise. This paper researches the environmental and financial impact of façade renovation strategies designed for change through life cycle analysis (LCA) and life cycle cost assessment (LCC) respectively. Its goal is to propose a methodology to obtain façade renovation strategies that are optimal from both the environmental and financial viewpoint and to simultaneously highlight the similarities and the differences between an approach based on LCA and on LCC. The methodology composes façade renovation strategies step-by-step by evaluating the design variables of a façade: renovation system, material combination, insulation thickness and window type. Environmental-financial optimal solutions of the design variables are determined using the Pareto front. The eventual Pareto front consists of environmental-financial optimal façade renovations fulfilling the predetermined boundary conditions. The results show that material and construction choices that are both financially and environmentally beneficial can be made. For the environmental impact the operational energy has the largest contribution and energy renovation measures will often be beneficial. For the life cycle cost the investment cost is the most important and energy efficiency measures will only pay off to a certain extent.

The Resting Brain Sets Support-Giving in Motion: Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex Activity During Momentary Rest Primes Supportive Responding.

Humans give support, care, and assistance to others on a daily basis. However, the brain mechanisms that set such supportive behavior in motion are unknown. Based on previous findings demonstrating that activity in a portion of the brain’s default network—the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC)—during brief rest primes social thinking and behavior, momentary fluctuations in this brain region at rest may prime supportive responding. To test this hypothesis, 26 participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while they alternated between deciding whether to give support to a close other in financial need, receive support for themselves, and make arbitrary decisions unrelated to support. Decisions were interleaved with brief periods of rest. Results showed that, within participants, spontaneous activity in the DMPFC during momentary periods of rest primed supportive-responding: greater activity in this region at the onset of a brief period of rest predicted, on a trial-by-trial basis, faster decisions to give support to the close other. Thus, activating the DMPFC as soon as our minds are free from external demands to attention may help individuals “default” to support-giving. Implications for understanding the prosocial functions of the resting brain are discussed.

Art as a Point of Departure for Understanding Student Experience in Learning to Code

Background/Context Computer science has been making its way into K–12 education for some time now. As computer science education has moved into learning spaces, research has focused on teaching computer science skills and principles but has not sufficiently explored the emotional aspects of students’ experiences. This topic warrants further study because learning to code is a complex emotional experience marked by intense periods of success and failure. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study The purpose of our study is to understand how reflecting on and making art might support students’ emotional experience of learning to code. We focus our efforts on students’ experiences with debugging, the process of figuring out how to fix broken code. Our research questions are: How did students reflect on their experiences and emotions in the context of art making about debugging? How did students describe the potential for making art to shape their coding practice? Setting The setting is a two-week computer programming workshop at a non-profit organization focused on computer science education. Population/Participants/Subjects Participants are 5th through 10th grade students attending Title I schools or with demonstrated financial need. Intervention/Program/Practice Students participated in a visual arts class for an hour each day of the two-week workshop, in addition to three coding classes. Research Design Design-based research anchored our study. Data sources included students’ written artist statements, artifact-based interviews about artwork, and in-process conversations with the researcher-teacher leading the art class. We used a storytelling framework to make sense of how elements of our curriculum and instructional design supported student reflections on obstacles in coding, how they talked about debugging events over time, and the range of emotions they expressed feeling. Findings/Results Findings suggest that making and reflecting on art can support students in offering descriptive accounts of learning to code and debug. Students’ stories highlighted the range of ways they experienced failure in coding, the causes of those moments of failure, the flow of events through failure (what was disrupted, how the experience changed over time, and whether it was resolved), and the emotions (about emotions) that framed failure. Moreover, students described the ways that art making shaped their coding practice, including transforming how they understood themselves, set goals, relaxed after a stressful coding class, approached problem solving, and set expectations. Conclusions/Recommendations Our results have implications for the redesign of our intervention and more broadly for the design of learning environments and computer science pedagogy.

Shariah compliant stock exchange: steps required for transformation

Islamization of economy is an important part of Islamic countries’ policy nowadays. After emergence of Islamic financial institutions, the demand and need for Islamization of whole economy has increased. Current methodology for Islamization is to bring required changes in existing economic and financial system.
 This article discusses the required necessary steps for Islamization of a very important institution of an economic system – stock exchange.
 For Islamization of stock exchange six directly related steps are important to begin with. Some other direcly and indirectly related institutions may also be required to adopt these changes being part of capital market.