Financial Health Research Articles

ABSTRACT In our globalised and digital world, accounting is crucial for monitoring an organisation’s financial health amid rapid economic transactions. Integrating advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain and big data enhances accounting by enabling efficient processing and transparent record-keeping. This study, which combines a systematic review and bibliometric analysis of 256 articles, underscores the importance of AI in accounting and finance, highlighting collaboration between technology specialists and accounting professionals as well as the need for transparent AI systems – especially in light of recent developments driven by the rapid expansion and widespread adoption of artificial intelligence in recent years. Nevertheless, the study brings ethical and security challenges to the fore, pointing to the need for adaptive regulation. To remain competitive and sustainable, practitioners must cultivate competencies in emerging technologies.

Purpose The objective of this study is to analyze the long-term impact of globalization on Ecuador’s economic development during the period from 1990 to2021. Design/methodology/approach The techniques of fully modified least squares (FMOLS), dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) and canonical cointegration regression (CCR) were used to assess how globalization, measured by the Konjunkturforschungsstelle (KOF) index, influenced Ecuador’s Human Development Index (HDI). Key control variables such as financial development, health expenditure, gross fixed capital formation, renewable energy and the impact of COVID-19 were included. Findings The results show that globalization has had a positive and significant impact on economic development, aligning with the neoclassical growth theory. Additional findings indicate that financial development, health expenditure and capital formation positively contribute to economic development, whereas renewable energy exhibits non-significant effects and COVID-19 has a negative impact. Originality/value This study contributes to the existing literature by providing updated empirical evidence in the context of a developing country and offers recommendations for future research on the differentiated effects of globalization.

Retirement is a major life transition that introduces various bio-psycho-socio-spiritual challenges, requiring individuals to adapt to new financial, social, and existential realities. While previous studies have examined specific aspects of retirees' needs, a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing retirement adjustment remains limited. This study explores retirees' needs and determinants of adjustment using Bronfenbrenner's ecological model as a guiding framework. This qualitative study employed a directed qualitative content analysis approach, utilizing semi-structured in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 42 key informants. Data were analyzed using Graneheim and Lundman's qualitative content analysis framework, identifying key themes and categories. A total of 152 codes were categorized into Bronfenbrenner's ecological model levels. At the microsystem level, retirees focus on financial stability, health, and social well-being. The mesosystem highlighted the role of family, social groups, and community support. The exosystem involved institutions such as retirement offices, healthcare providers, and media in shaping retirees' experiences. The macrosystem reflected societal norms, economic policies, and cultural expectations influencing adjustment. Finally, the chronosystem captured the impact of life transitions, technological changes, and evolving social roles on long-term adaptation. Few studies using ecological systems theories, such as Bronfenbrenner's model, have explored the interrelationships of determinants at different levels to improve retirees' health, likely due to gaps in understanding the context and methodological approaches. This study paves the way for more systematic and operational research based on an ecological approach by examining the determinants of retirement adjustment and their interrelated relationships across levels.

Access to essential in vitro diagnostics is limited in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). To address this, the World Health Organization introduced the Model List of Essential In Vitro Diagnostics (EDL) in 2018, encouraging member states to develop National Essential Diagnostics Lists (NEDLs). To date, five LMICs-Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, India, Nepal, and Nigeria-have developed NEDLs. However, gaps remain in the objectives of NEDL development, which may undermine their effective use. In this study, we aimed to analyze the objectives of NEDL development through a literature review, elicit potential pathways for achieving these objectives, and develop an assessment framework for defining NEDL objectives and pathways. We analyzed the WHO EDL and NEDL documents and other relevant materials, aligning the objectives mentioned in these documents with a logic model. A provisional assessment framework was then designed and applied to examine stakeholder perspectives on NEDL objectives, which were obtained through key informant interviews in four Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries-Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, and the Philippines-where NEDL initiatives are still in their early stages. Based on these findings, a revised assessment framework was developed. The literature review yielded a provisional assessment framework comprising six domains: procurement, supply chain, laboratory equipment maintenance, quality assurance, regulatory work, and benefit packages. An analysis of stakeholder perspectives in the four ASEAN countries identified potential pathways for achieving the NEDL objectives across these six domains and other aspects. This process resulted in a new seven-domain assessment framework, incorporating key modifications to the provisional framework: "benefit packages" was replaced with "health financing", and "service delivery platform" was added as the seventh domain. The newly developed assessment framework can support high-level officials in initiating NEDL development and promoting its effective use. It can also guide health ministries in selecting NEDL leads and technical committee members and help identify intermediary outcomes for monitoring NEDL operationalization. Although empirical evidence on NEDL outcomes remains limited owing to its early global implementation stage, this study provides valuable insights to support the future development and deployment of NEDLs and strengthen diagnostic systems in LMICs.

This study aims to analyze the effect of Enterprise Risk Management and financial ratios, including liquidity, leverage, and profitability, on the potential for financial distress and its impact on firm value in pharmaceutical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This research uses a quantitative approach, involving data collection and statistical analysis to investigate phenomena and test the relationships between variables in a structured manner, focusing on Enterprise Risk Management, financial ratios, financial health, and firm value. The population of this study consists of 12 (twelve) pharmaceutical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2016–2023. The sample was selected using purposive sampling, comprising 10 (ten) pharmaceutical companies that consistently published their annual and financial reports during the period 2016–2023. Data were collected through documentation and non-participatory observation methods. The secondary data used in this study were obtained from published audited financial and annual reports. The statistical analysis was conducted using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method with Smart Partial Least Squares (PLS), operated through Smart PLS software version 4.1.0.9. The results indicate that Enterprise Risk Management, leverage, and financial distress have a positive and significant effect on firm value. On the other hand, liquidity has a negative and significant effect, while profitability shows a negative but insignificant effect on firm value. Additional findings related to financial distress show that liquidity and profitability have a positive and significant effect on financial distress as proxied by the Z-Score, where a higher Z-Score indicates a lower potential for financial distress.

In the Philippines, where strong family connections and obligations across generations are prevalent, the "sandwich generation" faces the ‎challenge of providing support to both aging parents and dependent children. This research investigated the relationships between financial ‎literacy, financial behavior, self-efficacy, money attitudes, and financial health among 467 adults from the sandwich generation in Batangas ‎Province. Utilizing a descriptive research design and structured questionnaires, the study characterized the respondents and examined the ‎connections between essential financial and psychological variables. The results indicated that the majority of respondents were female, had ‎completed college education, and belonged to the lower-middle-income category, exhibiting high levels of financial literacy (M = 3.28) and ‎self-efficacy (M = 3.35), while displaying only moderate financial behavior and financial health. Regression analysis revealed that financial ‎literacy had a significant impact on financial behavior (R² = .545) and self-efficacy (R² = .492), and together, financial literacy, behavior, and ‎self-efficacy accounted for 57.2% of the variance in financial health. Among these factors, financial behavior had the most substantial influence (B = .445), highlighting the importance of applying knowledge through consistent financial practices. Mediation analyses showed that ‎money attitudes partially mediated the relationships between financial literacy and financial behavior with financial health, but not the connection between self-efficacy and financial health. These findings emphasize the crucial role of behavior and attitudes, in addition to knowledge, ‎in fostering financial resilience. The study concludes that while adults in the Filipino sandwich generation possess financial awareness and ‎confidence, their financial well-being is still at risk due to caregiving demands. Therefore, interventions should incorporate financial education, behavioral support, and culturally appropriate assistance programs to enhance long-term financial health‎.

Malaria research remains severely underfunded despite its global health significance. This paper examines the evolving landscape of malaria research funding, emphasizing public-private partnerships, innovative financing mechanisms, and the role of technology in mobilizing resources. It examines future directions, including engaging new donors, leveraging mobile and web-based fundraising, and enhancing collaboration among researchers, policymakers, and international organizations. Persistent inequities in funding allocation and challenges in sustaining research efforts are discussed. The study underscores the need for diversified funding streams, stronger regional commitments, and evidence-driven communication strategies to sustain progress toward malaria control and eradication. Keywords: Malaria Research, Public-Private Partnerships, Innovative Funding Mechanisms, Donor Engagement and Health Policy and Investment.

BackgroundUniversal health coverage (UHC) is crucial for achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3: Good Health and Well-being. This study projects UHC progress in seven South Asian countries by 2030, focusing on two crucial underpinning components, primary healthcare (PHC) service coverage and financial risk protection.MethodsWe applied Bayesian random-effects models to project UHC indicators linked to PHC and financial risk protection including the Composite Coverage Index, catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) and impoverishing health expenditures. Data were sourced from the WHO Global Health Observatory, Demographic Health Surveys, National Health Surveys and the WHO Global Health Expenditure database. Projections were made from 2000 to 2030, with PHC and government health expenditures as key predictors.ResultsThe analysis showed notable disparities in current and projected service coverage and financial protection across the region. Health service coverage is projected to increase from 53.5% in 2000 to 81.5% by 2030, with Bhutan and Sri Lanka expected to achieve higher levels. However, Afghanistan and Pakistan will likely remain below the SDG target of 80% coverage. Despite progress in coverage, financial protection is a challenge, with CHE expected to rise from 7.2% in 2000 to 18.6% by 2030. Bhutan and Sri Lanka show strong protection measures, while Afghanistan and India will face higher CHE and impoverishment rates due to high out-of-pocket spending.ConclusionThis is the first study to project trends towards UHC in South Asia using Bayesian estimates of both health coverage and financial risk protection. Progress towards UHC requires advances in both service coverage and health financing reform. Although service coverage is improving, financial protection remains insufficient, particularly in rural and conflict-affected areas. Targeted PHC investment, context-sensitive financing reforms and stronger risk-pooling mechanisms are essential—drawing lessons from stable settings (Bhutan, Sri Lanka) to guide strategies in fragile contexts (Afghanistan, Pakistan).

Allocation of the National Institutes of Health funding and burden of disease in 2008–2021 in the United States

Background: In recent years, global commitments to achieving universal health coverage (UHC) have emphasized the critical importance of public health funding. This study aims to explore the relationship between public health expenditure (PHE) and UHC. Methods: The study is based on Grossman’s health production model, which posits that health is a commodity requiring investment. Data for this analysis was sourced from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators and the World Health Organization’s Global Health Expenditure Database, covering 169 countries over a 22-year period from 2000 to 2022. Both fixed and random effect panel regressions were conducted using STATA for the analysis. Results: The findings indicate that per capita domestic health expenditure significantly impacts health outcomes (0.068, 95% CI: 0.0336,0.1038), especially in combating infectious diseases (0.2543, 95% CI: 0.1552,0.3533). Additionally, higher education completion rates are linked to better health outcomes (0.0020, 95% CI: 0.0008,0.0032). The results also suggest that an aging population may require increased resources for managing non-communicable diseases (0.0184%, 95% CI: 0.0121,0.0246) and Service Capacity an access (0.0140, 95% CI: 0.0022,0.0259). Furthermore, higher life expectancy at birth strongly correlates with improved health outcomes across various sectors, marking it as a robust indicator of overall health (0.0339, 95% CI: 0.0226,0.0453). The findings indicate that per capita domestic health expenditure significantly impacts health outcomes, especially in combating infectious diseases. Additionally, higher education completion rates are linked to better health outcomes. The results also suggest that an aging population may require increased resources for managing non-communicable diseases and service capacity an access. Furthermore, higher life expectancy at birth strongly correlates with improved health outcomes across various sectors, marking it as a robust indicator of overall health. Conclusion: Our analysis using fixed effect models revealed significant factors affecting health outcomes in reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH); infectious diseases (ID); non-communicable diseases (NCD); and service capacity and access (SC). Strategic health investments and policies in areas like infectious diseases, where funding directly improves health outcomes, could greatly enhance these results. Our data strongly supports increasing and strategically allocating health expenditure to maximize impact.

Following the multiple accounting and financial scandals that have shaken the American and European stock markets, several measures have ‎been taken by the public authorities to improve financial transparency, ensure the security of savers and investors, and restore confidence in the financial markets. At the organizational level, the Committee on Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway ‎Commission (COSO) has proposed a framework to ensure that assets are protected and that all of the company's activities comply with its ‎policies and procedures.‎ The characteristics of the manager and the company play an important role. This paper seeks to examine the effect of the characteristics of ‎the company and its manager on the effectiveness of internal control. It presents the results of a study carried out on a sample of 36 Moroccan companies listed on the Casablanca Stock Exchange to test the empirical validity of the hypotheses formulated following a literature ‎review. The regression results confirm the positive effect of firm size, age, and financial health as the main characteristics of the firm on the ‎effectiveness of internal control. On the other hand, the effect of manager characteristics remains mixed due to the family nature of listed ‎Moroccan firms‎.

ABSTRACT Objective The purpose of this study is to examine whether an increase in commercial activities among nonprofit human service organizations affects the financial health of the organization. Methods The sample of this study includes 501(c)(3) public charities in the human service sector that filed a Form 990 for each year in the period 2000–2012 ( N = 1471). This study utilized the USA nonprofit financial data accessed from the Internal Revenue Services' Statistics of Income database by the National Center for Charitable Statistics. Latent class growth analysis and latent growth curve analyses were conducted using Mplus 8.0. Results This study found that a dramatic increase in the commercial activity ratio affected a decrease in financial health. When examining the relationship between financial health and commercial revenue, human service nonprofits that increased their commercial activity ratio over 12 years showed a decreasing trajectory of profitability and margin. The implications for nonprofit research and practice were discussed.

Bidirectional, longitudinal associations between finance and health - what comes first? Evidence from middle-aged and older adults in Europe.

This Community Service activity aims to increase community understanding, especiallyamong premarital teenage and adult couples, about the importance of sexual reproductiveeducation and financial management for premarital couples at the Javanese ChristianChurch Jatiluhur Congregation, Jakasampurna, Bekasi, West Java. The program focuseson delivering accurate and comprehensive information regarding reproductive health,biological and psychological changes, the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases, aswell as the importance of maintaining healthy and responsible sexual behavior, along withgood family financial management, which is a crucial foundation for young couplesplanning to get married. It is essential to discuss financial planning before marriage,including aspects such as budgeting, debt management, shared financial goals, andemergency fund preparation. With a deep understanding of financial management, couplescan build a financially stable home life. Themethods used in this activity include interactivecounseling, discussion, and question-and-answer sessions, to ensure that participants gainapplicable and relevant insights for their daily lives, both in terms of sexual reproductivehealth and good and sustainable financial management. The program showed an increasein participants' understanding of the importance of sexual reproductive education and theability to make informed decisions related to reproductive health and responsible financialmanagement sustainably. It is recommended to expand this kind of program to otherchurches as an effort to support the success of marriage holistically. Community Servicehas been carried out at the Central Javanese Christian Church Building, JatiluhurCongregation, Bekasi, West Java.Keywords: financial, pre-marriage, health, reproduction, sexual.

Who pays and what pays off in sexual and reproductive health? A review of the cost and cost-effectiveness of interventions and implications for future funding and markets.

Delivering Nigeria's COP26 commitments on climate and health: health and climate financing needed to match our ambition.

An Indian database for grading wound healing and cross-corpus classification using perturbation-based Explainable AI models.

Non-profit organisations (NPOs) consistently face significant challenges in ensuring their financial sustainability, often operating with limited resources amidst increasing competition and declining donor support. The economic impact of the COVID-19 crisis has further threatened their financial sustainability, leading to anticipated declines in funding and operations. This study aims to descriptively assess the financial sustainability of charity NPOs in Malaysia. Financial sustainability indicates an NPO's ability to remain viable and less financially vulnerable. Employing a cross-sectional empirical examination, data were collected via a survey questionnaire from 159 charity NPOs registered under the Registrar of Societies (ROS) in the Klang Valley area. The results indicate a mixed financial health profile among the charity NPOs. They demonstrated perceived strengths in cost management and administrative cost flexibility, indicating efficient internal financial control and adaptability during challenges. However, significant vulnerabilities were observed in ensuring sustainable and diverse income sources and maintaining a high operating margin, as well as a sufficient equity balance. These findings portray that charity NPOs face persistent challenges to continuously deliver their mission in the long run and struggle to maintain long-term resilience. This study offers empirical evidence on the financial viability and vulnerabilities of charity NPOs in Malaysia, portraying their internal strengths and significant vulnerabilities that influence the organisational sustainability.

Global, regional, and national burden of Chagas disease, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.

Understanding the behavioural drivers behind FinTech (Financial Technology) adoption is essential in accelerating digital financial inclusion, especially in emerging markets. This study examines the effects of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, brand image, financial literacy, financial health, user innovativeness, government support, and attitude on FinTech adoption in Malaysia. Drawing on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as the theoretical foundation, data were collected from 203 experienced FinTech users and analysed using multiple regression techniques. The results show that all variables, except attitude, have a significant and positive influence on adoption, with user innovativeness identified as the strongest predictor. The insignificance of attitude challenges conventional assumptions within acceptance models, suggesting that practical considerations, personal capabilities, and structural enablers may have greater influence than emotional or attitudinal responses in this context. These findings extend current adoption frameworks by incorporating financial and contextual dimensions relevant to emerging markets. The study offers theoretical contributions by refining the understanding of user behaviour in digital finance and highlights the need for FinTech solutions that prioritise functionality, trust, and accessibility. Practically, the results provide actionable insights for FinTech developers, regulators, and policymakers to design targeted strategies that drive inclusive adoption and enhance financial empowerment across diverse user segments in Malaysia.