This study examines the readiness of accountants in implementing the Financial Accounting Standards for Private Entities (SAK EP) at the Ponuwa Cooperative of Gorontalo State University using a descriptive qualitative approach through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The results show that the cooperative is administratively ready to prepare financial statements in the form of Business Income (PHU), capital change reports, and balance sheets in accordance with the SAK EP, which is mandatory under Permenkop UKM No. 2 of 2024. Accountants have accounting competencies and practical experience, supported by local IT systems and Excel, as well as internal supervision from supervisory bodies and university facilities. The main obstacles include uncollectible receivables due to double borrowing by members and a tax system based on the previous year's PHU. Overall, the implementation of SAK EP has effectively improved the transparency and accountability of small savings and loan cooperative financial management.

The agricultural sector is an industrial sector that supports food security in Indonesia. Global disasters like COVID-19 are examples of how strong food security can help a country address consumer demand for goods. Palm oil plantations are a subsector of the agricultural sector. Overall, by 2025, the financial performance growth of palm oil plantation companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) is expected to have a positive impact and contribute to state revenue through tax collection. The same treatment as in other industrial business sectors, that palm oil plantation industry companies in carrying out their bookkeeping administration are also guided by the same accounting standards, namely the Indonesian Financial Accounting Standards. Business processes in palm oil plantation industry companies go through the stages of licensing, land clearing, nursery, new planting, maintenance of immature plants, maintenance of mature plants, processing of palm fruit from the plantation and sales of crude oil (CPO) and palm kernel (PK) products. The acquisition cost of fixed assets for productive plants is the accumulation of all costs capitalized at each stage up to the productive-immature plant phase. Furthermore, the accumulation of all costs capitalized at the immature plant phase is carried out by a reclassification journal from productive-immature plants to productive-mature plants when they have been declared productive plants and are ready for harvest. In general, the taxation aspects regulated in the tax provisions and regulations applicable in Indonesia include Income Tax Article 21, Income Tax Article 22, Income Tax Article 23, Annual Corporate Income Tax, Value Added Tax. Keywords: Fixed Assets of Immature – Bearer Plants, Fixed Assets of Mature – Bearer Plants, Income Tax and Value Added Tax.

Transparent and accountable village financial management is one of the important indicators in realizing good village governance. The government has established the Village Financial Accounting Standards (SAKD) as guidelines for the preparation and presentation of village financial reports. However, in practice, the implementation of SAKD still faces various challenges, particularly those related to the competence of village officials as financial managers. This study aims to analyze the effect of village officials’ competence on the implementation of the Village Financial Accounting Standards (SAKD) in Poka Village. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. Data were collected through the distribution of questionnaires to all village officials directly involved in village financial management using a saturated sampling technique. The independent variable in this study is the competence of village officials, which includes technical, managerial, and conceptual competencies, while the dependent variable is the implementation of SAKD. Data were analyzed using linear regression analysis with the assistance of statistical software. The results of the study indicate that the competence of village officials has a positive and significant effect on the implementation of SAKD in Poka Village. These findings suggest that improving the competence of village officials can encourage more optimal implementation of SAKD and enhance the quality of village financial management and reporting in a sustainable manner, thereby supporting public transparency and accountability as well as more effective and responsible village financial decision-making by the village government and stakeholders.

Cooperatives as economic entities based on the principle of mutual cooperation are required to prepare financial statements that are accurate, transparent, and accountable to their members. The Financial Accounting Standards for Entities Without Public Accountability (SAK ETAP) serve as the main guideline for cooperatives in presenting high-quality financial reports. This study aims to analyze the implementation of SAK ETAP in the preparation of financial statements at Koperasi Kasih Indonesia and to assess its compliance with applicable accounting standards. This research employs a qualitative approach using a literature study method and secondary data analysis, including cooperative financial statements and supporting documents. The results indicate that Koperasi Kasih Indonesia has implemented SAK ETAP; however, the implementation has not been fully compliant with the standard requirements. This is evidenced by the absence of Notes to the Financial Statements, inconsistencies in the naming and presentation of certain financial statement items, and incomplete fulfillment of the required financial statement components under SAK ETAP. Nevertheless, the balance sheet, income statement, statement of changes in equity, and cash flow statement have largely been prepared in accordance with SAK ETAP provisions.

Business development in Indonesia is currently growing rapidly. One of the business sectors experiencing significant growth is Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises. Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises have been proven to drive and increase national economic growth sustainably. Their substantial contribution includes job creation, labor absorption, and especially acting as a buffer during times of economic crisis. In an effort to support Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises in fulfilling their financial reporting needs, the Financial Accounting Standards Board of Institute of Indonesia Chartered Accountants has developed accounting standards tailored to the characteristics and needs of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises by introducing a financial reporting standard that promotes their advancement in Indonesia. The Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small, and Medium Entities is designed with simplified principles to be easily implemented by Micro, Small, and Medium Entities that do not have public accountability. This standard requires only three main components in the financial statements: the statement of financial position, the income statements, and notes to the financial statements. The results of the study show that PT. Ajib Darkah Indonesia has not implemented Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small, and Medium Entities in preparing financial statements and its financial record-keeping is still conducted in a simple manner. Keywords: SAK EMKM, Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises, Financial Statements

ABSTRACT The development of Islamic banking in Indonesia has led to the increasing use of sharia-compliant financial instruments, particularly sukuk, both as investment instruments and funding sources. Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI), as the largest Islamic bank in Indonesia, plays a strategic role in managing and reporting sukuk, making compliance with Sharia Financial Accounting Standards essential. This study aims to analyze the presentation and disclosure of sukuk in the financial statements of Bank Syariah Indonesia and to assess their conformity with Sharia Accounting Standards, particularly PSAK 110 on Sukuk Accounting. This research adopts a descriptive qualitative approach using documentation and literature review methods. Data were collected from BSI’s publicly available financial statements and annual reports and analyzed using content analysis based on the provisions of PSAK 110. The findings indicate that BSI has systematically presented sukuk as part of securities held and securities issued, while sukuk returns have been recognized in the income statement in accordance with the underlying contracts. Overall, the practices related to recognition, measurement, and presentation of sukuk are largely consistent with PSAK 110. However, the disclosure of sukuk information in the Notes to the Financial Statements remains relatively general, particularly regarding contract structures, underlying assets, fair value measurement methods, and associated risks. These results suggest opportunities to enhance the depth and transparency of sukuk disclosures in order to improve the quality of Islamic financial reporting.

The research examines the execution of financial alignment in assessing the corporate income tax owed at PT. Dharma Tbk for the 2022 fiscal year. Fiscal reconciliation is required due to discrepancies in the evaluation of gains and expenses among the Financial Accounting Standards (SAK) and prevailing tax regulations, which give rise to permanent and temporary differences that affect taxable income. Using a qualitative descriptive approach along with case studies, this analysis explores commercial financial statements, fiscal reconciliation reports, and relevant financial documentation issued by the company. The findings indicate that the firm has prepared its commercial financial statements in line with SAK and has appropriately recognized tax implications, including tax benefits and obligations. The fiscal reconciliation process conducted by the company includes a negative correction to interest income subject to final income tax and a positive correction to depreciation expenses arising from differences in useful life based on tax legislation. Following these adjustments, fiscal profit increased from Rp. 29.768.019.322 to Rp. 29.619.951.643, resulting in a corporate income tax liability of Rp. 7.404.987.911. Overall, this study underscores the essential role of fiscal reconciliation in ensuring tax compliance, enhancing the accuracy of taxable income determination, and supporting transparent financial reporting for corporate taxpayers.

Cooperatives play a significant role in Indonesia’s economic system because they aim to enhance member welfare through collective ownership and cooperative principles. To maintain accountability, cooperatives are required to prepare financial reports following the Financial Accounting Standards for Entities Without Public Accountability (SAK ETAP). This study examines how SAK ETAP is applied in the financial reporting practices of Koperasi Simpan Pinjam (KSP) Mandiri Sejahtera, Comal Branch. Using a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach, data were gathered through interviews and an analysis of the 2022 financial statements. The results indicate that although the cooperative has implemented several elements of SAK ETAP, full compliance has not been achieved due to limited human resources and the absence of an integrated reporting system. Nevertheless, the preparation of PPAP reports reflects prudence in managing credit risk and highlights the need for digital systems and improved accounting skills to strengthen transparent and accountable financial management.

This study was motivated by the fact that many micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) have not yet prepared financial statements in accordance with applicable accounting standards due to limited knowledge and resources, as seen in the case of the Kerupuk Spesial Tamban business in Sei Lekop, Bintan Regency, which still uses simple bookkeeping that does not comply with the Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small, and Medium Entities (SAK EMKM). This study aimed to prepare financial statements for the Kerupuk Spesial Tamban business in accordance with SAK EMKM, identify shortcomings in the existing accounting system, and formulate recommendations to improve the quality of financial reporting in order to support business development. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through interviews, observation, and documentation related to production activities, costs, and financial transactions, which were subsequently analyzed through data reconciliation into the SAK EMKM format, including the statement of financial position, income statement, and notes to the financial statements. The findings show that the application of SAK EMKM produced more systematic, accurate, and informative financial statements, with a positive financial position indicated by assets exceeding liabilities and a significant net profit after adjustments. The preparation of SAK EMKM-based financial statements enhanced transparency and accountability, facilitated operational decision-making, and opened opportunities for access to financing, although full implementation remains constrained by limited human resources. The study concludes that the application of SAK EMKM contributes to improving the quality of financial reporting for MSMEs and recommends consistent daily bookkeeping and the strengthening of business owners’ accounting capacity to ensure business sustainability and growth.

This study presents a critical analysis of the implementation of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (PSAK) 221 regarding the Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates, which is a substantive adoption of IAS 21 and replaces the previous provisions in PSAK 10. Given the increasing exposure of Indonesian entities to exchange rate fluctuation risks, compliance with PSAK 221 is important to ensure the transparency and relevance of financial statements. This study aims to analyze the technical provisions of PSAK 221 related to the definition, recognition, measurement, and presentation of foreign exchange transactions and the description of overseas business activities, and to evaluate the effect of accounting treatment of exchange differences—transactional exchange differences (recognized in Profit or Loss) versus translation exchange differences (recognized in Other Comprehensive Income/OCI)—on net profit volatility and the informative value of financial statements. The method used is a descriptive qualitative case study based on document analysis (analysis of accounting policies and Notes to the Financial Statements of entities with significant foreign currency exposure, for the period 2023–2024). The main findings show that PSAK 221 reinforces the determination of functional currency and requires the separation of exchange rate differences based on their source, which in turn improves the quality and informative value of profit while changing the pattern of profit volatility. The contribution of this research is a more detailed technical interpretation and analysis of strategic implications.

Cooperatives in Indonesia play a strategic role in national economic development, particularly in promoting rural economic growth and job creation. However, many cooperatives still face serious challenges in terms of governance, transparency, and financial accountability. Based on 2024 data, around 40% of the 131,617 cooperatives in Indonesia are inactive or face administrative and financial problems. These issues highlight the importance of implementing financial reporting systems that comply with applicable accounting standards. Since the issuance of the Regulation of the Minister of Cooperatives and SMEs No. 2 of 2024, all cooperatives are required to prepare financial statements based on the Financial Accounting Standards for Private Entities (SAK EP) starting January 1, 2025. This study aims to design a web-based Accounting Information System (AIS) prototype to support the implementation of SAK EP at Koperasi Syariah Nurul Amal Bandung. The research employs the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) approach using the Waterfall model, consisting of the stages of requirement analysis, system design, implementation, and testing. The results of this study produce a web-based AIS prototype consisting of transaction, general journal, ledger, and financial report modules in accordance with the SAK EP format. The implementation of this prototype is expected to improve the efficiency, transparency, and financial accountability of cooperatives, thereby supporting good governance in line with sharia principles and the latest accounting standards.

This paper examines the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (FASB) recent changes to define crypto assets, focusing on why non-fungible tokens (NFTs), utility tokens and asset-backed tokens (ABTs) were not included. By examining the core features of these excluded assets, the research unpacks the reasoning behind their omission. The absence of these assets from the standard definition creates challenges for financial institutions. Without clear accounting guidance, companies face uncertainty in valuation, liquidity risk and difficulty meeting compliance requirements. Risk managers are left guessing how to assess and report these holdings. This has an impact on everything from disclosures to capital planning. The findings highlight a critical need for accounting standards that keep pace with the complexity and growth of digital assets. Institutions may misprice assets, misjudge exposure and fall short of regulatory expectations without up-to-date guidance. This article is also included in The Business & Management Collection which can be accessed at https://hstalks.com/business/.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are an essential sector in Indonesia’s economy, playing a major role in economic growth and employment. However, most MSME owners still face challenges in preparing financial statements in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small, and Medium Entities (SAK-EMKM). One such enterprise is Toko Jaya Mart, located in Gading Jaya Village, Mukomuko Regency, which still records transactions manually and in an unstructured manner. This study aims to analyze the process of preparing financial statements at Toko Jaya Mart and assess their compliance with SAK-EMKM. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show that before implementing SAK-EMKM, Toko Jaya Mart had not yet separated assets, liabilities, income, and operating expenses. After adjustments were made, the financial statements were prepared in accordance with SAK-EMKM, including the Statement of Financial Position, Income Statement, and Notes to the Financial Statements. Nevertheless, there are still shortcomings, particularly in preparing the notes to the financial statements and in the owner’s understanding of accounting. Overall, the implementation of SAK-EMKM has improved the regularity and transparency of the business’s financial reporting.

The objective of this research is to prepare the financial statements of Yayasan Wakaf Royatul Islam in accordance with generally accepted accounting standards. The foundation is classified as a non-profit entity whose primary purpose is not to generate profit (non-profit-oriented entity). The preparation of the financial statements is based on the Indonesian Financial Accounting Standards for Private Entities (SAK EP), and for non-profit entities, the presentation guidelines are regulated under the Interpretation of Financial Accounting Standards (ISAK) No. 335. The financial statements consist of the statement of financial position, statement of comprehensive income, statement of changes in net assets, statement of cash flows, and notes to the financial statements. The researcher selected Yayasan Wakaf Royatul Islam as the object of the study. This foundation was chosen because it has not yet prepared its financial statements in accordance with the applicable standards, namely the Private Entity Standards and ISAK No. 335. The research data were obtained through interviews and document reviews. In preparing the financial statements, the researcher used Microsoft Excel as a tool to facilitate transaction recording, enabling the generation of financial statements in accordance with ISAK No. 335, which governs non-profit entities.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of Financial Accounting Standards for Entities Without Public Accountability (SAK ETAP) in the financial management of the Santong Jaya Village-Owned Enterprise (BUMDesa Santong Jaya) in Santong Village, Kayangan District, North Lombok Regency. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with the BUMDesa director, treasurer, business unit managers, and village government, as well as observation and documentation of financial reports. The study's results indicate that SAK ETAP implementation in BUMDesa Santong Jaya is still not optimal. The financial reports presented are not complete according to SAK ETAP standards, which require a balance sheet, income statement, statement of changes in equity, cash flow statement, and notes to the financial statements. The main obstacles include limited human resource competency in the field of accounting, a recording system that is not fully digital, and minimal ongoing training. This study recommends increasing the capacity of BUMDesa's human resources through SAK ETAP-based accounting training, development of a digital financial recording system, preparation of standardized financial SOPs, and ongoing mentoring from the local government or academics. Optimal implementation of SAK ETAP will increase transparency, accountability, and the quality of BUMDesa's financial information as a basis for strategic decisionmaking

This community service activity aims to enhance the knowledge and skills of clients and partners in using e-forms for filing Annual Tax Returns (SPT) for corporations. The methods used include lectures, hands-on practice, and discussions. The target audience for this e-form assistance comprises the clients and partners of PT. Infinity General Consulting. The program was conducted over a single day with the support of all employees/staff of PT. Infinity General Consulting. The e-form application is user-friendly, and its output is the Corporate Annual Tax Return for the reporting year. Similarly, the assistance extends to the preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting standards, particularly the financial accounting standards for MSMEs (Micro, Small, and Medium Entities).Due to time constraints, some clients from the partners still struggle to fully understand the application of the e-form. Therefore, our Community Service Team has created a module and handbook detailing the step-by-step process of filling out the e-form, from the beginning to generating the desired Corporate Annual Tax Return and financial statements. To facilitate communication, the team offers ongoing assistance by providing contact information for the Community Service Team

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) standards on income smoothing perspective in the Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) operating in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries, with a comparative analysis of the outcomes under AAOIFI standards versus those under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Design/methodology/approach The authors used the General Least Square regression on a panel data of 35 IFIs from six countries from 2013 to 2018. Data was collected from the BankScope database, annual reports of the selected IFIs and the World Bank databases. Findings The authors find a significant positive connection between intentional income smoothing and the levels of earning persistence and cash-flow predictability. The implementation of the AAOIFI accounting standards has a detrimental impact on intentional income smoothing and persistence of earnings. The level of income smoothing efficiency is lower among IFIs that adhered to the Financial Accounting Standards (FASs) issued by AAOIFI in contrast to those that adopt IFRSs issued by the IASB. Practical implications The results of this study carry significant implications for reporting practices, reporting standards and trust toward IFIs operating globally. This research offers interesting avenues for IFI managers who try to attract more investors especially when AAOIFI accounting and auditing standards are a signal of higher earnings quality. The results can be expedient guidance to the external auditor concerning the choice of the auditing standards of the IFIs. Originality/value This is an attempt in comparing AAOIFI with IFRS standards and their impact on income smoothing efficiency. The results accentuate the importance of establishing specific standards to improve the pertinence of financial reports disclosed by the IFIs. The authors highlight that IFRSs are insufficient to guide IFI operations and AAOIFI accounting standards are needed to cater to the uniqueness of IFIs.

The revision of financial accounting standards in Indonesia demonstrates an effort to maintain transparency and conformity with global practices. This study aims to analyze the evolution and implementation of Statements of Financial Accounting Standards, relating to employee compensation, particularly the transition from Statements of Financial Accounting Standards 18 to 226 and from Statements of Financial Accounting Standards 24 to 219. The method applied is desk research of literature, regulations, and updates released by the Indonesian Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB IAI). The research findings indicate that these Statements of Financial Accounting Standards revisions aim to improve the relevance, accuracy, and comparability of financial statements, particularly regarding the disclosure of pension obligations and benefits. Statements of Financial Accounting Standards 226 offers more comprehensive guidance on reporting pension benefit plans, while Statements of Financial Accounting Standards 219 highlights the importance of transparency in the recognition and valuation of employee benefits. These updates lead to improvements in the quality of financial reporting, but also require companies to adjust their accounting systems, strengthen collaboration with actuaries, and enhance human resource capacity in the accounting sector. Overall, the revision of Statements of Financial Accounting Standards on employee benefits is a crucial step towards improving the accountability and reliability of financial statements in Indonesia.

The Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are one of the financial standards established to facilitate the preparation and presentation of simpler and more understandable financial reports for investors and creditors to provide financing assistance to MSME entrepreneurs. This condition occurred at the Trubus Karya Print Shop, a used printer service and trading business. This TKP Shop has been established for a long time and has adequate business activities, but has not been able to properly implement the EMKM SAK. This background is interesting to study related to the implementation of the EMKM SAK. This EMKM SAK consists of three components: the statement of financial position, the income statement, and notes to the financial statements. The results of observations during this community service showed that the financial system at the TKP Shop was recorded manually and was still very simple. The reason for making simple records was because the owner still did not understand how to prepare financial reports in accordance with standards and due to time constraints, so that preparing financial reports in accordance with the EMKM SAK has not yet been implemented. The results of the training and creation of this accounting system are expected to provide financial information for the TKP Shop owner.

This study examines how the profit-sharing system is implemented in the Easy Mudharabah Savings product at Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) Cimahi Branch Office in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (PSAK) 405 about Mudharabah Accounting. This study combined field observation and literature review in a descriptive qualitative manner. Interviews, documents, and literature reviews on the National Sharia Council's (DSN-MUI) fatwa on the mudharabah contract were used to gather the data. The findings demonstrate that the Easy Mudharabah Savings program at the BSI Cimahi Branch has been appropriately and sharia-compliantly executed in conformity with PSAK 405 regulations. Customer deposits, as opposed to the bank's permanent liabilities, are recorded as Temporary Syirkah Funds. Based on the agreed-upon nisbah and the average daily balances of the clients, the profit-sharing method is used to calculate the profit-sharing. Furthermore, PSAK 405 is followed in the presentation and disclosure of financial statements, while there is still opportunity to further customer information transparency. All things considered, the results of this study show that the Islamic banking profit-sharing system's implementation of PSAK 405 upholds the values of equity, cooperation, and openness.