MnOx media and biologically formed MnOx on sand surface from Mn(II) oxidation significantly promote dissolved aluminum removal in filtration systems.

A novel technique for preventing distal embolism during endovascular therapy for femoropopliteal lesions: The flow-controlled anti-embolic technique.

Ultrafast antibiotic resistance removal from water via activation of low-dose percarbonate by bismuth oxyiodide with optimal Bi3-oxygen vacancy sites.

• Indirect cascading Natech events from volcanic ashes are addressed • A model to estimate filtration system clogging from volcanic ash is developed • A matrix to evaluate air intake systems vulnerability to volcanic ash is proposed • Facilitating evaluations for preventive planning and real-time decision-making • A Monte Carlo approach is proposed for the quantitative assessment of risk due to filter clogging Among other consequences of volcanic activity, recent events confirmed that the hazards caused by volcanic ash have a potential impact also at relevant distances from the emission point. The fallout of volcanic ashes may affect several utilities and services at industrial sites, potentially causing Natech events with relevant end-point consequences, e.g., operational failures, business interruption, and environmental contamination. The present study focuses on the vulnerability of process and instrument air intake utility systems to volcanic ash. A detailed model, based on an in-depth characterization of ash properties, is developed to provide accurate time to clogging estimations under varying conditions. A surrogate model is also proposed to enable a real-time assessment using a limited set of input parameters, supporting both preventive planning and real-time decision-making in emergency management. A tailored risk matrix is developed to provide a scenario-specific vulnerability ranking of critical utilities due to volcanic ash accumulation. A novel quantitative approach for the assessment of risk due to filter clogging has also been developed to support the management of the vulnerabilities and critical scenarios identified by the matrix screening. The analysis of test cases confirmed the value of the novel approach in supporting risk management and resilience against volcanic hazards, aimed at the mitigation of operational disruptions and/or more severe process safety accidents.

From phosphate removal to slow-release fertilizer: A closed-loop strategy enabled by Fe-BTC@sponge continuous-flow system.

Method and mechanism for enhancing the service life of a two-stage filtration system based on intermittent vibration

Artificial intelligence enabled fouling prediction and effect of adsorbent sources in submerged fluidized bed ceramic membrane reactor for food industry wastewater treatment.

Hybrid powdered adsorbent-spring filter system for rapid boron removal from water

In tropical peatland regions, direct chlorination of peat water is a common household practice to improve clarity and ensure microbial safety. However, this simple treatment can produce toxic disinfection by-products (DBPs) due to the high organic matter and acidity of peat water. This perspective examines the dual nature of chlorination-its effectiveness in removing bacteria and reducing color, versus its role in generating hazardous halogenated compounds. Chlorine reacts with humic and fulvic substances, yielding trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, and other DBPs with mutagenic and carcinogenic potential. In the absence of controlled dosing and residual monitoring, households often use excessive chlorine, allowing prolonged reactions and increasing DBP concentrations. Field observations in Indonesian peatland communities indicate that chlorination is typically guided by visual cues rather than quantitative control, leading to a false sense of safety. The paper highlights the urgent need for risk awareness, simple pre-treatment steps to remove precursors, and practical dosing guidance to balance microbial and chemical safety. Future efforts should emphasize locally appropriate technologies such as biochar filtration, natural coagulants, or hybrid UV-chlorination systems. Ensuring safe drinking water for peatland populations requires integrating scientific understanding, community education, and policy action to reduce DBP exposure without compromising microbial protection.

Removal of arsenic and heavy metals from soil-washing effluents of contaminated mine sites using a novel Fe-assisted electrodeposition approach, amino-functionalized magnetic biochar, and chitosan-based column filtration systems.

The efficient dynamic capture of radioiodine from nuclear off-gas is of great importance for nuclear safety and environmental protection. However, the limited dynamic iodine capture capacity, primarily due to insufficient mass transfer and the sluggish adsorption kinetics, remains a critical challenge for existing iodine adsorbents. Herein, we present a facile strategy to construct hyperbranched polyethylenimine-segmented silica aerogels (HPEI-SAs) for the efficient capture of volatile iodine. HPEI-SA is synthesized via siloxane hydrolysis and epoxy-amine curing between 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and hyperbranched polyethylenimine, yielding a macroporous silica framework (pore size >30 μm) with a low bulk density of 0.20 g/cm3. The incorporated hyperbranched polyethylenimine segments provide a high density of amine binding sites, enabling exceptional uptake capacities of 6.0 g/g for gaseous iodine and 4.7 g/g for dissolved iodine. Notably, the synergy of abundant active sites and the macroporous architecture affords a record-high dynamic iodine capture capacity of 3.7 g/g. In addition, HPEI-SA combines low production cost (∼$83.5/kg), excellent processability, and high thermal stability, underscoring its strong potential for deployment in practical iodine filtration systems. This preparation strategy for constructing a predominantly macroporous structure with a high density of active sites provides valuable insights into the design of advanced materials for volatile pollutant removal.

A field-deployable immunofluorescence chip for adenovirus monitoring in groundwater systems.

Efficiently treating complex water matrices containing multiple micropollutants remains a major challenge in advanced water purification. Here, we developed a carbon nanotube-nickel Janus reaction-zone membrane (JRM) via chemical vapor deposition to enable sequential activation of nonradical pathways by spatially separated reaction zones. Sequential utilization of 1O2 in the Ni-layer reaction zone and direct electron transfer (DET) in the CNT-layer reaction zone was achieved for the selective and efficient degradation of multiple micropollutants. The JRM/PMS catalytic filtration system exhibited remarkable robustness toward mixtures of antibiotics and phenolic pollutants, achieving 100% removal of phenol (Ph) and 93.7% removal of oxytetracycline (OTC) in complex water matrices. A sequential two-stage degradation mechanism was elucidated through intermediate product analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In the first stage, DET-mediated oxidation in the CNT-layer reaction zone selectively attacked the phenolic hydroxyl group of Ph, driving dehydrogenation and generating phenoxyl radicals, with fused-ring compounds identified as key intermediates. In the second stage, 1O2 in the Ni-layer reaction zone preferentially targeted the hydroxyl group on the benzene ring of the OTC with the highest electrophilic Fukui index, initiating degradation through dehydroxylation and decarbonization. DFT calculations further corroborated the sequential DET and 1O2 oxidation pathways, showing thermodynamically favorable degradation of Ph and OTC with energy releases of 1.52 eV for Ph and 5.57 eV for OTC. Overall, this study establishes a Janus reaction-zone strategy on an inorganic membrane interface, enabling the selective and efficient removal of multiple pollutants and providing insight into guiding the design of catalytic membranes toward complex water matrices.

Integration of poliovirus and enteropathogen sewage surveillance in Dhaka Bangladesh: a longitudinal surveillance study, June 2019-June 2020.

Air pollution has drawn increasing attention. The channel-type structure, as an ideal energy-saving and resistance-reducing strategy for air filters, can effectively lower filtration resistance. However, current commercial channel-type filters generally exhibit only medium or low filtration efficiency, and the use of plant fibers as raw material limits their application in high-efficiency filters. In this study, high-efficiency glass fiber filter paper was combined with a channel-type structure, and the formulation and processing techniques suitable for the channel-type design were systematically investigated, leading to the fabrication of channel-type high-efficiency filters. The optimal formulation was determined to be a blend of glass wool fibers and 6 mm Tencel fibers in a 6:4 ratio, coated with a thermosetting resin, which yielded filter paper suitable for wave-pleating. The resulting filter paper demonstrated a filtration efficiency of 99.9624%, a pressure drop of 265.6 Pa, and a pleat aspect ratio of 0.209. Using this formulation, pilot-scale filter paper was produced and wave-pleated under processing conditions including a roller speed of 5 m/min, a roller gap of 0.4 mm, and a roller temperature of 160 °C, which was then used to fabricate channel-type high-efficiency filters. The finished channel-type filters achieved a filtration efficiency of 99.9940% with a pressure drop of 164.0 Pa. Compared to traditional pleated filters of the same volume and efficiency rating, the channel-type filter exhibited a 49.53% larger filtration area, a 33.13% lower face velocity, and a 31.67% reduction in pressure drop. This work offers a novel approach to reducing resistance and enhancing efficiency in air filtration systems.

Illegal artisanal gold mining in Zamfara State, Nigeria, has resulted in severe environmental contamination and widespread exposure to toxic heavy metals, particularly lead (Pb). This study presents the design, optimization, and evaluation of a low-cost sand–charcoal–gravel filtration system for the remediation of contaminated water in affected communities. Water samples were collected from six mining sites and analyzed for heavy metal concentrations before and after filtration using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA), were employed to assess filtration performance. The system achieved significant reductions (p < 0.05) in multiple heavy metals. Iron concentrations decreased from 3.619 to 1.805 mg/L and from 3.457 to 1.627 mg/L in highly contaminated sites, while manganese levels were reduced from 0.876 to 0.211 mg/L, meeting the World Health Organization (WHO) limit of 0.4 mg/L after treatment. Cadmium concentrations declined markedly from 0.97 to 0.043 mg/L and from 0.59 to 0.041 mg/L, although still exceeding the WHO guideline of 0.003 mg/L. Similarly, chromium and nickel were reduced from 0.687 to 0.373 mg/L and from 0.822 to 0.419 mg/L, respectively. Lead, the most critical contaminant, decreased from 16.876 to 11.876 mg/L and from 13.262 to 10.267 mg/L across sites; however, post-filtration concentrations remained above the WHO permissible limit (10 mg/L) in most cases. These results demonstrate that the sand–charcoal–gravel filtration system is an effective and affordable approach for reducing heavy metal contamination in water from artisanal mining communities. Nevertheless, the persistence of elevated lead levels highlights the need for further optimization, including improved adsorbent materials or multi-stage filtration systems. This study provides a practical foundation for developing scalable, low-cost water treatment solutions in resource-constrained environments.

The food processing sector in the Bikaner zone of Rajasthan, known for its extensive production of snacks, dairy products, and sweets, generates significant volumes of wastewater with varying physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. This study investigates the wastewater profiles from prominent food grade industries in the region, focusing on parameters such as pH, BOD, COD, TSS, oil & grease, and nutrient load (N & P). The findings indicate a high organic load and considerable recoverable resources, including energy (via biogas), water (through advanced treatment and reuse), and nutrients (for compost or bio-fertilizers). With growing emphasis on sustainable industrial practices, the research explores resource recovery technologies such as anaerobic digestion, membrane filtration, and nutrient recovery systems. The paper proposes an integrated wastewater management framework tailored to the Bikaner food industry ecosystem, highlighting potential environmental benefits, economic viability, and policy recommendations for circular economy adoption in the region.

This study is motivated by the high concentration of nutrients, particularly ammonium (NH₄⁺) and phosphate (PO₄³⁻), in domestic wastewater, which can lead to eutrophication if not properly treated. The objective of this research is to analyze the hydraulic characteristics and filtration performance of biochar media in a two-compartment filtration system for domestic wastewater treatment. The study was conducted experimentally using a laboratory-scale filtration unit with effective dimensions of 200 mm × 200 mm and a media height of 700 mm. The system was operated under continuous flow conditions at a discharge rate of 50 L/h for 3 hours per day. The analyzed parameters included filtration effectiveness duration, bed volume (BV), head loss, permeability coefficient (K), and hydraulic retention time (HRT), as well as the removal efficiency of ammonium and phosphate, measured using spectrophotometric methods. The results showed that the filtration effectiveness duration reached 28.17 hours, with a total treated water volume of 1.4083 m³, equivalent to 66.45 BV. The head loss value of 0.50 m remained relatively stable throughout the operation, indicating no significant clogging of the media. The permeability coefficient of 3.12 × 10⁻⁴ m/s indicates moderate to high permeability, with an HRT ranging from 21 to 25 minutes. The biochar media achieved ammonium removal efficiencies of 65–75% and significantly reduced phosphate concentrations, with the highest efficiency observed at the initial stage before declining due to media saturation.

The increasing concentration of ammonium (NH4+) in domestic wastewater contributes to eutrophication, depletion of dissolved oxygen, and disruption of aquatic ecosystem balance. Continuous treatment systems often face operational stability challenges due to fluctuations in flow rate and pollutant loading, thereby requiring filtration technologies that are both effective and hydraulically stable. This study aimed to analyze the filtration characteristics and ammonium adsorption efficiency of an upflow Mg2+-activated biochar filter system arranged in four serial compartments. Wood-based biochar was chemically modified using a 4.2 g/L MgCl2.6H2O solution for 70 minutes. The system was operated continuously for six days at a constant flow rate of 100 mL/min using domestic wastewater with ammonium concentrations ranging from 27.74 to 42.73 mg/L. The results showed a head loss of 0.0267 m per compartment and a total of 0.1068 m, indicating stable hydraulic conditions without significant clogging. The average hydraulic retention time (HRT) was 1.79 hours per compartment (9.78 hours total), providing adequate contact time for adsorption. Ammonium adsorption efficiency reached 94.28–96.53% and increased progressively across the compartments. It can be concluded that the Mg2+-activated biochar filter system demonstrated favorable hydraulic performance and high ammonium adsorption efficiency under continuous operation.

Evaluation of Novel Filtration System Utilizing Biochar, Zero-Valent Iron, and White Rot Fungi to Inhibit Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria, Viruses, and Protozoan Parasites.