Film-forming Research Articles

A novel sulfur-based fiber carrier fixed-bed reactor for nitrate-contaminated wastewater treatment: Performance, operational characteristics and cold-tolerant mechanism

In the view of the serious prejudice of nitrates, sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification filter (SADF) has been widely used for deep nitrate removal from electron-donor-deficient water. However, it faces many challenges like slow start-up, reliance on backwashing, and poor low-temperature tolerance. For these challenges, a novel sulfur-based fiber carrier fixed bed reactor (SFFR) was developed in this study. It was found that SFFR had great film-forming ability and flow field characteristics, which promoted it to obtain superior denitrification performance, and the maximum nitrogen removal rate of 0.53 kg-N/m3/d. Meanwhile, SFFR shows significant cold tolerance, and alleviating the acidification problem of effluent to a certain extent. To sum up, the SFFR possesses the potential to be widely used in real-world wastewater treatment applications, especially as a promising solution for nitrate removal in cold regions. This study can provide an important reference for the improvement of the elemental sulfur autotrophic denitrification process.

Molecular Design of Mono-Fluorinated Ether-Based Electrolyte for All-Climate Lithium-Ion Batteries and Lithium-Metal Batteries.

Fluorinated-ethers are promising electrolyte solvents in lithium metal batteries, for their high antioxidant and excellent reductive stability on Li anode. However, fluorinated-ethers with high fluorination degree suffer from low ionic conductivity and narrow temperature adaptibility. Herein, we synthesize a mono-fluorinated linear ether of bis(2-fluoroethoxy) methane (BFME) with enhanced solvated ability. The -OCH2O- structure and fluoride substitution on the β-C position endows the BFME electrolyte with moderate affinity to Li+, thereby improving the ionic conductivity and decreasing the Li+-desolvation energy barrier at a wide temperature range of -60-60 °C. Additionally, the electrolyte with anion-participated solvation structure demonstrates high film-forming ability by forming LiF-rich interfacial film on the electrode surfaces, rendering the graphite anode with an initial Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 94.9 % and a Li plating/stripping CE of 99.8 % by Aurbach method. Consequently, the Graphite||LiFePO4 pouch cells delivered 83.2 %, 92.5 % and 81.2 % capacity retention after 1250, 200 and 300 cycles at 25, -20 °C and 60 °C, respectively. Moreover, the Li||LFP pouch cell with 3 Ah capacity can operate for 65 cycles with 99 % capacity retention, verifying the effectiveness of the BFME electrolyte in stabilizing the interfaces and broadening the temperature adaptibility of lithium-ion and lithium metal batteries.

Fast Dissolving Film of Levocetirizine: Solubility Enhancement by forming Inclusion Complex with β-cyclodextrin, Formulation and Evaluation

Objective: Levocetirizine is a long-acting potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) which has a very low solubility in Gastrointestinal (GI) fluids results in poor bioavailability after oral administration. The present investigation aimed to formulate and evaluate fast dissolving oral films containing levocetirizine to overcome solubility and bioavailability problems thereby to facilitate the convenience of paediatric and geriatric patients. Method: The inclusion complexes of levocetirizine with β-cyclodextrin were prepared. In vitro dissolution study was performed to fix the ratio with better dissolution rate. The selected inclusion complex was then utilized for the preparation of fast dissolving oral films by solvent casting method using sodium CMC/ chitosan as film-forming agents, sodium starch glycolate/crospovidone as super disintegrating agents. PEG 400 used as a plasticizer. Formulations (F1-F6) were prepared and evaluated for their physicochemical properties. In vitro disintegration, dissolution and permeation studies were also carried out.

Non-Ionic Perylene-Diimide Polymer as Universal Cathode Interlayer for Conventional, Inverted, and Blade-Coated Organic Solar Cells.

As a class of predominantly used cathode interlayers (CILs) in organic solar cells (OSCs), perylene-diimide (PDI)-based polymers exhibit intriguing characteristics of excellent charge transporting capacity and suitable energy levels. Despite that, PDI-based CILs with satisfied film-forming ability and adequate solvent resistance are rather rare, which not only limits the further advance of OSC performances but also hinders the practical use of PDI CILs. Herein, we designed and synthesized two non-conjugated PDI polymers for achieving high power conversion efficiency (PCE) in diverse types of OSCs. The utilization of oligo (ethylene glycol) (OEG) linkage enhanced the n-doping effect of PDI polymers, leading to an improved ability of the CIL to reduce work function and improve electron transporting capability. Moreover, the introduction of the non-ionic OEG chain effectively improve the wetting property and solvent resistance of PDI polymers, so the PPDINN CIL can withstand diverse processing conditions in fabricating different OSCs, including conventional, inverted and blade-coated devices. The binary OSC with conventional structure using PPDINN CIL showed a PCE of 18.6 %, along with an improved device stability. Besides, PPDINN is compatible with the large-area blade-coating technique, and a PCE of 16.6 % was achieved in the 1-cm2 OSC where a blade-coated PPDINN was used.

A disposable ultrasensitive immunosensor based on MXene/NH2-CNT modified screen-printed electrode for the detection of ovarian cancer antigen CA125

Cancer antigen 125 (CA125) is the gold standard biomarker for clinical diagnosis of ovarian cancer, with a threshold value of 35 U/mL in serum. In this paper, a disposable ultrasensitive immunosensor based on Ti3C2Tx-MXene/amino-functionalized carbon nanotube (NH2-CNT) modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was constructed for the detection of the ovarian cancer antigen CA125. By optimizing the mass ratio of Ti3C2Tx to NH2-CNT, Ti3C2Tx/NH2-CNT composite with excellent electrochemical properties was prepared, which is beneficial for amplifying the initial electrochemical signal. The positively charged NH2-CNT effectively alleviated the stacking problem of Ti3C2Tx, and its amino group also facilitated the covalent immobilization of the capture antibody. Meanwhile, chitosan (CS) with excellent film-forming ability was also used to successfully enhance the adsorption of electrode material, thus improving the stability of the sensor. In addition, CS could further enhance the current signal. The prepared immunosensor exhibited excellent performance in CA125 detection with a wide linear range from 1 mU/mL to 500 U/mL, and good selectivity, reproducibility and lomg-term stability. Furthermore, the immunosensor showed satisfactory results for the detection of CA125 in clinical serum samples, which is promising for the clinical screening, early diagnosis and prognostic examination of ovarian cancer.

The Evaluation and Analysis of the Anti-Corrosion Performance of the Sealing Material B72 for Metal Artifacts Based on Electrochemical Noise

Paraloid B-72 (B72), as a transparent, colorless polymer material, has good film-forming ability when dissolved in acetone and is widely used as a sealing material for metal artifacts. In order to analyze and evaluate the preservation performance of B72 as a sealing material on the substrate of metal artifacts, a variety of electrochemical methods, mainly electrochemical noise (EN), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were applied to evaluate the B72 coating. The results showed that the B72 coating had a good preservation effect at the initial stage, and its poor water resistance led to the loss of its effectiveness after a few days of immersion. Compared with conventional electrochemical methods, electrochemical noise is non-destructive, which cannot cause new corrosion on the metal substrate and can well characterize the corrosion rate of the test system, and the results of its time domain and frequency domain analyses can correspond well with the polarization resistance and impedance spectra. Electrochemical noise is an effective method for evaluating the anti-corrosion performance of material preservation coatings.

A Review of Modified Gelatin: Physicochemical Properties, Modification Methods, and Applications in the Food Field.

Gelatin is a significant multifunctional biopolymer that is widely utilized as a component in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Numerous functional qualities are displayed by gelatin, such as its exceptional film-forming ability, gelling qualities, foaming and emulsifying qualities, biocompatibility and biodegradable qualities. Due to its unique structural, physicochemical, and biochemical characteristics, which enhance nutritional content and health benefits as well as the stability, consistency, and elasticity of food products, gelatin is utilized extensively in the food business. Additionally, gelatin has demonstrated excellent performance in encapsulating, delivering, and releasing active ingredients. Gelatin's various modifications, such as chemical, enzymatic, and physical processes, were analyzed to assess their impact on gelatin structures and characteristics. Hopefully, gelatin will be more widely used in various applications after modification using suitable methods.

Study on the effect of film-forming agent composition on moisture and heat resistance of basalt fiber composites

Abstract Resistance to hygrothermal aging is the key to the popularization and application of basalt fiber composites in the field of electrical equipment, so it is crucial to develop fiber surface-modified coatings suitable for basalt fibers with excellent hygrothermal resistance. In this study, the performance changes of basalt fiber composite samples treated with four types of surface coatings under artificially accelerated hygrothermal aging test were comparatively analyzed, and the mechanism of different components in the surface coatings was further analyzed. The results showed that the use of epoxy resin emulsion co-mingled with acrylic emulsion as the film-forming agent could significantly improve the mechanical properties of the samples. The use of epoxy resin emulsion co-blended with polyurethane emulsion as the film-forming agent improved the insulating properties and moisture and heat resistance of the samples. Further, the use of 5:1:1 epoxy emulsion, acrylic emulsion, and polyurethane emulsion co-blended as the film-forming agent component can ensure the insulation and hygrothermal resistance of the samples while taking into account the mechanical properties. After 120 hours of wet-heat aging, the breakdown field strength was increased by 22%, leakage current and dielectric loss angle was increased by 10%, and the mechanical properties were also significantly improved compared with the sample with epoxy emulsion as the main film-forming agent. In summary, through the compounding of the film-forming agent emulsion components, the optimization of the moisture and heat resistance of basalt fiber composites can be achieved, and the use of the mass percentage of 5:1:1 for the three types of emulsions blended to prepare the fiber surface coatings is more suitable for the treatment of basalt fibers to prepare the electrician’s equipment.

Incorporation of myrtle essential oil into hydrolyzed ethyl cellulose films for enhanced antimicrobial packaging applications

This research delved into examining the impact of hydrolysis and incorporation of Myrtle essential oil (MEO) on the film-forming and antimicrobial characteristics of ethyl cellulose polymer (EC). Three plasticizers (glycerol, mono ethylene glycol, and oleic acid) were evaluated for film-forming ability. The composite biofilms' structure was assessed through SEM, XRD, FT-IR, and DSC. Eventually, the combination of hydrolyzed EC with oleic acid yielded a flexible film with optimal thickness. Utilizing GC-MS analysis, α-pinene was identified as the predominant compound within MEO, conferring both antioxidant and antibacterial attributes. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed MEO's participation in the film-forming matrix through hydrogen bonding. By incorporating the MEO into the matrix, the WVP decreased significantly to 6.15*10–12 gmm/hmm2Pa considering that the hydrophobic feature of MEO can block the diffusion of water and decrease the WVP. The melting point and enthalpy of the polymer matrix containing MEO decreased that could be attributable to the EOs plasticizing impact, which increases the polymer chain mobility, and thereby hinders the strong interactions between polymer molecules. From the morphological finding, even at higher concentrations, MEO did not form agglomerations in the film matrix, highlighting its excellent compatibility with the microstructure of the resulting films. The film containing MEO showed the acceptable antioxidant activity. Furthermore, films containing MEO substantially decreased S. aureus biofilm development at 24 and 48 h, compared to P. aeruginosa and E. coli. These findings suggest potential applications of the developed film in packaging and preservation.

Multifunctional Sericin-Chitosan-Aloe Vera Composite Film for Food Packaging

Abstract In recent years, the demand for innovative, sustainable, and efficient food packaging solutions has surged in response to growing concerns about environmental impact, food safety, and quality preservation. A sericin-based polymer composite film with multifunctional properties shows promise as an alternative for enhancing food packaging. In this study, sericin-based composite films were prepared by incorporating Aloe vera gel, chitosan, and glycerol into a sericin solution (1.5 % w/v) through facile homogenisation at 70 °C, followed by casting and subsequent drying on a glass platform. The resulting dried film exhibited uniformity, a smooth texture, and successful integration of the composite components. The film demonstrated a moisture content of 21.02 % and a porosity of 3.56 %, with a thickness of (62.1 ± 2.3) µm. It exhibited moderate transparency with reasonable water vapour permeability. Notably, the DPPH scavenging results indicated that the film has a potent antioxidant capacity with an efficacy rate of 99.1 %, supported further by a phenolic content of 11.5 mg GAE per gram of film. Controlled solute migration of components from the composite films was observed, particularly under acidic conditions. Importantly, toxicity evaluation on A549 cells revealed no adverse effects, even at higher concentrations. Due to its consistent film-forming ability, antioxidant potency, controlled migration, and safe nature, the developed sericin polymer-based film could be an effective alternative for food packaging sensitive foods, maintaining oxidative stability, reducing moisture loss, improving quality, and extending shelf life.

Novel Etch-Resistant Molecular Glass Photoresist Based on Pyrene Derivatives for Electron Beam Lithography.

Novel t-butyloxycarbonyl-protected molecular glass photoresists with pyrene as the core (Pyr-8Boc and Pyr-4Boc) were designed and synthesized. The thermal stability and film-forming ability were measured to assess their applicability for lithography. Pyr-Boc (Pyr-8Boc and Pyr-4Boc) photoresists were evaluated by high-resolution electron beam lithography (EBL), acting as chemically amplified resists. Pyr-4Boc showed a better lithography performance, achieving 25 nm line/space patterns at the dose of 50 μC/cm2. Under SF6/O2 plasma, the etch selectivity of the Pyr-4Boc photoresist to silicon was 12.3, which is twice that of the commercially available poly(methyl methacrylate) photoresist (950 k). The lithography mechanism of EBL was further investigated. Theoretical calculations of HOMO/LUMO orbital energies, cyclic voltammetry, and fluorescence quenching experiments were conducted to confirm the electron-transfer reactions between the Pyr-Boc and photoacid generator. The study provides an option of high sensitivity and etch-resistant photoresist for EBL.

Design and Development of Film Forming Gel of Tavaborole by using Factorial Design

Film forming gel (FFG) could be a novel approach in film forming drug delivery system which has pulled in the intrigued of pharmaceutical researcher in improvement and characterization of skin drug delivery system. FFG were developed by varying concentration of the polymers and plasticizer. The formulations were prepared using 32 full factorial design. FFG were evaluated for important parameters like drying time, drug release, antifungal activity, skin irritation and stability studies. The FFG was characterized for pH, viscosity, drug content, effective dosage volume and mechanical properties of the film formed after application; bioadhesion and water vapour permeability were also tested. All the formulations showed results within acceptable range for various tests. The optimized formulation showed drug release of 98.76% and antifungal activity in terms of efficacy as 95.83%. It is stated that the created formulation will shorten therapy duration, increase patient acceptance, and represent a breakthrough in the treatment of skin infections.

Strategies for alkali-free synthesis, surface modification, and electrophoretic deposition of composite films for biomedical applications

This investigation addresses increasing interest in composites for biomedical applications and advanced methods for their synthesis and electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The feasibility of preparation of hydroxyapatite (HA), titania and zirconia particles using branched polyethylenimine polymer (BPEI) or L-arginine amino acid as organic alkalizers is demonstrated. In this new approach, BPEI and L-arginine are used as alkalizers-capping agents instead of inorganic alkalis. The use of BPEI facilitates synthesis of HA nanorods with reduced size. This approach opens an avenue for the fabrication of nanoparticles of other functional inorganic materials using alkalizers-capping agents. It offers advantages of simple procedure, environmental benefits and improved control of particle size. Composite films are obtained by cathodic EPD using linear polyethylenimine (LPEI) as a charging and film-forming agent. A conceptually new approach is developed for anodic EPD of alginic acid polymer (AlgH) and composite films containing drug molecules in AlgH matrix. This strategy involves the use of L-arginine as an alkalizer for solubilization of drugs, which exhibit poor solubility in water. AlgH and drug molecules are solubilized in water and deposited by anodic EPD. Testing results confirm the fabrication of composite films, containing drug molecules. This method allows reduced gas evolution at the electrode, elimination of film porosity, improved stabilization of bioceramic particles in polymer solutions and facilitates composite film formation from stable suspensions. The deposition methods developed in this investigation can be used for deposition of other cationic and anionic polymers and their co-EPD with bioceramics, drugs and other functional materials.

Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) mucilage: A versatile stimuli–responsive functional biomaterial for pharmaceuticals and healthcare

The present review is novel as it discusses the main findings of researchers on the topic and their implications, as well as highlights the emerging research in this particular area and its future prospective. The seeds of Flax (Linum usitatissimum) extrude mucilage (FSM) that has a diverse and wide range of applications, especially in the food industry and as a pharmaceutical ingredient. FSM has been blended with several food and dairy products to improve gelling ability, optical properties, taste, and user compliance. The FSM is recognized as a foaming, encapsulating, emulsifying, suspending, film–forming, and gelling agent for several pharmaceutical preparations and healthcare materials. Owing to stimuli (pH) –responsive swelling–deswelling characteristics, high swelling indices at different physiological pHs of the human body, and biocompatibility, FSM is considered a smart material for intelligent, targeted, and controlled drug delivery applications through conventional and advanced drug delivery systems. FSM has been modified through carboxymethylation, acetylation, copolymerization, and electrostatic complexation to get the desired properties for pharma, food, and healthcare products. The present review is therefore devoted to the isolation techniques, structural characterization, highly valuable properties for food and pharmaceutical industries, preclinical and clinical trials, pharmacological aspects, biomedical attributes, and patents of FSM.

Physicochemical characterization of the metamorphosis of film-forming formulations of betamethasone-17-valerate

Following topical application of a dermatological product, the loss (by evaporation and/or absorption through the skin) of volatile excipients will alter the composition of the formulation remaining on the tissue. This so-called metamorphosis impacts the concentration of the drug in the residual vehicle, (potentially) its physical form therein and, as a result, its uptake into and subsequent permeation through the skin. This research aimed to characterise – using primarily confocal Raman microspectroscopy – the metamorphosis of film-forming formulations of betamethasone-17-valerate (at different loadings) comprised of hydroxypropyl cellulose (film-forming agent), triethyl citrate (plasticizer) and ethanol (solvent). Dissolved and crystalline drug in the films were identified separately by their different characteristic Raman frequencies (1666 cm−1 and 1659 cm−1, respectively). These Raman measurements, as well as optical imaging, confirmed corticosteroid crystallisation in the residual films left after ethanol evaporation when drug concentration exceeded the saturation limit. In vitro release tests of either sprayed or pipette-deposited films into either aqueous or ethanolic receptor solutions revealed drug release kinetics dominated by the residual film post-metamorphosis. In particular, the rate and extent of drug release depends on the concentration of dissolved drug in the residual film, which is limited by drug saturation unless supersaturation occurs. For the simple films examined here, supersaturation was not detected and the solubility limit of drug in the films was sufficient to sustain drug release at a constant flux from the saturated films through a thin silicone elastomer membrane into an aqueous receptor solution for 30 h. Flux values were ∼ 1 μg cm–2h−1 from saturated residual films independent of the amount of crystallized drug present. Flux from subsaturated films was reduced by an amount that was consistent with the lower degree of saturation.

Chitosan-based functional coatings for postharvest processing of tomatoes

The review article includes information on the use of coatings, both from chitosan itself and in combination with other polysaccharides and functional compounds, for postharvest processing, mainly of tomatoes, to extend the shelf life of harvested produce. During harvesting of fruits and vegetables, losses due to fungal infection can be as high as 50%. To prevent yield losses and preserve fruit quality, various methods of postharvest treatment are used. Currently, the most effective means used to control postharvest diseases are synthetic fungicides, but their uncontrolled use negatively affects human health and the environment. Recently, there has been a continuing trend to increase the use of natural antimicrobial agents. Such natural compounds can be chitin and chitosan, they are renewable, biodegradable, low toxicity and safe for consumers and the environment. The film-forming ability of chitosan and its antimicrobial, antioxidant properties are important for obtaining functional coatings for postharvest processing of fruits.

Bioadhesive gel containing 5 % acyclovir for the treatment of herpes labialis: Preclinical development

Acyclovir is widely indicated for the treatment of herpes labialis, an infection typically caused by herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). The standard treatment is based on the use of this antiviral in conventional topical semi-solid formulations (ointments, creams or gels), which have limitations such as low skin adherence and poor patient compliance. On the other hand, therapeutic bioadhesive gels (TBG) are semi-solid formulations that form a thin and transparent polymeric film in situ, displaying superior cosmetic attributes than conventional semi-solid forms and offering improved skin maintenance and patient compliance. In this study, a TBG containing 5 % of acyclovir was developed and characterized in terms of assay, impurities, appearance, pH, viscosity, particle size and morphology and microbiology count, complying with specifications. Stability studies showed that acyclovir-TBG was stable for at least 3 years under the experimental conditions carried out according to the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. Moreover, its cosmetic attractiveness and film-forming ability were considered positive and the in vitro penetration studies revealed a 23.8-fold increase in acyclovir retained percentage in the skin compared to the reference product Zovirax® (11.9 vs 0.5 % after 24 h, respectively). Finally, in vivo skin and ocular irritation studies as well as dermal tolerance studies did not show any negative sign in the macroscopic and microscopic examination. Thus, the proposed formulation could be a good and safe alternative for the topical treatment of lesions caused by HSV-1.

Functional Protective Coatings Based on Polysaccharides and Single-Ion Conducting Polymers for Li Metal Batteries

This work aims to study a protective coating based on cellulose and P(LiMTFSI) single-ion conductor polymer and its effects on Li metal anode stability and reversibility. The strategy used involves the physical mixture of the aforementioned polymers to enhance the electrochemical performance through Li-ion flux homogenization at the Li metal surface, promoting the formation of a dense plating. Single-ion conducting polymers (SICPs) are incorporated due to their beneficial effects such as enhancing lithium ion transport, boosting lithium transference number (𝑡𝐿𝑖 +), and diminishing the effects of concentration polarization, avoiding the initiation and propagation of high surface area lithium (HSAL). Furthermore, a quasi-solid-state Li metal battery system is explored which brings additional advantages over the typically used organic electrolytes. In this sense, during this study we propose using the protective coating based on cellulose and P(LiMTFSI) to tailor an adequate interphase that creates a good adhesion, by taking advantage of the polymers film formation ability, and therefore improving the lifespan and safety of the battery. The coating effectiveness is tested by casting the solution on an activated lithium surface and performing lithium platting/stripping protocols in Li/Li and Li/Cu pouch cells under selected current densities (0.5, 1 and 2 mA/cm2). Complementary electrochemical tests are carried out to study transport, conductivity parameters, and its performance in full cell coupled with LFP cathode. Finally, we analyze the correlation with the physicochemical properties and electrochemical performed based on spectroscopic techniques and microscopy to study the most relevant parameters influencing a high Coulombic Efficiency. Acknowledgments This work has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska – Curie Grant Agreement N° 945357, and co-financing from the Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency (ARIS) is fully acknowledged.

Synthesis and Characterization of Janus fenugreek Seed Gum-based Film for Food Packaging and Wound Dressing Applications

The use of plant-derived natural gum polysaccharides in food packaging and biomedicine is growing due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, film-forming ability, abundant functional groups, and potential for chemical or physical modification to develop novel materials. In this study, fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seed gum (FSG)-based Janus films with glycerol (GLY) as a plasticizer in varying concentrations (2%, 5%, 7%, and 10% w/w) were synthesized for potential food packaging and biomedical applications. The glycerol concentration significantly affected the stability, microstructure, moisture content, and solubility of the film, with 5% GLY yielding the most stable films. The water solubility was gradually increased with increasing the GLY content in the film sample. The film exhibited strong radical scavenging activity against DPPH assays, with an IC50 value of 158.73±0.013 µg/mL. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of the film were found to be 88.21±0.012 mg/g in gallic acid equivalents (GAE) and 9.36±0.018 mg/g in quercetin equivalents (QE), respectively. The pristine FSG film exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and the fungal strain Candida albicans, which was significantly enhanced by incorporating the antibacterial drug penicillin. Additionally, we examined the impact of different films on chicken meat and cheese by monitoring changes in weight loss, color, pH, total aerobic mesophilic counts (TAMC), and psychrotrophic bacterial counts (PBC) during storage. Our results demonstrated that the samples packaged with pristine FSG film exhibited significantly lower TAMC and PBC values and slowed down the increase in pH values compared to the control samples, which further decreased by incorporating antimicrobial drug. These findings indicated that the Janus pristine FSG film is suitable for food packaging. Further, antimicrobial drugs incorporated into FSG film could be potential candidates for wound dressing applications.

Evaluation of Industrial Poly(tert-butyl acrylate) insulated A p-channel Organic Field-Effect Transistor (PtBA-p-OFET)

Poly(tert-butyl acrylate) (PTB-p-A) has been investigated as a promising insulator layer for p-channel organic field effect transistors (p-OFETs) using the p-type semiconductor Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl (P3HT) due to its favorable insulating properties, good film-forming ability and electrical charge separation properties. Top-gate, bottom-contact PTBA-p-OFET devices are fabricated with Indium Thin Oxide (ITO) source/drain electrodes and a P3HT organic semiconductor layer. The frequency-dependent capacitance of the PTBA-p-OFETs was studied through a plot to determine the key parameters, including the threshold voltage (VTh), field-effect mobility (μFET), and the current on/off ratio (Ion/off) of the device. The PTB-p- OFETs exhibit field-effect mobility value of 6.13x10-4 (cm2/V.s), an on/off current ratio of 1.11x102, and a threshold voltage of -15.8 V. The capacitance-frequency characteristics of the capacitor structure were analyzed and found to have as 7.6 nF/cm2 per unit area. This work presents PTBA as a promising for high-performance p-OFET applications.