File System Research Articles

A Silver Nanowires‐Based Flexible Capacitive Touch Screen in Tactile Displays for Individuals with Visual Impairment Using Gesture Recognition

AbstractCapacitive touch screens (CTS's) are essential components in most of today's digital devices. However, for the visually impaired (VI) users due to the uneven topography of the tactile surface, CTS's are more challenging to implement and thus this field remains largely underdeveloped. Considering the limited space around the microactuators driving the typical Braille dots for a tactile screen with ten dots‐per‐inch (dpi) resolution, the materials used for CTS should be flexible and durable with high mechanical strength. In this work, a flexible CTS based on polyimide (PI) and silver nanowires (AgNWs) as electrodes with a total thickness of 210 µm is developed. The dimensions of the AgNWs are on average 7.9 ± 2.4 µm in length and 85 ± 24 nm in width. The AgNWs electrodes showed low resistance and good adhesion to the PI substrate. A gesture recognition application is collected from the capacitive data to classify different gestures (including single‐ and double‐click, swipe‐left and ‐right, scroll‐up and ‐down as well as zoom‐in and ‐out) with two different approaches; machine learning and deep learning are implemented. The best performance is obtained using the YOLO model with a high validation accuracy of 97.76%. Finally, a software application is developed with the proposed hand gestures in real‐time to foster interaction of VI users with the tactile display allowing them to navigate a Windows file system and interact with the documents via hand gestures in a similar manner as sighted users on a conventional touch display will be able to do. This work paves the way to utilize CTS for the tactile displays in the market developed for VI users.

ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN ELECTRONIC FILING SYSTEM PAJAK ORANG PRIBADI APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA PADA DINAS PEKERJAAN UMUM DAN PENATAAN RUANG KOTA DEPOK

Technology Development plays the role in influencing modernization of tax system one of them is e-Filing System. E-Filing is a tax filing system electronically that facilitates taxpayers in submitting Tax Return anytime and anywhere. The objective of this study is to analyze the implementation of policy on individual tax e-Filing, obstacles encountered and efforts undertaken in coping with such obstacles at the Public Work and Spatial Planning Office of Depok. This study used qualitative descriptive research method. Result of this study identified that the implementation of e-Filing has been good enough. Some obstacles which can be overcome with efforts carried out from the implementor and taxpayer.

Zk‐STARKs based scheme for sealed auctions in chains

AbstractOn‐chain sealed auctions represent a novel approach to electronic bidding auctions, wherein the introduction of zero‐knowledge proof technology has significantly enhanced the security of auctions. However, most mainstream on‐chain sealed auction schemes currently employ Bulletproofs to prove auction correctness, which leaves room for optimization in terms of verification time and inherent security. Addressing these issues, an on‐chain sealed auction scheme based on zero‐knowledge succinct non‐interactive argument of knowledge (zk‐STARK) is proposed. This scheme leverages the decentralization and immutability of blockchain and smart contracts to eliminate third‐party involvement while ensuring the security of the auction process. The Inter Planetary File System is utilized to provide a qualification review mechanism for the auctioneer, enabling the screening of unqualified bidders before the auction. Additionally, the scheme employs RSA encryption to conceal bidders' bids, Pedersen commitments to ensure the consistency of bidding information, and zk‐STARKs to verify the correctness of the winning bid. Security analysis and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme meets the required security standards, with time consumption at various stages of the auction being within acceptable limits, and effectively reduces the time required for proof verification.

Performance enhancement in blockchain based IoT data sharing using lightweight consensus algorithm

The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices generates vast amounts of data, traditionally stored, processed, and analyzed using centralized systems, making them susceptible to attacks. Blockchain offers a solution by storing and securing IoT data in a distributed manner. However, the low performance and poor scalability of blockchain technology pose significant challenges for its application in IoT networks. The primary obstacle is the distributed consensus protocol, while ensuring data transparency, integrity, and immutability in a decentralized and untrusted circumstances which often compromises scalability. To address this issue, this paper introduces the use of the Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) consensus algorithm and sharding techniques to enhance scalability in blockchain-based IoT networks. Experimental results indicate that system throughput increases synchronously with the test load. Our findings reveal a tradeoff between throughput, latency, and up-downstream time on the Inter Planetary File System (IPFS). Given the critical importance of latency and throughput in IoT networks, the results demonstrate that DPoS offers high throughput, parallel processing, and robust security while efficiently scaling the network. Furthermore, at a test load of 500 Transactions Per Second (TPS), the system achieves a maximum throughput of approximately 11.094 ms. However, when the test load exceeds 2000 TPS, the total processing time for transactions extends to 11.205 ms. This method is particularly suitable for constrained IoT networks. Compared to previous edge computing-based approaches, our scheme demonstrates superior throughput performance.

Sequentialized Virtual File System: A Virtual File System Enabling Address Sequentialization for Flash-Based Solid State Drives

Solid-state drives (SSDs) are widely adopted in mobile devices, desktop PCs, and data centers since they offer higher throughput, lower latency, and lower power consumption to modern computing systems and applications compared with hard disk drives (HDDs). However, the performance of the SSDs can be degraded depending on the I/O access pattern due to the unique characteristics of SSDs. For example, random I/O operation degrades the SSD performance since it reduces the spatial locality and induces garbage collection (GC) overhead. In this paper, we present an address reshaping scheme in a virtual file system (VFS) called sVFS for improving performance and easy deployment. To do this, it first sequentializes a random access pattern in the VFS layer which is an abstract layer on top of a more concrete file system. Thus, our scheme is independent and easily deployed on any concrete file systems, block layer configuration (e.g., RAID), and devices. Second, we adopt a mapping table for managing sequentialized addresses, which guarantees correct read operations. Third, we support transaction processing for updating the mapping table to avoid sacrificing the consistency. We implement our scheme at the VFS layer in Linux kernel 5.15.34. The evaluation results show that our scheme improve the random write throughput by up to 27%, 36%, 34%, and 2.35× using the microbenchmark and 25%, 22%, 20%, and 3.51× using the macrobenchmark compared with the existing scheme in the case of EXT4, F2FS, XFS, and BTRFS, respectively.

Postoperative pain in patients following endodontic treatment by XP-endo Shaper files: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Context: Postoperative pain occurs in 25%–60% of patients following endodontic treatment. It can significantly impact a patient’s quality of life and requires timely management or, preferably, prevention. Aims: The present systematic review was conducted aiming to analyze randomized controlled trials that compared postoperative pain in patients whose canals were shaped by XPS versus other endodontic file systems. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was performed using key terms “postoperative pain” AND “XP-endo Shaper” across multiple databases to identify relevant randomized controlled trials. Details concerning the study design, endodontic preparation, XP-endo Shaper-related factors, and pain assessment were recorded. The risk of bias was calculated using the RevMan 5.3 software. Meta-analysis done using the random effects model which was represented using forest plots. Results: Six studies evaluating a total of n = 290 samples of XP-endo Shaper file and other file systems each, respectively, were included in the final review and meta-analysis. The standard mean difference ranged from 0.8 to 2.88 with a mean of 1.04 (0.80–2.88) favoring other file systems. This signifies that the postoperative pain is on average 1.04 times more by other file systems as compared to XP-endo Shapers file although the difference was statistically nonsignificant (P > 0.05). Conclusions: XP-endo Shaper has proven to be a relatively more efficient file system that effectively cleans and shapes the root canals, including those with difficult anatomy.

Phase transformation and metallurgical characterization of heat-treated nickel–titanium rotary instruments using differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive spectrometry

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the phase transformation behavior and elemental analysis of thermomechanical-treated nickel–titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments, TruNatomy (Dentsply Sirona), HyFlex CM (coltene, Whaledent), and Neoendo Flex (Orikam healthcare India), using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. Materials and Methods: A total of 18 NiTi rotary instruments, TruNatomy, Hyflex CM, Neoendo Flex, taper. 04, size 25 (except TruNatomy, size 26) were selected and were divided into three groups (n = 6). Three NiTi files from each group were investigated for the DSC test (n = 3). The two segments of each sample were cut carefully by slow-speed water-cooling carborundum disc at 3 mm from the tip and then 4 mm from the previous section. The mass of the samples was measured on the electronic balance and samples that weighed 10–15 mg were loaded into a 40 µL aluminum crucible. The samples are then subjected first to a heating cycle from 0°C to 100°C and subsequently a cooling cycle from 100°C to 0°C in the differential scanning calorimeter (Mettler-Toledo, NIT Srinagar) at a rate of 10°C min−1. XRD (Make. Rigaku Japan, smart lab 3kW, NIT Srinagar.) was performed to verify the DSC results. The remaining two samples from each group (n = 2) were subjected to XRD analysis. The sample preparation for XRD analyses was done precisely with slow speed water cooled carborundum disc and samples were sectioned into three segments. Each segment was 5 mm long and grounded to obtain a uniform smooth plane. The data obtained from DSC and XRD were subjected to origin 8.5 software and graphs were obtained that depict the transformation temperature and phase composition, respectively. Alloy distribution and trace elements of the NiTi rotary instruments were done using energy dispersive spectrometry microanalysis. Results: The DSC results showed that the TruNatomy, Hyflex CM, and Neo Endo instruments had an Austenite finish (Af) temperature exceeding 37°C. The XRD graphs show the different intensity peaks that correspond to the various phases of NiTi rotary instruments. The TruNatomy is predominantly Austenite, Hyflex CM exists mainly in R-phase with a variable amount of austenite and martensite, while Neoendo flex endo mostly contains austenite phase. The elemental analysis revealed that all three file systems show Nickel and Titanium within their bulk structure in an equiatomic ratio. Conclusion: This study concluded that TruNatomy is predominantly martensite with a variable amount of austenite phase. There are differences in thermal transition temperature between the files.

Traffic Prevention and Security Enhancement in VANET Using Deep Learning With Trusted Routing Aided Blockchain Technology

ABSTRACTVehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) in portable broadband networks are a revolutionary concept with enormous potential for developing safe and efficient transportation systems. Because VANETs are open networks that require regular information sharing, it might be difficult to ensure the security of data delivered through VANETs as well as driver privacy. This paper proposes a blockchain technology that supports trusted routing and deep learning for traffic prevention and security enhancement in VANETs. Initially, the proposed Feature Attention‐based Extended Convolutional Capsule Network (FA_ECCN) model predicts the driver's behaviors such as normal, drowsy, distracted, fatigued, aggressive, and impaired. Next, the Binary Fire Hawks‐based Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (BFH_OLSRP) is used to route traffic after trust values have been assessed. Furthermore, Binary Fire Hawks Optimization (BFHO) determines the best routing path based on criteria such as link stability and node stability degree. Finally, blockchain storage is supported by the Interplanetary File System (IPFS) technology to improve the security of VANET data. Additionally, the validation process is established by using Delegated Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (DPBFT). As a result, the proposed study employs the blockchain system to securely send data to neighboring vehicles via trust‐based routing, thereby accurately predicting the driver's behavior. The proposed method achieves a better outcome in terms of latency, packet delivery ratio (PDR), overhead packets, throughputs, end‐to‐end delay, transmission overhead, and computational cost. According to simulation results and efficiency evaluation, the proposed approach outperforms existing approaches and enhances vehicle communication security in an effective manner.

Does reduced taper canal preparation increase the load capacity of endodontically treated teeth?

Objectives: The aim of this in-vitro study is to assess and compare the load capacity of teeth with canals prepared using progressive taper versus regressive taper. Methods: Twenty-seven extracted mandibular molars were categorized into three equal groups. The negative control group involved teeth that were accessed and restored with composite resin without canal preparation. The regressive canal preparation group used the TruNatomy file system, while the progressive canal preparation group employed the ProTaper Gold system. Subsequently, all samples underwent loading using a universal testing machine until tooth fracture occurred. The force required to fracture each tooth was recorded in Newton. Results: The highest value was found in samples without preparation 1009.68±57.28 N, followed by TN group 979.04±31.16 N, while the lowest value was found in PTG 966.47±17.51N. There was no significant difference between different groups (p=0.118). Conclusions: The root canal taper did not exert a significant influence on the longevity or fracture resistance of the tooth.

LightFS: A Lightweight Host-CSD Coordinated File System Optimizing for Heavy Small File Accesses

LightFS: A Lightweight Host-CSD Coordinated File System Optimizing for Heavy Small File Accesses

A secure and privacy preserving model for healthcare applications based on blockchain-layered architecture

Blockchain is one of the emerging technologies that are applied in various fields and its application in Healthcare 4.0 is crucial to handle the vast amount of health records that are growing continuously everyday. This paper explores the application of blockchain technology-based layered architecture integrated with Interplanetary File System (IPFS) storage to provide a secure and robust sharing platform for healthcare system. A multilayer security is provided in the proposed system including a 128-bit Random Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) encoding sequence with a modified version of the 128-bit Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) key expansion symmetric key technique is being used before storing the records in the IPFS storage, Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA) 2048 digital envelope is used for secure transmission of symmetric keys, RSA 1024 is used for digital signature, and Secure Hash Algorithm 256-bit (SHA-256) is used for hashing the record files. Comparative analysis with existing state-of-the-art in blockchain-based E-healthcare system is discussed. The performance of various assessment metrics is evaluated, including encryption and decryption time for EHR records, mining time, record retrieval time, smart contract execution time and network latency. Additionally, a reputation-based filtering mechanism specifically designed in the proposed model to detect and mitigate the various attacks.

Methods of Extracting and Analyzing Metadata for Evidentiary Purposes

This paper examines methods for extracting and analyzing metadata for evidentiary purposes in civil proceedings. Through a comprehensive review of current literature, legal cases, and forensic techniques, it explores the diverse approaches to metadata analysis across various digital domains, including file systems, emails, documents, web browsers, mobile devices, cloud storage, social media, and emerging technologies. The study highlights the critical role of metadata in establishing the authenticity, reliability, and chronology of digital evidence. It also addresses the challenges posed by encrypted data, large-scale analysis, and the need for robust quality assurance processes. The findings underscore the importance of adapting forensic methodologies to evolving digital landscapes while maintaining legal and ethical standards. This research contributes to the ongoing development of best practices in digital forensics and their application in civil litigation.

Advancements in Network Attached Storage (NAS) for Mobile Devices: Technological Developments and Performance Assessment

Network-attached storage (NAS) technology has emerged as a vital solution in the evolving landscape of data management and storage. With the exponential growth of data and the increasing demand for efficient, scalable storage solutions, NAS systems offer a centralized, cost-effective, and flexible alternative to traditional storage methods. This paper explores the application and advantages of NAS technology in various scenarios, from home and small business environments to large enterprises. It highlights the key strengths of NAS systems in optimizing data storage, ensuring data security, and facilitating cross-device sharing. The study delves into the architectural components of NAS, including file systems, RAID configurations, and network protocols, to demonstrate how these technologies enhance storage performance and reliability. Technical details on NAS system design, such as the integration of advanced file systems and user-level networking technologies, are discussed to showcase their impact on data transfer efficiency and overall system performance. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of NAS in different environments, illustrating its ability to provide high availability, data redundancy, and low-latency data access. The findings underscore NAS technology’s potential as a versatile and scalable storage solution, with recommendations for future research focused on developing new file systems, optimizing network protocols, and exploring edge computing integrations to further enhance NAS capabilities.

Comparative Analysis of Healthcare Cost between M-DPS vs. DPS Architecture by Using Blockchain Technology

The potential for blockchain technology to transform healthcare systems globally is enormous. Blockchain technology has the potential to revolutionize healthcare by creating a decentralized, transparent, and secure platform that can tackle issues like data interoperability, supply chain management, and patient participation. Using blockchain technology, this article compares and contrasts the healthcare expenses of two architectures: The Modified Decentralized Patient System (MPS) and the Decentralized Patient System (DPS). The study examines the gas costs linked with transactions to assess the economic impact of implementing these designs in healthcare settings. The paper compares the M-DPS and DPS architectures and determines the gas costs associated with file uploads. Furthermore, the article compares the expenses of file uploads on blockchain networks that use IPFS (InterPlanetary File System) and those that do not. Results shed light on possible monetary gains and losses from using blockchain technology in healthcare data management systems.

Effect of Excisable Goods Management Systems on Domestic Tax Compliance Among Small and Medium Enterprises in Thika Sub-County

Purpose: Despite the rapid adoption of e-filing in Kenya, the filing system is still unreliable especially at peak period and on voluntary usage which lead to low level of compliance perceived by taxpayer. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of excisable goods management system on domestic taxes compliance among small and medium enterprises in Thika town, Kenya. The study was anchored on the standard economic theory. Methodology: The explanatory research design was employed. The target population was 2052 small and medium enterprises in Thika town with sample size of 334 small and medium enterprises. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaires out of the 334 issued questionnaires, 261 filled the questionnaires and submitted them accordingly, resulting in a 78.1% response rate. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The study found that excisable goods management system had a positive and significant effect on domestic tax compliance β = 0. 179 and p = 0.004. Conclusion: The government should invest in further enhancing the Excisable Goods Management System to ensure it is user-friendly and accessible to SMEs

Comparative Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Rotary and Reciprocating Single File Systems on Postoperative Pain After Biomechanical Preparation in Patients With Chronic Apical Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Comparative Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Rotary and Reciprocating Single File Systems on Postoperative Pain After Biomechanical Preparation in Patients With Chronic Apical Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Transforming the Game Account Trading Market: An Ethereum Blockchain-Based Solution

Abstract: The primary risks associated with game account trading include the exposure of personal information and the potential for account retrieval. In a system leveraging blockchain technology, specifically Ethereum combined with the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), personal and game-related information is kept confidential. This system ensures that only the respective users have access to their personal data on the blockchain. Furthermore, upon the completion of a trade, the information associated with the account can be altered once, enhancing security. Additionally, the landscape of video game trading, particularly in China, is evolving rapidly. With the growth and development of the video game industry in the region, it has become increasingly challenging to trade game accounts. This complexity is largely due to the emergence of various policies and regulations that aim to safeguard user data and maintain the integrity of game ecosystems. The blockchain-based system provides a more secure and efficient way of handling these transactions, mitigating risks associated with traditional trading methods. By employing decentralized technologies, this innovative approach ensures greater privacy, security, and compliance with regulatory standards, thus revolutionizing the realm of game account trading.

Resources for Teaching Operating Systems: A Survey of Instructors and a Literature Review

Objectives : Faculty new to teaching operating systems or those looking to refresh their course need to understand the state of the art in operating system education. Toward this goal, we conducted a survey of operating system instructors to understand how they approach teaching the course and what textbook and software platforms they use in their classrooms. We also conducted a literature review examining two decades of papers focused on teaching operating systems to undergraduates. Survey : We surveyed people who teach operating systems at the undergraduate level to determine which textbook they use, on which software they base projects, and how they approach teaching the course. Literature Review : We searched the ACM Digital Library for publications focused on undergraduate education about operating systems. We selected a total of 51 papers. For each selected paper, we identified which approach (i.e., concrete vs. abstract) and perspective (i.e., internal or external) on teaching operating systems the authors used, which Curriculum 2023 topics they covered, and on what type of system (e.g., educational, production, research) their projects were based. We also looked at the evaluation of the methods and the impact these papers have had on the field. Findings: Instructors teaching operating systems tend to balance both their approach and their perspective, with a slight leaning toward an internal perspective, whereas authors supporting operating system education overwhelmingly support an internal, concrete approach to the course. In addition, authors also tend to focus on a few key topics, including System Calls and Processes, Concurrency, Scheduling, Virtual Memory, File Systems API and Implementation, and Performance Evaluation. Conclusions : This work will help faculty teaching operating systems to consider which approach and perspective they wish to take in their course and to find the resources most relevant to their preferred approach and perspective. It can also help focus future research in the area of operating system education, to align it better with current practices.

Research on the Method of Managing Personal Massive Photos Using Geodatabase

Abstract. In view of the limitations of the existing methods for personal massive photos management and browsing, a method of using geodatabase to manage and browse massive personal photos is proposed. Firstly, vector geodatabase is created and defined based on geographic information technology. Then, attribute information including the file name, photo date and time, photo point longitude, photo point latitude, location name, photo storage path and so on of each photo in the file system are extracted. Finally, based on the longitude and latitude of the photo point, the geospatial location data of each photo is generated, and written into the vector geodatabase together with the attribute information. Based on the storage path of photos in the file system, the links between the geospatial database and photos are established. Furtherly realize the attribute information and geographical space location management of massive photos, as well as the browsing and viewing of photos. Take personal photos as an example to introduce the data processing and verify the practicability of the method. The result shows that this method uses the idea of geodatabase to manage massive personal photos, which is conducive to reflect the geographical spatial distribution and density characteristics of the photos, and can use the time axis to connect the track of personal history, which is convenient for browsing and analyzing the experience.

Efficiently Enlarging RDMA-Attached Memory with SSD

RDMA-based in-memory storage systems offer high performance but are restricted by the capacity of physical memory. In this paper, we propose TeRM to extend RDMA-attached memory with SSD. TeRM achieves fast remote access on the SSD-extended memory by eliminating page faults of RDMA NIC and CPU from the critical path. We also introduce a set of techniques to reduce the consumption of CPU and network resources. Evaluation shows that TeRM performs close to the performance of the ideal upper bound where all pages are pinned in the physical memory. Compared with existing approaches TeRM significantly improves the performance of unmodified RDMA-based storage systems, including a file system and a key-value system.