Card File Research Articles

Visual Fictions and the Archive of the Spanish Civil War

Visual Fictions and the Archive of the Spanish Civil War H. Rosi Song In memory of Don Rothman In 2007, I received from a colleague a small black book by Martí Llorens with a dozen or so photographs of the Spanish Civil War entitled Memorias revolucionarias (1999). 1 I was, at the time, preparing a presentation on the topic of memory and the Spanish Civil War and was intrigued by how family stories and photographs moved from private to public spaces through the advocacy of surviving relatives, even becoming, in the case of personal belongings, desirable objects in the marketplace. This little black book seemed to offer the perfect example of such transformation: a few snapshots that clearly belonged to different family albums, united in a small collectable object. In these images, men and women are seen in photographs taken during the war, which later were sent home with personal notes. Together, this collection and the messages they contained represented a moving and easily recognizable tribute to those who participated in and (were) lost in the war. These snapshots made me reflect on what John Updike had written about this type of photographs, as he considered the appeal of these [End Page 367] once private “homely staples.” Having surfaced in the marketplace as collectables, the writer saw in this transition a persevering attraction, one that offered “windows, however smeary, into other lives,” keeping the personal even when it became impersonal (“Visual Trophies”). Moving from the safe confines of immediate and personal recognition into a new space from which images can be freely observed and scrutinized without an attached narrative (or attached to different narratives), to me, the possibilities of this free circulation seemed infinite. I thought about how the appearance of such items would affect a historical archive, especially if we understood the archive as Foucault did, as a discursive practice that can be constructed as well as transformed. Or, as was the case with the archive of the Spanish Civil war, still debated among historians and questioned by activists and family members in search of relatives lost in the war, what role would (or should) these personal items play? The small book in my hands seemed to be engaging with those questions while inviting the viewer and the reader of the photographs’ captions to be moved by the memories of the tragic event. Photographer Martí Llorens published Memorias revolucionarias in 1999. 2 Each image in the book is accompanied by a filing card with its title, along with a brief description of the origin of the snapshots and the writing contained in them. Memorias is around 4x6 inches, black, and reminiscent of a passport or a small travel notebook. 3 The few photographs appear to condense the larger history of the war through images once destined for private family albums and presented as perfect vehicles to contemplate the past. Gazing at these images, I was captured by the way they played into my understanding of sepia-colored snapshots of days gone by: a mix of emotion, a sense of loss and nostalgia, curiosity for the private lives of those captured by the camera lens, a longing to know their stories and memories, the sorrow of a past tragedy. Looking even more closely, I marveled at the texture and authenticity of the photographs until I suddenly realized I was in the presence of a red herring. What made me assume their authenticity? How did I “know” these images were real? And soon, a more pressing question, how to read these snapshots once I discovered [End Page 368] them to be fictional, a collection of manipulated images prepared by a young Catalan photographer who happened one day to go by the shooting of the film Libertarias (Dir. Vicente Aranda, 1996)? I begin my analysis of Martí Llorens’s photographs with this personal anecdote to reflect on photographs of war in the context of the Spanish Civil War. These images provide an opportunity to reexamine our understanding of photographic images, their relationship to memory, and our connection to and understanding of the past. Photography and the Spanish Civil War Photography has had a special relationship with the Spanish Civil War. In fact...

A design method for three-dimensional maintenance, repair and overhaul job card of complex products

Aiming to improve the feasibility of maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) planning, the accuracy of MRO description and the clarity of on-site guidance for complex products MRO job card, a design method for complex products three-dimensional (3D) MRO job card based on product 3D model and using the model based definition (MBD) technology was proposed. This method applies position–posture calculation of initial disassembly based on assembly constraints to realize the visual disassembly planning for complex products in 3D environment, uses dynamic viewpoint navigation method to implement the display of disassembly and assembly simulation process of parts conforming to the observation habit of human, adopts multi-view 3D annotation method to implement the separation showing for technical requirements from different MRO disciplines and operation tasks, and finally, transforms the MRO order information into 3D portable job card file based on lightweight model and releases it to MRO worksite. The aircraft right wing maintenance instance shows that this method can implement the intuitive, accurate and non-ambiguous MRO process description, improve the rationality of MRO planning, and increase the efficiency and quality of complex products MRO.

Estonian Folklore Archives

Estonian Folklore Archives Risto Järv (bio) The Estonian Folklore Archives was established as the central folklore archives of Estonia in 1927.1 The original collections of the archives were built upon manuscript reports and accounts of Estonian folklore, consisting of over 115,000 pages of material contributed primarily by the noted Estonian folklore collector Jakob Hurt (1939-1907) and his more than 1,400 informants in the late nineteenth century. Today the Estonian Folklore Archives holds nearly 1.5 million manuscript pages as well as a collection of photographs, videos, and audio recordings. After the death of Jakob Hurt in 1906, the tomes of manuscripts collected and systematized by him were transferred to the repository of the Finnish Literature Society (Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura) in Finland. One reason for the move was the lack of appropriate preservation conditions for such valuable material in Estonia; another was the Finnish folklore researcher Kaarle Krohn’s long-term interest in the materials. Following this transfer, a large-scale copying of Hurt’s collections was initiated in Finland (see further Järvinen 2008:57-58). Negotiations about the return of the collections were started in 1924 with an aim of establishing folklore archives in Estonia. Folklorist Oskar Loorits (1900-1961) was largely the brain behind the idea, and he was assigned the task of managing the retransfer of the collections. The central archives were to be established on the example of the Finnish Literature Society in Finland and were directly inspired by the establishment of the Latvian Folklore Archives in 1924 as the first of its kind in the Baltic region. Following lengthy discussions about which institution would control the central archives, the collections were successfully retransferred to Estonia in 1927. The archives started operations at the beginning of September, but on September 24, 1927, at the first meeting of the governing committee, the Estonian Folklore Archives was officially established as an independent institution under the Estonian National Museum. The archives were housed in 1927 at a former residence on Aia (now Vanemuise) Street in Tartu. The Archival Library of the Estonian National Museum, which had been established in 1909 and originally intended as an Estonian national library, was also brought there at that time. Two years later in 1929 the Estonian Cultural History Archives was founded in the same building. The main objective of the newly-founded archives was to bring previously existing folklore collections together into one place in order to facilitate research, to organize extensive fieldwork throughout Estonia, and to begin broad research on the folklore collected. Institution-initiated collecting of folklore in Estonia was started in the second quarter of the nineteenth century, resulting in a total of over 8,000 pages housed in the collection of the Learned Estonian Society and in the folklore collection of the Estländische Literärische Gesellschaft literary union, both located in Tallinn. These collections were incorporated into the Estonian Folklore Archives, as were many others (for instance, Hurt’s collection and the Estonian Students’ Society’s Collection), including the voluminous collection of the folklorist Matthias Johann Eisen (1857-1934) from the University of Tartu. Archival Work The archives’ primary purpose has always been to make the manuscript materials as easily available to researchers as possible. Thus, on the initiative of Oskar Loorits, who was at that time head of the archives, an appropriate system of registers and card files was developed to enable researchers to find and gain access to every single folklore piece in the handwritten volumes. In order to preserve the volumes for the sake of better analysis, copies of folklore texts were typed and organized in folders, and shorter texts were copied and organized into thematic card files. Folklore material was also copied from the collections of other institutions, where it was sometimes found among other material (for example, language corpora). Ever since the founding of the archives, special emphasis has been placed on the idea that the archives’ workers must be involved not only in facilitating access to the materials but also in researching the material from one perspective or another. Oskar Loorits focused on Livonian folklore and particularly on Livonian religion, Herbert Tampere explored folk songs and tunes...

Arcane Magic

What are the origins of the boom in science fiction bibliography publication, and how has science fiction bibliography endured and been transformed in the Internet age? This article will discuss a progenitor of the boom, notably the creation and development of science fiction indexing. We take as our focus the evolution of two indexes—one of book reviews and another of secondary, critical material—compiled by Halbert (Hal) W. Hall at Texas A&M University. A project that originated in the 1960s, Hall’s indexing work marks an early attentiveness to the emerging field of science fiction scholarship, and the inclusiveness of his work offers insight into the shifting boundaries and audiences of the field. In this article, we look at the publication history of Hall’s work and mark the evolution of his index of critical material from a hand-typed card file to a continually updated open access electronic database.

AN EFFICIENT MEMORY MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUE FOR SMART CARD OPERATING SYSTEM

This research paper examines memory managementissues associated with Smart card EEPROM and proposes a newtechnique for memory management for smart card files. Theentire work concentrates to suggest a new methodology onmemory allocation and de-allocation using pointers, which givesbetter memory utilization.

3D MRO Job Card Publishing Method for Aircraft

In order to improve the accuracy of maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) description and the clarity of on-site guidance for aircraft MRO job card, a publishing method for aircraft 3D MRO job card based on aircraft 3D model was proposed. This method can show the disassembly and assembly simulation process with dynamic viewpoint navigation technology to conform to the observation habit of human, and separately show technical requirements from different MRO disciplines and operation tasks with multi-view 3D annotation method, and finally, transforms the MRO order into 3D portable job card file based on lightweight model and releases it to MRO site. The MRO instance of aircraft right wing shows that this method can generate intuitive, accurate and non-ambiguous MRO process description, improve the quality and efficiency of aircraft MRO.

Current Studies On Intrusion Detection System, Genetic Algorithm And Fuzzy Logic

Distributed Cyber Physical Systems designed for different scenario must be capable enough to perform in an efficient manner in every situation. Earlier approaches, such as CORBA, has performed but with different time constraints. Therefore, there was the need to design reconfigurable, robust, validated and consistent real time middle ware systems with end-to-end timing. In the DCPS-HMM we have proposed the processor efficiency and data validation which may proof crucial in implementing various distributed systems such as credit card systems or file transfer through network.

Structure, enhancement and white luminescence of multifunctional Lu6O5F8:20%Yb3+,1%Er3+(Tm3+) nanoparticles via further doping with Li+ under different excitation sources

A series of Lu6O5F8:20%Yb(3+),1%Er(3+)(Tm(3+)),x%Li(+) (0 ≤ x ≤ 12) nanoparticles with average size from 20 to 320 nm upon increasing Li(+) concentration were prepared by a coprecipitation method. The detailed crystal structure of Lu6O5F8 as a new matrix is firstly analysed via retrieved refinement of the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). In addition, the corresponding Powder Diffraction File card information was also obtained through indexing the XRD pattern of the host. Upconversion under excitation at 980 nm, downconversion with Xe lamp as excitation source and cathodoluminescence properties of Lu6O5F8:20%Yb(3+),1%Er(3+)(Tm(3+)),x%Li(+) (0 ≤ x ≤ 12) nanoparticles were compared and studied. It is worthwhile pointing out that according to the effects of Li(+) on emission intensity ratio, white UC emission was achieved in the Lu6O5F8:6%Yb(3+),0.3%Er(3+),0.4%Tm(3+),5%Li(+) compared to Li(+) free sample with the same activator concentration. The reasons behind this behavior were presented and discussed. All in all, Li(+) ion would be a wonderful luminescence intensifier for lanthanide ions, and the multifunctional lanthanide ion-doped Lu6O5F8 nanoparticles have potential application in photoluminescence areas and field emission display devices.

Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in an elderly population in the city of Valparaiso, Chile

Chilean population is ageing, which means an increase in the prevalence of multiple pathologies, including those located in the oral cavity. To measure the prevalence and distribution of oral mucosal lesions and to identify associated risk factors in elderly patients in the city of Valparaiso. This study includes 126 patients over 60 years. The sample was calculated with a sampling error of 3.7% from a population size of 6000 file cards. Frequency and contingency tables were made together with odds ratios, with a confidence interval of 95%. Finally, we built a predictive model based on a binary logistic regression. From the whole sample, 85 patients (67.5%) had some oral mucosal lesion. The most frequent lesions were denture-induced stomatitis (37.1%). It was noted that there is a statistically significant association between the use of denture and the presence of oral candidiasis. The consumption of drugs and the use of denture increase the likelihood of having oral mucosal lesions. There is a high prevalence of oral lesions in the elderly patients of Valparaiso. The use of drugs and /or denture increases significantly the likelihood that a person over 60 years presents lesions in the oral mucosa.

« Les oeuvres d’art parlent d’elles-mêmes » : l’autodescription conceptuelle et son devenir récent

This study demonstrates how the long-established problematics of idea reappeared in an original fashion in self-descriptive works of conceptual art, as well as in works of contemporary artists quoting their predecessors of the 1960s. A recent drawing by the Quebecois artist Mathieu Beauséjour reveals the complexity of the issues addressed in self-descriptive works. It posts the phrase Les oeuvres parlent d’elles-mêmes, which lends itself to a two-fold reading: either the works speak of or about themselves (self-referentiality of Kosuth’s neon piece Five Words in Blue Neon), or they speak by or for themselves (the tendency toward autonomy of works seeking to rival art history in the usage of the verbal language used to describe them). These two tendencies are examined in three canonical conceptual works: Joseph Kosuth’s Five Words in Blue Neon, Dan Graham’s Schema, and Robert Morris’s Card File. However, several recent productions employ once again the process of self-description, while subverting the transparency and autonomy striven for by the models they take as sources, as is the case in the neons and textual works of the Canadian artists Ron Terada and Kelly Mark, the British artist Tracey Emin, and the Mexican artist Stephan Brüggemann. Through ironic self-depreciation and caustic praise of their forerunners, these works reveal simultaneously the hold of expectations and of institutional conditions, and the ambiguity of their critical position with respect to that context.

Bir aile sağlığı biriminde aile planlaması yöntem kullanımındaki değişim özellikleri

Summary The purpose of this study was to investigate the features of changes in contraceptive method choice in a family health unit in Isparta city. The follow-up file cards of 522 sexually active women aged 15-49 years were examined retrospectively. While only 251(48%) of these women were using modern contraceptive methods within the year 2007, this number increased to 332(64%) until 2011. Although the number of women using a traditional method in the year 2007 was 195 out of 522(37%), it dropped down to 125(24%) until 2011. Reproductive health promotion strategies had favorable effects on contraceptive method choice in our unit.

LAW PROTECTED PLANTS OF NATIONAL NATURE RESERVE DREVENÍK (HORNÁD BASIN) IN PROJECT LEARNING

The National nature reserve in Drevenik has an area of 101.82 ha with the highest degree of plant protection. Travertine formation is located at an altitude of 609 m a.s.l. in the eastern part of Hornad basin in East Slovakia. In the Drevenik area there are around 270,470 species and subspecies of vascular plants. Approximately 60 species are classified as endangered species of Slovakia and are classified as mountain, lowland, forest and steppe species. The plants are of phytogeographical significance, some reaching their northern limit of range in this area. Protected species of the area include (Pulsatilla slavica G. Reuss.), Alpine aster (Aster alpinus L.), Carpathian harebell (Campanula carpatica Jacq.), Pontic dragonhead (Dracocephalum austriacum L.), Hungarian iris (Iris aphylla subsp. hungarica), European columbine (Aquilegia vulgaris L.), Snowdrop windflower (Anemone sylvestris L.), Manchurian monk’s-hood (Aconitum variegatum L.), Turk’s cap lily (Lilium martagon L.), St. Lucie cherry (Cerasus mahaleb (L.) Mill.), Yellow Monkshood (Aconitum anthora L.), Bladdernut (Staphylea pinnata L.) and Edelweiss (Leontopodium alpinum Cass.). The aim of project learning is the interconnection between school theory and practice, and the upbringing towards independence and responsibility. The pupils in the second primary education stage developed these skills by elaborating a card file of plants and a phytogeographical map of the range of the protected species.

EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON POME FRUIT PHENOLOGY AND PRECIPITATION

Meteorological data more than 50 years (1958-2010) from the University of Bonn, Klein-Altendorf research centre's own weather station, including air and soil temperature as well as precipitation, were analysed for climate change effects. Phenological data over 50 years on hand-written filing cards were calendar dates of full bloom, harvest and leaf drop, as well as late frost and consequent yield loss, for a range of apple and pear cultivars, using only bearing fruit trees at the time. This implied i) the use of several generations of fruit trees/orchards and ii) use of original pome varieties, which existed as bearing trees since 1958, and were replanted after the orchard had been grubbed; the error rate in the 18,000 air temperature data was 0.77% and corrected where possible. Analysis and correlation of the meteorological data from the last 50 years showed two distinct climate phases in Klein-Altendorf: an early 30 year period (1958-1987) with a temperature of -0.4°C below the long-term, 50-year average of 9.4°C; followed by a ca. 20 year period of a +0.6°C temperature rise (1988 to date). A comparison of the phenological data of phase II (1988 to date) with phase I (1958-1987) showed 4 days earlier full bloom, but only 2 days earlier harvest without change in leaf drop date. This resulted in a 2 days longer fruit development - despite the warming - for cultivar 'Cox's Orange Pippin' at Klein-Altendorf. This may be explained by temperatures exceeding the optimum for photosynthesis of pome fruit and leaves. A European comparison showed Klein-Altendorf to have the oldest combined phenology and weather data and the latest apple flowering (F1 of cultivar 'Golden Delicious'), except for Gembloux in Belgium, where phenology records started in 1985. There was no change in the amount of annual precipitation of 594 mm in Klein-Altendorf over the 50 years of observation and records, but the relative distribution changed slightly from ca. 50 mm less precipitation in the summer during the fruit growing period to spring, with possible drought stress in summer (July) resulting in e.g. smaller fruit size.

Resultados a longo prazo com o uso do implante coclear em crianças: revisão sistemática

INTRODUÇÃO: Os benefícios do Implante coclear (IC) nos primeiros anos de uso em crianças já foram detalhadamente descritos na literatura. Porém, são escassos os estudos que relatam os resultados após longos períodos de uso do dispositivo. OBJETIVO: Revisar a evidência disponível na literatura para responder ao questionamento: "O Implante Coclear contribuiu de modo efetivo para o desenvolvimento das habilidades comunicativas em adolescentes e adultos jovens que cresceram usando este dispositivo?". MÉTODO: Para responder ao questionamento proposto, foi realizada a revisão sistemática da literatura. Diversas bases de dados eletrônicas e anais de congressos foram selecionados para localizar a evidência referente aos resultados do uso prolongado do IC. Os títulos potencialmente relevantes para responder ao objetivo da revisão sistemática foram recuperados e revisados usando um protocolo de análise dos dados. Para cada artigo incluído na presente revisão sistemática foi realizada a resenha em uma ficha protocolar e a classificação segundo o nível de evidência e grau de recomendação. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Quinze estudos contemplaram os critérios e foram incluídos na revisão sistemática. Os resultados descritos mostraram que a primeira geração de crianças implantadas alcançou níveis de competência linguística e acadêmica similares aos indivíduos com audição normal da mesma idade. COMENTÁRIOS FINAIS: O IC foi contribuiu de maneira efetiva para o desenvolvimento de habilidades comunicativas funcionais em adolescentes e jovens adultos que cresceram usando o dispositivo eletrônico.

Authors in the Mathematical Reviews/MathSciNet Database

The Physics-Astronomy-Mathematics Division Vendor Update Session at the Special Libraries Association 2010 Annual Conference in New Orleans had a panel of four representatives of organizations involved in author authority work. In my presentation I described the involvement of Mathematical Reviews/MathSciNet in author authority work, from the hand work done with file cards in 1940 through the present day work combining computer systems and hand work. This article is an expanded version of my comments.

Equivalence in the Translation of Phraseological Units. An Empirical

This article presents a contrastive analysis of the translation of a sample of phraseological units taken from the novel Rosario Tijeras and from its English version. Firstly, the elements affecting the equivalence in the translation of this kind of units are determined; secondly, each procedure used in the translation is identified; lastly, the degree of adequacy obtained is evaluated and the conclusions of the study are presented. The objectives included making a contrastive analysis which characterizes the type of equivalence achieved in the translation of the units in the corpus, identifying the kind of procedure used in the translation, evaluating the adequacy of the translation in each of the procedures used and proposing a method to evaluate the degree of adequacy in the translation of phraseological units. The method involved firstly, identifying the units in the source and target text and extracting them. Then, checking the phraseological status of the units against a series of lexicographic works and electronic corpora of reference, both in Spanish and English. The next step was determine the kind of semantic, morphosyntactic and pragmatic information that would characterize each unit and its English language counterpart to create the individual filing cards. This information was electronically stored in a lexicographic database, so it could be systematized and later analyzed. The results showed that loss or change of sense in the translation of phraseological units occurs when some components that make up the sense of the original units are not kept, when there is a wrong interpretation of the sense of the unit, or when the translator fails to recognize its presence. The procedures leading to this kind of loss have also been identified. On the other hand, some strategies have been identified which do not keep the elements that make up the sense of the unit, but which constitute appropriate translation equivalents in their context. The translation of phraseological units is particularly complex because with the procedures used it is not always possible to keep their pragmalinguistics and sociocultural components, which results in a significant loss of sense. Due to this complexity, some strategies and procedures for the translation of phraseological units should not be aprioristically considered as the most or least appropriate, and should only be evaluated in the context in which they are used. The results of this empirical study can be regarded as a method to evaluate the translation of phraseological units.

Aviation Equipment Maintenance Job Card Generation Method Based on Lightweight Model

To improve the accuracy of description and the clarity degree of guiding of aviation equipment maintenance job card, the method of maintenance job card generation based on lightweight model was proposed. This method applies multi-view 3D annotation method to implement the separation show for technical requirements from different maintenance discipline and operation timestamp, uses dynamic viewpoint navigation method to make the show of disassembly and assembly simulation process of parts conform to the observation habit of human, finally, transforms the maintenance order information into 3D portable job card file based on lightweight model and releases it to maintenance site. The maintenance application instance of right aerofoil shows that this method can realize the accurate, intuitive and non-ambiguous description, increase the efficiency and quality of maintenance.

Teaching Students to Infer Meaning Through Material Culture

Social studies students can learn to glean historical information from the study of material culture through active engagement as curators. Teachers can guide students through a pre-survey of helpful reading materials and then through selecting items of personal significance to them: creating labels that objectively describe the chosen items as to origin, composition, background, and provenance; exchanging the created sets of file cards; examining the cards received in the exchange; inferring factual information about the owner of the selected items; and sharing deductions with the class. From this exercise, students will have a chance to learn how historians, anthropologists, and other social scientists use critical thinking in their work, how much can be learned from material culture, and how missteps can result from overtheorizing.

Green synthesis and characterisation of spherical PbS luminescent micro‐ and nanoparticles via wet chemical technique

In this research, the authors present a simple and surfactant free procedure for the synthesis of spherical lead sulphide (PbS) micro and nano particles. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the crystal structure of PbS nanocrystals (NCs) was in its cubic phase. Also, the average crystallite size using Scherrer’s formula was ∼13 nm and the calculated lattice constant using Bragg’s equation was 0·5950 nm, which was very close to the value in the standard card (JCPDS Card File No. 5‐592). In addition, the samples were characterised by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X‐ray analyser (EDX), photoluminescence (PL) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The SEM and TEM images revealed that the synthesised particles had a well defined spherical morphology. Finally, the PL study showed that the emission spectrum was a strong and narrow band with high intensity centred at 655 nm which confirmed the high quality luminescence properties of the synthesised PbS NCs.

King Cotton: A Tribute to Douglas A. Farnie

Professor Douglas Farnie made a lasting impression on everybody who was fortunate enough to meet him. His enthusiasm for, and his encyclopaedic knowledge of, Lancashire's industrial and regional history (and specifically the region's hallmark, the cotton textile industry) was unprecedented. As the pre-eminent historian of the Lancashire cotton industry, his best known work was The English Cotton Industry and the World Market, 1815–1896 (1979; rev. ante, xcv [1980], 635–6). This comprised an empirical examination of the industry's search for foreign markets and its internal structural constraints, while also introducing new topics to the field, including the problems attributable to the co-operative model of ownership and the rise and fall of vertically integrated firms. In addition to his exemplary scholarship, Farnie will also be remembered for the support and kindness he demonstrated to both students and fellow researchers. Many of us were privileged enough to receive at least one file card of information which either answered a specific question or provided material he thought might be helpful for our research. It is therefore only fitting that a Festschrift be written to honour one of the most acclaimed economic historians in recent years, who influenced scholars around the world and whose scholarship will continue to influence historians for years to come. And, to that purpose, this book fulfils its aims.