Filicium Decipiens Research Articles

Imperata cylindrica is an aggressive and difficult-to-control weed in production forest areas. The use of plant-based bioherbicides offers an environmentally friendly alternative to reduce reliance on synthetic herbicides. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of extracts from Filicium decipiens and Swietenia macrophylla in suppressing the growth of weeds. The study was conducted using a Competly Randomized Design with five treatments: control, 25% and 50% F. decipiens extract, and 25% and 50% mahogany extract, and replicated 5 times. The parameters observed included changes in leaf color, survival rate, root length and diameter. The results showed that the 50% F. decipiens extract was most effective in reducing root diameter and plant survival rate (only 20% survived), while the 50% mahogany extract most effectively inhibited root length. The browning of leaves indicated tissue damage caused by phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and saponins. This study demonstrated that F. decipiens leaf and mahogany extracts have potential as effective and environmentally friendly bioherbicides for controlling sedge weeds.

Standardization and evaluation of glycerine drying techniques for leaf preservation in fern leaf tree (Filicium decipiens L.)

Climate change mitigation in the pharmaceutical industry is necessary for corporate conservation. This study aims to measure the carbon sequestration potential in the conservation area and the Seroto Block plantation area, evaluate the company's environmental management strategy, and analyze the success factors of the conservation program at PT Organon Pharma Indonesia. This study uses a mixed-methods approach with a sequential explanatory design. The research instruments include GPS, tree measuring tools, environmental sensors, and biomass assessment tools. Data analysis techniques include estimating biomass per tree, determining carbon stocks, calculating CO₂ equivalents, and evaluating the effectiveness of conservation strategies. The results show that the conservation area stores the most carbon (a total of 40.39 tons C/ha, equivalent to 462.56 tons CO₂), followed by the industrial area (a total of 10.77 tons C/ha, equivalent to 95.55 tons CO₂), and the plantation area shows minimal carbon storage (60.95 kg). Pinus merkusii dominated the conservation area (85.6% of carbon storage), while Mangifera indica, Pterocarpus indicus, and Filicium decipiens contributed 91.5% of carbon storage in the industrial area. Environmental conditions, which were optimal in the conservation area (24.3°C, 73% humidity, pH 6.3) and harsher in the industrial area (33.3°C, 56% humidity), had a significant impact on carbon sequestration. This study concluded that conservation areas have the highest carbon storage capacity compared to industrial and plantation areas.

Pohon adalah salah satu elemen penting pada lanskap kampus karena memiliki banyak fungsi, misalnya sebagai peneduh, penyerapan karbon, dan suplai oksigen. Sehingga, perawatan pohon menjadi hal yang harus dilakukan untuk mendukung keberlangsungan hidup dan fungsi pohon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi tingkat kerusakan pohon pada lanskap kampus UKSW Diponegoro. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling, dimana pohon yang dijadikan sampel adalah pohon yang memiliki diameter minimal 20 cm. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah Forest Health Monitoring (FHM). Teknik ini berfokus pada bagian fisik pohon, dimana indikator adalah bagian kerusakan, tipe kerusakan, dan jumlah keparahan. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 433 sampel pohon yang memenuhi kriteria minimal diameter 20 cm. Jenis pohon yang mendominasi lanskap kampus UKSW antara lain pohon Kiara  Payung (Filicium decipiens) dengan jumlah 55, Glodokan tiang (Polyalthia longifolia) dengan jumlah 35 dan Angsana (Pterocarpus indicus) dengan jumlah 57 pada kampus UKSW Diponegoro. Dari hasil analisis FHM ditemukan bahwa pohon yang mengalami rusak ringan sebesar 19 pohon, rusak sedang 410 pohon dan rusak berat 4 pohon. Kemudian, jenis kerusakan yang mendominasi pada seluruh pohon adalah patahnya cabang atau kematian, rusaknya daun serta perubahan warna daun. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah sebagian besar pohon di UKSW masuk dalam kategori rusak sedang dan kerusakan yang dialami oleh pohon tersebut meliputi patahnya cabang atau kematian, kerusakan pada daun, serta perubahan warna daun.

Indonesia memiliki banyak jenis tumbuhan yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan obat. Kerai payung (Filicium decipiens) adalah salah satu tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai tanaman obat karena mengandung senyawa kimia seperti alkaloid, tanin, steroid, flavonoid, terpenoid dan saponin yang berfungsi sebagai antioksidan. Tanaman ini dapat digunakan dalam berbagai bidang, seperti Kesehatan, lingkungan, pertanian dan industri makanan. Kebaruan dalam penelitian ini adalah menguji aktivitas antioksidan dari fraksi etil asetat ekstrak metanol daun kerai payung karena penelitian terdahulu masih sebatas meneliti uji antibakteri pada sampel yang sama. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk melakukan Uji aktivitas antioksidan di dalam fraksi etil asetat ekstrak metanol daun kerai payung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil) dengan alat spektrofotometer UV-Vis (Ultraviolet-Visible) pada panjang gelombang 515 nm dan vitamin C sebagai pembanding. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Aktivitas antioksidan dapat ditentukan dengan menghitung Nilai IC₅₀. Nilai IC50 fraksi etil asetat ekstrak metanol daun kerai payung adalah 19.97 ppm sedangkan nilai IC₅₀. Vitamin C sebagai pembanding adalah 3,19 ppm. Kesimpulan bahwa fraksi etil asetat ekstrak metanol daun kerai payung memiliki aktivitas antioksidan sangat kuat.

Kerai payung (Filicium-decipiens) merupakan tanaman yang termasuk kedalam keluarga sapindaceae, dengan penghasil saponin yang cukup beracun. P acne yaitu bakteri gram-positif yang bisa hidup dengan cara anaerob fakultatif (tidak ada oksigen). Kebaruan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan uji aktivitas antibakteri dari fraksi etil asetat ekstrak metanol daun kerai payung (filicium-decipiens) terhadap bakteri propionibacterium acne. Tujuan pengujian ini adalah agar dapat memahami aktivitas dari antibakteri ekstrak daun kerai payung dalam proses penghambatan perkembangan p acne. Ekstrak didapat dengan cara proses maserasi memakai metanol. kemudian diteruskan keproses partisi sampai didapatkan fraksi etil asetat. Konsentrasi fraksi etil asetat daun kerai payung dibuat dengan variasi konsentrasi sebagai berikut: 5 %, 10 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, 100 %. Uji tersebut dibuat memakai metode difusi cakram. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian didapat zona hambat terbesar pada konsentrasi ekstrak 75% yaitu konsentrasi paling efektif untuk menghambat pertumbuhan Propionibacterium acne karena mempunyai rata-rata zona hambat tertinggi sebesar 23,88 mm. Konsentrasi 5 %, 10 %, 25 %, 50 %, 100 % merupakan 7.25 mm, 8.88 mm, 9.00 mm, 9.63 mm, 13.00 mm. Kontrol positif(+) adalah Cifrofloxacin 41.38 mm. Kesimpulan bahwa fraksi etil asetat ekstrak metanol kerai payung (Filicium-decipiens) mempunyai aktivitas sebagai antibakteri P acne.

This research was motivated by the lack of optimal use of leaves in forest plants, while there are many types of leaves in the forest. One use of leaves is to use them as raw material for making liquid smoke. This research was conducted to determine the yield of liquid smoke on forest plant species from their leaves. The research method used is the pyrolysis method with indirect combustion. This research was carried out by treating forest plant raw materials, namely kerai paying leaves (Filicium decipiens L.), bungur leaves (Lagerstroemia speciosa), mahogany leaves (Swietenia macrophylla King), teak leaves (Tectona grandis) and sungkai leaves (Peronema canecens Jack). The results of the research showed that the results of liquid smoke from the 5 types of plant leaves, namely sungkai leaves, had the highest grade 3 yield of 23.83% and the lowest grade 3 yield, namely mahogany leaves, of 17.81%. In grade 2 sungkai leaves the highest percentage was 21.12% and mahogany leaves had the lowest yield with a percentage of 16.18%. Meanwhile, in grade 1, sungkai leaves have the highest yield percentage of 19.33% and mahogany leaves have the lowest yield, namely 15.03%.

Recently, leaf litter has been used as compost or piled up and burned openly in most regions of Indonesia. This litter has the potential for its lignocellulosic components as the source of sugars. Also, the leave skeleton structure is promising for creative industrial purposes. Besides, termites (Macrotermes gilvus Hagen) can digest lignocellulosic biomass containing high fiber. In this research, termite extract contained lignocellulases and was used in the leaf litter pretreatment process for sugar preparation and leaf litter biosoftening. This study aimed to extract termite enzymes, identify, evaluate the activity of crude enzymes, and characterize the hydrolytic ability of enzymes to degrade lignocellulosic materials in three different leaf litters, i.e., Polyalthia longifolia (PL), Pterocarpus indicus (PI), and Filicium decipiens (FD). The leaf litter biosoftening process was performed in pulp removal for Annona muricata (AM) skeleton leaf crafts making. The results showed that M. gilvus Hagen extract exhibited high activity of endo-β-D-1,4-glucanase (CMCase), moderate activity of avicelase, β-D-1,4-mannanase, β-D-1,4-xylanase, and low β-D-1,4-glucosidase. The optimum pH of CMCase, β-D-1,4-mannanase, and β-D-1,4-glucosidase were 6.5, 5.0, and 6.0, respectively, while the optimum temperatures were 40 °C, 50 °C, and 55 °C, respectively. Cellulases from termite extracts were suitable pretreatment of leaf litter biomass, as evidenced by saccharification activity, with the highest saccharification activity in FD leaf litter. Enzymes were also successfully employed to help remove AM leaf pulp at the volume of 100 mL for 14 days, with the removal efficiency at 98.7%.

Background: Air pollution is a threat to the environment. Sources of air pollutants in urban environments can be in the form of dust, heavy metals, and hydrocarbons. Plants can help clean air pollutants from the atmosphere by absorption through the stomata, accumulating them, or by adsorption on the leaf surface. The Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) is used as an evaluation benchmark for the Physiological conditions of plants exposed to air pollution. This research aims to study the physiological conditions of six tree species in air conditions in the Depok City area and to assess the plants' tolerance level based on the APTI calculation. Methods: The physiological parameters measured to calculate APTI were ascorbic acid, total chlorophyll, leaf extract pH, and Relative Water Content (RWC). The six tree species used as objects in this study were Artocarpus altilis, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Bauhinia purpurea, Ficus septica, Filicium decipiens, and Nephelium lappaceum. Results: Differences in the physiological conditions of six tree species in the Depok City area based on the average ascorbic acid values, total chlorophyll, leaf extract pH, and RWC. In addition, there are also differences in APTI parameters between the two research locations. Conclusions: Filicium decipiens is the plant species with the highest APTI, while Artocarpus heterophyllus has the lowest. Based on the APTI scores, Bauhinia purpurea, Ficus septica, Filicium decipiens, Nephelium lappaceum belong to moderately tolerant category, Artocarpus altilis belongs to an intermediate category, Artocarpus heterophyllus belongs to sensitive category.

Investigation on mechanical and of Sri Lankan timber species for construction applications

Fly ash-bottom ash of coal is a solid waste in many industries and electric power plants. One method to reduce that solid waste is by using it to produce artificial zeolite. The Filicium decipiens charcoal was added into artificial zeolite to increase its performance to adsorb water pollutants. The pumice stone is also used in this work as a source of silica. The manufacture of artificial zeolite was carried out by the hydrothermal method by optimizing the composition of sodium silicate from Lampung pumice silica, sodium aluminate from aluminum scrap, and charcoal of Filicium decipiens. From the characterization of the LCR meter, the optimum artificial zeolite obtains the conductivity value from 9.14×10-6 (S/cm) to 6.09×10-6 (S/cm), confirming that artificial zeolite is a semiconductor material. The highest conductivity of artificial zeolite will increase its performance as a catalyst and absorbent. The composition of the artificial zeolite after XRF characterization was aluminum, silica, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, Mangan, and ferrite. From the XRD characterization result obtained, the dominant phase is Zeolite-A. SEM-EDX characterization results obtained a spherical and cylindrical microstructure of artificial.

The purpose of this study is to determine the planting species in a campus environment and assess their suitability for enhancing the quality of life. The study area chosen for this research is the Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK) Campus Bachok, Kelantan. The objectives of this study are to identify the functions of planting at campus area and to make the suggestions of right planting selection. Using mix methods approach, survey and expert interviews was used to collect data in order to address the objectives to the fullest extent possible. A total of 200 respondents, including both staff and students from the faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, took part in the survey. The results shows the thirteen (13) dominant of planting species located around the campus area which are Samanea saman (Rain tree), Salix babylonica (Chinese weeping willow), Terminalia Mantaly (Umbrella tree), Khaya senegalensis (Mohagany), Tabebuai rosea (Trumpet tree), Acacia mangium (Brown salwood), Hopea odorata (Merawan siput jantan), Filicium decipiens (Fern tree), Syzygium polyanthum (Salam tree), Plumeria Frangipani (Kemboja), Schizolobium parahyba (Yellow jacaranda), Ixora Javanica (Siantan), Monoon Longifolium (Mempisang). Results indicate that functions of planting such as a barrier between roads, provided shaded area and to prevent landslide on the shore of the lake.

Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) was a chemical compound commonly used as a whitening and disinfectant agent. Kiara payung (Filicium decipiens), or the ferntree, was chosen as the object of research because easily obtained, has rapid growth, and thought to respond to alien substances' stress. The main purpose of this study was to find out the response of the ferntree plant, which is given stress from sodium hypochlorite. The research method used in this study was experimentation. The independent variable in this study was Sodium Hypochlorite Concentration (X), and the dependent variable was Sodium Hypochlorite Uptake Value (Y). Phytochemical analysis was performed using the argentometry and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) techniques. Correlation analysis were performed using IBM SPSS 26. This study showed that the concentration of sodium hypochlorite has a positive effect on the uptake value of sodium hypochlorite. Limitations and suggestions to this study were to check the absorption based on soil level and examine other parts of the plant in the future study. In addition, another factors to the independent variables, such as genetics and variations in sodium hypochlorite concentration should be further explored, so that correlation analysis stands more optimal. Keywords: Ferntree, Root, Sodium Hypochlorite, Stress

The campus as an educational facility is always designed to create comfort that can support the quality of learning in it so the concept of green open space has long been part of the development of the campus environment. This study aims to determine tree species on the FKIP Universitas Cenderawasih (UNCEN) Abepura Campus and their implementation in learning plant morphology in the Biology Education Study Program. This research uses an exploratory method. The results of research on the Uncen Abepura FKIP Campus environment found 13 species with 10 families in the category of trees with a diameter of 20 cm and above. These trees are scattered in various environments on the FKIP UNCEN Abepura Campus. The Arecaceae family consists of two tree species, namely Cocos nucifera L and Livistona saribus (Lour.) Marr. The Cupressaceae family consists of one type of tree, namely Cryptomeria japonica. The Sapindaceae family consists of two types of trees, namely Filicium decipiens (Wight & Arn.) and Pometia pinnata. The Fabaceae family consists of two tree species, Albizia saman (Jacq.) Merr, and Tamarindus indica L. The Moraceae family consists of one tree species, namely Ficus benjamina. The Lecythidaceae family consists of one tree species, namely Barringtonia asiatica (L.) Kurz. The Combretaceae family consists of one type of tree, namely Terminalia catappa L. The Anacardiaceae family consists of one type of tree, namely Mangifera indica L. The Oxalidaceae family consists of one type of tree, namely Averrhoa carambola L. The Clusiaceae family consists of one type of tree, namely Calophyllum inophyllum L. Implementation of This research is in the form of learning media in the form of a plant morphology practicum guide

The Filicium decipiens (umbrella sunshade) tree, known as ormo kiara ormo or ki soap, belongs to the Sapindaceae family, namely saponin-producing plants which are estimated to have high levels of saponins and toxicity. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of parasol leaves against Staphylococcus epidermidis. The extract was macerated using methanol as a solvent. The results of phytochemical screening showed that the parasol leaf contains phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins and steroids. Then proceed with the fractionation process of parasol leaf extract to obtain the n-hexane fraction with liquid:liquid partition using water:ethyl acetate = 1:1 as solvent. The antibacterial activity was tested using the disc diffusion method (Kirby and Bauer diffusion). The concentration variations of the n-hexane fraction were 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, control (+) cifroploxacin and control (-) DMSO. The highest concentration results were shown at a concentration of 75%, namely 12.52 and a decreasing concentration of 25%, namely 11.12, 100% concentration, 11.02, and 50% concentration, which was 10.62. While the concentration of K(+) namely Cifrofloxacin was 31.95. And shows that the largest concentration is targeted by a concentration of 75% which is 12.52.

Kerai Payung (Filicium decipiens) belongs to the Sapindaceae family, which contains several active compounds that can be used as antibacterial. This study aims to determine secondary metabolites contained in the parasol leaf and the antibacterial activity of n-hexane fraction of the parasol leaf against Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. Identification of compound components in the n-hexane fraction of Kerai Payung leaves was carried out qualitatively by TLC using a solvent ratio of n-hexane: ethyl acetate (9:1), (8:2) and (7:3). The best separation result was using nhexane:ethyl acetate (7:3) solvent to produce 7 spots visible at 366 nm UV. The antibacterial activity was tested using the disc diffusion method (Kirby and Bauer diffusion). The concentration variations of the n-hexane fraction were 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, control (+) cifroploxacin and control (-) DMSO (Dimethyl sulfoxide). The results of the antibacterial test against Staphylococcus epidermidis showed that the average value of the largest inhibition zone diameter was obtained at a concentration of 75%, which was 12.77 mm. The concentration groups of 25%, 50%, and 100% were 9.77 mm, 11.42 mm, 10.75 mm, respectively. Meanwhile, the K(+) group, namely Cifrofloxacin, was 31.95 mm.

The urbanization rate may give an adverse effect on a city. For example, it accrues the number of urban dwellers and induces the exploitation of land resources with a quick conversion rate, which leads to the degradation of the quality of the environment. This condition is exacerbated by deescalated green and open spaces (RTH) as a CO 2 absorber. CO 2 emissions in urban regions can be mitigated by exerting trees, which have a pivotal role in carbon uptake. This research imparts an analysis of plant species that are potential for absorbing carbon and storing biomass in green and open spaces in Ambon. The research method is quantitative by estimating biomass and carbon uptake of trees. Results indicate that trembesi (Samanea saman), linggua (Pterocarpus indicus), mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla), bintanggur (Calophyllum inophyllum), and kerai payung (Filicium decipiens) are typical trees planted in Ambon. The highest CO 2 uptake capacity (B = 110.95 tons/ha, CO 2 = 191.38 tons/ha) is identified in Trembesi (Samanea Saman), linggua (Pterocarpus indicus), the second-highest with a B = 61.66 tons/ha and CO 2 = 106.36 tons/ha, and Akasia (Acacia mangium), the third-highest with a B = 25.24 tons/ha and CO 2 = 41.69 tons/ha

The University of Sumatera Utara (USU) campus in Medan is a green space area with numerous social and environmental benefits. In the USU campus, trees were planted for providing inhabitant needs such as fresh air, pollutant absorber, medicine, wood, fuel, fiber, aesthetic, and food. One of the medicine, wood, and aesthetic species that grows on the USU campus is kerai payung (Filicium decipiens). Along with fallen trees and broken branches incidents, detection of kerai payung trees damage in the campus USU was needed to prevent undesirable incidents and provide recommendations for maintenance. This research aims to get information on the distribution and damage profile of Kerai payung. To determine and assess the damage profile, the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) approach was used. Research showed that the Kere payung diameter structure ranges from 8 cm to 74 cm. Based on FHM, damage types of Kerai payung trees in USU campus are as follows; broken or dead branch, open wound, brum in branch, loss of dominant tips, leaves change color and konk. While the damage location is found in branches, buds and tips, lower and upper bole, leaves and upper bole. Our research pointed out that maintaining activities still be needed to avoid further damages.

Silver nanoparticles has been used since ages, even till now it is exploited in almost all areas like medicine, textiles, industries, cosmetics, purification, dying and many more. There are many approaches which are used to synthesize silver nanoparticles. However, these approaches are either harmful to the environment or very costly. Therefore, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using leaves of Filicium decipiens eco-friendly and a very reliable method to procure AgNPs. Characterization of synthesized AgNPs were then done using UV-Vis spectroscopy and fluorescence which confirmed the formation of AgNPs, scanning electron microscope (SEM)confirmed its shape to be round and X-ray diffraction (XRD) determined its crystalline nature as face centered cubic structure. Furthermore, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) was also done in order to know the average diameter and zeta potential of AgNPs. However, it did not show potential results due to the aggregates formed during the green synthesis of AgNPs. In addition to this, anti-microbial test against bacteria such as gram negative (Escherichia. Coli) and gram positive (Bacillus.spc) were done using well-diffusion method and also its application of antimicrobial activity was tested over fabric to understand its application in textile industries. In both the cases, AgNPs showed more efficiency in gram negative bacteria than gram- positive.

Anti-Inflammatory, Antimicrobial and Enhanced Cytotoxicity of Methanolic Extract of Filicium Decipiens Leaves