Figurative Language Research Articles

La simbolica dello straniero nel Salterio

Who is a foreigner in the Hebrew Psalter? The article answers this question in two sections. First, seven terms referring to “foreigner” are examined to determine their individual characteristicsin the Psalms and their correspondence to biblical texts outside the Psalter. Second, other literary motifs are analyzed in a cursory reading of Psalms 105, 106 and 137. The Psalter outlines a partial picture of the foreigner, which is subordinated to theological and symbolic issues. The Psalms primarily recall the adventures of Israel, which had to frequently change its place of residence for various reasons. As a foreigner, deprived of land and permanent residence, he experienced the ups and downs of migrant life and ultimately strove to integrate into a new socio-cultural environment. Defending one’s identity and maintaining national and religious integrity is portrayed as a difficult process, at risk. Another type of foreigner in the Psalms is the non-Jew, individually or communally, who enjoys the social and legal protection to which the poor are entitled. Either he is a well-integrated member of society, or he remains unassimilated. In the latter case, his false words, harmful actions and physical hostility toward Israel come to the fore. Finally, in the Book of Psalms, terms associated with “foreigner” are part of figurative language. The vocabulary sometimes either evokes non-literal associations with foreign countries, nations and foreign gods, or denotes an emotional state of suffering and isolation. Moreover, key lexemes symbolize the transitory human condition, emphasizing the marginalization and even segregation of the petitioner from the household.

Impact of oxymoron features and deep learning techniques in the detection of sarcastic contents

Even though various features have been investigated in the detection of figurative language, oxymoron features have not been considered in the classification of sarcastic content. The main objective of this work is to present a system that can automatically classify sarcastic phrases in multi-domain data. This multi-domain dataset consisting of 67850 sarcastic and non-sarcastic data is collected from various websites to identify sarcastic or non-sarcastic utterances. Multiple approaches are examined in this work to improve sarcasm identification: 1. A Combination of fasttext embedding, syntactic, semantic, lexical n-gram, and oxymoron features 2. TF-IDF feature weighting scheme 3. Three machine learning algorithms (SVM, Multinomial Naïve Bayes, and Random Forest), three deep learning algorithms (CNN, LSTM, MLP), and one ensemble model (CNN + LSTM) The CNN + LSTM model achieves a Precision of 91.32%, Recall of 92.85%, F-Score of 92.08%, accuracy of 92.01%, and Kappa of 0.84 by combining the fasttext embedding, bigram, syntactic, semantic, and oxymoron features with TF-IDF method. These experimental results show CNN + LSTM with a combination of all features outperforms the other algorithms in classifying the sarcasm in both datasets. The sarcasm classification performance of our dataset and another sarcasm news dataset was compared while applying the above model.

Figurative Language Analysis Of Lado Ceremony In Kloangpopot Community In Doreng District Sikka Regency

Lado ceremony is a local cultural tradition carried out from generation to generation by the people of Kloangpopot community in Doreng district Sikka regency. This paper aims to determine how the process of the lado ceremony the types of figurative language and the meaning of figurative language used in the lado ceremony. Lado ceremony in Kloangpopot community is still implemented until now, where local people still believe in the lado ceremony as a way to fortify the rain during certain events, one of which in a wedding ceremony. The research method used in this Paper is a descriptive qualitative method, which uses data collection methods through observation and interview. The results showed that the Lado ceremony in the Kloangpopot community has several stages of the implementation process, starting from the preparation stage including ordering Pawang hujan services, preparing media tools and materials, then the core stage includes the implementation of the Lado ceremony carried out by the pawang hujan, then the closing stage of handing over souvenirs from the host to the pawang hujan as a form of gratitude for helping so that the host’s event process runs smoothly without rain. In the Lado ceremony there are also types of figurative language and their respective meanings, namely personification simile and repetition, the dominant type of figurative language is personification.

Composition Methods of the Soviet Architectural Avant-Garde

This paper explores the composition logic of the creativity of the Avant-garde masters and to identify the principles of the composition language of the architecture of modernism.To characterize the composition language of Avant-garde architecture, systemic, historical-genetic and semiotic methods of research are used. Architectural composition is interpreted as an activity that has its own semantic, morphological and syntactic features. In the example of Svoboda Square (the former Dzerzhinsky Square) in Kharkiv, the logical methods of artistic activity and thinking of the architects of the Soviet Avant-garde of the 1920-1930s are studied.At the beginning of the 20th century avant-garde movements were created artificially, consciously, by an act of will, and they strove to dictate their ideas, concepts and principles as universal and general. The architectural language of the Avant-garde is normative, ascetic and rigidly organized. Distinctive features of the artistic movements of the Avant-garde are the deep analyticity of thinking and the normativity of the declared requirements, abstract concepts and symbols. The logical principles of composition are often repeated thanks to stable semantic associations and are reflected in geometric structures and forms. Thus, the methods of compositional thinking of the Avant-garde form a monological system, i.e. they are internally holistic and normative, not allowing alternatives. It was possible to identify and show that the Avant-garde, as a monological language system, is characterized by the following features: internal integrity, self-sufficiency, normativity; stability of figurative language devices; restriction of freedom of artistic expression with the help of a concept, declaration, slogan, clear conceptual system.Researchers and designers should treat the phenomenon under study not as a “closed”, stylistically defined object, but see it as a complex historical process of structure formation based on an even more complex process of development of thinking and activity of architects and builders of a particular period.

Gaya Bahasa dalam Lirik Lagu “Epic Rap Battles of Presidency 2024”

Hip hop music continues to evolve utilizing innovative and often rebellious language. More than just background music, hip hop song lyrics act as verbal manifestos, social commentary and poetic expression. This paper explores the intricate relationship between language style and hip hop song lyrics. The method used in this research is a qualitative method. The data source in this research is the lyrics in the song entitled "Epic Rap Battles of Presidency 2024" sung by Andovi, Jovian de Lopez and Kristo Imanuel in the context of the 2024 Indonesian Presidential Election contestation. The data collection techniques are free listening and recording. The data analysis technique used is content analysis with a stylistic approach that focuses on the figurative language aspect. The results of the analysis show that the song lyrics of "Epic Rap Battles of Presidency 2024" utilize a number of figurative language including comparison consisting of hyperbole, personification, and metaphor; affirmation consisting of pleonasm, repetition, elepsis, and rhetoric, and satire consisting of sarcasm, irony, and cynicism. The use of figurative in song lyrics aims to create a beautiful impression and at the same time emphasize a number of messages that are meaningful to the intended parties, namely the presidential and vice presidential candidates in the 2024 Indonesian Presidential Election.

Natural Elements in Malay Proverbs: An Inquisitive Semantic Analysis

A proverb is one of figurative languages delivered from generation to generation aimed to be a guide in living life. Thus, people can learn many lessons through it. In Malay language, there are quite a lot of proverbs that have natural elements such as water, fire, earth, and wind/air in them. Unfortunately, learning about Malay proverbs in schools has not been able to restore the existence of Malay proverbs among young people. This study aims to introduce a different way of studying Malay proverbs, especially those with natural elements, namely by looking for the meaning and reason behind the choice of words in the proverb. By using the method of inquisitive semantics analysis in analyzing the data collected, this study was able to find four elements of nature in Malay proverbs namely the elements of water, fire, earth, and wind/air. Specifically, this study found a total of 8 proverbs with the element of water, 4 proverbs with the element of fire, 4 proverbs with the element of earth, and 4 proverbs with the element of wind/air. This study found the fact that Malay Society is indeed very close to nature as proven by the many natural elements found in Malay proverbs. In these proverbs, many things can be learned, for example, culture, history, and also the mindset of the Malay Society itself.

Homer and the Simile at Sea

In this paper I consider ways in which seawater––both on its surface and in its depths––opens up alternative forms of thought and expression in Homer, especially with respect to the body. By tracking the relationship between body and simile as it is mediated by the surface of the sea, I argue that water emerges as an especially mobile and adaptive medium for expressing the transformation that takes place between self and simile in Homer. In the Iliad, similes are well-known for bringing weather, waves, and other aspects of the natural environment into the poem, whereas in the Odyssey those aspects more often introduce similes of their own. I offer a reading of the shipwreck scene in Odyssey 5 to suggest that the body’s struggle to stay afloat is matched there, on a formal level, by the role of waves in drawing simile and body to the sea’s surface. I then address a different kind of figurative language (closer to metaphor and associated with grief) that takes place in the depths, through readings of scenes in Books 18 and 24 of the Iliad and Archilochus fragment 13.

A Dialectical Skazka: Depicting Nature’s Transformation during the First Five‐Year Plan

AbstractThis paper looks at how a metaphoric vocabulary borrowed from the skazka was used to illustrate dialectical materialism in popular science writing of the early 1930s. In examining the emergence and function of this new style, which I term “dialectical skazochnost',” I offer an explanation of the animated nature trope, which appeared frequently in texts for young readers during the First Five‐Year Plan. Rather than contradicting materialism, the anthropomorphization of non‐living matter in stories about “conquering nature” arose out of an effort to illustrate how natural forces previously considered immutable could be transformed for human use. A popular conception of dialectical materialism guided this use of figurative language, which had been scorned by radical critics during the skazka debates of the late 1920s. I look primarily at two books by M. Il'in, The Story of the Great Plan (1930) and Men and Mountains (1935), which exemplify the use of dialectical skazochnost'.

An Analysis of Figurative Languages Used in Disney Songs’ Lyrics by Naomi Scott and John Legend Featuring Ariana Grande

The research delves into the fascinating world of Disney songs and their use of figurative language, exploring how this impacts children's language skills and creativity. With the aim of closely analyzing three specific Disney songs, the study seeks to uncover how these beloved tunes effectively utilize different forms of figurative language to communicate important moral values. Through careful examination, the study identifies five key types of figurative language present in these songs: metaphor, simile, personification, hyperbole, and paradox. By taking a closer look at how Disney songs employ these various forms of figurative language to convey deeper messages that resonate with audiences, educators can gain valuable insights into using music as a powerful tool for facilitating language development and promoting moral understanding in young children. The study emphasizes the potential role that beloved Disney songs can play as effective educational tools for fostering greater comprehension of language and encouraging strong moral values among young audiences. Overall, this research serves as a valuable reminder of the importance of creative expression in education - demonstrating how even something as seemingly simple as a catchy tune can have profound impacts on children's cognitive and emotional development.

DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ON THE FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE FOUND IN POETRY COMPOSITIONS OF GRADE 10 WORLD LITERATURE STUDENT

This qualitative research employing discourse analysis aimed to identify the types of figurative language and their functions in the poetry compositions of Grade 10 World Literature students from three schools in Compostela West district, Division of Davao de Oro. The students created a poem consisting of five stanzas, each stanza consisting of five lines with the same theme about love. The study used the theory of Classification of Figurative Language of Tarigan (1985) and the theory of the Functions of Figurative Language of Perrine (1969). The researcher identified the types of figurative language and their functions after transcribing and thoroughly reading the poem. The data gathered revealed that out of the 17 types of figurative language, only nine were used. The students used figurative language to enhance their output creatively and make it more interesting. Each type of figurative language had different functions and meanings that touched the reader's emotions, created a connection with the reader, and conveyed ideas purposefully. It was also noted that many types of figurative language were not used. Hence, teachers must identify the strengths and weaknesses of the students to help them improve their writing and communication skills. This would enable the students to effectively express their thoughts and ideas through writing and speaking. The findings of this study are significant to the students, English teachers, and school administrators as figurative language can be used as a helpful tool in communicating emotions and ideas.

An Analysis of Figurative Language in Taufiq Rafat’s Poem “The Time to Love”

Figurative language reveals meanings and analyses. Therefore, the researcher focuses on this analysis in Taufiq Rafat's poem “The Time to Love." This research analyses language features and establishes meaning. There are three research problems: What are the kinds of figures of speech used in Taufiq Rafat's poem? What are the lexical categories indicated in Taufiq Rafat's poem? What are the content meanings of figurative language revealed in Taufiq Rafat's poem entitled “The Time to Love"? The study explores answers using a multilevel approach to the first and second research problems. Both are analyzed and based on two language levels: figures of speech and lexical categories. The third problem was answered by connecting the language features to reveal meanings in the poem.The findings are the answers to the research problem. The figures of speech used by the poet include alliterations, assonances, consonances, metaphors, personifications, and symbols. The lexical categories consist of nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and prepositions. The third research problem is to link each other to deliver the meaning that love, nature, and human life experience in the poem. From the two analysis levels, figurative language contributes the most to constructing the meaning.

Conceptualization of the metaphor of body parts lisanun ’tongue’ in the Koran: Cognitive semantic study

This research aims to describe the conceptualization of the metaphor of body parts lisanun 'tongue' in the Koran. The Koran, as a guide for Muslims not only uses denotative language to convey meaning, but also figurative language, one of the variants of which is metaphor. Metaphors are basically not just words but involve the human cognitive side as well. Therefore, to understand the message in the Koran, a deep understanding of the conceptualization of metaphor is required. One of the things that is often used as a metaphorical expression is parts of the human body. Therefore, it is an object that is close to human life. This research is descriptive and qualitative in nature, with the Koran as the data source. Data were analyzed using conceptual meaning theory, according to Lakoff and Johnson. The results of the research show that the body part 'tongue' in the Koran is often used metaphorically to express several things, namely (1) the tongue as an action, which consists of the act of mocking, the act of lying, the act of accountability, the act of reading, the act of not being fluent in speaking, the act of speaking, the act of exchanging news, (2) the tongue as speech, and (3) the tongue as language.

Critical Discourse Analysis of the Speech of Recep Tayyip Erdogan at the United Nations General Assembly

The research study entitled “Critical Discourse Analysis of the Speech of Recep Tayyip Erdogan at United Nations General Assembly” aims to analyze and find out the ways used by Recep Tayyip Erdogan in delivering his political speech using the Critical Discourse Analysis theory proposed by Fairclough and the theory of Persuasion postulated by Aristotle. During a political speech, the leader tries to express, declare, commit, emphasize, or motivate the listeners by using one’s ideology and power. Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is considered an effective approach to exploring the use of power and hidden ideologies in a text. The method applied in this research is the descriptive qualitative method. The transcript of Erdogan’s speech was taken from the mentioned web page (America Times News Service September 21, 2022) and the video (with subtitles) from YouTube which has 30 30-minute time duration. Both the transcript and video of the speech were used in the investigation of the data. His speech of Erdogan has been analyzed to show how using language, he motivated and persuaded his followers to comply with his cause. Based on the study's findings, it can be concluded that figurative language, modal auxiliaries, and personal pronouns are used very efficiently and widely in the persuasive discourse of Erdogan, and the rhetorical elements that most frequently have been applied are a combination of appealing using ethos and pathos.

An Analysis of Figurative Language in Three Michael Jackson’s Songs

This paper aims to discover the figurative language and its meanings in three Michael Jackson’s songs. It employed qualitative method to describe types of figurative language and its meaning in the song lyrics. The findings revealed five kinds of figurative language based on Perrine’s theory. The types of figurative language were Metaphor with 16 data (50%), Personification with 06 data (18.8%), Metonymy with 01 data (3.1%), Symbol with 05 data (15.6%), and Overstatement with 04 data (12.5%). It is concluded that metaphor is the most frequent type of figurative language used in three Michael Jackson’s songs.

METAPHOR ON SONG LYRICS IN THE ALBUM “BORN TO DIE” BY LANA DEL REY: A SEMANTIC ANALYSIS

This research aims to explore and analyze one of figurative language types; metaphors within the lyrics of Lana Del Rey's "Born To Die" album using a qualitative approach. According to Keraf, G. (2001). in Diction and Style (p. 139), "Metaphor is a kind of analogy that compares two things, but in the form of a short" (2001:139). Additionally, it focuses on identifying the various types of metaphors and understanding their functions within the context of the music. The analysis focuses on three types of metaphors: ontological, orientational, and structural, drawing from George Lakoff and Johnson's theory in "Metaphors We Lived By" (1980). Additionally, the study explores ten metaphor functions based on Karin and Robert Pittner's work in "Beitrage zu sprache & sprachen 2" (1998), encompassing expressive, cognitive, constitutive, ornamental, explanatory, aesthetic, heuristic, naming, referential, and persuasive functions. The research method involves a thorough examination of song lyrics to discern the contextual use of metaphors. Through the document study technique, data collection ensues, followed by a qualitative analysis to identify metaphor types and their associated functions. The research study on Lana Del Rey's "Born To Die" album on Spotify involves a preliminary study, problem formulation, and appropriate research method selection. Data collection involves analyzing lyrics, identifying metaphors, and categorizing data using metaphor theories. The study concludes with conclusions and discussion of findings. The analysis of metaphors in Lana Del Rey's "Born To Die" album reveals a total of 27 instances, with 10 ontological metaphors, 10 orientational metaphors, and 7 structural metaphors. Additionally, the study unveils metaphor functions, including expressive (12 instances), aesthetic (3 instances), cognitive (6 instances), persuasive (1 instance), referential (1 instance), constitutive (1 instance), explanatory (1 instance), ornamental (1 instance), and heuristic (1 instance). The anticipated outcomes of this study aspire to enhance comprehension regarding the pervasive role of metaphors in daily life.

Ibn Shahid’s Rhetoric of figurative language in his study “Altawwabi’ wa Alzawabi’”: a theoretical and applied study

Ibn Shahid’s Rhetoric of figurative language in his study “Altawwabi’ wa Alzawabi’”: a theoretical and applied study

Promoting Covid-19 Health Protocol through Indonesian Folk Songs

Compliance with health protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic is a crucial issue. Some segments of society tend to disregard the prevailing protocols due to a lack of awareness of their importance, making efforts to instill public awareness and adherence to health protocols a significant concern during this pandemic. Among the community's various initiatives, using folk songs as a medium for conveying messages and educating the public has gained prominence. This article aims to investigate the promotion of COVID-19 health protocols through folk songs. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach focusing on Indonesian folk songs addressing the theme of the COVID-19 pandemic, which are uploaded on YouTube. The findings indicate that Indonesian folk songs addressing COVID-19 issues articulate themes related to health protocols, social solidarity, calls for reflection, and prayers. These songs incorporate figurative language elements such as metaphors, personification, and hyperbole. The use of figurative language in these songs emphasizes content related to health, social issues, and religion. In conclusion, folk songs, in addition to providing entertainment, can convey educational messages to their listeners. Health promotion should explore creative avenues involving artists alongside conventional ways.

An analysis of figurative language in the interpretation of contemporary English poetry

This article examines the various facets of figurative language. This study considers figurative language from a traditional perspective as an embellishment of language and compares it with contemporary theory in literature especially in poetry. The main material for the analysis of figurative language in poetry is poetic texts of contemporary American poets like William Carlos Williams, Robert Frost, and Charles Bernstein. We selected 15 poems that contain a lot of figurative expressions and analyzed them namely “The Red Wheelbarrow”, “This Is Just to Say”, “To a Poor Old Woman”, “The Road Not Taken”, “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”, “Fire and Ice”, “Mending Wall”, etc. The authors conducted about evaluation of the use of metaphors, hyperboles, idioms, and similes. The most used figurative language in all the analyzed poems is metaphor. It occurred in all 15 poems. Figurative language adds an element of beauty and artistry to poetry. Metaphors, similes, and other figurative expressions infuse the language with color, imagery, and creative aesthetics that captivate the reader's senses.

PENGARUH KOMUNIKASI VERBAL BERBENTUK SINDIRAN ORANG TUA TERHADAP PERUBAHAN PERILAKU PEMUDA DI PERUMAHAN TAMAN ALAMANDA KABUPATEN BEKASI

The communication between parents and their childern can be affected to their behavior, especially to the childern in the youth age. Verbal communication between parents and their childern often do not achieve the desired goal, and one of the verbal communication used is satire. Satire is a figurative language style that does not show its true meaning. This study focuses on parental communication of satire that affects changes in children's behavior. This research uses quantitative methods, which is 54,2% respondent are women 45,8% are men, respondents are young man at age 19-24 th, in Taman Alamanda Block F. A total of 59 samples were used from the results of calculations through the method probability sampling, with technique simple random sampling. Measuring instrumet were used is Statistical Program for Social Science(SPSS) ver 25 with a reliability 0,85., such as the results of the determination test which showed that 18,8% verbal communication of parental satire has influence on children, as well as the results of hypothesis testing stating that thitung>ttabel, (3,628 > 2,002) which is Ho rejected, H1 accepted and the results of the significance test of 0.001 is smaller than the value of alpha (a) 0.05, which means that there is an influence of verbal communication in satire on behavior change over.

Figurative Language in Football Commentaries: A Neutrality Bias Analysis of the 2022 FIFA World Cup Final

Figurative Language in Football Commentaries: A Neutrality Bias Analysis of the 2022 FIFA World Cup Final