Fifteenth Day Research Articles

Acute Toxicity Study of Iron-21 Syrup in Female Wistar Rats

The iron-21 syrup is used for iron deficiency anaemia which supplies iron and calories a provide iron and calorie nutriment to recompense haemoglobin deprivation. The objective of this study is to determine acute oral toxicity of Iron-21 syrup in vivo in Wistar rats. Iron-21 Syrup formulation was given through the oral route. The syrup formulation was administered in three increasing doses of 3, 6 and 12 ml/kg body weight for concentration of 500, 1000 and 2000mg/kg respectively. The other group of rats designated as a control group was given the only vehicle orally. The test and control group contains five rats each. Tests, as well as control group rats, were sacrificed on the fifteenth day of treatment. The blood and tissue samples of test animals were sent for histopathological studies examination. Four parameters were observed throughout the study, and they are cage side observation, the effect to the body weight, haematological parameter and histopathology. All animals were survived till they sacrificed. No notable changes were found in behaviour, haematological and histopathology studies. The oral administration of Iron-21 Syrup is not shown any toxic effect in the animal at a given dose. Therefore, it is a safe remedy for human use.

Polyherbal formula (ASILACT\xae) induces Milk production in lactating rats through Upregulation of \u03b1-Lactalbumin and aquaporin expression

BackgroundPolyherbal formula (PHF) contains extract of Sauropus androgynous (L.) Merr., Trigonella foenum-graceum L., and Moringa oleifera Lam. considered to induce galactagogue activity. This research aimed to evaluate the galactagogue activity of PHF and its effects on α-lactalbumin (LALBA) as well as aquaporin (AQP) gene expression at messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels in mammary glands of lactating rats.MethodsThirty lactating Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 6), each has 7 pups. Group I was treated orally with distilled water as negative control. Groups II, III, and IV were orally administered with PHF at 26.25, 52.5 and 105 mg/kg/day, respectively. Group V was treated with domperidone 2.7 mg/kg/day, orally as positive control. The treatment was performed at third day until fifteenth day of parturition. The observed parameters include the galactagogue activity indicating by milk yield of lactating rats, the pup weight changes and lactating rats body weight changes during lactating period, mRNA expression of LALBA and AQP using quantitative Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) and histopathological analysis of mammary glands at the end of treatment period.ResultThe result showed that the PHF groups (52.5 and 105 mg/kg/day) and domperidone were significantly increased milk production of lactating rats (p < 0.05). The levels of mRNA expression of LALBA and AQPs were significantly upregulated by 105 mg/kg/day of PHF or 2.7 mg/kg of domperidone administration (p < 0.0001). Histopathological analysis of mammary glands shows that alveoli diameter was increase 14.59 and 19.33% at 105 mg/kg of PHF and 2.7 mg/kg of domperidone treatment, respectively.ConclusionThe study suggested that PHF has potentially to induce galactagogue activity on lactating period through upregulation of LALBA and AQP genes at the mRNA level.

The Doomsday Scenario Depicted by Frau Ava: The Question of Sources

The present article explores an excerpt depicting the scenario of the last days in the poem Das Jüngste Gericht (Eng. The Last Judgement), written by the first-named German female writer Frau Ava (circa 1060–1127). The study addresses the question of sources used in the depiction of the end times in the excerpt under consideration (lines 1–160). The study does not question the affinity between the scenes of the last days illustrated in the excerpt and the apocalyptic plot of the Latin texts of Pseudo-Beda (the turn of the 12th century) and Petrus Daminanus (1006–1072); however, it is assumed that Frau Ava may have drawn not only on the aforementioned Latin sources but also on the apocalyptic song Muspilli, written by an anonymous author circa 870. The analysis of the excerpt suggests that the apocalyptic narrative of Muspilli may have shaped the scene of the fifteenth day illustrated in the poem The Last Judgement. Moreover, Frau Ava, unlike Pseudo-Beda and Petrus Daminanus, does not refer to St. Jerome as a source of information but to wisten (Eng. wise men). As no evidence of other German apocalyptic texts referring to wise men, except for Muspilli, can be found, the study concludes that depicting the scenario of the last days in her poem, in addition to the Latin texts, Frau Ava used the song Muspilli as her source.

Nerolidol protects the liver against cyclophosphamide-induced hepatic inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis via modulation of Nrf2, NF-κB p65, and caspase-3 signaling molecules in Swiss albino mice.

Cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced hepatotoxic manifestations are major concern for patients undergoing chemotherapy, which often limit its therapeutic utility. Nerolidol (NER) is a natural bioactive molecule having potent gonadoprotective, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective properties but has not been explored for its hepatoprotective effect and underlying mechanism. Therefore, in the current study hepatoprotective potential of nerolidol was studied in CP-induced hepatic oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis via modulation of Nrf2, NF-κB p65, caspase-3, TGF-β1, and associated biochemical status in Swiss albino mice. NER (200, 400 mg/kg, p.o) and fenofibrate (FF) 80 mg/kg, p.o. were administered from first to fourteenth day and CP was administered at the dose of 200 mg/kg, i.p on seventh day. On fifteenth day, animals were sacrificed and estimation of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, histopathology (H E and MT staining), and immunohistochemistry was performed in the liver tissue. Administration of NER effectively normalized the elevated level of hepatic injury markers (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase), marker of oxidative stress that is, malondialdehyde, inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-10), NF-κB p65, apoptotic marker (cleaved caspase 3) and increased the level of Nrf2 and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, CAT, and glutathione). Treatment with NER further reduced the structural damage of hepatocytes and markers of hepatic fibrosis such as TGF-β1, hyaluronic acid, 4-hydroxyproline and collagen-rich stained area, estimated by MT staining. Findings of the current study showed that nerolidol exhibited potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-fibrotic potential and thus acted as hepatoprotective agent. Present study represents novel mechanism of nerolidol against CP-induced hepatotoxicity. However, further studies are needed to use nerolidol as an adjuvant in chemotherapeutically treated patients.

Nano-engineered nerolidol loaded lipid carrier delivery system attenuates cyclophosphamide neurotoxicity – Probable role of NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase-1

Neuroinflammation is one of the most common etiology in various neurological disorders and responsible for multi-array neurotoxic manifestations such as neurodegeneration, neurotransmitters alteration and cognitive dysfunction. NR (Nerolidol) is a natural bioactive molecule which possesses significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, but suffers from glitches of low solubility, low bioavailability and fast hepatic metabolism. In the current study, we fabricated nano-engineered lipid carrier of nerolidol (NR-NLC) for its effective delivery into the brain and explored its effect on neuroinflammation, neurotransmitters level and on dysfunctional behavioral attributes induced by CYC (cyclophosphamide). The binding affinity of nerolidol with NLRP3 and TLR-4 was performed which showed stong interaction between them. NR-NLC was prepared by the ultrasonication methods and particle size was determined by Zeta-sizer. Swiss Albino mice were divided into 5 groups (n = 6), assessed for behavioral dysfunction, and sacrificed on the fifteenth day following cyclophosphamide treatment. Brains were then removed and used for biochemical, histopathological, immunohistochemical and fluorescence microscopic analysis. Biochemical analysis showed increased levels of MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, acetylcholine esterase, BDNF, 5-HT and dopamine, and reduced levels of SOD, CAT, GSH, IL-10, along with significant behavioral dysfunction in cyclophosphamide-treated animals. Significant neuronal damage was also observed in the histological study. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated increased expression of NLRP3 and caspase-1. Fluorescence microscopic analysis showed significant availability of NR-NLC in the hippocampus and cortex region. In contrast, treatment with NR-NLC effectively mitigated the aforementioned neurotoxic manifestation as compared to NR suspension. Our results showed potent neuroprotective effect of NR-NLC via modulation of oxidative stress, NLRP3 inflammasome, caspase-1 and neurotransmitter status.

Evolution of Olfactory Disorders in COVID-19 Patients.

ObjectivesA high frequency and a strong association of olfactory/gustatory impairment with COVID‐19 were reported. Its spontaneous evolution remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the spontaneous evolution of olfactory disorders in COVID‐19 patients.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsA total of 229 patients with laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19 from March 1 through 31, 2020 in our institution were included. Among them, 140 patients (mean age, 38.5 years, 89 women) reported sudden olfactory/gustatory disorders during COVID‐19. All patients were interviewed by phone based on a questionnaire with 16 questions at time of survey. The primary end point was olfactory recovery rate at time of survey.ResultsThe frequency of patients with olfactory disorders was higher before March 20, 2020 than since (70.3% vs. 53.9%, respectively) (P = .016). At time of survey (26 days of the mean time from anosmia onset), 95.71% reported to start an olfactory recovery. The mean time from olfactory loss onset to recovery onset was 11.6 days. Recovery started between the fourth and the fifteenth day after olfactory loss onset in 78.4% of patients. Complete olfactory recovery happened for 51.43% of patients. There was a significant relationship between the complete olfactory recovery and a short time from olfactory loss onset to recovery onset (P = .0004), absence of nasal obstruction (P = .023) and absence of sore/dry/tingling feeling in the nose (P = .007) in COVID‐19 patients.ConclusionKnowledge of spontaneous evolution of olfactory disorders allows reassuring patients and planning therapeutic strategies for persistent olfactory dysfunction after having definitely recovered from COVID‐19.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:2667–2673, 2020

Effect of ionizing radiation on traditional and bacon “farofa”

Seasoned “farofa” is a typical Brazilian dish made with toasted cassava flour. It is known that ionizing radiation is widely employed to improve food products extending its shelf life. In this context, this work analyzes the effects of ionizing radiation on the rheological and physicochemical properties of bacon (BF) and traditional (TF) “farofa”. The samples were obtained from local markets (São Paulo/Brazil) and irradiated in the electron beam accelerator of Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN/CNEN-SP, São Paulo, Brazil) in doses of 1, 5 and 10 kGy, and analyzed on the first, fifteenth and thirtieth storage day. The results showed that the irradiated TF and BF samples displayed acidic pH throughout the storage period, regardless of dose increase. The different irradiation doses did not significantly affect (Tukey test p > 0.05) the water activity, keeping the products in the safe range. The colorimetric analysis, also showed no significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) among the samples and ionizing radiation doses, indicating that the yellowish coloration remained stable throughout the experiment. After the thirtieth day, the moisture of the TF and BF samples ranged from 7.06% to 9.75%. Irradiation had a significant impact on the viscosity profile and texture characteristics of the “farofa”, such as hardness, cohesiveness, and the springiness at 5 and 10 kGy.

Diversification of Protozoans, Rotiferans, Cladocerans and Coperodans from Panchaganga river, Ichalkaranji, M.S., India

The present paper deals with the study of Zooplankton community of Panchaganga river near Ichalkaranji, M.S. India. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of Zooplankton was done from two different sites, S1 - Ganesh temple and S2 - Shiradwad at regular interval of fifteenth day of every month. The different species of zooplanktons were identified. About 26 zooplankton species were recorded in five groups Protozoan, Rotifera , Cladocera, Copepode and Nematode.

Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery for the First Episode of Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a videothoracoscopic surgical (VATS) approach as the “first-line” treatment for primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP). One hundred sixteen patients who were diagnosed with pneumothorax and underwent surgery with VATS technique between January 2016 and January 2018 were included in the study. We observed 60 patients with a first episode of PSP and 56 patients with recurrent PSP who had undergone prior chest tube application. Surgery was done in the first 24 h after hospital admission. Duration of hospital stay and pneumothorax recurrence rate were recorded. Pain level was assessed on the fifteenth day after surgery using the numerical rating scale (NRS). Recurrent pneumothorax patients who were treated with chest tube application after their first episode were asked to evaluate their preference for surgery over chest tube via a questionnaire. Intraoperative bleb/bullous structures were detected in 102 (87.93%) of 116 patients. In the questionnaire of 56 patients with recurrent pneumothorax who had previously undergone chest tube, 44 (78.6%) stated that they would immediately accept operation instead of the chest tube, if recommended. The length of hospitalization was significantly less in patients who underwent surgery in the first episode. There was no statistical difference between pain scores. Employing VATS as the first-line treatment for PSP provides benefits of early return to normal daily life, better clinical satisfaction, and psychosocial outcomes.

Development of 131I-ixolaris as a theranostic agent: metastatic melanoma preclinical studies.

Tissue factor (TF), a blood coagulation protein, plays an important role in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Ixolaris, a tick-derived non-immunogenic molecule that binds to TF, has demonstrated in vivo inhibitory effect on murine models of melanoma, including primary growth and metastasis. This work aimed to: I) develop an efficient and stable labeling technique of ixolaris with Iodine-131(131I); II) compare the biodistribution of 131I and 131I-ixolaris in tumor-free and melanoma-bearing mice; III) evaluate whether 131I-ixolaris could serve as an antimetastatic agent. Ixolaris radioiodination was performed using iodogen, followed by liquid paper chromatography. Labeling stability and anticoagulant activity were measured. Imaging studies were performed after intravenous administration of free 131I or 131I-ixolaris in a murine melanoma model employing the B16-F10 cell line. Animals were divided in three experimental groups: the first experimental group, D0, received a single-dose of 9.25MBq of 131I-ixolaris at the same day the animals were inoculated with melanoma cells. In the second group, D15, a single-dose of 9.25MBq of 131I-ixolaris or free 131I was applied into mice on the fifteenth day after the tumor induction. The third group, D1-D15, received two therapeutic doses of 9.25MBq of 131I-ixolaris or 131I. In vitro studies demonstrated that 131I-ixolaris is stable for up to 24h and retains its inhibitory activity on blood coagulation. Biodistribution analysis and metastasis assays showed that all treatment regimens with 131I-ixolaris were effective, being the double-treatment (D1/D15) the most effective one. Remarkably, treatment with free 131I showed no anti-metastatic effect. 131I-ixolaris is a promising theranostic agent for metastatic melanoma.

Effects of Chelidonium majus and Ascophyllum nodosum Extracts on Growth and Photosynthesis of Soybean

Herbal extracts used in agriculture are formulated from plants (or other organisms) as alternatives to synthetic chemicals that could have adverse effects on growers, consumers, or the environment. In this study, the effects of two herbal extracts on soybean were assessed: &lt;em&gt;Chelidonium majus&lt;/em&gt; (C7: Celext 07) and &lt;em&gt;Ascophyllum nodosum&lt;/em&gt; (ST: Stimulagro). A standardized approach for germinating seeds and monitoring early seedling growth for 15 days (SOP-Soybean) was used to evaluate the effects of these extracts. Growth characteristics, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic rate were measured on the fifteenth day after sowing (DAS). A combination of &lt;em&gt;C. majus&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;A. nodosum&lt;/em&gt; (C7+ST), both 1 g L&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;, was the most beneficial treatment and significantly increased shoot height (13.2%), dry mass (10.7%), and photosynthetic rate (20.3%). In a separate experiment, foliar application of the same compounds was performed on the tenth and twentieth DAS, with sampling on the thirtieth DAS. Foliar applications with 1 g L&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; of &lt;em&gt;A. nodosum&lt;/em&gt; (ST) significantly enhanced the dry mass (23.5%), and the photosynthetic rate was increased even at 10 days after application (22.5%). Therefore, seedling exposure to &lt;em&gt;C. majus&lt;/em&gt; (C7) and &lt;em&gt;A. nodosum&lt;/em&gt; (ST) and foliar applications of &lt;em&gt;A. nodosum&lt;/em&gt; (ST) stimulated the growth and development of soybean. These natural compounds seem to have the potential to act as growth stimulants for soybean and should be tested for their capacity to improve field growth and yield.

SALT AND CRUDE PLANT EXTRACTS AS PRESERVATIVES IN A MEAT MODEL SYSTEM (GROUND PORK SHOULDER)

ABSTRACT Health risks associated with conventional preservatives and the trend of food healthiness have promoted a growing interest in alternatives of food preservation. These include the use of plant preservatives, condiments and their extracts. Using the indicators count of aerobic mesophiles and pH, the objective of this study was to compare the influence of salt content at the proportions of one, two and three parts with that of the addition of crude plant extracts on the time of preservation of a meat model system (600 g of ground pork shoulder). It was considered suitable for human consumption the treatment whose microbiological count of aerobic mesophiles, observed for 15 days, did not exceed 105 CFU/g. The components (salt and extracts) were mixed with the meat using a Stomacher Lab Blender. The treatment with the highest proportion of salt (three parts) remained viable for consumption for 10 days, while treatments with one part remained for four days and those with two parts remained for nine days. Treatments with “macela” or “laurel” did not statistically differ from treatments with one part of salt. The extracts of “hibiscus”, “clove”, “cinnamon” and “nutmeg”, in the plant:volume proportion (10 g:100 mL) tested, maintained the meat model system suitable for consumption until the fifteenth day. The pH of the treatments did not interfere with the shelf life of the meat model system. The results indicate the potential use of these extracts as preservatives in processed meat products.

Antihyperglycemic Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Foeniculum vulgare in Normal and Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats.

Diabetes mellitus is associated with high blood glucose levels due to insulin shortcoming (insulinopenia) or defective insulin action. The objective of the study was to investigate the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of Foeniculum vulgare in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. The effects of the leaves aqueous extract (LAE) of Foeniculum vulgare (F. vulgare) at a dose of 10 mg/kg on blood glucose levels were evaluated in normal and streptozotocin (STZ)- induced diabetic rats. Histopathological changes were also evaluated in liver in STZ-induced rats. Single oral administration of F. vulgare LAE reduced blood glucose levels 6 h after administration in STZ diabetic rats (p<0.0001). Furthermore, blood glucose levels were decreased in both normal (p<0.05) and STZ diabetic rats (p<0.0001) after the fifteenth day of treatment. During this test, both groups did not show any significant change in their body weight. Moreover, this aqueous extract improved oral glucose tolerance in diabetic rats and revealed a positive effect on liver histology. On the other hand, the extract used in this experiment showed an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 50% of free radicals with a concentration of 43±1.19 µg/ml. While the synthetic antioxidant (BHT) had an IC50 equal to 22.67±2.17µg /ml. This study demonstrates the antihyperglycemic, hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of the leaves of F. vulgare in normal and diabetic rats.

Degradation of the Textile Dye Reactive Black 5 by Basidiomycetes

Reactive Black 5 (RB5) is one of the synthetic reactive dyes most used in the textile industry, due to its solubility in water and reactive groups which form covalent bonds within the fiber. In the process of dyeing fabrics, however, it is estimated that 12-14% of dyes are released into the effluent. This work evaluated the biodegradation of RB5 dye, adsorbed in polyurethane foam, by basidiomycetes (Phanerochaete chrysosporium ATCC 24725, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus floridae). Results were evaluated considering the partial- or total medium discoloration, the adsorption capacity of the dye in the polyurethane foam (PUF) and the respirometric measurements. The results showed that Phanerochaete chrysosporium was able to partially degrade 50 mg L-1 of RB5 in pH 6.0, when cultivated in Petri dishes. When this microorganism was cultivated in PUF cubes saturated with RB5 solution (50 mg L-1, pH 6.0), CO2 production reached an accumulated value of 2.16 mg on the fifteenth day, revealing the growth of the microorganism and consequently the contaminant degradation, which was used as the source of nutrients.

Longitudinal study of rotavirus C VP6 genotype I6 in diarrheic piglets up to 1week old.

The reports of rotavirus C (RVC) involvement in diarrhea outbreaks in newborn piglets have been increasing in recent years. This longitudinal study, conducted over a 37-day period, aimed to evaluate the frequency of RVC infection in piglets aged up to 7days obtained from a pig herd with a previous diagnosis of RVC infection in this age group. Piglets from 50 different litters were monitored daily for the occurrence of diarrhea, and all litters were classified into the following categories: sow parity order (PO) 1 to 5; litter size (LS) ≤ 10 piglets and > 10 piglets; and piglet birth weight (BW) 1.2 to 1.3kg and > 1.3 to 1.4kg. Two hundred six diarrheic fecal samples were collected and classified according to the fecal consistency score (pasty, semiliquid, liquid). Ten fecal samples were collected from asymptomatic piglets (control group). Fecal samples were screened for rotavirus (RV) by silver stained-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (ss-PAGE), and samples with inconclusive and negative-ss-PAGE results were submitted to RVC VP6 gene amplification by RT-PCR. RVC was identified in 71 (34.5%) samples, in 1 (10%) sample of the control group, and in piglets from 33 (66%) litters. The electrophoretic profile of RV species A was identified in only two samples. Of the 72 RVC-positive samples, 51 (70.8%) presented semiliquid or liquid consistency. There was no significant difference in either group regarding the production parameters (PO, LS, BW) evaluated. An analysis of the whole VP6 gene of three RVC field strains collected on the first, fifteenth, and last day of the experiment enabled us to identify genotype I6. This report describes the first longitudinal study examining epidemiological aspects of RVC infection in newborn piglets.

Billroth I Technique Application After Resection of Gastric Leiomyoma in a Dog

Background: Gastric neoplasia is rare, corresponding to less than 1% of cases, with a lower prevalence of those involving smooth muscle tissues. In these cases, clinical signs worsen in the occurrence of pyloric obstruction, leading to clinical manifestations such as chronic emesis. The exeresis of the neoplasm is promoted as a therapeutic measure to reestablish gastrointestinal flow. There partial gastrectomy followed by gastroduodenal anastomosis, using the Billroth I technique, is among the available surgical techniques. The therapeutic success of the Billroth I technique after pylorectomy was reported in a dog with gastric leiomyoma.Case: Canine, poodle, 9 years old, 9.5 kg, with a history of chronic vomiting starting three months ago, progressive weight loss, and melena, previously treated by another Veterinarian as idiopathic gastroenteritis. The physical evaluation of the animal showed a state of normal consciousness, body score 4/9, pale ocular and oral mucous membranes, respiratory rate 20 mpm, heart rate 166 bpm, a rectal temperature of 37.9 °C, and dehydration degree of 8.0%. Blood count showed normocytic normochromic anemia and leukocytosis with shift to the right. Radiographic and endoscopic examinations were not noteworthy. Endoscopic biopsy after a histopathological evaluation showed no cellular or tissue atypia. On the other hand, abdominal ultrasound assessment revealed thickening with loss of echotexture and definition of the muscular layer of the gastric wall, pyloric and duodenum region compatible with benign antral muscle hypertrophy and/or pyloric neoplasia. The animal worsened five days after the initial treatment, with progressive episodes of emesis and melena, opting for an exploratory laparotomy. A mass of firm consistency measuring approximately 2.5 × 6.0 cm in diameter was found in the pyloric region, opting for a pylorectomy. The excised fragment was sent for histopathological examination. Then, gastroduodenal anastomosis was performed using the Billroth I technique. After the surgery, a pasty diet was introduced orally, without using gastroenteric tubes. Dry food was offered ten days after the surgical procedure. The animal returned for clinical reevaluation on the fifteenth day and was clinically well. Histopathological examination revealed a diagnosis of gastric leiomyoma.Discussion: The casuistry of gastric neoplasia in dogs has a low incidence, with an occurrence of less than 1%, with adenocarcinoma being the most common type. However, there are less frequent reports of other gastric neoplasia, such as smooth muscle tumors. Abdominal ultrasonography is indicated for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal changes, proof of which ultrasonography was of paramount importance in this case. The surgical procedure of pylorectomy guaranteed a margin of one centimeter, meeting the principles of oncological surgery. Absorbable monofilament suture materials are the choice for the synthesis stage in hollow organs, being used in this case. The most-reported expected complications of gastrointestinal surgeries aiming at removing neoplasms are vomiting, anorexia, melena, hematochezia, hematemesis, necrosis with anastomotic ulceration, and, consequently, septic peritonitis, which were not reported in this case. The life expectancy of patients with gastric neoplasia is quite variable, with longer survival in cases of benign neoplasia. Therefore, the type of neoplasia in this case, together with the appropriate choice of therapy and the appropriate performance of the technique, was important for the good result achieved.

Effect of Telenursing on Level of Anxiety in Parents of Hospitalised Premature Neonates in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Introduction: Hospitalisation in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) as a closed chamber, separates neonates from their parents and causes anxiety in the parent's mind. Nurses can provide a great volume of information in a short period by telenursing. Aim: To evaluate the effects of telenursing through phone calls on the anxiety levels in parents with neonates, hospitalised in the neonatal intensive care unit. Materials and Methods: This before-after Quasi-experimental study, with a control group, was conducted from November 2018 to April 2019 among parents of premature neonates admitted in NICU of Mofid Children's Medical Centre, Tehran, Iran. They were selected through the convenience sampling method, 60 individuals were selected for this research, and they were divided into 30 participants for intervention and control groups. In the intervention group, 15 telephonic conversations between parents and nurses were done totally for 15 days. During these phone contacts, the researcher provided information to one of the parents about the neonate's respiration, recent vital signs, consciousness level, sleeping rhythm, feeding. The data was collected by using the self-report Beck Anxiety Inventory, and socio-demographics questionnaires. The Beck Anxiety Inventory was filled out once before the intervention and then after phone calls on the first day and fifth, tenth and fifteenth day of admission in the intervention groups. This was also filled out in control groups and were compared in both the groups. Results: The findings indicated that there was a significant difference in terms of anxiety in the intervention group before (51.80 +/- 11.2) and after (25.1 +/- 3.4). There was a significant statistical difference between the intervention group and the control group in the fifth, tenth and fifteenth day of hospitalisation (p=0.001). The anxiety level in the control group before (52.45 +/- 11.9) and after (50.43 +/- 10.18) intervention showed no significant difference. Conclusion: The telenursing intervention was effective in reducing anxiety in parents who had their premature neonates in NICU.

The Impact of Fasting on Metabolic and Anthropometric Parameters in Type II Diabetic Patients: A Prospective Observational Study

Introduction: Fasting has certain effects on metabolic and anthropometric parameters in diabetic patients. It is therefore, necessary for patients to receive proper instructions about their physical activities, eating habits, blood glucose monitoring and medications. Aim: To investigate the effects of fasting on metabolic and anthropometric indices in type II diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was performed during Ramadan 2018. The study population consisted of 40 type II diabetic patients (33 females and 7 males) who wished to fast. They started to follow given instructions on their physical activity, eating habits, blood glucose monitoring, and medications before Ramadan. Anthropometric variables were measured pre and post-Ramadan. Fasting Blood/Plasma Glucose (FBG/FPG), Glucose 2 Hour Postprandial (2h PPG), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and the lipids profile were assessed before and after Ramadan. FPG and 2h PPG were also evaluated on the fifteenth day of Ramadan. Data were presented as mean±SD. Paired t-test was employed and a p-value of &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: After completion of the study, anthropometric variables of patients, including weight (74.9±12.7 vs. 73.0±13.1 kg, p&lt;0.001), BMI (29.9±5.2 vs. 29.0±5.1 kg/m2, p=0.042), waist circumference (106.2±11.8 vs. 105.3±11.6 cm, p&lt;0.001), conicity index (9.94±0.96 vs 9.80±0.99, p=0.085), systolic blood pressure (118.5±10.6 vs. 113.8±9.4 mmHg, p=0.018), Diastolic blood pressure (72.0±7.9 vs. 68.3±7.0 mmHg, p=0.02) and FPG (125.1±27.4 vs. 105.2±21.4 mg/dL, p&lt;0.001) decreased significantly. However, serum triglyceride increased significantly (127.5±45.5 vs. 166.5±53.5 mg/dL, p&lt;0.001) after fasting compared to pre-Ramadan measurements. Changes in other variables were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that fasting had beneficial effect on fasting blood glucose level and anthropometric parameters in type II diabetic patients.

P1722 Post myocardial infarction pericarditis or subacute left ventricular free wall rupture after acute myocardial infarction- a role of multimodality imaging

Abstract Introduction Moderate to severe pericardial effusion (PE) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) can be associated with a broad spectrum of etiologies like left ventricular free wall rupture (LVFWR) or post- myocardial infarction pericarditis (PMIP). We present a case of successful medical treatment of patient with subacute LVFWR after AMI, initially managed as PMIP. Case Presentation A 60- year- old man with a history of hypertension was admitted with persisting chest pain for 72 hours, with diagnosis of ST- segment elevation AMI of inferior wall. Patient underwent a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the right coronary artery as the AMI culprit vessel. Two days after PCI patient experienced progressive sharp chest pain, dyspnea and low- grade fever. Clinical evaluation revealed elevated inflammatory markers and pericardial rub. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) showed PE up to 10 mm. Patient has been diagnosed and treated as PMIP. During further observation patient had TTE performed repeatedly. Four days after PCI TTE revealed PE of 20 mm thickness and suspicion of subacute LVFWR of the lateral wall. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) confirmed the diagnosis. Due to hemodynamic stability, the patient received only medical treatment. During further hospitalization TTE was performed every day. On fifteenth day both TTE and CMR didn’t reveal any rupture. Moreover patient was readmitted 6 weeks after initial hospitalization and TTE again did not show the LVFWR. Discussion Post AMI patients with PE who fulfill pericarditits diagnostic criteria should be managed as having PMIP. Nevertheless LVFWR should also be considered as frequent diagnosis of PE. Echocardiography is crucial in the prompt diagnosis of PE. In our presented case, the TTE did not show initially the LVFWR, only repeatedly performed investigation showed the increasing amount of PE and raised suspicion of subacute LVFWR, which was confirmed in CMR. CMR has become a tool providing accurate diagnosis and visualization of the localization of rupture. Moreover CMR imaging can show LVFWR revealing whether the hematoma is circumscribed to the myocardium or communicates with ventricular cavity or the pericardial sac. LVFWR is a catastrophic complication accounting for a significant proportion of in-patient deaths. It is accepted that emergent surgical repair is the cornerstone treatment for patients with LVFWR. However, similarly to ours, some cases with fairly good survival rates following isolated medical treatment have been reported. This clinical situation stands somewhere between the insidious free rupture into the pericardial cavity and the formation of the pseudoaneurysm. Conclusions Our presentation illustrates the usefulness of repeated multimodality imaging for the diagnosis and follow up of patients with PE after AMI. Our case also underscores the value of a conservative approach as a valid alternative to surgery in some patients with subacute LVFWR.

HPLC characterization, acute and sub-acute toxicity evaluation of bark extract of Rhizophora mucronata in Swiss Albino mice

AimRhizophora mucronata, commonly called as ‘red mangrove’ grows in the tropical and sub-tropical regions and on the sheltered shores. The bioactive compounds from the plant have been used in the treatment of wide range of diseases. Though the beneficial effects have been reported, the safety and toxicological studies are not carried out. Hence, major bioactives have been identified by HPLC and then acute and sub-acute toxicity studies of (BERM) in Swiss Albino mice have been carried out. Main methodsHPLC fingerprinting was carried out of BERM for the characterization of bioactives. BERM as a single dose was given orally at 800, 1600 mg/kg and 3200 mg/kg by a stainless steel cannula to the mice. Then the mice were observed for 14 days for mortality and behavioural changes. Food, water intake and body weight changes were also observed throughout the study period. On the fifteenth day, the mice were anesthetized with isofluorane and blood was withdrawn for haematological and biochemical analysis. The animals were sacrificed by overdose of isofluorane and organs such as liver, kidney, lungs and spleen were dissected out for histopathological analysis. There was no mortality of the mice even in 3200 mg/kg dose, stating that the oral LD50 of BERM is more than 5000 mg/kg. In terms of Sub-acute toxicity, for a period of 28 days repeated dose of 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg as an optimum dose and a control group was kept with only distilled water at 5 ml/kg against the treated groups. On 29th day, the mice from all groups were sacrificed and blood was withdrawn and organs such as liver, kidney, lungs and spleen were dissected out for the assessment of internal tissues, wherein no abnormalities were observed in the treatment groups as compared to the control. The blood parameters, biochemical analysis of the treated groups were well within the range, histopathological confirmed the findings wherein the organs viz, liver, kidneys, lungs and spleen possessed normal architecture. Key findingsBased on HPLC results, prominent 5 major compounds viz: Diadzein, Epicatechin, Hesperidin, Diosmin and Quercitrin respectively were identified. Isolated changes observed in the haematological, biochemical and histopathological studies were not dose related and showed the safety of the bark extract. Similarly, the sub-acute toxicity of BERM has been conducted for 28 days, wherein repeated dose of 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg and control group was given orally. There were no abnormalities found both in external and internal parameters. SignificanceBased on the study it is concluded that the bark extract of Rhizophora mucronata (BERM) is safe at 1000 mg/kg or less on repeated dosage can be considered as a safe dose for pharmacological efficacy studies.