Fieldwork Phase Research Articles

Maternal Role Attainment in Mothers with Term Neonate: A Hybrid Concept Analysis.

Background:A review of the literature shows that there is little consensus on the practical definition of maternal role attainment in the field of neonatal nursing care. The initial interaction between mother and neonate most often begins in the hospital and can be influenced by neonatal nurses, so it is necessary to clarify this concept in nursing. The purpose of this study was to show the basic characteristics and practical definition of maternal role attainment in mothers with term neonate in a new context.Materials and Methods:This study used a hybrid model three-step concept analysis: theoretical, fieldwork, and final analysis phases. At theoretical phase, articles indexed in credential databases were searched using keywords. Totally, 33 articles were analyzed. At fieldwork phase, 12 participants were interviewed. At final phase, the findings of the two earlier phases were analyzed. The study lasted from August to November 2018. After determining the attributes, antecedents, and consequences, a final definition of maternal role attainment was introduced.Results:The concept of maternal role attainment was defined as “a developmentally, interactive, adaptive, and committed multi-dimensional process based on the discovery of pregnancy, characteristics of the mother, receiving social support, which leads to maternal identity, formation of maternal skills, resiliency, development of newborn, improvement of mother-newborn interactions and increased well-being of the mother”.Conclusions:This study identifies the concept of maternal role attainment in nursing, providng a good basis for evaluating and applying this concept.

The Role of the Arts in the Digital Transformation

This paper explores how the arts may instil or impede change for better or for worse, drawing parallels from previous thinking on transformation achieved through the arts with the current set of challenges our society faces as part of ongoing digital transformation. We propose a set of four interrelated mechanisms through which the arts are intertwined with processes of change, finding that the arts foster empathy and a notion of care while radically empowering imagination and bestowing capabilities to act on change. We then proceed to discuss these mechanisms in the light of digital transformation and put forward a set of proposals regarding the agency of the arts. These proposals will be empirically validated and leveraged in the subsequent field work and innovation phases of the project. This overview will conclude with some key findings as well as an outlook on critical questions for future research on the potential of the arts for empowering positive change in the context of digital transformation.

Partnership between staff and family in long-term care facility: a hybrid concept analysis

ABSTRACT Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the attributes and verify the definition of the partnership concept using the hybrid model. Methods A hybrid model was used to develop the concept of partnership. The hybrid model consists of three phases: theoretical, fieldwork and final analytical. In the theoretical phase, a working definition of partnership was developed by an extensive review with 35 studies. The fieldwork phase comprised seven focused-group interviews with 35 participants consisted of 25 facility staff and 10 family caregivers in long-term care facilities. The final analytical phase compared and interpreted the findings from the first and second phases in order to clarify the concept of partnership. Results The concept of partnership was found to have two dimensions: interpersonal and environmental dimensions. The seven attributes emerged from this study. They included relationship, information sharing, shared decision-making, professional competence, negotiation, involvement in care, shared responsibility. Conclusions The partnership between family and staff in long-term care facilities was defined as an ongoing and dynamic process associated with interpersonal and environmental factors. Based on the results, it can be suggested that the development of a tool for measuring partnership and an effective program for enhancing to establish a collaborative relationship.

A hybrid concept analysis of fall risk appraisal: Integration of older adults' perspectives with an integrative literature review.

This study aimed to define the concept of fall risk appraisal (FRA) and its measures by integrating the older adults' perspectives with an integrative literature review. Appraised fall risk is based mainly on either subjective or objective measures, which may result in inaccurate predictions of fall risk. This study was developed based on three phases of the hybrid concept analysis including a theoretical phase, a fieldwork phase, and an analytic phase. Eleven articles were selected to review in the theoretical phase. Qualitative data from in-depth interviews and focus groups in the fieldwork phase were used to compare and integrate into the analytic phase. FRA is a two-dimensional assessment of fall risk in older adults. Two independent dimensions were defined as (a) physiological fall risk dimension reflecting physical or body function, which may decline with age, and (b) perceived fall risk dimension reflecting the older adults' perception of their likelihood to fall. FRA consists of two categories including adaptive fall risk appraisal and maladaptive fall risk appraisal. A practical definition of FRA and its measures could be extremely valuable for supporting the need for fall risk assessments and would be integral to nursing practice.

Coping with Disease in Multiple Sclerosis Patients : A Concept Analysis

Background and Objective: Coping with disease can lead to disease recovery and improve quality of life in people living with multiple sclerosis; therefore, correct definition of this concept is essential. Different dimensions of coping have been emphasized in various studies. This study was aimed to define, clarify and analyzing its concept in people with multiple sclerosis.
 Materials and methods: In this study, analysis was conducted using the hybrid model in three phases. In the theoretical phase, literature on coping with MS was reviewed until 2016. In the field work phase, in-depth interviews were conducted with 11 people with MS. The conventional content analysis was used in two theoretical and field work phases using Graneheim and Lundman stages. Then, the results of two phases were combined in the final analysis phase.
 Results and Discussion: The literature review in the theoretical phase revealed five features of coping: accepting the current situation, Self-regulation, Self-efficacy, Multi-dimensional, complex and dynamic nature and Maintenance of effect balance. In the field work phase, maintenance and development of human interactions were added to the features of the concept.
 Conclusion: Considering these characteristics is necessary in planning to improve coping and quality of life for people living with MS.
 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(1) 2020 p.64-72

Interviewer Effects on Cooperation during Initial and Refusal Conversion Fieldwork Phases in Telephone Panel Surveys

Specific interviewer characteristics, interviewer continuity, or matching interviewer and household characteristics may increase cooperation, especially for difficult-to-convince households. In face-to-face surveys, unobserved heterogeneity often makes a proper analysis of interviewer effects impossible. Although surveys conducted in telephone centers usually assign households to interviewers at random, there is less research on interviewer effects on cooperation, probably because telephone surveys produce smaller effects. Using data from a large telephone panel survey, I find interviewer effects only for households that refused to participate in a previous wave. Interviewer continuity or matching interviewers and households on sociodemographic variables has weak effects for any type of household. Interviewer experience has positive effects for previously refusing households only. Telephone survey organizations therefore only need to worry about using specially trained interviewers for refusal conversion calls, while specific assignments of interviewers to households are not necessary.

Social Adjustment of Adolescent Cancer Survivors: A Concept Analysis.

PurposeThis study aimed to identify the attributes of social adjustment among adolescent cancer survivors using concept analysis and to propose a definition of the concept.MethodsIn accordance with the hybrid model of concept analysis, this study employed a three-phase circular process comprising theoretical, fieldwork, and final analysis phases. A thorough literature review was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, and Korean databases, followed by qualitative fieldwork with seven participants. The results derived from the theoretical and fieldwork phases were integrated into the final analysis phase.ResultsFour attributes of social adjustment were found in adolescent cancer survivors: having harmonious relationships with friends, having harmonious relationships with boy/girlfriends, fulfilling their present roles, and planning for and expecting future roles. The following definition of social adjustment of adolescent cancer survivors is proposed: “the conquering of difficulties arising from the continuum of childhood cancer and the achievement of the developmental tasks of typical adolescents.”ConclusionSocial adjustment of childhood cancer survivors is crucial for integrating them into society. The findings of this study provide a basis for developing an instrument to measure the social adjustment of adolescent cancer survivors and for developing of interventions that target this group.

Professional Competence in Nursing: A Hybrid Concept Analysis

Objectives: Nurses, as the largest group providing health care services, play a critical role in the continuity of care and respond to services commensurate with their competence. Professional competence in nursing is a complex and ambiguous concept and needs the redefinition of competence and development of its definition and concept. In this study, we aimed to conceptually analyze professional competence in nursing. Methods: In this study, a hybrid concept analysis was used. In the literature review phase, the concept of ‘competence’ was investigated through valid databases limited to 2000 - 2018 and the participants’ experiences also appeared in the fieldwork phase. In the fieldwork phase, the participants revealed some aspects of professional competence in nursing, which were not well-addressed in the literature. Finally, the comprehensive definition of professional competence in nursing was presented after integrating the findings obtained in these two phases. Results: According to the findings, professional competence in nursing is a combined, complex, multidimensional, and context-dependent concept, and consists of different domains. Based on the analysis results of the fieldwork phase, this concept was classified into 16 domains and the participants largely contributed to the provision of a comprehensive definition based on the definitions of professional competence presented in the literature. Conclusions: Based on the domains of professional competence in nursing obtained from this study, an appropriate instrument can be developed to assess professional competence in nursing for students and nurses.

Nurse's social responsibility: A hybrid concept analysis in Iran.

Background: Social responsibility in nursing is a complex concept that is completely associated with the context and healthcare system of every society. This study was conducted to analyze the concept of nurse’s social responsibility in Iran. Methods: This analysis was done using a hybrid model, which consists of three phases: a literature review in the theoretical phase, semi-structured interviews in the fieldwork phase, and combination of the results of the two previous phases in a final analytical phase. Results: The four main themes extracted in the theoretical phase included: "Multi-dimensional and comprehensive approach", spirituality-based, learner-based and an evolutionary-process. In the fieldwork phase, all the themes obtained in the previous phase were confirmed, and one more theme emerged as "being relative". In the final phase, with the combination of the results of two previous phases, the final definition of the concept was presented. Conclusion: Clarifying the social responsibility of nurses and highlighting it in nursing will definitely lead to satisfaction in patients and clients, professional development and reduction of health care costs. Also, by identifying facilitators, inhibitors and social responsibility concepts, nursing managers and nursing educators will be able to design and implement their management and training activities based on scientific findings based on the findings that are necessary for the correct learning and implementation.

Development and psychometric evaluation of the Treatment Adherence Questionnaire for Patients with Combat Post-traumatic Stress Disorder.

PurposeTreatment adherence is one of the major strategies in treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in combat veterans. This study developed and psychometrically assessed the Treatment Adherence Questionnaire for Patients with Combat Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.Participants and methodsThis methodological study was conducted in Tehran, Iran, during 2016–2017 in two phases. First, the concept of treatment adherence in combatants with PTSD was analyzed using a hybrid model. This model consisted of three phases: literature review phase, fieldwork phase, and final analysis phase. The consequences and attributes of the concept of treatment adherence in combatants with PTSD were identified, and based on the findings, the Treatment Adherence Questionnaire for PTSD veterans was developed. In the second stage, the face and content validities of the questionnaire were investigated both quantitatively and qualitatively. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to determine the questionnaire’s validity. Internal consistency correlation coefficient of the questionnaire was estimated with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, while the reliability of the questionnaire was established using intra-class test-retest correlation coefficient. Study participants were selected from inpatients and outpatients referred to a hospital, clinic, and health center in Tehran and Kashan, Iran. All patients were diagnosed with combat PTSD by a psychiatrist, based on psychiatric interview and other clinical findings.ResultsThe Persian version of the Treatment Adherence Questionnaire for Patients with Combat Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder included 17 items. Exploratory factor analysis identified three factors which accounted for a total of 87.57% of the total variance of treatment adherence score. The identified factors were labeled as “maintenance of treatment”, “follow-up and treatment contribution”, and “purposefulness and responsibility”. The Cronbach’s alpha correlation coefficient was 0.92 and the intra-class correlation coefficient of the questionnaire’s reliability was estimated at 0.92 (P<0.001).ConclusionThe data obtained confirmed the hypothesis of the factor structure model with a latent second-order variable. The final version of the Treatment Adherence Questionnaire for Iranian combatants with PTSD can be applied as a valid and reliable questionnaire for measuring treatment adherence in these patients.

Self-stigma among Korean patients with diabetes: A concept analysis.

To conduct a concept analysis of self-stigma among patients with diabetes and introduce an operational definition of self-stigma. Due to fears of being monitored, patients with diabetes often conceal their disease and/or withdraw from social relationships. These behaviours negatively affect patients' self-care and socialisation. A concept analysis was conducted using a three-phase (theoretical phase, fieldwork phase and final analysis phase) hybrid method by Schwartz-Barcott and Kim (Nursing research methodology: Issues and implementations, 1986, Rockville, MD: Aspen). During the theoretical phase, a literature search was conducted using PubMed and CINAHL. Using COREQ guidelines, in the fieldwork phase, in-depth interviews were conducted with nine participants with diabetes. The recorded data were analysed using a grounded theory approach. Results from both were included in the analytic phase. In the fieldwork phase, nine patients with diabetes (four men and five women; mean age=57.00±21.93years) participated in the interview. The mean duration of diabetes was 21.44±12.39years. The self-stigma concept included three categories with nine attributes: affective (negative feelings and feeling sorry for others who have concerns about me), cognitive (low self-esteem and self-efficacy, perceived weakness, low expectations for the future, worry for children and disease burden) and behavioural factors (social withdrawal and avoiding disease disclosure). The nine attributes included 23 indicators. Self-stigma among patients with diabetes is defined as a state in which patients develop negative self-feelings as they deal with the disease. This can cause diminished self-esteem and self-efficacy, as well as a tendency to avoid disclosing the illness along with social withdrawal. Based on this self-stigma concept analysis, we clarified the attributes of diabetes self-stigma and distinguished it from social stigma in nurse professionals during patient education and clinical assessment.

Cultural sensitivity in paediatric nursing care: a concept analysis using the Hybrid method.

Cultural sensitivity is a core concept to establish awareness and knowledge about various ethnicities, cultures, genders and additional diversity characteristics to understand individual's requests and respond appropriately to them. A need for further development of the concept is warranted, especially in the context of paediatric nursing. The purpose of this paper was to determine the main elements of cultural sensitivity in the context of paediatric nursing in Iran. The Hybrid method was implemented consisting of three phases: theoretical, fieldwork and final analysis. In the theoretical phase, articles from 2007 to 2017 were reviewed for relevance. In the phase of fieldwork, 25 nurses and nine parents were interviewed to explore the aspects of cultural sensitivity in paediatric nursing. The interviews were transcribed, and content analysis was conducted. In the final phase, an overall analysis of the two previous phases was performed. In the theoretical phase, the following attributes were determined: cultural encounter and awareness, acceptance of cultural diversity and designing programmes in accordance with family culture. The fieldwork phase explored three themes of intercultural encounters, intercultural communication and adapting the care plan with family culture. The final synthesis yielded that sensitivity to family requests and beliefs, effective intercultural communication and integration of family culture with the care plan are the main elements of cultural sensitivity in Iranian paediatric nursing. With a deeper understanding of the term cultural sensitivity, nurses will have a foundation to improve paediatric nursing care and align the care plan with the patient's culture to provide trust, child/parent participation, secure care, effective communication and satisfaction. Since the concepts are the building blocks that underpin theory, the present concepts identified can help to serve as the foundation for the development of a theoretical model.

Academic Motivation in Nursing Students: A Hybrid Concept Analysis.

Background:Taking into account the breadth of the concept of motivation and its importance for nursing students, it is imperative to clarify the concept of academic motivation. This study is an attempt to analyze the concept of academic motivation in nursing students.Materials and Methods:The study was carried out in 2018 as a combined literature review and qualitative research. Hybrid concept analysis model was employed to clarify the concept at three phases. At theoretical phase, articles indexed in credential databases were searched using keywords “academic motivation” and “nursing.” Totally, 30 articles were analyzed. At fieldwork phase, 12 nursing students were interviewed. At conclusive phase, the findings of the two earlier phases were analyzed. After determining the attributes, antecedents, and consequences, a final definition of academic motivation in nursing student was introduced.Results:Academic motivation has six main attributes including “being an internal process,” “purpose oriented,” “variable,” “unique,” “driving force of educational performance,” and “facilitator of learning and educational achievement.” In addition, antecedents and consequences of academic motivation in the nursing students were revealed and a general definition of the concept was codified.Conclusions:Academic motivation of nursing students is a broad and multi-dimensional concept that is affected by various personal, family, social, educational, and professional factors. Moreover, it is a factor in achieving academic success, better quality of learning, creativity, academic satisfaction, reduction of anxiety, continuing education, and training competent nurses.

An investigation into the historical context of graves exhumed on the farm Wemmershuis 379JT, Belfast

The South African National Road Agency Limited (SANRAL) requested Archaetnos to exhume historical graves on the farm Wemmershuis 379JT in the Belfast district, Mpumalanga Province, as the upgrade to the R33 road was impacting on the graves. The human remains were reinterred on the same farm, to another part of the semi-formal graveyard. A monument commemorating the deceased was also erected.As most of the graves are unknown, an archival investigation regarding the farm was conducted to obtain information on who these people may have been. Indications were that the graves belonged to white farmers as the only legible headstones are that of Johanna Marija Magdalena de Beer and DG or DC Killian. This article, deals with findings after a survey was conducted in the Deeds Office in Pretoria, as well as the National Archives Repository in Pretoria.A mass grave containing the human remains of four people was also uncovered during the field work phase. Grave goods indicated the possibility that these were British soldiers and therefore information on the Anglo-Boer (South African) War in this area is included. The ruin of a building, said to be the remains of a coach house on the old coach route, was found a few metres northeast of the graveyard. Information in this regard is also included as it may shed light on the graves and the importance of the farm.The farm Wemmershuis was established in 1887, but it originally was a portion of another farm, Berg-en-Dal, which was established in 1862. The farm history assisted in obtaining the surnames of people who may have been buried in the graveyard. It also seems likely that the farm Wemmershuis was a stop on the route between Pretoria and the Lowveld and that people who died while traveling may also have been buried here.

Intersecting intellects, diverging bodies: ‘joint’ feminist research in the Pacific

This is a methodological article that explores research practices in the spaces and power structures of collaborative research involving two feminist scholars who are committed to postcolonial ways of working and are also colleagues and friends. Intersectionality is a core principle in our research and teaching and provides us with the basis of collaboration by enabling an ‘analytical sensitivity [which] think[s] about the problem of sameness and difference and its relation to power’ (Cho et al. 2013, 795). At the forefront of our project, its conceptualisation, research design and conduct were the relationships to our research of our embodied selves, those of others in our care and those encountered in fieldwork . These embodied relationships were particularly palpable through the impact of unplanned changes in the fieldwork phase of the project. The purpose of this article is to show the intellectual and practical challenges of dealing with contingencies in a feminist postcolonial research project and the ways in which certain embodied relations are privileged, particularly presence versus absence. We show how intersectional theory and practice alleviated frictions between the materiality of bodies, while also retaining the imperatives of intellectual and relational solidarity and integrity. This underlines the critical importance of a generous embodied feminist politics underpinned by intersectional thinking.

The island effect: a sociospatial theory of health.

BackgroundBirthweights are found to be significantly greater on Scottish islands compared to mainland Scotland. This ’island effect’ remains even after adjusting for numerous confounding factors (e.g. ethnicity, socioeconomic factors, smoking, pollutants) that dissolve any significant correlation between locations of varying degrees of rurality and birthweight on the mainland. An unexplored factor is therefore indicated to be conferring a protective advantage for maternal/foetal health on the islands.&#x0D; ObjectivesMy (PhD) project intends to investigate the island effect. Its dominant discourse will concern the social worlds derived from living in communities of such unique physical geography, most notably the islands’ remoteness. I am interested in how the physical and social character of island communities is distinguishable from those on the mainland and may consequently advantage maternal and foetal health via mediating psychosocial mechanisms.&#x0D; MethodsI have recruited a mixed-methods approach. A quantitative phase will use R coding software to analyse a number of administrative datasets linked to census data obtained from the Scottish Longitudinal Study. Secondly, a more qualitative fieldwork phase will apply immersive, interview and participant observation techniques on three of the islands (Skye, N.Uist, Shetland) in order to enhance the project’s overall insights and subsequent conclusions.&#x0D; FindingsThis project is pending. Currently in its first of three years allocated for completion, there are no significant outputs to date.&#x0D; ConclusionsIt is hypothesised that the islands’ physical circumstances may scaffold particular social values and practices that enhance psychosocial benefits gained from greater informational, instrumental, and emotional support that together comprise greater social capital. If this is the case, the project will illustrate the role and importance of place as socially experienced, with meaningful effects upon psychological and (thereby) physical health outcomes.

Maternal Perceptions of Infant Feeding and Health in the Context of the 2015 Nepal Earthquake.

Displacement caused by the 2015 earthquake in Nepal exacerbated poor health and nutrition for thousands of women and children. Research aim: This study aimed to identify the perceptions of Nepalese mothers residing in earthquake relocation camps regarding barriers, facilitators, and situational factors influencing breastfeeding and family well-being. An exploratory, rapid ethnographic approach was used during two fieldwork phases. Phase 1 consisted of reconnaissance and observation, whereas Phase 2 consisted of observation and qualitative semistructured interviews with infant caretakers ( N = 14). We found evidence of human milk substitutes donated by various groups after the earthquake, despite Nepal's media statement condemning these donations. Participants in this study expressed concerns about their milk supply. They also expressed concerns about the impending winter season combined with distress about the 2015 fuel crisis and the impact that this had on their infants and children. Furthermore, participants expressed choices about infant feeding that were influenced by traditional Nepalese practices. Specifically, homemade complementary foods and spices designed to boost lactation were identified as being used during daily infant feeding practices. Infant caretakers need culturally specific support for breastfeeding after disasters. These findings can directly influence future interventions concerning Nepalese mothers' perceptions, infant care, and feeding practices in disaster scenarios.

Reflections on researcher departure: Closure of prison relationships in ethnographic research

Background:The United Kingdom has the highest incarceration rate in Western Europe. It is known that women in prison are a vulnerable female population who are at risk of mental ill-health due to disadvantaged and chaotic life experiences. Accurate numbers of pregnant women held in UK prisons are not recorded, yet it is estimated that 6%–7% of the female prison population are at varying stages of pregnancy and around 100 babies are born to incarcerated women each year. There are limited published papers that document the departure of the researcher following closure of fieldwork with women in prison. This article identifies the dilemmas and challenges associated with the closure of prison fieldwork through the interwoven reflections of the researcher. Departure scenarios are presented which illuminate moments of closure talk with five women, supported by participant reflections regarding abandonment and loss, making pledges for the future, self-affirmation, incidental add-ons at the end of an interview and red flags, alerting the researcher to potential participant harm through ill health or self-injury.Objectives:The primary intention of the study was to observe the pregnant woman’s experience with the English prison system through interviews with pregnant women and field observations of the environment.Research design:Ethnographic design enabled the researcher, a practising midwife, to engage with the prisoners’ pregnancy experiences in three English prisons, which took place over 10 months during 2015–2016. Data collection involved semi-structured, audio-recorded interviews with 28 female prisoners in England who were pregnant or had recently given birth while imprisoned, 10 members of staff and a period of non-participant observation. Follow-up interviews with 5 women were undertaken as their pregnancies progressed. Computerised qualitative data analysis software was used to generate and analyse pregnancy-related themes.Ethical considerations:Favourable ethical opinion was granted by National Offender Management Services through the Health Research Authority Integrated Research Application System and permission to proceed was granted by the University of Hertfordshire, UK.Findings:Thematic analysis enabled the identification of themes associated with the experience of prison pregnancy illuminating how prison life continues with little consideration for their unique physical needs, coping tactics adopted and the way women negotiate entitlements. On researcher departure from the field, the complex feelings of loss and sadness were experienced by both participants and researcher.Discussion:To leave the participant with a sense of abandonment following closure of fieldwork, due to the very nature of the closed environment, risks re-enactment of previous emotional pain of separation. Although not an ethical requirement, the researcher sought out psychotherapeutic supervision during the fieldwork phase with ‘Janet’, a forensic psychotherapist, which helped to highlight the need for careful closure of research/participant relationships with a vulnerable population. This article brings to the consciousness of prison researchers the need to minimise potential harm by carefully negotiating how to exit the field. Reflections of the researcher are interlinked with utterances from some participants to illustrate the types of departure behaviours.Conclusion:Closure of fieldwork and subsequent researcher departure involving pregnant women in prison requires careful handling to uphold the ethical research principle ‘do no harm’.

Quality of life of men and women using drugs in Western Slovakia

The aim of our research was to determine the quality of life of men and women who are current drug users in terms of their own perception. We decided to focus on gender because it can also interfere with quality of life. In particular, we aimed to investigate the main dimensions of quality of life such as health, economic situation and social ties. We used a standardized questionnaire WHOQOL BREF. The fieldwork phase of the research was realized from September 2015–December 2015. We used a snowball sampling for collecting data. We investigated that all four domains (physical health, psychological, social relationships and the environment) were evaluated worse by women than men. Women showed in relation to the fair value population the highest standard deviation in the area of psychological domain and men in social relatioships domain. The highest deviation in the areas between men and women was in the physical area. The results showed that quality of life of drug users was dimished, but not as much as we expected in terms of knowledge that literature states.

Family centered care of hospitalized children: A hybrid concept analysis in Iran.

Background: Family centered care of hospitalized children (FCCHC) is a multidimensional concept, which is directly associated with the context and healthcare system. This study was conducted to analyze the concept of FCCHC in Iran.Methods: This concept analysis was conducted with the use of hybrid model in 3 phases: a literature review in the theoretical phase, semi-structured interviews and descriptive observations in the fieldwork phase, and combination of the results of 2 previous phases in the final analytical phase.Results: The 4 main themes extracted in theoretical phase included "family and healthcare professional participation", "information sharing with families", "family and healthcare professional relationship based on dignity and respect" and "individualized care of family".Moreover, 4 themes were emerged in the fieldwork phase, including "family as a nonparticipant visitor", "one-way education", "non-supportive interactions" and "non-specific care of family". In third phase with combination of the results of 2 phases, the final definition of the concept was presented.Conclusion: FCCHC is a comprehensive care that is affected by human and organizational factors and requires full participation of staff and family, effective interaction with family, education and information sharing with them, and individualized care of each family. By knowing the dimensions of the FCCHC, we will be able to run our activities to provide facilities and features for its optimal implementation in Iran.