Field Of Clinical Medicine Research Articles

MicroRNAs as biomarkers for clinical studies.

The development of better diagnostic and prognostic non-invasive biomarkers holds an enormous potential to improve the ability to diagnose and individualize treatment of a great number of human diseases and substantially reduce health care cost. The discovery of a fundamental role of microRNAs in the disease pathogenesis and their presence and stability in biological fluids has led to extensive investigation of the role of microRNAs as potential non-invasive biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. The result of this research has suggested that alterations of microRNAs may be sensitive indicators of various pathologies; however, despite the indisputable progress in this field, the diagnostic promise of microRNAs has remained a work in progress, and circulating microRNAs have not entered the field of clinical medicine yet. Commonly reported microRNAs as disease biomarkers are largely not disease-specific and the results are often contradicting in independent studies. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of microRNAs as disease indicators and emphasizes the current gaps, challenges, and questions that need to be addressed in future well-designed and well-controlled studies for a successful translation of microRNA profiling into clinically meaningful tests. Impact statement This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of circulating miRNAs as clinical diagnostic biomarkers and highlights the challenges that need to be addressed in future studies for a successful translation of circulating miRNAs into a novel diagnostic tool.

Centenary of the Birth of Academician Prof. Dr. Isak Tadzer, Founder of the Pathophysiology and Nuclear Medicine in Macedonia.

Academician Prof. Dr. Isak Tadzer was born a hundred years ago on December 24, 1916 in Sofia. He completed the primary and secondary education at the German College in Sofia. In 1935 he began his studies at the Medical Faculty in Vienna, which he had to stop because of the annexation of Austria to Germany in 1938. He returned to Bulgaria where he continued his studies and graduated from the Medical Faculty in Sofia in 1941. During the War, 1941-1944, he was forcedly mobilized and he worked as a doctor in several villages. He was twice interned in camps in Bulgaria. In 1944 he joined the National Liberation Army and the Partisan Groups of Yugoslavia. After the liberation in 1945 he started specialization in internal medicine at the famous clinic of Prof. Chilov in Sofia. In 1946 he applied to the call by the Yugoslav government to the doctors in Bulgaria to come in aid of temporary work in our country. On the advice of the current Federal Minister of Public Health Dr. Dimitar Nestorov, Dr. Tadzer came to Skopje and was assigned to work in the Country hospital. He started specialization in internal medicine at the famous professor Ignjatovski, he established a family and decided to stay in Skopje. In 1949 Prof. Tadzer ended his specialization and he was elected an Assistant at the Department of Internal Medicine. In 1951 he left the Internal Clinic and he was elected an Assistant, and in 1952 he was elected a Docent in the subject of Pathological Physiology. In 1959 he was elected, and in 1964 he was re-elected as an Associate Professor, and in 1967 he was elected a Professor of pathophysiology at the Medical Faculty in Skopje. In the period from 1952 to 1978 he was Head of the Department and Director of the Institute of Pathophysiology. He was elected a Corresponding Member of the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts in 1969, and a Full Member in 1974. In the period from 1984 to 1988 he was a Secretary of the Department of Medicine and Biology of the Academy. Prof. Tadzer has published over 300 scientific papers in the field of clinical medicine and pathological physiology, of which about 200 in journals in English, French, German and Serbo-Croatian, as well as 15 books, which include him among the most prolific pathophysiologists on the territory of former Yugoslavia and beyond. In the period from 1950 to 1966 several times he was on a vocational training in similar institutions and centers in Europe, and in 1972 he was on a study stay at many nuclear and medical laboratories in the USA. In addition to his great research activities his contribution as a teacher was of substantial influence and importance to the faculty. He was one of the greatest lectures at the Medical Faculty, the Faculty of Stomatology and the Pharmaceutical Faculty. Prof. Tadzer co-authored in most of the textbooks on pathophysiology for students of medicine, stomatology and pharmacy. He was an extraordinary physician, one of the pillars of the Macedonian medicine, he possessed universal, encyclopedic knowledge and is one of the most renowned medical workers in the second half of the 20th century in Macedonia. In addition to the scientific, medical and educational work Prof. Tadzer has especially rich social activity. He was President of the Faculty Council in 1975-76, he was Vice Dean of the Medical Faculty in 1958-60, Dean of the Faculty from 1963 to 1965, Dean of the Pharmaceutical Faculty and Vice Rector of the University from 1965 to 1967. Especially it should be noted his long-lasting activity at the Macedonian Medical Association of more than 50 years. Also, significant is his creative work within the Editorial board of the journal "Macedonian Medical Review", where for more than 15 years he was Editor in Chief or member of the Editorial board. For his complete activity Prof. Tadzer has won numerous diplomas, plaques and awards, and among them the following are emphasized: National Award of October 11, Order of Labor of Second Degree, the Award of the City of Skopje - November 13, the Charter of Dr. Trifun Panovski and the Certificate of Acknowledgement awarded by the Macedonian Medical Association for the outstanding results in advancing the medical science, practice and development of the health care and the long-term contribution and promotion of the MMA.

Collagen and Its Modifications-Crucial Aspects with Concern to Its Processing and Analysis

Many connective tissue diseases and defects are associated with poor synthesis or excessive degradation of collagen. The modern tissue engineering approach is to replace the defective site via the implantation of a biocompatible scaffold which serves as a carrier for cell incorporation, proliferation, and growth. Collagen is widely used in the field of clinical medicine in connection with both hard and soft tissue applications. However, certain collagen properties such as poor dimensional stability, poor in vivo mechanical strength, low degree of elasticity, variable nature in terms of enzymatic degradation, crosslinking density, fiber size, trace impurities, and side effects frequently limit both its analysis and application. This review focuses particularly on the processing and modification of collagen type I with respect to its biological and mechanical properties. The processing of collagen into scaffolds is crucial to mimic successfully the extracellular matrices. Moreover, the review suggests several ways in which the most common problems related to the isolation, handling, electrospinning, and crosslinking of collagen can be overcome while maintaining its native character as much as possible. Further, the review provides a summary of the analytical methods available for the physicochemical characterization of collagen with respect to both its molecular and submolecular structure.

The Sub-pixel Edge Detection Based on Improved Zernike Moment for Brain CT Image

The medical imaging is the fastest growing subject in the field of clinical medicine. It runs through the whole process of clinical medicine. This paper chooses the edge feature of brain CT image. The classical operator of pixel level edge feature extractions were compared with the Zernike moments sub-pixel level edge feature extraction. And then the edge detection of improved Zernike moments for sub-pixel level has been put forward, with high accuracy and fast speed. This algorithm is very suitable for medical imaging equipment.

Place of piracetam in the modern practice of medicine

The review considers the stages of experimental and clinical study of piracetam in the framework of evidence-based medicine, its wide practical application in various fields of clinical medicine. The main attention pays to the mechanisms of action of the drug, its properties and physiological effects. The specific dose-dependent relation is revealed for the clinical effects of piracetam: the efficiency grows higher dependent on high doses and prolongation of courses.

The use of rats and mice as animal models in ex vivo bone growth and development studies.

In vivo animal experimentation has been one of the cornerstones of biological and biomedical research, particularly in the field of clinical medicine and pharmaceuticals. The conventional in vivo model system is invariably associated with high production costs and strict ethical considerations. These limitations led to the evolution of an ex vivo model system which partially or completely surmounted some of the constraints faced in an in vivo model system. The ex vivo rodent bone culture system has been used to elucidate the understanding of skeletal physiology and pathophysiology for more than 90 years. This review attempts to provide a brief summary of the historical evolution of the rodent bone culture system with emphasis on the strengths and limitations of the model. It encompasses the frequency of use of rats and mice for ex vivo bone studies, nutritional requirements in ex vivo bone growth and emerging developments and technologies. This compilation of information could assist researchers in the field of regenerative medicine and bone tissue engineering towards a better understanding of skeletal growth and development for application in general clinical medicine.Cite this article: A. A. Abubakar, M. M. Noordin, T. I. Azmi, U. Kaka, M. Y. Loqman. The use of rats and mice as animal models in ex vivo bone growth and development studies. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:610–618. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.512.BJR-2016-0102.R2.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES IN MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH: PLANNING, DATA ANALYSIS, INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS

In this paper we present the basics of planning, carrying out and statistical analysis of experimental studies. We describe the most common types of experimental studies, interpretation of results as well as the main advantages and disadvantages of these studies. Practical examples of experimental studies with step-by-step algorithms of sample size calculation and statistical data analysis using formulas and free software are presented. Moreover, we present a few international and local examples of experimental studies in the fields of clinical medicine and public health.

Type I interferon-mediated monogenic autoinflammation: The type I interferonopathies, a conceptual overview.

Type I interferon is a potent substance. As such, the induction, transmission, and resolution of the type I interferon-mediated immune response are tightly regulated. As defined, the type I interferonopathies represent discrete examples of a disturbance of the homeostatic control of this system caused by Mendelian mutations. Considering the complexity of the interferon response, the identification of further monogenic diseases belonging to this disease grouping seems likely, with the recognition of type I interferonopathies becoming of increasing clinical importance as treatment options are developed based on an understanding of disease pathology and innate immune signaling. Definition of the type I interferonopathies indicates that autoinflammation can be both interferon and noninterferon related, and that a primary disturbance of the innate immune system can "spill over" into autoimmunity in some cases. Indeed, that several non-Mendelian disorders, most particularly systemic lupus erythematosus and dermatomyositis, are also characterized by an up-regulation of type I interferon signaling suggests the possibility that insights derived from this work will have relevance to a broader field of clinical medicine.

НЕМЕДИКАМЕНТОЗНА СЕДАЦІЯ ФОТОТРИГЕРУВАННЯМ БІОРИТМІВ МОЗКУ

Introduction. In otorhinolaryngology, as well as in other fi elds of clinical medicine, often the question of sedative therapy arises. Sedative medication use is not appropriate always and it can cause side effects or can be incompatible with other medicines. The question of sedative therapy arises in psychosomatic conditions, caused by tinnitus, labyrinthopaties, that may have diverse origins, but are accompanied, in any case, by acoustic or vestibular stress. Rhythmical, pulsating light and/or sound stimulators are able to make some changes in person’s behavior, her mood, her working ability, stimulate its activities or lead to a calm state, relaxation.In 30th German doctor Hans Berger has found, that using visual stimulators of a certain frequency can cause certain «electroencephalogram samples» and with changing the frequency of the stimulator the frequency of bioenergy under cord can change.In 90th in Germany there was the so-called «Mind machines» («brain machines») created, which were able to increase intellectual activity «remove» fatigue, build resistance to stress and others with eye irritation by fl ashing light with appropriate frequency.Now we know that rhythmical visual stimulation (VS) and, even more, audio-visual stimulation (AVS) can cause positive and lasting physiological effects from the state of relaxation to the state of activation and increased attentiveness. Authors consider that the Schumann’s frequency «quasi – frequencies of good weather» are causing the mental state of life satisfaction, peace. Material and methods. The device, that this department staff developed is different, as well as it’s generated with the proposed, using opto-electronic, system and its light stimulator is programmed on to the eye area with the fl exible fi ber body. FS starts with stimulation frequencies in the α- rhythm ( 10 Hz ) and for 10 minutes the frequency is reduced to 4 Hz (τ- wave), and for the next 5 minutes. – to 2 Hz (δ- waves). After this the frequency rises again to 7 Hz for 5 minutes and for 1 min. increases to 10 Hz and up to 99 Hz. The device was used as a supplementary treatment for chronic tinnitus and was seen as a method of psychosomatic stabilization. Results. During the experimental application of the method in the treatment of 20 patients with chronic subjective tinnitus turned out that the effectiveness of sedation byphoto triggering was positive (subjective noise reduction, improving performance audiometric) in 56.2% of patients. However, the negative impact on the patient’s condition is not found in any case. Discussions. Preliminary studies indicate that the effect of sedation during stressful situations that can occur in any area of medicine, including otorhinolaryngology, can be achieved without the use of drugs such as way of brain waves photo triggering. The method was particularly effective in treating of tinnitus. This allows us to continue research in a wider range. Perspective. It is hoped that the application of the photo triggering technique is promising as well as the treatment of post-traumatic stress syndrome, in sports medicine and other areas of medicine. Conclusions. The intermittent light stimulators, that have the frequency equal to the brain biorhythms frequency, are capable to trigger mentioned biorhythms and cause a corresponding emotional state. By brain biorhythms triggering the relaxing state can be achieved without using of drugs.The proposed device has several advantages over existing devices. The effectiveness of the procedure may be estimated by using the biofeedback – controls provided in the presented model.The application of the photo triggering technique may be used in the treatment of post-traumatic stress syndrome, in sports medicine and other areas of medicine.

NANOPARTICLES AS A NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM A REVIEW

ABSTRACT: Nanotechnology is showing a significant impact on the drug-delivery system over a past few years. This technology is playing a distinct role in remodeling the future of novel drug delivery system (NDDS). Nanoparticles (NPs) are one of the NDDS which exhibit vast applications in the field of clinical medicine and research. The encapsulation of therapeutic drugs in the form of nanoparticles shows advantageous effects, such as increasing drug efficacy, safety, bio-degradability, bioavailability and therapeutic index, over conventional dosage forms of these therapeutic drugs. The current review article mainly focuses on different types of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems including nanotubes, solid lipid nanoparticles, superparamagnetic nanoparticles, liposomes, quantum dots, dendrimers, ceramic nanoparticles and nanoerythrosomes as well as their applications in different field.

The Ability of Precursory Monocytes (MO) to Differentiate Varies Among Individuals But Is Stable Over Time.

BackgroundThe ability to generate dendritic cells (DCs) from precursory monocytes (MOs) was a breakthrough in the field of immunology. However, it is unknown whether the ability of MOs to differentiate into immature DCs (iDCs) differs across subjects or is time dependent. Given that the study of immune system function is gaining recognition in the field of clinical medicine, it is important to know how certain immunologic features vary over time.Material/MethodsThis study investigates how much individuals’ MO-to-iDC differentiation potential changes over time. We estimated this potential by measuring the expression of an iDC marker (CD1a), cytokine secretion (interleukin [IL]-12p70), and the ability of IL-4 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) differentiation MOs to stimulate T cells. We collected MOs obtained from different subjects (n=17) at least 1 month apart. Furthermore, we investigated several variables (expression for cytokine receptors, timing, and emergence of DC-related transcriptional factor PU.1).ResultsThe ability of MOs to become DCs under the influence of IL-4 and GM-CSF varied greatly between individuals (range of CD1a expression, 20–80%) but was stable over time (change of CD1a expression between sampling, ~5%). A similar pattern emerged when production of IL-12p70 was analyzed. The ability to stimulate T cells was variable and depended on the T-cell source. The ability of MOs to become iDCs was not linked to the surface expression of receptors for IL-4 and GM-CSF but rather to the activation of PU.1 in the precursory MO. It took 5 days for all committed MOs to become iDCs under in vitro influence of IL-4 and GM-CSF.ConclusionsWe concluded that the potential of MO to become iDC is an individual feature and depends on activation of PU.1.

Clinical ethics: status quaestionis

La ética clínica se refiere a un campo emergente en la medicina clínica que se centra en el proceso de toma de decisiones éticas en un entorno clínico. Se ha desarrollado como resultado de una creciente conciencia de que la medicina moderna —caracterizada por el progreso tecnológico, la diversidad cultural y los problemas sociales— está planteando una serie de nuevos “dilemas éticos” que la ciencia médica por sí sola no puede resolver. Por esta razón, la ética clínica suele estar relacionada con la “consulta ética”, que consiste en los servicios prestados por un especialista en ética, un equipo ético o un comité de ética para abordar las cuestiones éticas implicadas en un caso clínico específico. Si bien la ética clínica se desarrolló al principio esencialmente como un análisis metodológico para llegar a una justificación de las decisiones éticas clínicas, rápidamente se hizo evidente que la dificultad en la toma de decisiones clínicas es solo un aspecto de los problemas éticos más amplios relacionados con la relación médico-paciente en su totalidad y, muy probablemente, con el valor fundamental de la profesión médica. El método de principios generalmente se presenta como el enfoque metodológico más extendido para el análisis de casos clínicos. Sin embargo, una fuerte crítica de este modelo se ha manifestado, y se hace referencia a otros enfoques alternativos, como el modelo de la casuística. Recientemente, se han producido importantes contribuciones de la medicina narrativa y la ética de la virtud. De acuerdo con estas metodologías, una sana antropología y una buena relación con el enfermo son elementos clave requeridos de cualquier persona que trabaje en la práctica médica que pretende ser auténticamente apropiada desde una perspectiva ética.

Application of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve for Evaluation of Diagnostic Test Performance

In the field of clinical medicine, diagnostic accuracy studies refer to the degree of agreement between the index test and the reference standard for the discriminatory ability to identify a target disorder of interest in a patient. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve offers a graphical display the trade-off between sensitivity and specificity at each cutoff for a diagnostic test and is useful in assigning the best cutoff for clinical use. In this end, the ROC curve analysis is a useful tool for estimating and comparing the accuracy of competing diagnostic tests. This paper reviews briefly the measures of diagnostic accuracy such as sensitivity, specificity, and area under the ROC curve (AUC) that is a summary measure for diagnostic accuracy across the spectrum of test results. In addition, the methods of creating an ROC curve in single diagnostic test with five-category discrete scale for disease classification from healthy individuals, meaningful interpretation of the AUC, and the applications of ROC methodology in clinical medicine to determine the optimal cutoff values have been discussed using a hypothetical example as an illustration.

SuperPhy: predictive genomics for the bacterial pathogen Escherichia coli.

BackgroundPredictive genomics is the translation of raw genome sequence data into a phenotypic assessment of the organism. For bacterial pathogens, these phenotypes can range from environmental survivability, to the severity of human disease. Significant progress has been made in the development of generic tools for genomic analyses that are broadly applicable to all microorganisms; however, a fundamental missing component is the ability to analyze genomic data in the context of organism-specific phenotypic knowledge, which has been accumulated from decades of research and can provide a meaningful interpretation of genome sequence data.ResultsIn this study, we present SuperPhy, an online predictive genomics platform (http://lfz.corefacility.ca/superphy/) for Escherichia coli. The platform integrates the analytical tools and genome sequence data for all publicly available E. coli genomes and facilitates the upload of new genome sequences from users under public or private settings. SuperPhy provides real-time analyses of thousands of genome sequences with results that are understandable and useful to a wide community, including those in the fields of clinical medicine, epidemiology, ecology, and evolution. SuperPhy includes identification of: 1) virulence and antimicrobial resistance determinants 2) statistical associations between genotypes, biomarkers, geospatial distribution, host, source, and phylogenetic clade; 3) the identification of biomarkers for groups of genomes on the based presence/absence of specific genomic regions and single-nucleotide polymorphisms and 4) in silico Shiga-toxin subtype.ConclusionsSuperPhy is a predictive genomics platform that attempts to provide an essential link between the vast amounts of genome information currently being generated and phenotypic knowledge in an organism-specific context.

Mindfulness: A Concept Analysis

"Mindfulness" is an emerging concept in the field of healthcare. Ranging from stress relief to psychotherapy, mindfulness has been confirmed to be an effective tool to help individuals manage depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and other health problems in clinical settings. Scholars currently use various definitions for mindfulness. While some of these definitions overlap, significant differences remain and a general scholarly consensus has yet to be reached. Several domestic and international studies have explored mindfulness-related interventions and their effectiveness. However, the majority of these studies have focused on the fields of clinical medicine, consultation, and education. Mindfulness has rarely been applied in clinical nursing practice and no related systematic concept analysis has been conducted. This paper conducts a concept analysis of mindfulness using the concept analysis method proposed by Walker and Avant (2011). We describe the defining characteristics of mindfulness, clarify the concept, and confirm the predisposing factors and effects of mindfulness using examples of typical cases, borderline cases, related cases, and contrary case. Findings may provide nursing staff with an understanding of the concept of mindfulness for use in clinical practice in order to help patients achieve a comfortable state of body and mind healing.

Development and future perspectives of behavioral medicine in Japan.

Development and Future Perspectives of Behavioral Medicine in JapanThe study of the “Type A behavior pattern and myocardial infarction” was one of the main themes in the early stage of Behavioral Medicine. After that, behavior modification came to be widely applied to the treatment of various kinds of chronic diseases, and a general concept of Behavioral Medicine was subsequently formed. The Japanese Society of Behavioral Medicine was established in 1992 and is comprised of researchers in the fields of clinical medicine, social medicine, and psycho-behavioral science. Recently, we devised a core curriculum for behavioral science and behavioral medicine and have published a Japanese version of the “Textbook of Behavioral Medicine” in conformity with it. It is a primer that includes all of the basics and clinical applications of Behavioral Medicine and is edited as a manual that can be utilized in clinical practice. We hope this book will contribute to the development of Behavioral Medicine in Japan, to a more healthy life for our people, and to the improvement of the QOL of our patients. In this paper, I discuss the future perspectives from my personal opinion while looking back on the history of Behavioral Medicine in Japan.

CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES: PLANNING, SAMPLE SIZE, DATA ANALYSIS

In this paper, we have described the main principles of cross-sectional studies planning and data analysis. A theoretical base for cross-sectional studies' design has been presented as well as advantages and disadvantages of this type of studies. We present the methods for sample size calculation and data analysis using statistical software. Calculation of confidence intervals using free software "Epi Info" and online calculators has also been presented. The main effect measures used in cross-sectional studies have been described. Examples of cross-sectional studies in the fields of clinical medicine, dentistry and public health performed in the Arkhangelsk region have been given. The primary audience for this article consists of master and doctoral students whose research is still in the planning phase. This paper supplements, but does not substitute the literature in the field of clinical epidemiology.

Scientometric Analysis of the Journals of the Academy of Medical Sciences in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Introduction:Currently in Bosnia and Herzegovina there are 25 journals in the field of biomedicine, 6 of them are indexed in Medline/PubMed base (Medical Archives, Materia Socio-Medica, Acta Informatica Medica, Acta Medica Academica, Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences (BJBMS) and Medical Glasnik), and one (BJBMS) is indexed in Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE)/Web of Science base.Aim:The aim of this study was to show the scope of work of the journals that were published by Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Medical Archives, Materia Socio-Medica and Acta Informatica Medica.Material and Methods:The research presents a meta-analysis of three journals, or their issues, during the calendar year 2015 (retrospective and descriptive character).Results:During 2015 calendar year a total of 286 articles were published (in Medical Archives 104 (36.3%), in Materia Socio-Medica 99 (34.6%), and in Acta Informatica Medica 83 (29%)). Original articles are present in the highest number in all three journals (in Medical Archives 80.7%, in Materia Socio Medica 77.7%, and in Acta Informatica Medica 68.6%). In Medical Archives, 90.3% of the articles were related to the field of clinical medicine. In Materia Socio-Medica, the domain of clinical medicine and public health was the most represented. Preclinical areas are most frequent in Acta Informatica Medica. The period of 50-60 days for a decision on the admission of article is most common in all three journals, with trend of shortening of that period. Articles came from 19 countries, mostly from Bosnia and Herzegovina, then from Iran, Kosovo, Saudi Arabia and Greece.Conclusion:In Medical Archives original articles in the field of clinical medicine (usually internal and surgical disciplines) are most often present, and that is the case in last four years. The number of articles in Materia Socio-Medica and Acta Informatica Medica is growing from year to year. In Materia Socio-Medica there is a trend of growth of articles in the field of public health, while the most common articles in Acta Informatica Medica are about medical informatics.

META-ANALYSIS OF THE SCIENTIFIC CONTENTS OF MATERIA SOCIO-MEDICA JOURNAL IN THE PERIOD 2009-2015.

Introduction:Materia Socio Medica Journal has a long history. It was founded in 1978.Aim:To evaluate journal articles in 2015 and compare findings to previous years.Material and methods:The study has retrospective and descriptive character, and included the period 2009-2015.Results:A total of 99 articles were published in Materia Socio Medica during 2015 and it shows an upward trend during the period 2009-2015. Original articles are present in majority during the last seven years (69,2%). Analyzing the last seven years, 44,1% of articles were from the field of clinical medicine. Articles from the fields of public health show an upward trend during the last four years. Collaboration rate in 2015 was 0,95. Authors of the articles are from ten countries (four continents). H index of journal is 8 and g index is 12 (Publish or Perish software). According to GoogleScholar, h5 index for Materia Socio Medica is 8 and h5 median is 9.Conclusions:The objectives of the journal in the next year are: to become a part of the Scopus and Web of Science databases, further internationalization and promotion of the journal in the country and the region, revision and broadening of the Editorial Board, trying to follow trend in reducing the number of days required for a decision on acceptance or revision of article and involvement of the younger generation of professionals and scientists into the journal work and publishing scope, which will lead to emergence of new enthusiasm and ideas (Journal intends to follow the trends of modern biomedical publishing worldwide).

Huge Ancient Hematoma in the Calf.

Huge Ancient Hematoma in the Calf.