Submarine power cables (SPCs) associated with offshore renewable energy developments emit electromagnetic fields (EMFs) that can influence aquatic biota. Although research on this topic has increased, a comprehensive, systematic synthesis of observed effects across taxa and life stages, and biological contexts has been lacking. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines (PROSPERO ID: 1138188), we systematically reviewed peer-reviewed and grey literature published between 1990 and 2024. Of 1637 records screened, 67 eligible field and laboratory studies were included. Significant behavioural and physiological responses to EMF exposure were reported in 66% of studies, with early life stages (embryos, larvae, juveniles) and magnetosensitive taxa, particularly fishes and crustaceans being most frequently affected. Effects occurred even at environmentally relevant intensities (<250μT). Laboratory experiments more frequently detected effects than field studies, which were generally fewer, shorter in duration, and methodologically heterogeneous. Sensitivity heatmaps identified developmental stages and freshwater species as particularly sensitive, with notable taxonomic disparities. EMFs from SPCs can elicit ecologically relevant responses in aquatic biota, particularly during sensitive developmental windows and in magnetically responsive taxa. Emerging evidence further indicates that sex specific responses represent an important and previously under recognised dimension of EMF sensitivity. However, major uncertainties persist regarding chronic, population and ecosystem level impacts. Future research should prioritise standardisation of exposure characterisation and reporting, routine inclusion of sex and life stage as biological variables and coordinated laboratory to field validation. Integrating EMF considerations into marine spatial planning, environmental regulation, and biodiversity conservation frameworks will be essential to support proportionate ecological risk assessment and management of offshore renewable energy infrastructure.

This field study on 69 healthy hyperprolific sows, aimed to analyze reproductive parameters including farrowing dynamics, housing systems, and piglet vitality. The average gestation length was 114.5±1.28 days, with most parturitions occurring between days 113 and 116. Farrowing duration was significantly positively associated with parity, showing an average of 267.6±108.1min. Litter size averaged 17.2±4.2 piglets, with a positive correlation between farrowing duration and litter size. Farrowing length differed significantly between dystocic and eutocic sows, averaging 324.9±94.1min in dystocic sows compared with 193.1±75.2min in eutocic sows (p<0.0001). Similarly, the birth-to-birth interval (BPI) was longer in dystocic sows (24.74±1.60min) than in eutocic sows (10.49±1.39min, p<0.0001). Obstetric interventions were more frequent in CRATE than in free-farrowing systems. In CRATE, four or more assistance events occurred in 30% of dystocia cases, whereas no parturition in free-farrowing systems required more than two or three assistance events, suggesting that housing conditions influence dystocia rates. Visually assessed uterine contractions during expulsion were delayed and weaker in dystocic sows compared to eutocic. Vulval lacerations occurred in 26.1% of sows, with more severe injuries and slower healing in CRATE housing. Piglet vitality decreased with longer farrowings and was lowest in CRATE during dystocia. First-week piglet mortality was highest in PEN and GROUP systems, regardless of farrowing process. Lower birth weight and higher meconium scores were linked to increased early mortality. Overall, housing system, farrowing duration, and parity influence farrowing outcomes, piglet vitality, and neonatal losses.

Metals are a major class of legacy pollutants that end up in marine ecosystems, posing a significant threat to marine biota, including sea anemones. The current review critically synthesises studies published over the last 50years on the uptake, tissue distribution, and biological effects of 20 metals across 18 sea anemone species in both field and laboratory settings, including interactions with climate change stressors (salinity and pH). Field studies have focused on bioaccumulation and report the high capacity of sea anemones to accumulate metals, mainly iron and barium, primarily in the pedal disk. Laboratory exposure studies reveal a dose- and time-dependent accumulation and highlight that symbionts take up and store essential metals (Cu, Fe, and Mn) due to their key biological roles. Available data point to Exaiptasia pallida as a promising model for metal ecotoxicology. Across studies, metals elicit alterations at molecular to behavioural/morphological levels, including transcriptome reprogramming, oxidative stress, and detoxification failures, as well as genotoxicity, cellular injury, immune dysfunction, metabolic and morphological disruption, reproductive impairment, and bleaching, which are generally amplified by climate change stressors. Ultimately, this review identifies key knowledge gaps and outlines future research directions on metal ecotoxicity in sea anemones. Collectively, these insights position sea anemones as informative sentinels of metal contamination in marine ecosystems.

Biochar alleviated soybean continuous cropping obstacles by improving soil hydrological properties and reducing erosion: Insights from an 11 year field study on sloping farmland

CFD is widely used to analyze pellet-boiler combustion, yet its predictive value for chamber design depends on validation against spatially resolved thermal data, not only global flue-gas and heat-output metrics. This study combines near-wall temperature mapping with CFD to quantify the coupled effects of excess-air ratio (λ) and a compact flow deflector. Spatially resolved near-wall temperature maps are used to evaluate CFD beyond bulk metrics and quantify the impact of passive flow shaping. Experiments used 30 near-wall thermocouples, flue-gas analysis, and heat output measurement while varying λ. Increasing λ from 2.26 to 3.93 cooled the chamber, diluted CO 2 , and reduced heat output from 10.89 to 8.97 kW. An operational optimum occurred near λ ≈ 2.54, where CO reached 510 mg·m −3 at 10% O 2 and heat output was 10.47 kW. Near-wall mapping revealed pronounced wall-heating maldistribution, with the wall-heating maldistribution index ∣D∣ reaching 33.3% (50% fan setting, λ ≈ 3.57). The CFD model captured the cooling trend and peak wall-temperature levels. The deflector was evaluated at an operating point (40% fan setting, λ ≈ 3.40), where it homogenized the thermal field and improved oxidation: ∣D∣ decreased from 27.8% to 3.2%, maximum near-wall temperature dropped from 584 to 474 °C, CO decreased from 1255 to 512 mg·m −3 , and heat output increased from 9.45 to 9.70 kW, while NO x increased from 144 to 202 mg·m −3 . Overall, operating near λ ≈ 2.5 with passive flow control lowers CO and peak near-wall temperatures and slightly increases heat output, with a trade-off in NO x . • 30 near-wall thermocouples revealed uneven wall heating around the chamber. • Wall asymmetry reached D = 39.6%; a deflector cut it to D = 3.3%. • CO minimum 510 mg/m 3 (10% O 2 ) at λ ≈ 2.54 with 10.47 kW output. • Deflector reduced CO 1255 → 512 mg/m 3 and T max 584 → 474 °C. • CFD predicted wall-temperature drop with increasing airflow, consistent with tests.

Does discharge location following head and neck cancer surgery affect quality outcomes?

Liquid fuel intrusion causes carbon canister deterioration and excess evaporative VOC emissions from in-use vehicles.

Structural and harmonic force fields studies of anhydrous, mono and dihydrated tetraphenylphosphonium chloride salts for ionic liquids

Bell pepper production is significantly constrained by insect pests, particularly the European corn borer (ECB), which causes severe yield loss. Effective control of ECB is challenging because larvae rapidly bore into plant tissues after hatching, limiting the efficacy of conventional insecticides. To address this issue, we conducted a field study to determine the effectiveness of kaolin clay as an eco-friendly alternative to insecticides to minimize ECB infestation and improve bell pepper yield. The treatments included kaolin application duration (6, 9, 12, and 15 weeks) and bell pepper cultivars (‘Captain’, ‘Alliance’, and ‘Orange Blaze’) randomized in a complete block design. The maximum efficacy in insect management was observed with the 15-week kaolin application, resulting in a 35% reduction in ECB incidence in the cultivar ‘Captain’. Kaolin application over 15 weeks significantly reduced ECB infestation while increasing fruit yield. Kaolin application reduced the ECB egg, larval, and adult populations by 69%, 56%, and 58%, respectively, relative to untreated controls. Weekly kaolin applications maintained for 12 weeks reduced flower drop by 20% and increased fruit set by 17%, resulting in a 20% increase in marketable fruit yield of ‘Captain’. The increased yield in “Captain” at 12 and 15 weeks was a result of both the combined effect of reducing insect infestation and exhibiting enhanced photosynthetic performance and other physiological responses. Overall, these results suggest that kaolin clay applied for 12 weeks is a promising and sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides to reduce ECB infestation and improve bell pepper productivity, with ‘Captain’ appearing as the best-performing cultivar among those tested.

Nano-pesticides in agroecosystems: Environmental fate, ecotoxicological impacts, and sustainable risk mitigation strategies.

The present study examined how several career shocks experienced by students in the health care fields during the COVID-19 pandemic shaped their subsequent occupational calling. Drawing on social information processing theory, we posit that the perceived impact of career shocks is positively related to an improvement in the perceptions of occupational characteristics (i.e., perceived task significance and social worth) and resultant improvement in psychological states (i.e., meaningful work and prosocial motivation), which in turn are expected to be positively related to an improvement in occupational calling. We further posit that intrinsic motivation should weaken the above links through the perceptions of occupational characteristics. A four-wave prospective field study with baseline measures was conducted with 703 students in the health care fields in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results based on path analysis largely supported the hypothesized moderated chained mediation model. In addition, several novel relationships were discovered between perceived occupational characteristics and psychological states (i.e., the perceived task significance-prosocial motivation link and the perceived social worth-meaningful work link). Theoretical and practical implications, as well as future research directions, were discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Top-down trophic interactions are major drivers of microbiome dynamics, yet their outcomes are difficult to predict and their consequences for pathogen control remain unclear. We combine synthetic bacterial communities of varying complexity with field studies and microcosm assays to test whether microbivorous nematodes reorganize microbiomes to suppress soilborne disease. Field studies show stronger nematode-microbe associations around healthy plants, and microcosm assays confirm that nematode presence produces stable suppression, whereas microbe-only communities collapse under pathogen invasion. Nematode predation depletes non-preferred bacterial taxa and enriches metabolically versatile taxa within Proteobacteria, increasing community-level antagonistic potential and promoting complementary resource-use interactions linked to pathogen inhibition, yielding suppression beyond individual or pairwise effects. A minimal four-component feedback loop linking a nematode predator, plant pathogens, and two plant-associated bacteria with complementary functions accounts for the emergent outcome. Together, these results reveal an animal-mediated pathway of microbiome assembly that enhances resistance to pathogen invasion and provide a trophically informed framework for designing stable, disease-suppressive microbiomes in agriculture.

Basophils are effector cells in type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon cross-linking of surface-bound (allergen-specific) IgE, basophils release a variety of mediators. Determining the activation of basophils ex vivo with anti-IgE (a basophil activation test or BAT) can be achieved using flow cytometry. However, this requires an experienced laboratory, hampering penetration of the BAT into general allergen diagnostics. Automation of the BAT could make this requirement redundant. Automation of the BAT enables rapid analysis in a field study setting of the effect of prolonged endurance exercise that can prime circulating basophils. A modified near-patient BAT (activation by anti-IgE and fMLF) was developed to identify basophils (SSCLow and CD193bright) and their activation status (based on expression of CD63, CD11b and CD62L) using blood samples taken from 7 healthy anonymous volunteers of the hospital's donor service. Due to logistic reasons, the modified BAT (mBAT) was developed at room temperature. Second, blood samples from 18 healthy volunteers were taken during a multiple day walking event to determine the effect of exercise on basophil activation in situ. Eosinophil (SSChigh and CD193bright) and neutrophil (SSChigh and CD193dim) activation were also measured as comparators. Anti-IgE- and fMLF-induced activation of basophils in whole blood of both groups showed reproducibility and optimal activation at 1 μg/mL and 0.1 μM, respectively. The field study showed that exercise led to activation of basophils in situ. The fully automated, 24/7 mBAT is feasible for near-patient analysis of priming and/or activation of innate immune cells. This can bring basophil activation testing by mBAT to peripheral care institutes as it does not depend on a specialized laboratory and/or personnel. This study indicates that prolonged exercise leads to activation of basophils in vivo, which might be used to study exercise intolerance in asthmatics.

Interspecific mating between Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, which act as vectors of a wide range of arboviruses, is predicted to have an important influence on their future distributions and disease control efforts. While interspecific insemination has been documented in a range of laboratory and field studies, rates vary between populations. It has been suggested that the outcome of mating interactions is driven by evolved variation in both the male ability to mate interspecific females and ability of females to resist interspecific males. However, there has been relatively little dissection of the behaviours that underlie interspecific insemination rates. We compared insemination rates between sympatric, allopatric, and lab-adapted strains of Ae. aegypti (Colombia, Arizona, and Liverpool, respectively) and allopatric and sympatric strains of Ae. albopictus (Montpellier and Colombia, respectively). We then used both live observations and high-speed videography to compare intraspecific and interspecific mating interactions. We found very low rates of interspecific mating across all strains used. Both behavioural observations and high-speed videography suggested that female resistance behaviours were not responsible for low interspecific mating. Interestingly, we documented male Ae. albopictus consistently aborting interspecific mating attempts. This study provides additional evidence for strong pre-copulatory species barriers between Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus and adds male avoidance as a possible mechanism to maintain these barriers. Considering female resistance, the ability of males to overcome that resistance, and male avoidance of interspecific matings together will be important for informing understanding of how we expect interspecific mating rates to vary across populations and respond to selective pressures such as mass-release strategies.

Personnel within occupational employment (e.g., military/emergency services) are exposed to various stressors concurrently including psychological, cognitive, physical and environmental. Historically, stressors have been considered and studied in isolation which is not representative of reality. Assessing stressors in combination is challenging for researchers owing to the study designs required to explore such interactions. Complex study protocols can lead to logistical challenges and high demands on resources and participants. Very few studies within the literature have been found to explore multiple stressors, although in recent years, this has started to change for the better. Understanding how numerous stressors interact, whether effects on performance are additive, synergistic or antagonistic, is important. Without this, the true impact of stressors will remain unknown, and the health and performance of those within arduous occupational roles may not be optimised. This review aims to (1) explore how different study designs have enabled the exploration of the effects of combined stressors on human performance outcomes in controlled laboratory settings, simulated field studies and field-based settings, and (2) outline how future research can develop methodologies that study combinations of stressors in occupational roles.

Pediatric research often requires healthy controls. We established and evaluated a population-based registry that facilitates research by connecting families with opportunities. Children and parents were recruited online and through in-hospital advertising. Families self-completed intake forms, including demographics, types of research and commitment level. Researchers seeking healthy participants applied online, providing scientific rationale, ethics approval, participant criteria, and commitment required. Participants were matched with requests. Anonymous evaluation surveys were emailed to participants and researchers. A mixed-methods analysis, including descriptive statistics and a thematic analysis, was completed. In 10 years, 801 participants enrolled, and 68 studies recruited. Studies required low (8), medium (27), high (23), or very high (10) commitment. The majority (61%) volunteered for high or very high commitments. Study recruitment was 41%. Evaluation surveys were completed by 103 families (81% received a request, 80% of those participated in a study). Most (85%) would recommend HICCUP to other families. Researchers (33) represented 8 departments and were equally divided into early, mid, and late-career. Researchers agreed ( > 90%) that HICCUP increased chances of grant success and would recommend the program. Families want to engage in research. Enabling participation enhances child health research by facilitating diverse studies at minimal cost. Despite their importance for methodologically rigorous research, there is a lack of healthy control programs, particularly in pediatrics. The program described provides an example and model for effective control matching in child health studies. The program has demonstrated that enabling research participation enhances child health research by facilitating high quality studies in various fields in a range of study designs, generating evidence to improve health outcomes. Families want to participate in research and are willing to contribute to many studies over time despite the potential burden and time requirements.

ABSTRACT Gaba, Argi Umbu Dena. 2024. Overview of Coping Mechanisms and Anxiety in Thesis Preparation among Nursing Students of STIKES Widyagama Husada Malang. Thesis. Nursing Education Study Program of Widyagama Husada Malang School of Health Science. Advisors: 1) Miftakhul Ulfa, S.Kep., Ns., M.Kep 2) Ahmad Guntur A., S.Kep., Ns., M.Kep Background: A thesis is a scientific writing based on research results from the field or literature studies, prepared by students in accordance with their study program or field. The complexities that students experience in writing their theses can lead to psychological disturbances. Objective: To find out the overview of coping mechanisms and anxiety in thesis preparation among Nursing students at STIKES Widyagama Husada Malang. Methods: This study used a quantitative descriptive design. The population consists of all seventh-semester Nursing students at STIKESWidyagama Husada Malang, totaling 34 respondents using a Total Sampling technique. Data collection was conducted online using a questionnaire on coping mechanisms and anxiety in September 2024, which was then analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The majority of respondents, totaling 25 individuals (73.5%), employed adaptive coping mechanisms, which helped them manage academic stress more effectively. However, 9 respondents (26.5%) were found to use maladaptive coping strategies. In terms of anxiety levels, most students experienced moderate anxiety (19 respondents or 52.9%) and mild anxiety (15 respondents or 44.1%). No students were found to experience severe anxiety. Conclusion: The majority of respondents are 22 years old (12 respondents or 35.3%), with the youngest being 20 years old (1 respondent or 2.9%). A total of 25 respondents (73.5%) use adaptive coping mechanisms, while 9 respondents (26.5%) use maladaptive coping mechanisms. The anxiety levels are mostly in the moderate category (19 respondents or 52.9%) and mild (15 respondents or 44.1%), with no respondents reporting severe anxiety. References : 23 references (2016-2024) Keywords : Coping Mechanisms, Anxiety, Thesis

Purpose Grounded in the event system theory and the stressor-detachment model, this study aims to investigate how crisis strength differentially influences employee fatigue via a detrimental emotional process, namely, affective rumination, and job performance via a constructive cognitive process, namely, problem-solving pondering, with family support serving as a moderator. Design/methodology/approach The authors examined the hypotheses across two studies (Study 1: an experiment and Study 2: a multi-wave field study). Findings Study 1 demonstrated that crisis strength could promote problem-solving pondering and affective rumination, and that family support moderated the relationship between crisis strength and affective rumination. Study 2 replicated these relationships and examined their distal outcomes. Specifically, crisis strength increased employee fatigue through affective rumination and enhanced job performance through problem-solving pondering. Family support further moderated the indirect relationship between crisis strength and employee fatigue through affective rumination. Practical implications Hospitality organizations should not treat crises solely as threats but also as potential catalysts for employee growth and resilience. Originality/value While crisis strength has been linked to negative outcomes for hospitality employees, this study extends the literature by examining its double-edged effects.

Dairy-pasture systems often receive high nitrogen (N) inputs that can disrupt soil N cycling. However, excessive N fertilisation can disrupt soil N cycling and increase environmental risks, such as nitrate leaching and greenhouse gas emissions. Despite this, N applications often exceed crop demand, with limited understanding of the impacts on soil biological processes that govern N availability to plants. This four-year field study on irrigated multi-species dairy pastures in South Africa quantified the effects of different fertiliser N rates on soil N mineralisation, related soil properties (total N, nitrate, ammonium and organic carbon contents), and pasture herbage yield. High N fertilisation rates (>350 kg N ha−1 year−1) significantly reduced the fraction of soil organic N being mineralised to plant-available N forms. Soils receiving >350 kg N ha−1 mineralised only approximately 9% of their organic N annually compared with 13% in soils receiving <200 kg N ha−1. Excessive N inputs led to accumulation of nitrate-N in the soil, which showed a negative correlation with pasture yield, whereas low N inputs (<200 kg N ha−1) maintained higher soil ammonium N that was weakly positively correlated with yield. Overall, excessive fertiliser N altered the soil N cycle in ways that can limit pasture productivity, apart from the added environmental risks associated with overfertilisation. This emphasises the need for balanced N management in dairy-pasture systems.

Abstract Solar radiation modification (SRM) is being discussed as a potential option for addressing climate risks while atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations are reduced to lower levels. However, understanding of the potential efficacy, impacts, benefits and harms of different SRM approaches remains limited. Current knowledge almost exclusively stems from observation of natural analogs and from model simulations, with the former of limited direct applicability to SRM and the accuracy of the latter difficult to assess without testing against real‐world observations. Well‐designed field studies with controlled aerosol emissions would provide more robust assessment of SRM approaches. Herein we propose a framework for defining SRM field experiments aimed at improving the ability to understand and predict the efficacy impacts of SRM approaches, specifically applying it to marine cloud brightening (MCB). Within this framework an experiment's scale is based on its spatial extent and duration and the atmospheric energy perturbation produced. Integral to the framework is a set of stage‐gates, whereby physical and social metrics inform decisions around progressing to larger scales of studies. Critical to informed decision‐making is that each study be mapped to scientific goals, metrics for determining scientific success, quantification of the detectability of different parameters of interest, and metrics for determining study impacts. While we focus primarily on this framing within the context of the physical sciences we point out how essential the above information is in the context of the governance of both scientific studies and decisions around the eventual use of SRM.