ABSTRACT This contribution to the special issue examines a constrained version of citizenship in Indonesia's plantation zone. When corporations take hold of village land, residents experience devastating dispossession and a profound sense of injustice, yet they lack effective channels through which to claim rights as citizens or secure remedy from the government or corporations. Drawing on field research in West Kalimantan in 2010–15, the article outlines the dispossessory legal regime that deprives villagers of access to land and livelihoods, while undermining village government and absolving corporations of responsibility for the damage done. It then explores the affective terms in which villagers express their sense of injustice, and the steps they take to try to improve their situation. A final section contextualizes these findings in the broader plantation zone. It reflects on the colonial and post‐independence origins of constrained citizenship, and the devastating army‐orchestrated violence of 1965 that set the conditions for a military‐crony‐corporate cabal to grab land and inflict harm with impunity.

In the past, convenience store location selection required substantial time, cost and effort for field research, and the location selection decision was often limited by the subjective experience of the decision-maker. The rapid development of machine learning (ML) in recent years has enabled many studies of model training. This study introduces a novel hybrid approach integrating Mahalanobis-Taguchi System (MTS) for variable reduction with ML algorithms to address the challenges of large-scale, multi-variable retail location selection. The proposed model reduces computational requirements and supports data-driven decision-making for convenience store chains. To achieve this, a hybrid approach combining the Mahalanobis-Taguchi System (MTS) and machine learning algorithms-XGBoost, Random Forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM)-were employed to develop a location prediction model for chain convenience stores. Using real-world location data from Taiwanese convenience stores, MTS analysis mainly performed features selection, reducing the number of variables from nine to five. The research results show that the prediction ability of the MTS-XGBoost algorithm can be accurately maintained at more than 75% under different training set proportions, and it has more accurate prediction results than MTS-RF and MTS-SVM. This approach enables more efficient and accurate store location decisions, potentially transforming strategic planning in the retail sector.

Medical malpractice disputes can occur in health services, treatments, actions, and care when patients feel disadvantaged or do not get the results they expected. It often arises when there are patients who are sick or unhealthy, then receive medical/medical actions that cause their illness to not heal or even become sicker or can also cause disability to the patient and even death or death. Medical malpractice disputes are disputes about bad practices, namely doing what should not be done or not doing what should be done. This incident often occurs in health services, both in hospitals, health centers, clinics, and even in independent practice places that end up in court. The purpose of the study is to understand and analyze the implementation of health law in Indonesia in resolving medical malpractice disputes with a legal certainty approach based on Law Number 17 of 2023 in conjunction with Government Regulation Number 20 of 2024, to understand, analyze, and seek proposals on what government policy should be in regulating the settlement of medical malpractice. The research method used is descriptive analysis with a normative legal approach through library and field research with data collection techniques through literature studies. Results of the study show that the policies contained in Law Number 17 Year 2023 still lack clarity because the law has yet to establish a precise and authoritative definition of medical malpractice which results in there being no legal certainty.

Abstract In 2019 and 2022, Indigenous leaders mobilized rural comunas in general strikes that forced the national government of Ecuador to negotiate the terms of newly introduced fiscal and policy measures. These mobilizations came despite long-term demographic decline in these same rural comunas . Further, the ministries charged with granting this authority to comunas today exercise little oversight. Why, then, has the comuna persisted as the preferred form of local organization amid widespread shifts to postagrarian ways of life? We have approached this problem through field research in over a dozen rural comunas , a review of comuna registrations, interviews with comuna leadership, and intergenerational dialogues among comuna members. In practical terms, we find comuna leadership consolidating an agenda focused on infrastructure development in the place of activism for land or the pursuit of agricultural investments. At the same time, it is through rituals of registration and management that local authorities not only find legitimacy but also secure a measure of “cultural autonomy” insofar as comuna members associate the disciplined fulfillment of procedures with the historical expansion of social rights. As the younger generation pursues nonagrarian careers, older comuna members underscore the mutuality of comuna life and lay out a moral purpose and a pathway that in effect centers state procedure as essential for indigenous autonomy.

Law enforcement agencies today operate at the frontline of data-sensitive decision-making, yet their trainingsystems remain alarmingly analog. This gap has far-reaching consequences: The Police Department unintentionally deletedover eight terabytes of digital evidence, affecting nearly 17,000 criminal cases and causing significant public backlash andjudicial delays (NBC 5 Dallas-Fort Worth, 2019). The root of this crisis lies not in technology alone, but in an outdated trainingparadigm that fails to prepare officers for the ethical, operational, and procedural demands of an AI-driven society. Thispaper explores how adaptive, explainable AI (XAI) can reframe the relationship between law enforcement and digitalgovernance. We present TEXAI (XAI-powered Knowledge Base for Texas Law Enforcement), an AI-powered prototype builtto modernize cybersecurity training in policing. Developed through user interviews and field research, the app combinesreal-time regulation updates with personalized, scenario-based microlearning-targeting a key challenge: officers forgettingor misunderstanding complex, evolving legal protocols. Our research examines how integrating XAI principles into lawenforcement workflows introduces not only technological efficiency but critical epistemological transparency, fosteringinstitutional accountability. We situate this intervention in the broader context of AI's role in public-sector transformation,arguing that ethical deployment of adaptive systems is essential to restoring public trust and preventing catastrophic humanerror. TEXAI also functions as a case study for how context-aware, role-specific AI tools can evolve through participatorydesign-responding to both human vulnerability and structural inefficiency. We contrast our solution with existing nationalsystems such as PoliceOne Academy and Axon Academy, highlighting a novel intersection between AI explainability, justicesystem integrity, and digital literacy. The implications extend beyond law enforcement: in demonstrating how adaptive AIcan personalize and democratize professional training in real time, we propose a scalable model for AI's responsibleintegration into high-stakes, socially critical domains. This work contributes to growing discourse around ethical AI, resiliencein digital infrastructure, and the future of labor in AI-mediated institutions.

Purpose: The purpose of this article was to role of homestay tourism in enhancing cultural exchange in coastal Kenya Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study found that homestay tourism significantly strengthens direct interactions between tourists and host families, allowing visitors to experience authentic aspects of life in coastal Kenya. Through shared daily routines, guests gained a deeper appreciation of local traditions, including cuisine, language, and cultural practices. Homestay hosts also benefited from the exchanges, noting that they acquired fresh perspectives and knowledge from their visitors. The findings further showed that organized cultural activities such as storytelling, traditional dances, and craft demonstrations enhanced visitors’ understanding of coastal heritage. Overall, the research concluded that homestay tourism is an effective avenue for fostering meaningful cultural exchange, promoting mutual respect, and supporting the preservation of coastal Kenya’s cultural identity. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Social Exchange Theory, Contact Hypothesis and Theory of Cultural Authenticity may be used to anchor future studies on Role of Homestay Tourism in Enhancing Cultural Exchange in Coastal Kenya. For homestay operators and associations, enhancing authentic exchange requires moving from ad-hoc hosting to a deliberate, professionally supported "Cultural Exchange Management" system. County and national governments must transition from regulating homestays solely as accommodation providers to recognizing and incentivizing their role as Critical Infrastructure for Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) Safeguarding.

This article analyzes the protection and development strategy of Chinese historic towns and their public spaces. Within this context, the paper then focuses on the importance of protecting the public spaces of historic towns. Taking the Anju Historic Town as an example, we analyze its historic and cultural heritage and characteristics and collected the opinions of local residents and tourists on the town's public space through field research. In this paper, we explore the methods of protection and development of Anjus public space, and conclude that it is best to enhance the quality of public space through landscape creation and by working on developing unique tourism features. Through combining this with Anju's cultural heritage, tourists will be able to better experience the cultural charm of the historic town in-depth.

Nongovernmental Organizations in Oral Health Promotion: A Scoping Review and Thematic Analysis.

Sharia banking is an important element in the development and formation of the Indonesian economy. In facing increasingly complex challenges, companies need to look for creative ideas or the latest strategies to achieve company goals optimally. Quality is an important aspect that customers and potential customers pay attention to, so that strategic efforts to improve and maintain quality become a necessity to maintain service and improve the company's position in the market, including BPRS Bina Amanah Satria KC Bumiayu. The PAKSERV Service Quality Model is considered the best setting for understanding and measuring service quality, which has six variables, namely tangibility, reliability, guarantee, sincerity, personalization, and formality. The purpose of this research is to highlight the importance of BPRS Bina Amanah Satria KC Bumiayu continuing to improve the quality of its services by paying attention to aspects measured through the PAKSERV model. By increasing customer satisfaction, it is hoped that customer loyalty can be strengthened and the image and performance of BPRS Bina Amanah Satria KC Bumiayu in the market can be improved. This research is field research and uses a descriptive quantitative approach. The data collection method was carried out through questionnaires distributed to BPRS Bina Amanah Satria KC Bumiayu customers totaling 190 respondents. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression using the IBM SPSS statistical program. The research results show that service quality as measured through the PAKSERV model simultaneously has a positive and significant influence between PAKSERV on customer satisfaction. Meanwhile, the partial test results show that the Tangibility, Sincerity, and Personalization variables have a Sig value < 0.05, meaning they do not have a significant effect, and the Reliability, Assurance, and Formality variables have a Sig value > 0.05, meaning they have a significant effect.

Distribution of 137Cs in surface waters of the Atlantic Ocean (50°S - 61°N) in 2020-2022 based on field research on cruises 79 and 87 of the R/V "Akademik Mstislav Keldysh".

Currently, there are no herbicides registered that provide acceptable control of glyphosate-resistant marestail in no-till and reduced-till pumpkin production systems. Field research was conducted in 2023 and 2024 at Lafayette, IN, USA, to evaluate ‘Bayhorse Gold’ pumpkin and marestail response to glufosinate alone, glyphosate alone, and glyphosate tank-mixed with carfentrazone, saflufenacil, or tiafenacil applied 1 week before planting into a roller-crimped cereal rye cover crop. A nontreated control was included for comparison. No visual crop injury was observed in either year. Marestail densities were low in 2023 and averaged 1.5 plants/20 m 2 at 2 weeks after planting (WAP) in the nontreated control and 0 plants/20 m 2 in all other treatments. At 2 WAP in 2024, marestail was more abundant, averaging 44.7 plants/35 m 2 in the nontreated control, which was similar to the density observed with glyphosate alone (23.6 plants/35 m 2 plot). The greatest reduction in marestail density occurred with glufosinate alone and glyphosate plus saflufenacil (0.2 plants/35 m 2 ). Glyphosate plus tiafenacil (12.7 plants/35 m 2 ) and glyphosate plus carfentrazone (15.5 plants/35 m 2 ) exhibited reduced marestail density compared with the nontreated control but did not differ from glyphosate alone. In 2024, orange pumpkin fruit number was greater with glyphosate plus saflufenacil than with glyphosate plus tiafenacil. No other differences were observed for the pumpkin yield parameters measured in this study. Glufosinate and glyphosate plus saflufenacil demonstrated excellent marestail control and crop tolerance, suggesting that their registration would be beneficial to no-till and reduced-till pumpkin farmers who cannot sufficiently control marestail with currently registered herbicide options, such as glyphosate alone or combined with carfentrazone.

Contemporary trends in targeted protein degradation for neurodegenerative diseases.

Reflections on the NIEHS Virtual Consortium funding mechanism (ViCTER) and what it has taught us about the future of transdisciplinary science.

DoLPHiN: a proposed architecture and technical implementation of a database of structural and functional properties of natural polysaccharides with health benefits.

This article aims to reveal one of the phenomena that occurred at the Al-Athas Rendeng Mosque, Kudus, namely food intended for Friday prayer congregations. This study attempts to reveal the history of the provision of free food at the mosque, from whom the free food was placed in the mosque and their motivations, and what impacts resulted from the phenomenon of the emergence of free food that is happening now. The research used was qualitative research with the type of field research and the theory used was symbolic interactionism. The results of the study concluded that; The Al-Athas Rendeng Kudus Mosque functions as a center for distributing free food after Friday prayers, an initiative of sugar factory employees, which aims to strengthen solidarity and the values of the Qur'an. The donors consist of regular donors and volunteers, who donate as a form of prayer and follow the teachings to give alms. This program is very helpful for the congregation, especially those who come from far away, and creates an atmosphere of togetherness. Free food not only meets physical needs, but also strengthens social relationships among the congregation. Overall, this initiative shows the importance of concern and support among Muslims, improving community welfare.

Anthropogenic activities have a profound impact on ecosystems, threatening species and contributing to increased extinction rates. Among them are some Leporidae species, for which ecological data remains insufficient to support effective conservation. This study aimed to monitor the status of the volcano rabbit (Romerolagus diazi), eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus), and Mexican cottontail (Sylvilagus cunicularius) in 2018 in southern Mexico City, using citizen science tools. The field research involved recording fecal pellets and habitat characteristics along 1km transects. Vegetation changes over the past 20 years were analyzed using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), and Standard Anomaly Index (SAI). Among 2,026 quadrants (~ 8,000km²), the volcano rabbit, eastern cottontail, and Mexican cottontail were detected in 3.25%, 8.09%, and 12.37% of sampling points, respectively. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that mature tree density harmed the presence of the volcano rabbit. At the same time, cottontails appeared to be more resilient to habitat changes. Despite reforestation efforts, SPI, EVI, and SAI data indicated an increase in dryness over time. Intensive planting has transformed alpine grasslands, a key habitat for the volcano rabbit, into densely forested areas. Citizen science is an effective tool for monitoring certain species of leporids, such as the volcano rabbit, and provides valuable insights for conservation strategies. Future interventions should prioritize the preservation of alpine grasslands to ensure their long-term survival.

This article aims to reveal how the politics of food governance by looking at government policies and the implementation of Pantuntung religious values in anticipating the food crisis for the Kajang indigenous community in Bulukumba, Indonesia. This article borrows the concept of food security as an analytical tool and is described in a qualitative-descriptive manner with a data base based on field research. In general, this article concludes as follows; Firstly, the Regional Government of Bulukumba Regency issued Regional Regulation No. 9/2015 on the Inauguration, Recognition of Rights, and Protection of the Ammatoa Kajang Customary Law Community which explicitly guarantees the management and utilisation of land for the Kajang indigenous people individually and communally. Secondly, the indigenous people of the Kajang tribe protect their environment by being guided by Pasang in the Patuntung belief system. Thirdly, the culture of the Kajang indigenous people to ensure the availability of food to avoid a food crisis is to equip each of their houses with para'. Para' functions as a food governance mechanism adopted from the local wisdom of the Kajang tribe.

This article examines the tension between Islamic Law (Fiqh Munakahat) and the traditional Uang Pelangkah tradition in Palembang, particularly in Indralaya District. Uang Pelangkah has shifted from an ethical symbol to a burdensome financial requirement that contradicts the principle of taysir (ease) in Islamic marriage, creating a burden on the prospective bride and groom. This study seeks to examine the function of Islamic Legal Education (ILE) as a driver of social transformation and to delineate the manifestations of critical acceptance within the Palembang community regarding the burdensome elements of the Uang Pelangkah tradition. The study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with field research methods. Primary data were collected through in-depth interviews and observations of young couples, traditional leaders, and ILE academics in Indralaya, Ogan Ilir. The results indicate that ILE is effective in forming critical reasoning that triggers the community to actively negotiate the tradition. This critical acceptance is manifested in the form of a drastic decrease in the nominal value, the conversion of Uang Pelangkah into a beneficial gift, or its neglect by the woman's family. As a result, ILE has succeeded in transforming mandatory customary norms into optional ethical norms that align with the maqasid al-shari'ah. This article contributes to the field of Islamic sociology of law by offering a critical reception model as an intelligent mediation mechanism between sharia and custom and affirming the ILE as a central agent in reforming social norms at the grassroots level.

Background of study: Circular economy has been widely studied in manufacturing industries, yet its application in rural agricultural communities remains underexplored. Most derivative product developments often overlook whether they meet the real needs of local communities. Aims and scope of paper: This paper aims to introduce the Mapalus Circular Economic Model, which integrates the traditional Minahasan concept of mapalus—a cooperative system based on kinship—into rural economic empowerment. The scope focuses on exploring how agricultural derivative products can be developed and consumed within rural communities to create a sustainable local economy. Methods: The study employs a literature review method, synthesizing existing research on circular economy, community-based development, and the role of mapalus in strengthening collaboration, knowledge transfer, and social cohesion. Result: : Findings highlight that the Mapalus Circular Economic Model positions rural communities as both producers and consumers of derivative agricultural products. This dual role fosters sustainable economic cycles, enhances community self-reliance, and supports environmental preservation. The integration of local traditions, knowledge resources, policies, and external collaborations is identified as essential for successful implementation. Conclusion: The Mapalus Model represents a blueprint for rural economic empowerment through circular economy practices grounded in cultural values. By revitalizing mapalus traditions, the model fosters collective action, reduces poverty, and strengthens social bonds. However, as this study is based on literature review, empirical validation through field research is required to ensure its practical applicability and effectiveness in real-world settings.

The purpose of this study was to create a system at the Mestong District Office of Muaro Jambi Regency to make it easier to access or store archival data for incoming and outgoing letters. The author collects data using research methods in the form of field research (Field Research), observation (Observation), interviews (Interview), and documentation (documentation). The results showed that the management of incoming and outgoing mail archive data still uses a manual system, namely by recording the letter data in the agenda book then the letters are placed in a special mail file cabinet without any backup data... The solution proposed by the author is to design and build a website-based system for archiving incoming and outgoing mail. The design of this application is built using the PHP programming language and MySQL DBMS so as to produce the desired website program. The results of this study are expected to be developed by further researchers, because in this study there are still many shortcomings.